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It is well-known that trans and non-binary individuals experience worse health outcomes due to experiences of violence and discrimination. For this reason, accessible healthcare for trans and non-binary people is crucial. There is a lack of Canadian literature on the experiences of non-binary people within the healthcare system. This study sought to understand barriers to healthcare among non-binary people living in a mid-sized urban/rural region of Canada. Interviews were conducted between November 2019 to March 2020 with 12 non-binary individuals assigned female at birth, living in Waterloo Region, Ontario, Canada, as a part of a larger qualitative study exploring experiences within the community, healthcare and employment. Three broad themes were developed: erasure, barriers to access to healthcare, and assessing whether (or not) to come out. Sub-themes included institutional erasure, informational erasure, general healthcare barriers, medical transition healthcare barriers, anticipated discrimination, and assessing safety. Policy and institutional changes are needed to increase the safety and accessibility of healthcare services to non-binary individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article was created based on a talk given by Canisia Lubrin with the Black Canadian Studies Association (BCSA) for their 2022 conference, "Black Solidarities, Thought and the Quest for Black Freedom." It engages with the theme of Black solidarities, thought, and the quest for Black freedom, in the interest of recognizing the complexities of its range. In this era of new forms of Black dispersement, the author offers this as a care work in the core character of Blackness. It is a wish for a kind of respite from the ontological over-determinism that bares down on us from all directions, from the restlessness that forms the tenor of our being in this world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Canadian literature. Topics include presuming that others lie beyond the bounds of the field, what moves are being made about how we map geographies and write histories; and important work being produced by Indigenous scholars and their incisive critiques of settler colonialism.

This article provides an overview of the research conducted on comics and graphic novels in Canada, with a focus on cultural transfers and the challenges faced by creators from diverse backgrounds. It explores the development of Canadian comics in both English and French, as well as the impact of global trends like the globalization of the medium and the popularity of manga. The article also delves into the historical and cultural context of comics in Canada, including the dominance of Caucasian creators and the recent diversification of the industry. The research presented in the article aims to move beyond a binary view of Canadian comics and examine the intersections of culture and transfer within the medium. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration and the exchange of ideas between different linguistic and cultural communities, and highlights the role of translation in facilitating these transfers. The article also discusses the influence of French-Belgian and Japanese comics on the Quebecois comic scene, and covers topics such as translation, distribution, appropriation of superheroes, and the representation of Indigenous and multicultural perspectives in comics. [Extracted from the article]

Domestically produced Canadian superheroes face an uphill climb in their bids to be taken seriously. A domestically produced Canadian comic is one that is authored and published within Canada or within a territory on what is called Canada. Canada's troubled sociopolitical relationships with nationalism, colonialism, federalism, and separatism, merge with notorious Canadian stereotypes—like national inferiority complexes and apology culture—and serve to unnerve and disarm the Canadian superhero. While psychosocial in nature, these feelings, unconsciously nationalized, are rooted in cultural economics where imports from Britain or the United States are perceived to have higher financial and social value. These unsettlements continually prompt Canadian readers to question whether they can—or should—identify with a domestically produced Canadian superhero in le neuvième art. The answer tentatively seems to be yes, but only if they are humbled, satirized, or taken down a peg—knowingly or unknowingly, or only if these heroes are, in some manner, reflectively self-deprecating. Richard Comely's early run on the Captain Canuck franchise, particularly in his promotional pre-Captain Canuck no. 1 paratexts, root the character in deprecation as the hero is mocked and satirized by the citizens of his own comic. This fate is uniquely applied to Canuck while other nationalist and provincial superheroes—such as Pierre Fournier's Les Aventures du Capitaine Kébec (1973) and Mark Allard-Will's and Elaine Will's Saskatch-A-Man (2015)—engage in self-mockery without accidental patronization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been increased calls to address the growing mental health concerns of postsecondary students in Canada. Health promotion focuses on prevention and is needed as part of a comprehensive approach to student mental health support, with an emphasis on not just the individual but also the sociocultural environment of postsecondary institutions. The aim was to conduct a scoping review of the literature pertaining to the associations between postsecondary institutional factors and student wellbeing. The review included a comprehensive search strategy, relevance screening and confirmation, and data charting. Overall, 33 relevant studies were identified. Major findings provide evidence that institutional attitudes, institutional (in)action, perceived campus safety, and campus climate are associated with mental wellbeing, suggesting that campus-wide interventions can benefit from continued monitoring and targeting these measures among student populations. Due to the large variability in reporting and measurement of outcomes, the development of standardized measures for measuring institutional-level factors are needed. Furthermore, institutional participation and scaling up established population-level assessments in Canada that can help systematically collect, evaluate, and compare findings across institutions and detect changes in relevant mental health outcomes through time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: In Canada, the time deferral for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) to donate blood has gradually decreased. In September 2022, this deferral was replaced with sexual behaviour‐based screening for all donors. We investigate how data from targeted research programmes addressed knowledge gaps to support this change. Materials and Methods: We conducted a scoping review describing the Canadian literature available before the research programmes relating to (1) behavioural indicators of HIV risk and (2) attitudes to blood donation among gbMSM, current donors and the general population. We summarize the targeted research programmes, their outputs and impact to date. Results: For question 1, five projects met inclusion criteria. For question 2, three articles met inclusion criteria. Knowledge gaps identified were insufficient evidence of HIV incidence in gbMSM who met other donor eligibility criteria and scant data on opinions and views of blood donation and screening criteria for sexual risk behaviours. The research programmes funded 19 projects at 11 different research sites involving over 100 individual researchers/collaborators resulting in 19 peer‐reviewed publications to date. Leveraging existing gbMSM cohorts yielded relevant HIV incidence data to inform safety modelling studies. Findings indicated that sexual behaviour‐based screening was acceptable to gbMSM and donors, and donor discomfort around specific questions could be mitigated with clear explanations. Conclusion: Targeted research programmes filled critical knowledge gaps and informed a change to gender‐neutral, sexual behaviour‐based screening for all donors. Findings supported successful implementation of these changes with research‐informed staff training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article posits that Miriam Toews's All My Puny Sorrows (2014) introduces a critique of how neoliberal visions of resilience have permeated medical discourses on mental health, resulting in a perceived moral imperative over the patient to improve, which the author counters with a model of resilience firmly rooted in interdependence and the social potential of vulnerability. Toews's focus on the narrator Yolandi's struggle with the aftermath of her sister's suicide also troubles the concept of resilience by introducing the idea of assisted suicide as a possible iteration of a "good death", completely circumventing any possibility of recovery or adaptation. What holds the key for Yolandi's recovery and happiness, Toews seems to imply, is accepting her sister's rejection of resilience as a viable option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trans and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people who make refugee claims in Canada negotiate a complex nexus of identity, belonging, and citizenship. Drawing on insights from TGNC refugees, immigration lawyers, and frontline workers, in this paper we examine the ways the state controls the trans body through the refugee claims process and in the process of integration into life in Canada, while also highlighting trans refugee methods of survival and resistance. What emerges is an understanding of the ways that refugees navigate the tension between gender, sexuality, and homecoming as both intimately felt and geopolitically managed. We convey TGNC refugee narratives to demonstrate how they both confirm and expand upon the existing literature on Canadian LGBTQ+ refugees. TGNC refugees' experiences at the Immigration and Refugee Board confirm insights from existing LGBTQ+ refugee studies. However, TGNC refugees' day‐to‐day lives differ significantly from LGB refugee lives as recounted in the literature. In TGNC refugees' attempts to access gender‐affirming documentation, healthcare, housing, and income, they confront distinct systems of transgender exceptionalism, border imperialism, and racial and heteropatriarchal capitalism that limit their access to basic necessities and impact how they build home both conceptually and materially. Key Messages: Refugee narratives elicited at the Immigration and Refugee Board follow a logic of "transgender exceptionalism" and often diverge from the complexity of Trans and gender nonconforming (TGNC) refugee experiences.TGNC refugees experience barriers to accessing housing, healthcare, adequate documentation, and employment due to histories and systems of oppression.These narratives demonstrate that the trans refugee homemaking process is implicated in nationalism, but also shows the needs to push against this limiting frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a list of contributors to the journal Book History. The contributors come from various academic backgrounds and specialize in different areas of research related to literature, publishing, and book history. Their research interests include children's literature, medical and erotic print networks, early modern printing, Canadian literatures, religion and reading, the history of the book trade, and African American studies. The contributors are affiliated with universities and research institutions in France, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses Jed Rasula's book "Genre and Extravagance in the Novel: Lower Frequencies" and its analysis of Ralph Ellison's "Invisible Man" and the concept of lower frequencies in literature. Rasula explores the relationship between genre and the novel, arguing that while the novel can be generic, the greatest novels remain unique. He also examines the history of the graphic novel and its ties to modernism. The article critiques Rasula's approach, suggesting that it is limited to a modernist perspective and fails to acknowledge other scholarly work on the novel. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a recent issue of the journal Canadian Literature, which focuses on the past, present, and future of Canadian comics. The issue, guest edited by Candida Rifkind and Zachary J.A. Rondinelli, features articles by both veteran and new scholars and is based on a virtual symposium on Canadian comics. The articles cover a range of topics, including the representation of Asian Canadian creators, the writing back of Indigenous, Black, and Jewish comics, and the exploration of Indigenous comic book art. The issue also includes historical and material approaches, such as an examination of Martin Vaughn-James's work and an exploration of censorship in Cold War-era Alberta. The volume concludes with a section on the highlights of the virtual symposium, including a roundtable on the preservation of Canadian comics and interviews with notable Canadian comic book artists. Overall, the issue provides valuable perspectives on the history of Canadian comics and offers new insights for re-envisioning the field. [Extracted from the article]

This article investigates the representation of time in T. C. Haliburton's The Old Judge as shaped by the writer's British North American context as well as his political background and agenda. It pays attention to the manner in which the text prepares the ground for native identity formation by providing a version of Nova Scotia's recent history that is nonetheless presented as bygone and ancient. In The Old Judge, temporal distance of the past, apart from its richness — both confirmed by the presence of the properly historicized settler ghost — is the condition for cultural distinctiveness, maturity and heritage. Approaching The Old Judge from the perspective of Cynthia Sugars' Canadian Gothic and Lorenzo Veracini's settler colonialism, I argue that the text represents the past of the province as curiously extended in time in the Old World fashion, so that it may encompass the stages of cultural development required to gain the Empire's recognition. Simultaneously, the text's intricate play with heterochronies suggests that Haliburton's Nova Scotia contains heterotopic spaces in Foucauldian terms, where the ordinary time passage is necessarily breached for the colony to attain proper legacy and distinct cultural status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study highlights the significance of literature to Expo 67 and the tradition of world exhibitions. Like the world's fairs before it, the Montreal exhibition promoted literature as a technology of national progress. Yet Expo 67 reflected simultaneously the contemporary anxieties about technology and nationhood expounded by George Grant in the 1960s in contrast with the celebration of nationalism and technological progress bound together in the tradition of world's fairs. Though world's fairs had depicted the educational utility of literature throughout their tradition, Expo 67 emphasized literature more than any world exhibition had to that point. Its theme, Terre des hommes, drawn from Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's autobiographical narrative, its literature conferences and poetry performances, and the broader textuality of Expo 67 as a "total environment" were intended to deploy texts in promotion of the ideals of universal humanism. However, I find that poetry performances by Michèle Lalonde, George Clutesi, and Duke Redbird contradicted the event's stated ideals by spotlighting the negative effects of technology and ongoing colonial violence. I argue further that large-scale literature exhibits at Expo 67 resisted the humanist ideals of the event by continuing the world exhibition convention of treating literary works as an educative technology of national progress. As a result, I find that Canadian literature at Expo 67 complicates the Canadian collective memory of the event and the 1967 Centennial Year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study highlights the significance of literature to Expo 67 and the tradition of world exhibitions. Like the world's fairs before it, the Montreal exhibition promoted literature as a technology of national progress. Yet Expo 67 reflected simultaneously the contemporary anxieties about technology and nationhood expounded by George Grant in the 1960s in contrast with the celebration of nationalism and technological progress bound together in the tradition of world's fairs. Though world's fairs had depicted the educational utility of literature throughout their tradition, Expo 67 emphasized literature more than any world exhibition had to that point. Its theme, Terre des hommes, drawn from Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's autobiographical narrative, its literature conferences and poetry performances, and the broader textuality of Expo 67 as a "total environment" were intended to deploy texts in promotion of the ideals of universal humanism. However, I find that poetry performances by Michèle Lalonde, George Clutesi, and Duke Redbird contradicted the event's stated ideals by spotlighting the negative effects of technology and ongoing colonial violence. I argue further that large-scale literature exhibits at Expo 67 resisted the humanist ideals of the event by continuing the world exhibition convention of treating literary works as an educative technology of national progress. As a result, I find that Canadian literature at Expo 67 complicates the Canadian collective memory of the event and the 1967 Centennial Year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CBC operates on a mandate that defines it as a company of content whose vision is to connect Canadians through attractive Canadian content and whose values include serving the Canadian public. This article responds to the questions of how the CBC uses social media to disseminate national literatures, taking a Facebook wall, Canada Reads, as a case study, based on the small stories method (Georgakoupoulou) to analyze narrative activities that are important for recognizing the identity-forging work of their narrator as well as the social fabric of practices that people become involved in, with the objective of discovering if it has created a virtual community of practice (as conceived by Robert V. Kozinets) and if it has achieved, at the same time, the ultimate goal of discussing contemporary Canadian identities and if it has fulfilled its aim to disseminated contemporary regional and national quality content. Methodology: Small Stories, Virtual Communities, and Communities of Practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the complexities of Canadian identity and literature, especially concerning the relationship between settler colonialism and Indigenous peoples. Topics include struggles of defining Canadian-ness; the ethical considerations in producing Canadian literature; various literary works that explore identity and imprecision in the Canadian context; and themes of refugee theatre, racialized and gendered narratives in graphic memoirs, and climatological relations in literature.

With a constantly evolving and newly erupting menu of scandals over the period extending from 2015 to the present, a sense of crisis has been instilled in Canadian literature. Whither CanLit? These continually unfolding scandals have pushed some scholars to respond through various attempts at inventory-taking. This article asks: are the kinds of inventory-taking the field is conducting somehow paradoxically deleterious? Is shame as an affect a productive way for processing and healing trauma? Does the current solution to unfolding scandals in the industry of Canadian literature, that of waging shame, actually preclude the resolution of scandal? Does waging shame reinforce the process of trauma itself? Is there some kind of misapprehension of shame as an affect in literary and cultural studies that might be augmented with a more medical understanding of the effects of shame on human beings? In short, what happens when shame becomes a disciplinary identity? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following upon the spurs of Sara Humphreys's I Manifest Destiny 2.0 i (2021) and Christopher Conway and Antoinette Sol's I The Comic Book Western i (2022), both published in the University of Nebraska Press's "Postwestern Horizons" series and both examining global manifestations of the Western in a specific nonliterary medium (video games and comic books, respectively), Joel Deshaye's I The American Western in Canadian Literature i , the latest addition to the University of Calgary Press's "The West" series, moves the critical debate on the Western genre back to literature and takes a "nationalist" approach - in a way. Chapter 4, "From Law to Outlaw: The Second World War, Westerns, and the '40s Pulps", constitutes another highlight of I The American Western in Canadian Literature i . At the same time, Deshaye seeks to trace the development of the Canadian Western, from the fiction of Ralph Connor and H.A. Cody at the beginning of the 20 SP th sp century via 1940s pulp Westerns, postmodern Westerns from the late 1960s through the early 1990s, and First Nations perspectives on the genre from the 1990s through the early 2000s, to the contemporary "resurgence" (347) of the (post-)Western in Canada in the wake of Robert Kroetsch's I The Man from the Creeks i (1998). [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the chapter "The Future(s) of Indigenous Horror: Moon of the Crusted Snow" from open access resource CanLit Guides which focuses on horror of Indigenous with examination of novel of author Waubgeshig Rice. Topics discussed include book "Moon of the Crusted Snow" by Rice which discusses Indigenous genre fiction, pedagogy of the chapter focused on indigenous scholarship and knowledge, and prominence gained by Indigenous fiction in Canadian literary pedagogy.

The alternate realities and imagined futures of speculative fiction provide a rich source of material through which to interrogate our views of history, elucidate our contemporary cultural milieu and chart what we see as possible. This article attends to the politics of Indigenous–Settler relations through an engagement with speculative fiction. Spatially and temporally located in the country now called Canada in the twenty-first century, the work centres on a conversation between the author, a Settler Canadian, and writer, playwright and humourist, Drew Hayden Taylor, from the Curve Lake First Nation. A full transcript of the conversation, edited for length and clarity, is provided. In it, Taylor describes his speculative writing practice and engagement with Indigenous futures. The article concludes with the author's reflection on the process of decolonization, situating engagement in Indigenous futurisms as a step in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses people, publications, institutions, and events that press forward to document Canadian comics culture.Topics include the closure of Koyama Press, a Canadian small publisher, in 2021 and the impact of its disappearance on Canadian comics culture; the need to preserve Canadian comics memory and culture, and explores the possibility of archives as a historical and bibliographic tool for studying the literary field.

The article is a conversation between Canadian comics historians John Bell and Ivan Kocmarek as part of the 80 Years and Beyond: A Virtual Symposium on Canadian Comics. Canadian comics historians John Bell and Ivan Kocmarek discuss the challenges of archiving, preserving, and maintaining access to Canadian comics past and present. Bell describes his early interest in Canadian comics and how he began building his research collection in the mid-1970s.

This article discusses the neglect of Filipino Canadian comics in Canadian comics studies, despite the growing demographic significance of Filipinos in Canada and the rich body of work produced by Filipino Canadian creators.It discusses some Filipino Canadian comics, highlighting their transnational sensibility and engagement with global spaces and histories. It also explores the invisibility of diasporic Filipinos.

The article presents the underreported chapter in Canadian history and the history of comics censorship by examining previously unpublished and unprocessed materials from the Provincial Archives of Alberta in Edmonton. It explores the Advisory Board on Objectionable Publications (ABOP) in Alberta, Canada to control the sale of objectionable comics, tabloids, and magazines.It also mentions tha release of pamphlet "What's Wrong with Comic Books?" in 1956.

An editorial is presented on Canadian literature focusing on Canadian comics that can be traced back to various origins, such as, European and colonial visual storytelling, or editorial cartoons in newspapers. It is inspired by "The 80 Years and Beyond: A Virtual Symposium on Canadian Comics" ,which aims to expand the field by recognizing different traditions. It mentions that the intergenerational transfer of knowledge and cultural significance of Indigenous comics has been underrecognized.

Focusing on works by Wayde Compton and Esi Edugyan, this essay analyzes the mix of realism, the gothic, and other speculative forms in contemporary Black Canadian writing to consider the kind of literary-historical and political work this mix performs. I address current debates about the "genre turn" (Rosen) as well as the (re)turn of/to realism in contemporary literature, and I argue that a supplementary logic governs the introduction of the speculative or gothic within realism in Black Canadian works attentive to the occlusions of the historical archive. The friction between realism and the speculative more than "highlight[s] the gaps... in the national imaginary" (16), as Cynthia Sugars has argued of the gothic: it also allows writers to introduce a different epistemology, a different ontology, and a different model of the social. In writing both in the "realist prose" (Chakrabarty 35) of the current political arrangements and the languages those arrangements cannot or will not speak, Compton and Edugyan not only make perceptible sites of knowing and being that are outside of the present order but ground collective socio-political imagining anew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For Alice Munro, "the 1960s" extended in spirit a few years past the end of the decade and centred not upon racial conflict, riots in the cities, or protests against the Vietnam War but, rather, upon the situation of women of her generation as they came to terms with the social and sexual upheavals of the period. In returning to the 1960s decades later, Munro was exploring two related questions: how they were experienced by people like herself at the time and how, provisionally, they and fictionalized versions of herself as actors in them appear with distance. Although apolitical as a writer, Munro could not avoid politics in the home as sympathy with the women's movement merged with that for other forms of contemporary protest, laying bare deep divisions between herself and her husband that found their way into themes in the fiction. Omniscient but non-committal in "Differently" (1989) and related stories set in the 1960s, and sympathetic toward her women but ironic about their missteps and confusions, Munro establishes a distance from fictionalized versions of her younger self without inscribing a moral viewpoint of her own. As she looks back on her characters, on the 1960s as a cultural phenomenon, and vicariously on herself as she felt and behaved at the time, Munro, too, seems to say, with wry aloofness, "Differently." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, concepts of what constituted a "frontier" developed differently in Canada and the United States. Portrayals in literature of those who inhabited these geographic spaces also are typified by notable differences between the former French and English colonies, yet U.S. literary critics today sometimes conflate the two situations, apparently under the assumption that what applies to the United States pertains in the same way to Canada. The historical reality is far more nuanced. As one example, among the Englishmen who spent time among native cultures, marriage into the culture of "the other" was rare; by contrast, the practice was not at all uncommon among the French who predated the English in Canada. A comparison of two nineteenth-century works—Forestiers et voyageurs by Canadian author Joseph-Charles Taché and The Pioneers by U.S. author James Fenimore Cooper—develops these observations to show how English-origin ideas of "frontier" and "frontiersman" cannot be assumed to apply in discussing Canadian works of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the dimensions of focalization from the point of view of cognitive poetics leaning on the idea that focalization directly affects the reading experience and, therefore, the reception of the narrative discourse. The importance of deixis, their referential value in the storytelling process and reception, is illustrated on the example of the short story “Something I’ve Been Meaning to Tell You” by Alice Munro. Focalization is treated as a rhetorical instrument modifying various layers of the narrative discourse and strategically guiding the process of reception. The first section presents the theories relevant for the understanding of the concept of focalization, and it includes a short overview of deixis from the point of view of cognitive poetics. The analysis of the short story by Alice Munro follows to serve as an illustration of the rhetorical flexibility of storytelling. Finally, the concluding remarks offer arguments against the conventional comprehension and interpretation of third-person narration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay aims to analyze the significance of Canadian "eco-horror" film within the so-called "Anthropocene" era, wherein it functions as a form of nostalgia and vehicle for imagining the liberation of nature from under the yoke of cultural repression. Assuming Canadian director Adam MacDonald's critically lauded natural horror film Backcountry as its centerpiece, this essay surveys eco-horror's reversal of heteropatriarchal masculinity and settler thinking by confronting it with a monstrous image of nature wholly distinct from the Canadian mythos of "beneficent" natural world submitted to the will of Man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Canadian Model for Peatlands (CaMP) was run across 5 ecozones from 1990 to 2019. • Canada's peatlands were a carbon sink over those 30 years. • In large fire years, peatlands switched to a carbon source. • There are regional differences in C emissions and removals. • Forested peatlands have high sink-rates but are also more vulnerable to disturbances. This study applied the Canadian Model for Peatlands (CaMP) to 63.9 million hectares of peatlands within boreal and temperate ecozones of Canada to assess the trends in atmospheric carbon (C) emissions and removals and C sequestration over 30 years (1990–2019). The CaMP modelled net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for peatlands within the study area indicated a net C sink at an annual mean rate of 30.9 Mt C y−1 (48.4 g C m−2 y−1). Net Biome Productivity (NBP), which accounts for losses of carbon due to wildfire, reduced the C sink to 19.0 Mt C y−1 (29.8 g C m−2 y−1). On an area-weighted basis, the Hudson Plains and the Boreal Plains had the highest NBP (34.9 and 34.0 g C m−2 y−1, respectively) and the Atlantic Maritime and Boreal Shield West had the lowest (25.3 and 24.6 g C m−2 y−1 respectively), with the Boreal Shield East having intermediate NBP (27.5 g C m−2 y−1). NBP was highest in peatlands with forest cover, rising with increasing nutrient status (bog < poor fen < rich fen). These modelled values compare well with long-term carbon accumulation rates found in the literature for Canadian peatlands ranging from 6 to 70 g C m−2 y−1. While most years peatlands were a net sink of C, years with extensive fires resulted in peatlands being a small net source of C. The study highlighted that forested peatlands were important in driving the C sequestration sink but were also sensitive to climate warming due to high rates of soil CO 2 emission and large wildfire C emissions. This highlights an important, yet vulnerable role these forested peatlands play in Canada's national greenhouse gas accounting. While this research is the first to produce estimates of C sequestration and greenhouse gas emission and removal rates across such a large area of Canada, further research is required across peatland types and ecozones to improve parameterization, validation, and process representations. Our results stress the importance of ecozone-specific analyses and accounting for infrequent large fire years and fire risk in land management policy and carbon accounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few studies have assessed the relationship between poverty and the risk of infection with antimicrobial resistant organisms (AROs). We sought to identify, appraise, and synthesize the available published Canadian literature that analyzes living in poverty and risk of AROs. Methods: A structured narrative review methodology was used, including a systematic search of three databases: MedLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science for articles pertaining to poverty, and infection with AROs in Canada between 1990 and 2020. Poverty was broadly defined to include economic measures and associated social determinants of health. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 889 initial articles, and 43 included in the final review. The final articles were extracted using a standard format and appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Levels of Evidence framework. Results: Of 43 studies, 15 (35%) related to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). One study found a 73% risk reduction (RR 0.27, 95%CI 0.19–0.39, p = < 0.0001) in community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infection for each $100,000 income increase. Results pertaining to homelessness and MRSA suggested transmission was related to patterns of frequent drug use, skin-to-skin contact and sexual contact more than shelter contact. Indigenous persons have high rates of CA-MRSA, with more rooms in the house being a significant protective factor (OR 0.86, p = 0.023). One study found household income over $60,000 (OR 0.83, p = 0.039) in univariate analysis and higher maternal education (OR 0.76, 95%CI 0.63–0.92, p = 0.005) in multivariate analysis were protective for otitis media due to an ARO among children. Twenty of 43 (46.5%) articles pertained to tuberculosis (TB). Foreign-born persons were four times more likely to have resistant TB compared to Canadian-born persons. None of the 20 studies used income in their analyses. Conclusions: There is an association between higher income and protection from CA-MRSA. Mixed results exist regarding the impact of homelessness and MRSA, demonstrating a nuanced relationship with behavioural risk factors. Higher income and maternal education were associated with reduced ARO-associated acute otitis media in children in one study. We do not have a robust understanding of the social measures of marginalization related to being foreign-born that contribute to higher rates of resistant TB infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1979 Writing in Our Time series became Vancouver's most attended reading series, bringing light to the viability and international status of the city's literary scene. While it has largely been remembered as a celebration of Vancouver's literary culture, more marginalized voices of Vancouver's literary communities have highlighted the series' implications for gay male and female writers in the city. This article considers whose time was actually represented by the Writing in Our Time series. I suggest that while it gave gay men the opportunity to be onstage and speak about their concerns, including the homophobic attacks against bill bissett in the House of Commons that prompted the series, Writing in Our Time provided women limited opportunities to publicly share their work while relying upon their invisible labour to succeed. Through the production of a new socio-cultural history of the series, including an analysis of printed publications, oral histories, and audiovisual documentation of the events, this article demonstrates that Writing in Our Time was catalyzed by attacks on a gay writer, relied on women's invisible labour, showcased the androcentric relations of Vancouver's literary scene, and sparked resistance from feminists to women's peripheral position in the series. I argue that, due to their proximity to or distance from heterosexual white males in power within the scene, the series simultaneously supported gay writers in Vancouver's literary scene and further marginalized women by reinforcing sexist social hierarchies. The effects of these androcentric relations led to greater dialogue about issues affecting gay men within the series and by women about sexism within and outside of the series at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses the depiction of the outlaw-lawman in Western films and literature, particularly in Canada, as seen in films like "High Noon," "Green Grass, Running Water," and "The Long Patrol: A Tale of the Mounted Police." Also cited are the perspectives of Indigenous filmmakers as seen in their works like "Injun," "Maliglutit," and "The Searchers."

In the article, the author discusses the Western genre in the Canadian literary market in the 21st century. Other topics include the importance of cultural studies like literature and films in influencing how to protect the environment and how to shift away from plastics and fossil fuels, and the focus on some novels like "The Outlander," "The Sisters Brothers," and "Saltwater Cowboys."

In the article, the author discusses postmodern Western genre in Canadian literature. Other topics include the changes in media and communication during the postmodernism period, the postmodernism in the American Western as seen in the novel "Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down" by Ishmael Reed and the films "Blazing Saddles" and "Little Big Man," and the development of neoliberalism and capitalism.

The article discusses the topics of transnationalism and Christianity in early Canadian Western literature and films. Other topics include the modern axis of colonialism in North America, the portrayal of symbolic law enforcers in Canadian Westerns, and the symbolism of the image of the cross based on genre, geography, and religion in Canadian and American films and literature.

In the article, the author discusses the issues of transnationalism, regionalism, and nationalism in the Western genre of films and literature. Other topics include the growth and globalization of literary studies, the relationship of Canadian literature with other national literatures and cultures, and how American Western films were inspired by Japan as seen in films like "The Magnificent Seven" and "Eastern Westerns."

Mark Anthony Jarman's characters are often down and out, and often wandering and wondering. Using theories of wonder, this essay argues that wonder plays a key role in many of Jarman's stories--stories that are marked not by narrative or psychological closure, but by a sense of wonder as characters muse on their lot in life. After briefly considering Jarman's role within Canadian literature, including his innovative approaches to the short story form, and his odd status as an influential yet often ignored writer, the essay moves to a discussion of the various ways that wonder is at play in his works, both as a verb and a state. Jarman's characters are frequently in doubt, and the act of wondering takes us into their drifting, self-reflecting minds. However, there is also the sense of wonder as the miraculous. Jarman's narrators find optimism in the world around them, thanks to flashes of the beauty of the unlikely. Wonder, thus, has a crucial structural function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As defined by Georg G. Iggers and promoted by Hayden White, the postmodern challenge of historiography calls into question the objective enquiry and truth value of history writing. Many works of fiction have embodied this trend, embracing the challenge by exploring objectivity and the retrievability of the past. In contemporary Canadian literature, such cases are also to be found. The novel Weird Sister (1999) by Kate Pullinger thematizes history and history writing, utilizes Gothic elements, and employs the elements of historiographic metafiction, e.g. as characterized by Linda Hutcheon. The book features characters representing the so‐called silent voices whose testimony had remained lost in the official historical record. This paper aims to show that the depiction of the impossibility of uncovering the truth about the past represents a significant contribution by contemporary fiction authors to the postmodern challenge of historiography, with Pullinger’s novel emerging as a notable contribution to this discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article critiques the 2017 poetry collection "Table Manners," by Canadian poet Catriona Wright. Topics discussed include the way Wright depicted the culture of consumption and the fusion between work and life in her lyric poetry, the repetitious element in the poetics of Wright, and the themes of her poems such as alcohol dependence in "Mukbang" and food cravings in "Job Satisfaction."

The article critiques the 2014 documentary long poem "From the Poplars," by Canadian poet Cecily Nicholson. Topics discussed include the way she addressed the colonial history of Poplar Island in New Westminster, British Columbia, the arguments raised by Nicholson with regard to the restitution of Indigenous lands, and the subjects addressed such as dispossession of Indigenous peoples, the racism experienced by Black Canadians, and the white supremacy in British Columbia.

This section presents a literary criticism of the 2015 novel "The Illegal," by Canadian author Lawrence Hill. Topics discussed include the publication of the novel prior to the rise of cultural and political issues concerning refugees in Canada, the way the novel addressed themes such as forced migration, Canadian humanitarian assistance, and nationalism, and the evolution and increasing recognition of Canadian refugee fiction.

This paper addresses the noticeably low presence of Canadian literature in hemispheric American literary research. The fact that hemispheric literary studies focuses on a comparison of the United States and Spanish America is partly because of Canada's marginal position in the Americas, its lack of identification with the continent, and Canadian scholars' reluctance to engage in hemispheric studies due to their insecurity concerning cultural identity and the discipline's potential imperialistic impulses. By examining a representative history of Canadian literature and several literary studies for intersections and tangencies between Canadian literature and other literatures of the Americas, this paper will demonstrate that there are natural links between them, which make a transnational comparative approach to Canadian literature both legitimate and desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with Guy Gavriel Kay, a bestselling author of Canadian fantasy novels, is presented. Topics discussed include the first time he became interested in writing, authors and their works that influenced him to write "The Fionavar Tapestry," and the universalization of a theme in his fantasy novels.

Long dismissed as a "critical error" (Booth 2016) and still capable of inciting "embarrassment palpable" (Watson 2006) among scholars otherwise happy to emphasize the material contexts that inform the circulation of texts, literary tourism has recently become the focus of serious academic inquiry. Recent work has begun to disaggregate the various forms of literary tourist sites (Fawcett and Cormack 2001), but continues to have a methodological gap surrounding the specifically literary aspects of the practice itself, and—with the notable exception of Green Gables (Squire 1992; Devereux 2001)—has left Canada predictably unexamined. This essay begins with a brief introduction to literary tourism in Canada before moving into a comparative analysis of two National Historic Sites associated with Canadian literary authors: the Robert Service cabin in Dawson City, Yukon, and the John McCrae House in Guelph, Ontario. The sites offer a compelling comparison as the former homes of two of the best-known Canadian poets of the early twentieth century whose works have become popularly synonymous with two of Canada's most heavily mythologized eras. The enduring popularity of poems like "The Cremation of Sam McGee" reflect not only Service's central role in mythologizing Canada's north but also a strategic "cultural commoditization" of the area's gold rush heritage (Jarvenpa 1994; Grace 2001), while McCrae's "In Flanders Fields" retains its status not only as the "most popular poem" of the First World War in Canada and beyond (Fussell 2000), but also as a primary example of the ideological function of Great War literature within Canada (Holmes 2005; Gordon 2014). Although the two author houses may initially appear a study in contrasts, I draw on recent work in literary tourist studies to argue they are linked in their function as "materialized fictions" (Hendrix 2008), or concrete interpretative frames that aim to offer tangible evidence of the Canadian myths their former inhabitants helped to fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]