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17 results on '"Fausnaugh, M M"'

2. Four years of Type Ia Supernovae Observed by TESS: Early Time Light Curve Shapes and Constraints on Companion Interaction Models

Author

Fausnaugh, M. M., Valleley, P. J., Tucker, M. A., Kochanek, C. S., Shappee, B. J., Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland, Agarwal, Manan, Daylan, Tansu, Jayaraman, Rahul, Hounsell, Rebekah, and Muthukrishna, Daniel

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present 307 Type Ia supernova (SN) light curves from the first four years of the TESS mission. We use this sample to characterize the shapes of the early time light curves, measure the rise times from first light to peak, and search for companion star interactions. Using simulations, we show that light curves must have noise $$ 31 R$_{\odot}$ (99.9% confidence level) and disfavor companions having Roche lobe radii $>$ 10 R$_{\odot}$ (95% confidence level). Lastly, we discuss the implications of our results for the intrinsic fraction of single degenerate progenitor systems., Comment: 40 pages, 23 figures, resubmitted to ApJ. Figure sets for all 307 objects in Figures 3, 13, 14, and 16, can be viewed at https://space.mit.edu/home/faus/snIa_fig_sets/ in advance of the online journal article

Published
2023

3. A full transit of v2 Lupi d and the search for an exomoon in its Hill sphere with CHEOPS

Author

Ehrenreich, D., Delrez, L., Akinsanmi, B., Wilson, T. G., Bonfanti, A., Beck, M., Benz, W., Hoyer, S., Queloz, D., Alibert, Y., Charnoz, S., Collier Cameron, A., Deline, A., Hooton, M., Lendl, M., Olofsson, G., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V., Alonso, R., Anglada, G., Barrado, D., Barros, S. C. C., Baumjohann, W., Beck, T., Bekkelien, A., Bergomi, M., Billot, N., Bonfils, X., Brandeker, A., Broeg, C., Bárczy, T., Berta-Thompson, Z. K., Cabrera, J., Corral Van Damme, C., Csizmadia, S., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Demangeon, O., Demory, B.-O., Doty, J. P., Erikson, A., Fausnaugh, M. M., Florén, H.-G., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Fridlund, M., Futyan, D., Gandolfi, D., Gillon, M., Guterman, P., Güdel, M., Heng, K., Isaak, K. G., Jäckel, A., Jenkins, J. M., Kiss, L. L., Laskar, J., Latham, D. W., Lecavelier des Etangs, A., Levine, A. M., Lovis, C., Magrin, D., Maxted, P. F. L., Morgan, E. H., Nascimbeni, V., Osborn, H. P., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Ricker, G. R., Salmon, S., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Simon, A. E., Smith, A. M. S., Steinberger, M., Steller, M., Szabó, G. M., Ségransan, D., Shporer, A., Tschentscher, M., Thomas, N., Udry, S., Vanderspek, R., Van Grootel, V., Walton, N. A., Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science & Technology Facilities Council, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science

Subjects
MCC, planets and satellites: detection, 530 Physics, 520 Astronomy, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, DAS, 610 Medicine & health, Astronomy and Astrophysics, planets and satellites: general, 620 Engineering, general [Planets and satellites], detection [Planets and satellites], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, individual: HD 136352 [Planets and satellites], QB Astronomy, 570 Life sciences, biology, planets and satellites: individual: HD 136352, QB, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The planetary system around the naked-eye star $\nu^2$ Lupi (HD 136352; TOI-2011) is composed of three exoplanets with masses of 4.7, 11.2, and 8.6 Earth masses. The TESS and CHEOPS missions revealed that all three planets are transiting and have radii straddling the radius gap separating volatile-rich and volatile-poor super-earths. Only a partial transit of planet d had been covered so we re-observed an inferior conjunction of the long-period 8.6 Earth-mass exoplanet $\nu^2$ Lup d with the CHEOPS space telescope. We confirmed its transiting nature by covering its whole 9.1 h transit for the first time. We refined the planet transit ephemeris to P = 107.1361 (+0.0019/-0.0022) days and Tc = 2,459,009.7759 (+0.0101/-0.0096) BJD_TDB, improving by ~40 times on the previously reported transit timing uncertainty. This refined ephemeris will enable further follow-up of this outstanding long-period transiting planet to search for atmospheric signatures or explore the planet's Hill sphere in search for an exomoon. In fact, the CHEOPS observations also cover the transit of a large fraction of the planet's Hill sphere, which is as large as the Earth's, opening the tantalising possibility of catching transiting exomoons. We conducted a search for exomoon signals in this single-epoch light curve but found no conclusive photometric signature of additional transiting bodies larger than Mars. Yet, only a sustained follow-up of $\nu^2$ Lup d transits will warrant a comprehensive search for a moon around this outstanding exoplanet., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2023

4. Discovery and mass measurement of the hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet, GJ 3929 b

Author

Kemmer, J., Dreizler, S., Kossakowski, D., Stock, S., Quirrenbach, A., Caballero, J. A., Amado, P. J., Collins, K. A., Espinoza, N., Herrero, E., Jenkins, J. M., Latham, D. W., Lillo-Box, J., Narita, N., Pallé, E., Reiners, A., Ribas, I., Ricker, G., Rodríguez, E., Seager, S., Vanderspek, R., Wells, R., Winn, J., Aceituno, F. J., Béjar, V. J. S., Barclay, T., Bluhm, P., Chaturvedi, P., Cifuentes, C., Collins, K. I., Cortés-Contreras, M., Demory, B.-O., Fausnaugh, M. M., Fukui, A., Gómez Maqueo Chew, Y., Galadí-Enríquez, D., Gan, T., Gillon, M., Golovin, A., Hatzes, A. P., Henning, Th., Huang, C., Jeffers, S. V., Kaminski, A., Kunimoto, M., Kürster, M., López-González, M. J., Lafarga, M., Luque, R., McCormac, J., Molaverdikhani, K., Montes, D., Morales, J. C., Passegger, V. M., Reffert, S., Sabin, L., Schöfer, P., Schanche, N., Schlecker, M., Schroffenegger, U., Schwarz, R. P., Schweitzer, A., Sota, A., Tenenbaum, P., Trifonov, T., Vanaverbeke, S., Zechmeister, M., European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, German Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), and Japan Science and Technology Agency

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrofísica, radial velocities [Techniques], 520 Astronomy, photometric [Techniques], FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Stars: late-type, Planets and satellites: detection, Planetary systems, detection [Planets and satellites], Stars: individual: GJ 3929, Space and Planetary Science, Techniques: radial velocities, late-type [Stars], individual: GJ 3929 [Stars], Techniques: photometric, QB, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Full list of authors: Kemmer, J.; Dreizler, S.; Kossakowski, D.; Stock, S.; Quirrenbach, A.; Caballero, J. A.; Amado, P. J.; Collins, K. A.; Espinoza, N.; Herrero, E.; Jenkins, J. M.; Latham, D. W.; Lillo-Box, J.; Narita, N.; Pallé, E.; Reiners, A.; Ribas, I.; Ricker, G.; Rodríguez, E.; Seager, S.; Vanderspek, R.; Wells, R.; Winn, J.; Aceituno, F. J.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Barclay, T.; Bluhm, P.; Chaturvedi, P.; Cifuentes, C.; Collins, K. I.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Demory, B. -O.; Fausnaugh, M. M.; Fukui, A.; Gómez Maqueo Chew, Y.; Galadí-Enríquez, D.; Gan, T.; Gillon, M.; Golovin, A.; Hatzes, A. P.; Henning, Th.; Huang, C.; Jeffers, S. V.; Kaminski, A.; Kunimoto, M.; Kürster, M.; López-González, M. J.; Lafarga, M.; Luque, R.; McCormac, J.; Molaverdikhani, K.; Montes, D.; Morales, J. C.; Passegger, V. M.; Reffert, S.; Sabin, L.; Schöfer, P.; Schanche, N.; Schlecker, M.; Schroffenegger, U.; Schwarz, R. P.; Schweitzer, A.; Sota, A.; Tenenbaum, P.; Trifonov, T.; Vanaverbeke, S.; Zechmeister, M., We report the discovery of GJ 3929 b, a hot Earth-sized planet orbiting the nearby M3.5 V dwarf star, GJ 3929 (G 180-18, TOI-2013). Joint modelling of photometric observations from TESS sectors 24 and 25 together with 73 spectroscopic observations from CARMENES and follow-up transit observations from SAINT-EX, LCOGT, and OSN yields a planet radius of Rb = 1.150 ± 0.040 R⊕, a mass of Mb = 1.21 ± 0.42 M⊕, and an orbital period of Pb = 2.6162745 ± 0.0000030 d. The resulting density of ρb = 4.4 ± 1.6 g cm−3 is compatible with the Earth’s mean density of about 5.5 g cm−3. Due to the apparent brightness of the host star (J = 8.7 mag) and its small size, GJ 3929 b is a promising target for atmospheric characterisation with the JWST. Additionally, the radial velocity data show evidence for another planet candidate with P[c] = 14.303 ± 0.035 d, which is likely unrelated to the stellar rotation period, Prot = 122 ± 13 d, which we determined from archival HATNet and ASAS-SN photometry combined with newly obtained TJO data. © ESO 2022., This paper is based on observations made with the MuSCAT3 instrument, developed by the Astrobiology Center and under financial supports by JSPS KAKENHI (JP18H05439) and JST PRESTO (JPMJPR1775), at Faulkes Telescope North on Maui, HI, operated by the Las Cumbres Observatory. This work includes observationscarried out at the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional on the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir (OAN-SPM), Baja California, México. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and the ERDF through projects PID2019-109522GB-C5[1:4], PID2019-107061GB-C64, PID2019-110689RB-100, ESP2017-87676-C5-1-R, and the Centre of Excellence “Severo Ochoa” and “María de Maeztu” awards to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (CEX2019-000920-S), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiología (MDM-2017-0737), the Swiss National Science Foundation (PP00P2-163967 and PP00P2-190080), the Centre for Space and Habitability of the University of Bern, the National Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS, supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft priority program SPP 1992 “Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets” (JE 701/5-1), the Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany’s Excellence Strategy (EXC-2094 – 390783311), NASA (NNX17AG24G), JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05439, JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR1761, the Astrobiology Center of National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) (Grant Number AB031010), the UNAM-DGAPA PAPIIT (BG-101321), the “la Caixa” Foundation (100010434), the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (No. 847648, fellowship code LCF/BQ/PI20/11760023), and the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. Data were partly collected with the 90-cm telescope at Observatorio de Sierra Nevada (OSN), operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucí a (IAA, CSIC). We deeply acknowledge the OSN telescope operators for their very appreciable support.

Published
2022

5. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. VI. Reverberating Disk Models for NGS 5548

Author

Starkey, D, Gehrels, Cornelis, Horne, Keith, Fausnaugh, M. M, Peterson, B. M, Bentz, M. C, Kochanek, C. S, Denney, K. D, Edelson, R, Goad, M. R, De Rosa, G, Anderson, M. D, Arevalo, P, Barth, A. J, Bazhaw, C, Borman, G. A, Boroson, T. A, Bottorff, M. C, Brandt, W. N, Breeveld, A. A, Cackett E. M, Carini, M. T, Croxall, K. V, Crenshaw, D. M, Dalla Bonta, E, De Lorenzo-Caceres, A, Dietrich, M, Efimova, N. V, Ely, J, Evans, P. A, Filippenko, A. V, Flatland, I, Gehrels, N, Geier, S, Gelbord, J. M, Gonzalez, L, Gorjian, V, Grier, C. J, Grupe, D, Hall, P. B, Hicks, S, Horenstein, D, Hutchison, T, Im, M, Jensen, J. J, Joner, M. D, Jones, J, Kaastra, J, Kaspi, S, Kelly, B. C, Kennea, J. A, Kim, S. C, Kim, M, Kilmanov, S. A, Korista, K. T, Kriss, G. A, Lee, J. C, Leonard, D. C, Lira, P, MacInnis, F, Manne-Nicholas, E. R, Mathur, S, McHardy, I. M, Montouri, C, Musso, R, Nazarov, S. V, Norris, R. P, Nousek, J. A, Okhmat, D. N, Pancoast, A, Parks, J. R, Pei, L, Pogge, R. W, Pott, J.-U, Rafter, S. E, Rix, H.-W, Saylor, D. A, Schimoia, J. S, Schnuelle, K, Sergeev, S. G, Siegel, M. H, Spencer, M, Sung, H. I, Teems, K. G, Turner, C. S, Uttley, P, Vestergaard, M, Villforth, C, Weiss, Y, Woo, J.-H, Yan, H, Young, S, Zheng, W, and Zu, Y

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We conduct a multi-wavelength continuum variability study of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 to investigate the temperature structure of its accretion disk. The 19 overlapping continuum light curves (1158 Angstrom to 9157 Angstrom) combine simultaneous Hubble Space Telescope, Swift, and ground-based observations over a 180 day period from 2014 January to July. Light-curve variability is interpreted as the reverberation response of the accretion disk to irradiation by a central time-varying point source. Our model yields the disk inclination i = 36deg +/- 10deg, temperature T(sub 1) = (44+/-6) times 10 (exp 3)K at 1 light day from the black hole, and a temperature radius slope (T proportional to r (exp -alpha)) of alpha = 0.99 +/- 0.03. We also infer the driving light curve and find that it correlates poorly with both the hard and soft X-ray light curves, suggesting that the X-rays alone may not drive the ultraviolet and optical variability over the observing period. We also decompose the light curves into bright, faint, and mean accretion-disk spectra. These spectra lie below that expected for a standard blackbody accretion disk accreting at L/L(sub Edd) = 0.1.

Published
2017
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6. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. III. Optical Continuum Emission and Broadband Time Delays in NGC 5548

Author

Fausnaugh, M. M, Denney, K. D, Barth, A.J, Bentz, M.C, Bottorff, M.C, Carini, M.T, Croxall, K. V, Rosa, G. De, Goad, M.R, Gehrels, Cornelis, and Gorjian, V

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

We present ground-based optical photometric monitoring data for NGC 5548, part of an extended multiwavelength reverberation mapping campaign. The light curves have nearly daily cadence from 2014 January to July in ninefilters (BVRI and ugriz). Combined with ultraviolet data from the Hubble Space Telescope and Swift, we confirm significant time delays between the continuum bands as a function of wavelength, extending the wavelength coverage from 1158 Angstrom to the z band (approximately 9160 angstrom). We find that the lags at wavelengths longer than the V band are equal to or greater than the lags of high-ionization-state emission lines (such as He pi lambdal1640 and lambda 4686), suggesting that the continuum-emitting source is of a physical size comparable to the inner broad-line region (BLR). The trend of lag with wavelength is broadly consistent with the prediction for continuum reprocessing by an accretion disk with (tau varies as lambda(exp 4/3)). However, the lags also imply a disk radius that is 3 times larger than the prediction from standardthin-disk theory, assuming that the bolometric luminosity is 10 percent of the Eddington luminosity (L 0.1L(sub Edd)).Using optical spectra from the Large Binocular Telescope, we estimate the bias of the interband continuum lagsdue to BLR emission observed in the filters. We find that the bias for filters with high levels of BLR contamination(20 percent) can be important for the shortest continuum lags and likely has a significant impact on the u and U bandsowing to Balmer continuum emission.

Published
2016
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7. Three short-period Jupiters from TESS

Author

Nielsen, L. D., Brahm, R., Bouchy, F., Espinoza, N., Turner, O., Rappaport, S., Pearce, L., Ricker, G., Vanderspek, R., Latham, D. W., Seager, S., Winn, J. N., Jenkins, J. M., Acton, J. S., Bakos, G., Barclay, T., Barkaoui, K., Bhatti, W., Brice��o, C., Bryant, E. M., Burleigh, M. R., Ciardi, D. R., Collins, K. A., Collins, K. I., Cooke, B. F., Csubry, Z., Santos, L. A. dos, Eigm��ller, Ph., Fausnaugh, M. M., Gan, T., Gillon, M., Goad, M. R., Guerrero, N., Hagelberg, J., Hart, R., Henning, T., Huang, C. X., Jehin, E., Jenkins, J. S., Jord��n, A., Kielkopf, J. F., Kossakowski, D., Lavie, B., Law, N., Lendl, M., de Leon, J. P., Lovis, C., Mann, A. W., Marmier, M., McCormac, J., Mori, M., Moyano, M., Narita, N., Osip, D., Otegi, J. F., Pepe, F., Pozuelos, F. J., Raynard, L., Relles, H. M., Sarkis, P., Segransan, D., Seidel, J. V., Shporer, A., Stalport, M., Stockdale, C., Suc, V., Tamura, M., Tan, T. G., Tilbrook, R. H., Ting, E. B., Trifonov, T., Udry, S., Vanderburg, A., Wheatley, P. J., Wingham, G., Zhan, Z., and Ziegler, C.

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the confirmation and mass determination of three hot Jupiters discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission: HIP 65Ab (TOI-129, TIC-201248411) is an ultra-short-period Jupiter orbiting a bright (V=11.1 mag) K4-dwarf every 0.98 days. It is a massive 3.213 +/- 0.078 Mjup planet in a grazing transit configuration with an impact parameter of b = 1.17 +0.10/-0.08. As a result the radius is poorly constrained, 2.03 +0.61/-0.49 Rjup. The planet's distance to its host star is less than twice the separation at which it would be destroyed by Roche lobe overflow. It is expected to spiral into HIP 65A on a timescale ranging from 80 Myr to a few gigayears, assuming a reduced tidal dissipation quality factor of Qs' = 10^7 - 10^9. We performed a full phase-curve analysis of the TESS data and detected both illumination- and ellipsoidal variations as well as Doppler boosting. HIP 65A is part of a binary stellar system, with HIP 65B separated by 269 AU (3.95 arcsec on sky). TOI-157b (TIC 140691463) is a typical hot Jupiter with a mass of 1.18 +/- 0.13 Mjup and a radius of 1.29 +/- 0.02 Rjup. It has a period of 2.08 days, which corresponds to a separation of just 0.03 AU. This makes TOI-157 an interesting system, as the host star is an evolved G9 sub-giant star (V=12.7). TOI-169b (TIC 183120439) is a bloated Jupiter orbiting a V=12.4 G-type star. It has a mass of 0.79 +/- 0.06 Mjup and a radius of 1.09 +0.08/-0.05 Rjup. Despite having the longest orbital period (P = 2.26 days) of the three planets, TOI-169b receives the most irradiation and is situated on the edge of the Neptune desert. All three host stars are metal rich with [Fe/H] ranging from 0.18 - 0.24., Published in A&A

Published
2020
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8. The Cepheid Distance to the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4051.

Author

Yuan, W., Macri, L. M., Peterson, B. M., Riess, A. G., Fausnaugh, M. M., Hoffmann, S. L., Anand, G. S., Bentz, M. C., Bontŕ, E. Dalla, Davies, R. I., De Rosa, G., Ferrarese, L., Grier, C. J., Hicks, E. K. S., Onken, C. A., Pogge, R. W., Storchi-Bergmann, T., and Vestergaard, M.

Subjects
CEPHEIDS, SEYFERT galaxies, SPACE telescopes, EQUATIONS of state, DISTANCES, SUPERNOVAE
Abstract

We derive a distance of D = 16.6 ± 0.3 Mpc (μ = 31.10 ± 0.04 mag) to the archetypal narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051 based on Cepheid period–luminosity relations and new Hubble Space Telescope multiband imaging. We identify 419 Cepheid candidates and estimate the distance at both optical and near-infrared wavelengths using subsamples of precisely photometered variables (123 and 47 in the optical and near-infrared subsamples, respectively). We compare our independent photometric procedures and distance-estimation methods to those used by the Supernovae, H0, for the Equation of State team and find agreement to 0.01 mag. The distance we obtain suggests an Eddington ratio of for NGC 4051, typical of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, unlike the seemingly odd value implied by previous distance estimates. We derive a peculiar velocity of −490 ± 34 km s−1 for NGC 4051, consistent with the overall motion of the Ursa Major Cluster in which it resides. We also revisit the energetics of the NGC 4051 nucleus, including its outflow and mass accretion rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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9. Early-time Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae Observed with TESS.

Author

Fausnaugh, M. M., Vallely, P. J., Kochanek, C. S., Shappee, B. J., Stanek, K. Z., Tucker, M. A., Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland, Latham, David W., Seager, S., Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Berta-Thompson, Zachory K., Daylan, Tansu, Doty, John P., Fűrész, Gábor, Levine, Alan M., Morris, Robert, Pál, András, and Sha, Lizhou

Subjects
*TYPE I supernovae, *LIGHT curves, *ROCHE equipotentials, *SUPERNOVAE
Abstract

We present the early-time light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed in the first six sectors of Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. Ten of these SNe were discovered by ASAS-SN, seven by ATLAS, six by ZTF, and one by Gaia. For nine of these objects with sufficient dynamic range (>3.0 mag from detection to peak), we fit power-law models and searched for signatures of companion stars. We found a diversity of early-time light-curve shapes, although most of our sources are consistent with fireball models where the flux increases as ∝t2. Three SNe displayed a flatter rise with flux ∝t. We did not find any obvious evidence for additional structures, such as multiple power-law components, in the early rising light curves. For assumptions about the SN properties and the observer viewing angle (ejecta mass of 1.4 M⊙, expansion velocity of 104 km s−1, opacity of 0.2 cm2 g−1, and viewing angle of 45°) and a further assumption that any companion stars would be in Roche lobe overflow, it is possible to place upper limits on the radii of any companion stars. Six of the nine SNe had complete coverage of the early-time light curves, and we placed upper limits on the radii of companion stars of ≲32 R⊙ for these SNe, ≲20 R⊙ for five of the six, and ≲4 R⊙ for two of the six. The small sample size did not allow us to put limits on the occurrence rate of companion stars in the progenitors of SNe Ia. However, we expect that TESS observed enough SNe in its two-year primary mission (26 sectors) to either detect the signature of a large companion (R > 20 R⊙) or constrain the occurrence rate of such systems, at least for the fiducial SN properties adopted here. We also show that TESS is capable of detecting emission from a 1 R⊙ companion for an SN Ia within 50 Mpc and has a reasonable chance of doing so after about six years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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10. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. IX. Velocity–Delay Maps for Broad Emission Lines in NGC 5548.

Author

Horne, Keith, De Rosa, G., Peterson, B. M., Barth, A. J., Ely, J., Fausnaugh, M. M., Kriss, G. A., Pei, L., Bentz, M. C., Cackett, E. M., Edelson, R., Eracleous, M., Goad, M. R., Grier, C. J., Kaastra, J., Kochanek, C. S., Krongold, Y., Mathur, S., Netzer, H., and Proga, D.

Subjects
OPTICAL telescopes, SPACE telescopes, ACTIVE galactic nuclei, BLACK holes, CHOLESTERIC liquid crystals
Abstract

In this contribution, we achieve the primary goal of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) STORM campaign by recovering velocity–delay maps for the prominent broad emission lines (Lyα, C iv , He ii , and Hβ) in the spectrum of NGC 5548. These are the most detailed velocity–delay maps ever obtained for an AGN, providing unprecedented information on the geometry, ionization structure, and kinematics of the broad-line region. Virial envelopes enclosing the emission-line responses show that the reverberating gas is bound to the black hole. A stratified ionization structure is evident. The He ii response inside 5–10 lt-day has a broad single-peaked velocity profile. The Lyα, C iv , and Hβ responses extend from inside 2 to outside 20 lt-day, with double peaks at ±2500 km s−1 in the 10–20 lt-day delay range. An incomplete ellipse in the velocity–delay plane is evident in Hβ. We interpret the maps in terms of a Keplerian disk with a well-defined outer rim at R = 20 lt-day. The far-side response is weaker than that from the near side. The line-center delay days gives the inclination i ≈ 45°. The inferred black hole mass is MBH ≈ 7 × 107M⊙. In addition to reverberations, the fit residuals confirm that emission-line fluxes are depressed during the "BLR Holiday" identified in previous work. Moreover, a helical "Barber-Pole" pattern, with stripes moving from red to blue across the C iv and Lyα line profiles, suggests azimuthal structure rotating with a 2 yr period that may represent precession or orbital motion of inner-disk structures casting shadows on the emission-line region farther out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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11. The Cepheid Distance to the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4151.

Author

Yuan, W., Fausnaugh, M. M., Hoffmann, S. L., Macri, L. M., Peterson, B. M., Riess, A. G., Bentz, M. C., Brown, J. S., Bontŕ, E. Dalla, Davies, R. I., De Rosa, G., Ferrarese, L., Grier, C. J., Hicks, E. K. S., Onken, C. A., Pogge, R. W., Storchi-Bergmann, T., and Vestergaard, M.

Subjects
*SEYFERT galaxies, *ACTIVE galactic nuclei, *CEPHEIDS, *SUPERMASSIVE black holes, *SPACE telescopes, *DISTANCES
Abstract

We derive a distance of 15.8 ± 0.4 Mpc to the archetypal Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151 based on the near-infrared Cepheid period–luminosity relation and new Hubble Space Telescope multiband imaging. This distance determination, based on measurements of 35 long-period (P > 25 days) Cepheids, will support the absolute calibration of the supermassive black hole mass in this system, as well as studies of the dynamics of the feedback or feeding of its active galactic nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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12. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. XI. Disk-wind Characteristics and Contributions to the Very Broad Emission Lines of NGC 5548.

Author

Dehghanian, M., Ferland, G. J., Kriss, G. A., Peterson, B. M., Korista, K. T., Goad, M. R., Chatzikos, M., Guzmán, F., De Rosa, G., Mehdipour, M., Kaastra, J., Mathur, S., Vestergaard, M., Proga, D., Waters, T., Bentz, M. C., Bisogni, S., Brandt, W. N., Bontŕ, E. Dalla, and Fausnaugh, M. M.

Subjects
OPTICAL telescopes, SPACE telescopes, SPECTRAL energy distribution, ELECTRON scattering, SOFT X rays
Abstract

In 2014 the NGC 5548 Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping campaign discovered a two-month anomaly when variations in the absorption and emission lines decorrelated from continuum variations. During this time the soft X-ray part of the intrinsic spectrum had been strongly absorbed by a line-of-sight (LOS) obscurer, which was interpreted as the upper part of a disk wind. Our first paper showed that changes in the LOS obscurer produces the decorrelation between the absorption lines and the continuum. A second study showed that the base of the wind shields the broad emission-line region (BLR), leading to the emission-line decorrelation. In that study, we proposed the wind is normally transparent with no effect on the spectrum. Changes in the wind properties alter its shielding and affect the spectral energy distribution (SED) striking the BLR, producing the observed decorrelations. In this work we investigate the impact of a translucent wind on the emission lines. We simulate the obscuration using XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and Hubble Space Telescope observations to determine the physical characteristics of the wind. We find that a translucent wind can contribute a part of the He ii and Fe Kα emission. It has a modest optical depth to electron scattering, which explains the fainter far-side emission in the observed velocity-delay maps. The wind produces the very broad base seen in the UV emission lines and may also be present in the Fe Kα line. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the effects of such winds in the analysis of the physics of the central engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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13. On reverberation mapping lag uncertainties.

Author

Yu, Z, Kochanek, C S, Peterson, B M, Zu, Y, Brandt, W N, Cackett, E M, Fausnaugh, M M, and McHardy, I M

Subjects
LIGHT curves, MATHEMATICAL continuum, SOUND reverberation, STOCHASTIC processes, UNCERTAINTY, TRANSFER functions
Abstract

We broadly explore the effects of systematic errors on reverberation mapping lag uncertainty estimates from javelin and the interpolated cross-correlation function (ICCF) method. We focus on simulated light curves from random realizations of the light curves of five intensively monitored AGNs. Both methods generally work well even in the presence of systematic errors, although  javelin generally provides better error estimates. Poorly estimated light-curve uncertainties have less effect on the ICCF method because, unlike javelin , it does not explicitly assume Gaussian statistics. Neither method is sensitive to changes in the stochastic process driving the continuum or the transfer function relating the line light curve to the continuum. The only systematic error we considered that causes significant problems is if the line light curve is not a smoothed and shifted version of the continuum light curve but instead contains some additional sources of variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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14. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. IV. Anomalous Behavior of the Broad Ultraviolet Emission Lines in NGC 5548

Author

Goad, M. R., Korista, K. T., De Rosa, G., Kriss, G. A., Edelson, R., Barth, A. J., Ferland, G. J., Kochanek, C. S., Netzer, H., Peterson, B. M., Bentz, M. C., Bisogni, S., Crenshaw, D. M., Denney, K. D., Ely, J., Fausnaugh, M. M., Grier, C. J., Gupta, A., Horne, K. D., Kaastra, J., Pancoast, A., Pei, L., Pogge, R. W., Skielboe, A., Starkey, D., Vestergaard, M., Zu, Y., Anderson, M. D., Arevalo, P., Bazhaw, C., Borman, G. A., Boroson, T. A., Bottorff, M. C., Brandt, W. N., Breeveld, A. A., Brewer, B. J., Cackett, E. M., Carini, M. T., Croxall, K. V., Bonta, E. Dalla, de Lorenzo-Caceres, A., Dietrich, M., Efimova, N. V., Evans, P. A., Filippenko, A. V., Flatland, K., Gehrels, N., Geier, S., Gelbord, G. M., Gonzalez, L., Gorjian, V., Grupe, D., Hall, P. B., Hicks, S., Horenstein, D., Hutchison, T., Im, M., Jensen, J. J., Joner, M. D., Jones, J., Kaspi, S., Kelly, B. C., Kennea, J. A., Kim, M., Kim, S. C., Klimanov, S. A., Larionov, V. M., Lee, J. C., Leonard, D. C., Lira, P., MacInnis, F., Manne-Nicholas, E. R., Mathur, S., McHardy, I. M., Montouri, C., Musso, R., Nazarov, S. V., Norris, R. P., Nousek, J. A., Okhmat, D. N., Papadakis, I., Parks, J. R., Pott, J. -U., Rafter, S. E., Rix, H. -W., Saylor, D. A., Schimoia, J. S., Schnulle, K., Sergeev, S. G., Siegel, M., Spencer, M., Sung, H. -I., Teems, K. G., Treu, T., Turner, C. S., Uttley, P., Villforth, C., Weiss, Y., Woo, J. -H., Yan, H., Young, S., Zheng, W. -K., High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Science & Technology Facilities Council, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, ITA, USA, and GBR

Subjects
Active galactic nucleus, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, galaxies: individual (NGC-5548), galaxies: nuclei, galaxies: Seyfert Supporting material: animation, Continuum (design consultancy), Doubly ionized oxygen, NDAS, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, QB Astronomy, Emission spectrum, Seyfert Supporting material: animation [Galaxies], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, QB, Galáxia NGC 5548, Physics, individual (NGC – 5548) [Galaxies], active, galaxies: individual (NGC, 5548), galaxies: nuclei, galaxies: Seyfert [galaxies], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxias seyfert, Galaxy, Galáxias ativas, QC Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), nuclei [Galaxies], individual (NGC-5548) [Galaxies], Reverberation mapping, Equivalent width, Nucleo galatico
Abstract

During an intensive Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) UV monitoring campaign of the Seyfert~1 galaxy NGC 5548 performed from 2014 February to July, the normally highly correlated far-UV continuum and broad emission-line variations decorrelated for ~60 to 70 days, starting ~75 days after the first HST/COS observation. Following this anomalous state, the flux and variability of the broad emission lines returned to a more normal state. This transient behavior, characterised by significant deficits in flux and equivalent width of the strong broad UV emission lines, is the first of its kind to be unambiguously identified in an active galactic nucleus reverberation mapping campaign. The largest corresponding emission-line flux deficits occurred for the high-ionization collisionally excited lines, C IV and Si IV(+O IV]), and also He II(+O III]), while the anomaly in Ly-alpha was substantially smaller. This pattern of behavior indicates a depletion in the flux of photons with E_{\rm ph} > 54 eV, relative to those near 13.6 eV. We suggest two plausible mechanisms for the observed behavior: (i) temporary obscuration of the ionizing continuum incident upon BLR clouds by a moving veil of material lying between the inner accretion disk and inner BLR, perhaps resulting from an episodic ejection of material from the disk, or (ii) a temporary change in the intrinsic ionizing continuum spectral energy distribution resulting in a deficit of ionizing photons with energies > 54 eV, possibly due to a transient restructuring of the Comptonizing atmosphere above the disk. Current evidence appears to favor the latter explanation., 12 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, Friday 25th March 2016. A movie of the anomalous emission-line behavior can be found in the ancilliary documents

Published
2016

15. The first spectroscopic dust reverberation programme on active galactic nuclei: the torus in NGC 5548.

Author

Landt, H, Ward, M J, Kynoch, D, Packham, C, Ferland, G J, Lawrence, A, Pott, J-U, Esser, J, Horne, K, Starkey, D A, Malhotra, D, Fausnaugh, M M, Peterson, B M, Wilman, R J, Riffel, R A, Storchi-Bergmann, T, Barth, A J, Villforth, C, and Winkler, H

Subjects
ACTIVE galactic nuclei, DUST, MINERAL dusts, TORUS, DUST measurement
Abstract

We have recently initiated the first spectroscopic dust reverberation programme on active galactic nuclei in the near-infrared. Spectroscopy enables measurement of dust properties, such as flux, temperature, and covering factor, with higher precision than photometry. In particular, it enables measurement of both luminosity-based dust radii and dust response times. Here we report results from a 1 yr campaign on NGC 5548. The hot dust responds to changes in the irradiating flux with a lag time of ∼70 light-days, similar to what was previously found in photometric reverberation campaigns. The mean and rms spectra are similar, implying that the same dust component dominates both the emission and the variations. The dust lag time is consistent with the luminosity-based dust radius only if we assume a wavelength-independent dust emissivity law, i.e. a blackbody, which is appropriate for grains of large sizes (of a few μ m). For such grains the dust temperature is ∼1450 K. Therefore, silicate grains have most likely evaporated and carbon is the main chemical component. But the hot dust is not close to its sublimation temperature, contrary to popular belief. This is further supported by our observation of temperature variations largely consistent with a heating/cooling process. Therefore, the inner dust-free region is enlarged and the dusty torus rather a 'dusty wall', whose inner radius is expected to be luminosity-invariant. The dust-destruction mechanism that enlarges the dust-free region seems to also partly affect the dusty region. We observe a cyclical decrease in dust mass with implied dust reformation times of ∼5–6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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16. The Cepheid distance to the maser-host galaxy NGC 4258: studying systematics with the Large Binocular Telescope.

Author

Fausnaugh, M. M., Kochanek, C. S., Gerke, J. R., Macri, L. M., Riess, A. G., and Stanek, K. Z.

Subjects
*CEPHEIDS, *MASERS, *BINOCULARS, *LARGE astronomical telescopes, *LARGE magellanic cloud
Abstract

We identify and phase a sample of 81 Cepheids in the maser-host galaxy NGC 4258 using the Large Binocular Telescope, and obtain calibrated mean magnitudes in up to four filters for a subset of 43 Cepheids using archival Hubble Space Telescope data. We employ three models to study the systematic effects of extinction, the assumed extinction law, and metallicity on the Cepheid distance to NGC 4258. We find a correction to the Cepheid colours consistent with a greyer extinction law in NGC 4258 compared to the Milky Way (RV = 4.9-0.7+0.9), although we believe this is indicative of other systematic effects. If we combine our Cepheid sample with previously known Cepheids, we find a significant metallicity adjustment to the distance modulus of γ1 = -0.61 ± 0.21 mag dex-1 for the Zaritsky et al. metallicity scale, as well as a weak trend of Cepheid colours with metallicity. Conclusions about the absolute effect of metallicity on Cepheid mean magnitudes are limited by the available data on the metallicity gradient in NGC 4258, but our Cepheid data require at least some metallicity adjustment to make the Cepheid distance consistent with independent distances to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and NGC 4258. From our ensemble of models and the geometric maser distance of NGC 4258 (μN4258 = 29.40 ± 0.06 mag), we estimate μLMC = 18.57 ± 0.14 mag (51.82 ± 3.23 kpc), including the uncertainties due to metallicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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17. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. VIII. Time Variability of Emission and Absorption in NGC 5548 Based on Modeling the Ultraviolet Spectrum

Author

Andrew J. King, K. G. Teems, Gabriele Ponti, J. S. Schimoia, Calen B. Henderson, Michael S. Brotherton, S. Paltani, Nahum Arav, Alessandro Siviero, Radosław Poleski, P. Lira, Sang Chul Kim, Thomas W.-S. Holoien, Wei Zhu, A. de Lorenzo-Cáceres, M. C. Bottorff, Dirk Grupe, Gabriela Canalizo, M. Eracleous, S. G. Sergeev, F. MacInnis, Massimo Cappi, M. Dietrich, Alis J. Deason, Haojing Yan, Giorgio Matt, Ciro Pinto, Michael T. Carini, Minjin Kim, Brandon C. Kelly, I. M. McHardy, Scott M. Adams, L. Gonzalez, J. J. Jensen, Julia M. Comerford, Yair Krongold, Tim Waters, B. Scott, C. S. Turner, G. A. Borman, R. McGurk, Nicolas Tejos, J. R. Parks, K. Flatland, Michael D. Joner, Kirk T. Korista, L. Di Gesu, Emma Gardner, Jon C. Mauerhan, Jessie C. Runnoe, Douglas C. Leonard, Kelsey I. Clubb, M. H. Siegel, C. A. Johnson, D. A. Starkey, H. Yuk, M. A. Malkan, Justin Ely, Ying Zu, Aaron J. Barth, Cassandra Lochhaas, Patrick L. Kelly, E. Holmbeck, Hyun-Il Sung, Patrick B. Hall, C. Montuori, Christopher S. Kochanek, Bradley M. Peterson, Tommaso Treu, Missagh Mehdipour, Marie Wingyee Lau, A. Skielboe, Catherine J. Grier, J. A. Kennea, Thomas G. Beatty, R. W. Pogge, J. van Saders, A. Bigley, S. Hicks, Catia Silva, H. W. Rix, Vardha N. Bennert, D. M. Crenshaw, E. Dalla Bontà, Miao Li, A. A. Breeveld, Dom Walton, D. N. Okhmat, Elisa Costantini, P. Ochner, Y. Weiss, M. L. Nguyen, Ryan Norris, Susanna Bisogni, Ehud Behar, Jacobo Ebrero, Garrett Somers, Phil Uttley, S. Rafter, Kelly D. Denney, K. Schnülle, Carolin Villforth, Keith Horne, Smita Mathur, G. V. Simonian, R. Boissay-Malaquin, Gary J. Ferland, J. S. Brown, Jelle Kaastra, Ana M. Mosquera, Stefano Bianchi, Misty C. Bentz, A. Pancoast, Alessandro Pizzella, WeiKang Zheng, N. Gehrels, Daniel J. Stevens, M. Dehghanian, Kevin V. Croxall, Isaac Shivvers, A. Gupta, Chris Done, J. E. Brown, B. De Marco, Gerard A. Kriss, Steve Croft, S. V. Nazarov, J. A. Nousek, Jae-Ok Lee, P. Arévalo, G. De Rosa, Michael Fausnaugh, Rick Edelson, Phil Evans, Lorenzo Morelli, S. Geier, Enrico Maria Corsini, M. R. Goad, V. Gorjian, W. N. Brandt, Elinor L. Gates, Shai Kaspi, D. A. Saylor, Jong-Hak Woo, Edward M. Cackett, Liuyi Pei, T. Hutchison, Jamie Tayar, E. R. Manne-Nicholas, Laura Vican, Daniel Proga, Steven Villanueva, D. Mudd, J.-U. Pott, F. Müller-Sánchez, Alexei V. Filippenko, Hagai Netzer, S. A. Klimanov, B. J. Shappee, J. M. Gelbord, Marianne Vestergaard, M. Spencer, Zhiyuan Ma, Carl T. Coker, S. Y. Kim, Myungshin Im, Science & Technology Facilities Council, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Kriss, G. A., De Rosa, G., Ely, J., Peterson, B. M., Kaastra, J., Mehdipour, M., Ferland, G. J., Dehghanian, M., Mathur, S., Edelson, R., Korista, K. T., Arav, N., Barth, A. J., Bentz, M. C., Brandt, W. N., Crenshaw, D. M., Bontà, E. Dalla, Denney, K. D., Done, C., Eracleous, M., Fausnaugh, M. M., Gardner, E., Goad, M. R., Grier, C. J., Horne, Keith, Kochanek, C. S., Mchardy, I. M., Netzer, H., Pancoast, A., Pei, L., Pogge, R. W., Proga, D., Silva, C., Tejos, N., Vestergaard, M., Adams, S. M., Anderson, M. D., Arévalo, P., Beatty, T G., Behar, E., Bennert, V. N., Bianchi, S., Bigley, A., Bisogni, S., Boissay-Malaquin, R., Borman, G. A., Bottorff, M. C., Breeveld, A. A., Brotherton, M., Brown, J. E., Brown, J. S., Cackett, E. M., Canalizo, G., Cappi, M., Carini, M. T., Clubb, K. I., Comerford, J. M., Coker, C. T., Corsini, E. M., Costantini, E., Croft, S., Croxall, K. V., Deason, A. J., De Lorenzo-Cáceres, A., De Marco, B., Dietrich, M., Di Gesu, L., Ebrero, J., Evans, P. A., Filippenko, A. V., Flatland, K., Gates, E. L., Gehrels, N., Geier, S., Gelbord, J. M., Gonzalez, L., Gorjian, V., Grupe, D., Gupta, A., Hall, P. B., Henderson, C. B., Hicks, S., Holmbeck, E., Holoien, T. W. -S., Hutchison, T. A., Im, M., Jensen, J. J., Johnson, C. A., Joner, M. D., Kaspi, S., Kelly, B. C., Kelly, P. L., Kennea, J. A., Kim, M., Kim, S. C., Kim, S. Y., King, A., Klimanov, S. A., Krongold, Y., Lau, M. W., Lee, J. C., Leonard, D. C., Li, Miao, Lira, P., Lochhaas, C., Ma, Zhiyuan, Macinnis, F., Malkan, M. A., Manne-Nicholas, E. R., Matt, G., Mauerhan, J. C., Mcgurk, R., Montuori, C., Morelli, L., Mosquera, A., Mudd, D., Müller-Sánchez, F., Nazarov, S. V., Norris, R. P., Nousek, J. A., Nguyen, M. L., Ochner, P., Okhmat, D. N., Paltani, S., Parks, J. R., Pinto, C., Pizzella, A., Poleski, R., Ponti, G., Pott, J. -U., Rafter, S. E., Rix, H. -W., Runnoe, J., Saylor, D. A., Schimoia, J. S., Schnülle, K., Scott, B., Sergeev, S. G., Shappee, B. J., Shivvers, I., Siegel, M., Simonian, G. V., Siviero, A., Skielboe, A., Somers, G., Spencer, M., Starkey, D., Stevens, D. J., Sung, H. -I., Tayar, J., Teems, K. G., Treu, T., Turner, C. S., Uttley, P., Van Saders, J ., Vican, L., Villforth, C., Villanueva Jr., S., Walton, D. J., Waters, T., Weiss, Y., Woo, J. -H., Yan, H., Yuk, H., Zheng, W., Zhu, W., Zu, Y., and USA

Subjects
Seyfert [Galaxies], galaxies: active, galaxies: individual (NGC 5548), galaxies: nuclei, galaxies: Seyfert, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Absorption spectroscopy, active [Galaxies], individual (NGC 5548) [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Continuum (design consultancy), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Luminosity, 0103 physical sciences, QB Astronomy, Emission spectrum, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, QB, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, DAS, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, QC Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), nuclei [Galaxies], Reverberation mapping
Abstract

We model the ultraviolet spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC~5548 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope during the 6-month reverberation-mapping campaign in 2014. Our model of the emission from NGC 5548 corrects for overlying absorption and deblends the individual emission lines. Using the modeled spectra, we measure the response to continuum variations for the deblended and absorption-corrected individual broad emission lines, the velocity-dependent profiles of Ly$\alpha$ and C IV, and the narrow and broad intrinsic absorption features. We find that the time lags for the corrected emission lines are comparable to those for the original data. The velocity-binned lag profiles of Ly$\alpha$ and C IV have a double-peaked structure indicative of a truncated Keplerian disk. The narrow absorption lines show delayed response to continuum variations corresponding to recombination in gas with a density of $\sim 10^5~\rm cm^{-3}$. The high-ionization narrow absorption lines decorrelate from continuum variations during the same period as the broad emission lines. Analyzing the response of these absorption lines during this period shows that the ionizing flux is diminished in strength relative to the far-ultraviolet continuum. The broad absorption lines associated with the X-ray obscurer decrease in strength during this same time interval. The appearance of X-ray obscuration in $\sim\,2012$ corresponds with an increase in the luminosity of NGC 5548 following an extended low state. We suggest that the obscurer is a disk wind triggered by the brightening of NGC 5548 following the decrease in size of the broad-line region during the preceding low-luminosity state., Comment: 50 pages, 30 figures, uses aastex62.cls. Accepted for publication in ApJ, 07/06/2019. High-level products page in MAST will go live after 7/15/2019. Replaced Figure 4 on 7/12/2019 to be more red/green color-blind friendly

Published
2019

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