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2. Is Julian Assange an International Version of Daniel Ellsberg and WikiLeaks the Modern Equivalent of the Pentagon Papers?
- Author
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Freivogel, William H.
- Abstract
History has placed the stamp of approval on the publication of the Pentagon Papers, the top-secret history of the Vietnam War. If WikiLeaks editor-in-chief Julian Assange is another Daniel Ellsberg, then it is possible the website's disclosures will be viewed over time as similarly in the public interest. A classroom discussion on the release of secret diplomatic cables by the WikiLeaks website can lead to important questions about the First Amendment, the Espionage Act, and press treatment of national security secrets.
- Published
- 2011
3. Power, Politics, and Education: Canadian Universities and International Education in an Era of New Geopolitics
- Author
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Trilokekar, Roopa Desai, El Masr, Amira, and El Masry, Hani
- Abstract
This paper focuses on the recent political spars between Canada and Saudi Arabia as well as China and their impact on Canadian universities. It asks three questions: (1) What key issues did Canada's political strains with Saudi Arabia and China raise for Canadian universities' international education (IE) initiatives and what issues were absent? (2) What do these key issues suggest about Canada's approaches to IE in an era of new geopolitics? and (3) What implications can be drawn from these cases about Canadian university-government relations in the context of new geopolitics? Given the powerful role media plays in education policy, a systematic study was conducted across three main media sources to identify 74 articles and news releases between August 2018 and November 2019. Three dominant themes are identified and analyzed, each vividly illustrating the close ties between global politics, government foreign policy and IE within Canadian Universities. On the one hand, the narratives speak to concerns about IE as a risk to national security and, on the other, as a vehicle for Canada's economic prosperity. However, what the media has not achieved is a broader discussion on how Canada needs to revisit its IE objectives and approaches in light of broader geopolitical shifts. Using the theoretical framework of soft power, the paper speaks to the limitations and short-sightedness of Canada's approach to IE as soft power in this era of new geopolitics and concludes with three recommendations for Canada.
- Published
- 2020
4. Photograph and Speech Related to the Cuban Missile Crisis
- Author
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Bredhoff, Stacey and Potter, Lee Ann
- Abstract
On Sunday, October 14, 1962, an American U-2 aircraft, flying a photographic reconnaissance mission over Cuba, took 928 images (one is included with this article). The next day, analysts at the National Photographic Interpretation Center concluded that the photographs showed evidence of Soviet missile site construction in Cuba and conveyed their findings to McGeorge Bundy, President John F. Kennedy's National Security Adviser. Using this featured photograph and the copy of Pres. Kennedy's speech, teachers can lead a class discussion with the following questions: (1) What kind of document is it?; (2) When was it created?; (3) By whom?; and (4) For what purpose? This activity can help students recognized how helpful a group of advisors could be.
- Published
- 2012
5. Evaluation of Participant Needs in a Regional Center for Security Studies
- Author
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Schmoker, Oliver E., III
- Abstract
This research study was implemented within the subject headquarters of a regional center, an organization responsible for security cooperation in Europe and Eurasia. The focus of the study was the center's program of security education. This program was designed to support evolving security objectives of foreign countries in order to increase the level of desired participation. The purpose of the project was for the researcher to identify concerns or issues that might have caused a decrease in participation in the security-education program, to determine whether revisions in the objectives and curriculum for security education were needed, and to develop recommendations, as needed, for program changes. The aim of the revisions was to sustain or increase the participation of desired students contributing to security cooperation among countries in the European and Eurasian region. Five areas were identified as warranting review and analysis: participation factors, program administration, curriculum, program guidance, and service delivery. In the qualitative phase of data collection and analysis, the researcher included document review, focus groups, and individual interviews to identify concepts and themes for the development of a quantitative survey. The results of the qualitative phase enabled development of a questionnaire to measure respondents' opinions on topics within the five areas of study. The questionnaire was reviewed by subject-matter experts and piloted with a sample population comparable to the target population from several countries. The survey was disseminated to defense attaches, security-assistance officers, and political-military officers. The chief finding was that the regional center continues to be an essential venue for professional security education in international security development, including regional and international security issues. The key organizational leaders were provided with recommendations to sustain, improve, or suspend activities within the five focus areas. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2009
6. Ukrainian Border Guards Interoperability Assessment in the Framework of Common European Border Guard Standards Implementation
- Author
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Balendr, Andrii, Komarnytska, Oksana, and Bloshchynskyi, Ihor
- Abstract
The paper reports on an innovative approach to evaluate the level of harmonisation of Ukrainian border guards training with the common standards for border guarding in the European Union (EU) member-states. There are different types of borders and different organisational structures in border guard agencies in the EU. The authors present the results of a research aimed at analysing the level of interoperability of Ukrainian border guards. In case of border guards' training, interoperability stands for their level of professional readiness for joint actions with representatives of foreign border guard authorities. For this purpose, the EU border guard agencies under the supervision of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex Agency) introduced the Interoperability Assessment Program (IAP), as the means to assess, first of all, the level of integration of the Common Core Curriculum (CCC) for basic border guards' training into border guard authorities' national curricula. The programme's results provide information on the degree to which the CCC meets the requirements regarding its content. The overall CCC implementation at the NASBGSU was 77.5%, namely: by modules (General Studies -- 95%; Land Border Module -- 75%; Air Border Module -- 81%; Sea Border Module -- 58,6%); by content (General studies -- 96%; Legislation -- 73,9%; Practice -- 80,8%). The results of the evaluation held at the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, involving cadets of the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Humanities showed that Ukrainian border guards and their system of education and training are in line with the EU member-states' common standards and the Ukrainian border guard agency personnel can be effectively used for the various operational and service activities of protecting different border sectors.
- Published
- 2019
7. The Apocalyptic Premise: Nuclear Arms Debated.
- Author
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Ethics and Public Policy Center, Washington, DC., Lefever, Ernest W., and Hunt, E. Stephen
- Abstract
This document contains 31 position papers that reflect a wide range of views on nuclear arms policy held by political leaders, religious authorities, scholars, policy experts, journalists, and political activists. Since no judgments are made, the reader is left to decide which arguments are most compelling. Each position paper is arranged into one of five sections: "Arms Control Issues,""The Peace Movement,""The Apocalyptic Premise,""The Churches and Nuclear Arms," and "Official Views." Each essay is preceded by a brief introduction, pointing out main themes and relating both complementary and opposing contributors to one another. Also included is a chart showing the comparative strengths of NATO and Warsaw Pact forces in Europe, a five-part bibliography corresponding to the five divisions of the text, and an index of names. (APG)
- Published
- 1982
8. Foreign policy White Paper leaves a lot unsaid
- Author
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Bergmann, Kym
- Published
- 2017
9. An Operational Code Analysis of China’s National Defense White Papers: 1998-2015.
- Author
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Yang, Yi Edward, Keller, Jonathan W., and Molnar, Joseph
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *FOREIGN relations administration ,CHINA-United States relations - Abstract
Scholarly efforts to predict the future character of the U.S.-China relationship abound. Few however looks to leaders’ beliefs as valid explanatory variables. In this paper, we argue that state leaders’ belief systems are key to understanding both the states’ intentions and policy choices. We analyze China’s national defense white papers (1998-2015) published to date as the source material to gauge the core collective beliefs of three generations of Chinese leadership. The operational code framework is employed to conceptualize and measure these beliefs. Our results identified important crossgenerational changes in a few belief indicators. In the Xi Jinping era, for instance, the political world is seen as less friendly and cooperative strategies are viewed less favorably. In terms of tactics, the policy tools “threaten” and “promise” are viewed as significantly more useful by the current leadership than by past Chinese leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Australia's 2015 Defence White Paper: Seeking Strategic Opportunities in Southeast Asia to Help Manage China's Peacefiil Rise.
- Author
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LEE, JOHN
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *DIPLOMATIC history , *TWENTY-first century , *STRATEGIC planning , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *MILITARY policy ,AUSTRALIAN foreign relations, 1945- - Abstract
Australia's new government is committed to delivering the next defence white paper in 2015. The two previous white papers took a predominantly risk-management approach to Southeast Asia, generally ignored the strategic opportunities in the region, treated it as a stand-alone region largely unrelated to developments in East Asia and failed to link Australia's policies in Southeast Asia with the broader goal of helping to ensure greater strategic stability in Asia by putting constraints on Chinese assertiveness and encouraging its peaceful rise. After offering a summary of recent Australian defence thinking on Southeast Asia, this paper outlines why managing China is the key variable when it comes to strategic stability in the region. It then examines how China's strategy and behaviour can be shaped and influenced by events and relationships in Southeast Asia, and offers some suggestions as to the role Australia can seek to play in Southeast Asia that relates to Canberra's China-focused objectives and strategic stability in Asia more broadly If that can be achieved in the 2015 defence white paper, Australia - which is often criticized for being preoccupied primarily with managing the relationship with its superpower ally the United States - will demonstrate to itself and Asia that its heavy reliance on the ANZUS treaty is no barrier to strategic creativity in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Towards a Critical Pedagogy of Comparative Public Diplomacy: Pseudo-Education, Fear-Mongering and Insecurities in Canadian-American Foreign Policy
- Author
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Nelles, Wayne
- Abstract
Little research has examined public diplomacy as a comparative education issue, particularly regarding social-psychological, economic and political fears or personal and national insecurities. This paper discusses American public diplomacy as a mostly Cold War strategy adapted to post-9/11 national security interests, fears and desires. It further explores differences, similarities, and debates in Canadian media, policy documents and academia, in response to American political, economic and military pressures or demands for a "North American" (i.e. joint American-Canadian) security approach. From a critical pedagogy perspective the paper argues that modern public diplomacy has been a dubious, pseudo-educational, fear-mongering concept nurtured by academics, politicians and military leaders as part of an American foreign policy, military security and propaganda strategy. The paper further shows that post-9/11 Canada, problematically, adapted its own public diplomacy policies to serve American interests. Further research is needed to examine more closely public diplomacy's impacts on Canadian education. (Contains 1 note.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The 2013 Defence White Paper:Strategic Guidance Without Strategy.
- Author
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Frühling, Stephan
- Subjects
SELF-reliance ,NATIONAL security ,GOVERNMENT policy ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The 2013 Defence White Paper places greater emphasis than its predecessors on defence engagement, and begins to link regional security to the defence of Australia itself. It does not explain, however, what Australia has to do to achieve its objectives, or what commitments it would have to enter to do so. Overall, the White Paper moves towards a reinterpretation of 'self-reliance' that focuses more on the way in which Australia would operate in a coalition conflict, but developing a new defence strategy that links force structure, posture and employment to the achievement of Australia's strategic objectives is left to future White Papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
13. Education, Underdevelopment, Unnecessary War and Human Security in Kosovo/Kosova
- Author
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Nelles, W.
- Abstract
This paper examines educational linkages to persistent conflicts and contemporary security challenges in Kosovo. It reviews some historic foundations, debates and socioeconomic contexts concerning education as a security issue. It argues that poverty and underdevelopment coupled with failed diplomacy (particularly surrounding a 1996 ''Education Accord'')-with inappropriate militarized responses to disputes amidst broader and chronic lack of attention to education concerns-contributed to human rights abuses, violent civil conflict and a major war in 1999. Without justifying violence on either side, the paper shows how both Albanians and Serbs were both responsible for abuses in different periods while education was a contributing factor. The paper further discusses how education has (problematically) been part of the human security building and ''reconstruction'' process after NATO 1999 while many issues that led to international military intervention remain unresolved some 5 years later. It closes with some reflections on post-war or ''post-conflict'' education dilemmas, cooperation imperatives and new research challenges for Kosovo.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Movers and Doers: International Exchange, the International Knowledge System, and Public Policy.
- Author
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American Association of Univ. Professors, Washington, DC. and Spitzberg, Irving J.
- Abstract
The relationship between international knowledge exchange and the international exchange of persons, particularly through and to higher education systems, is examined. Higher education policy is discussed as one case of international knowledge exchange. Attention is directed to the following policy areas: immigration policy (particularly the McCarran-Walter Act), national security policy as it affects the exchange of persons, and the budgetary support of international exchanges and competing claims for the support of the international exchange of knowledge. Three examples of the international knowledge system in the area of higher education policy are discussed: the exchange of views among professorial organizations in North America and Europe; the nature of the process of response to conservative governments' approaches to retrenchment in the United States, Great Britain, and Europe; and the impact of American models of graduate and undergraduate education on a distance learning masters degree program operated cooperatively between the State University of New York at Buffalo and Alvan Okkoku College in Owerri, Nigeria. Implications of new modes of communication and computer technology on the international exchange of knowledge are also briefly addressed. (SW)
- Published
- 1984
15. U.S.-Soviet Relations: Testing Gorbachev's 'New Thinking.' Current Policy No. 985.
- Author
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Department of State, Washington, DC. Bureau of Public Affairs. and Armacost, Michael H.
- Abstract
Forty years ago, George F. Kennan advanced the doctrine of containment against Soviet encroachment throughout the world. The Soviet Union has evolved from a Eurasian land power into a global superpower. In an effort to create an international environment congenial to domestic reforms, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev has sought greater tranquility along Soviet borders. He seeks to exploit latent anti-nuclear sentiment in Europe and to challenge the conceptual underpinnings of Western deterrence. While an Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) agreement would represent a major victory for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), there are some who fear Gorbachev's moves represent a more subtle and effective means of removing the U.S. nuclear presence from Europe. This would leave a denuclearized Europe alone to face numerically superior Soviet conventional forces. These concerns can be dealt with by recognizing that NATO will need to retain a significant nuclear element in its strategy of flexible response. That element will be composed of nuclear warheads on INF aircraft and U.S. submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Gorbachev is also attempting to improve relations in the Far East and to exploit the turmoil in the Persian Gulf area. However, any significant change in the conduct of Soviet foreign policy will only gradually emerge. The future U.S.-Soviet relationship is likely to continue to contain elements of conflict and cooperation. A firm, consistent, and patient policy can help the U.S. attain its foreign policy goals. (SM)
- Published
- 1987
16. The Defence White Paper 2013 and Australia's Strategic Environment.
- Author
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Taylor, Brendan
- Subjects
MILITARY administration ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,MILITARY modernization (Equipment) ,MILITARY supplies ,NATIONAL security - Abstract
The depiction of Australia's strategic environment in the 2013 Defence White Paper has been one of its most favourably received elements. This article examines the White Paper's treatment of China's rise, and of the US-China relationship, the newly introduced construct known as the 'Indo-Pacific strategic arc', and the White Paper's renewed focus on defence engagement with Indonesia, and with Southeast Asia more generally, highlighting some of the challenges of this approach. While acknowledging the favourable reception that much of the analysis contained in the 2013 White Paper has received, the article concludes by observing that it may have over-corrected trying to redress the shortcomings of its 2009 predecessor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
17. Business as Usual? The 2013 Defence White Paper and the US Alliance.
- Author
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Schreer, Benjamin
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,GOVERNMENT policy ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
The 2013 White Paper reaffirms the centrality of the US Alliance for Australia. It identifies a number of concrete areas for future cooperation and provides the foundation for developing greater strategic ties with China while remaining firmly anchored in the US camp. It is less clear, however, when it comes to Australia's future contribution to burden-sharing within the Alliance. Putting actions behind the goal to play a greater role in Southeast Asia will be an important litmus test for the alliance relationship. In many ways, the White Paper reflects a phase of re-orientation in the Alliance: away from operations further afield towards the increasing security dynamics in Australia's own region. As the future of China's trajectory-and US-Sino strategic relations—is still very much uncertain, the 'hedging' approach taken White Paper's approach makes sense. What happens if US-Sino strategic relations become more competitive is left to another day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
18. National Defense University's Influence on U.S. National Security Policy: Case Study about the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction
- Author
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Rondeau, Ann E.
- Abstract
This dissertation touches on a series of events leading to an aspect of United States public policy dealing with weapons of mass destruction (WMD). After exploring the literature that describes the understanding of public policy, this paper uses the case study method to understand why and how a single research center and a particular set of circumstances and events led to the development of United States WMD elimination policy. The study is guided by two framing questions and three supporting questions. The framing questions are: 1. How did the National Defense University's Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD Center) influence U.S. policy? 2. How did the WMD Center's research influence the new policy and mission area for the Department of Defense's WMD elimination mission? The three supporting questions are: 3. Why is a U.S. policy on elimination of WMD necessary? 4. How did research inform policy on elimination of WMD? 5. Why did policy-changing research occur at the NDU Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction rather than at a similar institution of higher education? The dissertation posits that the WMD Center significantly influenced U.S. policy in ways accommodated by a collegial and collaborative culture of non-attribution and expertise providing a non-partisan environment committed to a practical outcome. Methodologically, the dissertation explores the nature of public policy development and research perspectives of policy analysis in theory and then takes a case study approach to coherently and logically understand the affects and effects of research influence on public policy in a specific place, time, and context. Specifically, this study then applies the case study approach to considering the environment, forces, and causes that contributed to the WMD Center's leadership role in creating the WMD elimination mission [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2010
19. Disarmament and Development: Security in an Interdependent World. Briefing 9.
- Author
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North-South Inst., Ottawa (Ontario).
- Abstract
Drawing on recent analyses carried out around the world, this paper demonstrates how economic and military insecurity feed on each other in various ways at both national and international levels. Following an introduction, material is presented in three parts. "The Military Sector and the Economy" outlines facts to demonstrate how military consumption of resources that would otherwise be available for economic and social development exacerbates resource-related tensions. Also examined are the hypothesis that military spending is good for the economy, the effect of military spending on inflation, and the economic effects of the arms trade. A second section examines the military's role in governments of developing nations. The third section outlines alternative approaches to security through multilateral initiatives and economic interdependence. (LP)
- Published
- 1985
20. The Universities and Canada's International Relations. A Brief from the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada to the Joint Committee on Canada's International Relations.
- Author
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Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
- Abstract
Presented is a brief written in response to a government discussion paper on competitiveness and security in Canada's international relations. The brief emphasizes that the universities must play a vital role in the development and pursuit of foreign policy and that the knowledge on which the nation's social and economic development increasingly depends transcends national boundaries. It agrees with the discussion paper that productivity and competitiveness are closely linked, and proposes that the universities contribute to productivity in a variety of important ways. The role of foreign students in enriching Canadian students' educational experience and contributing to the economy is stressed, but it is noted that differential fees for foreign and Canadian students and lack of long-term planning have caused foreign student enrollments to decline. The university's role in international relations is also found in the potential of its international studies programs, its support of development assistance efforts, and its ability to assist the national government in foreign aid policy development. (MSE)
- Published
- 1985
21. Government White Paper: China's National Defense in 2006.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *NUCLEAR disarmament , *NUCLEAR weapons , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
In this white paper the Chinese government assesses the security environment; defines, and elaborates on, its national defense policy including its commitment to the policy of no first use of nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances; and describes the defense situation and activities in 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The securitisation of foreign disinformation.
- Author
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Jackson, Nicole J.
- Subjects
DISINFORMATION ,CANADIAN federal government ,GOVERNMENT policy ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper analyses the Canadian government’s foreign and security policy responses to Russian disinformation in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war. It asks whether, how, and why the government has securitised the “crisis of Russian disinformation.” The paper first briefly reviews literature on the Copenhagen’s School’s “securitisation” theory and how it has been used to explain responses to other crises. It then adopts the framework to contextualise the Canadian federal government’s official rhetoric, and then to categorise government policies and actions. The sources consulted include government actors’ reports and stated intentions and policies from 2022 to 2024. Adopting a securitisation framework reveals that Russian disinformation has been rhetorically securitised by government actors as an existential threat to national security and democratic integrity which requires urgent action. Within a context of cascading risks, the government has taken a range of distinct yet reinforcing policies and actions, some more comprehensive than others. The paper argues that together this “pervasive rhetorical securitisation” and “ad hoc practical securitisation” comprise the Canadian government’s ongoing process of partial securitisation. This process is legitimising different methods of governance: security and warfare communications (to address threats to national defence and security), democratic resilience (to address threats to democracy), and, most controversially, blocking and sanctioning (to signal discontent to the Russian regime). The analysis further reveals that each approach has different benefits and limits. The paper concludes that the securitisation process is incomplete compared to the government's rhetoric, with no over-arching organisation or strategy. It outlines implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The White Paper takes to the water.
- Author
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Forissier, Pierre-François
- Subjects
GLOBALIZATION ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ARMED Forces ,SECURITY management ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
Facing the uncertainties resulting from global strategic changes, the White Paper on defence and national security demands a proactive and responsive approach. 'France's ambition is not to suffer the effects of uncertainty but to react, to think ahead.' It is driven by a need to modernise maritime assets, at the same time continuing to undertake multiple roles in response to the new challenges presented by globalisation. Refocusing the Navy on its combat missions, the White Paper reasserts the importance given to its maritime security operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
24. Technology Transfer Policy: Its Role as a Scientific and Technical Information Policy and Its Impact on Technological Growth.
- Author
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Mendelsohn, Loren D.
- Abstract
Examines the development of U.S. technology transfer and scientific and technical information policies since World War II as they relate to national security issues. Topics discussed include technology transfer policy, the position of the United States in high technology areas, the impact of U.S. policy, and policy recommendations. (40 references) (LRW)
- Published
- 1992
25. France, the White Paper and ESDP: strategic thinking for Europe?
- Author
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HOWORTH, JOLYON
- Subjects
STRATEGIC planning ,MILITARY readiness ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The publication of the French White Paper, the French presidency of the European Union and the plans to return France to NATO's integrated military structure offer a positive framework for the development of a European security strategy. Such a strategy is essential if the EU is to engage positively with the new American administration. Franco-British cooperation will be a crucial ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
26. The White Paper and national security policy.
- Author
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Thiéblemont, André
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,ARMED Forces ,NATIONAL security ,FEDERAL government ,SECURITY management ,MILITARY markets ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
With a confused and ambiguous nature and aim, and lacking rigorous methodology, thinking in preparation for the White Paper on defence and national security has obscured the scope and complexity of the work required to produce a comprehensive national security policy. This would, among other things, look at the phenomena that risk fuelling national disintegration, and take advantage of the armed forces' potential for improving social and cultural cohesion. But of course to do that they need greater visibility on the national landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
27. Environment and Security: Muddled Thinking.
- Author
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Deudney, Daniel
- Abstract
A feature of the growing discussion of the environmental issues in the United States is the use of language traditionally associated with violence and war to understand environmental problems and to motivate action. The idea of "environmental security" and its implications on spending and organizational priorities are discussed. (KR)
- Published
- 1991
28. Teaching about the Future of U.S.-Soviet Relations.
- Author
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Rose, William
- Abstract
Emphasizes the need to present students with conceptual frameworks that will enable them to understand and deal with changes, continuities, uncertainties, and contingencies. Describes a textbook that approaches the future of U.S.-Soviet relations from a framework of four different possible futures. Discusses programs using the text in teaching international relations, nuclear arms, and national security policy. (DK)
- Published
- 1991
29. Australia in the Asian Century: Australian Government's White Paper, Strong and Secure: A Strategy for Australia's National Security.
- Author
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Gupta, Arvind
- Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in Asia ,NATIONAL security ,HYPOTHESIS ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article discusses and reviews two documents titled "Australia in the Asian Century: Australian Government's White Paper" and "Strong and Secure: A Strategy for Australia's National Security". It mentions that "Australia in the Asian Century: Australian Government's White Paper" describes the three assumptions regarding the future economic position of Asia in the global landscape and its reduction of interdependence on other nations leading to negligible conflict.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The International Flow of Scientific and Technical Information.
- Abstract
Summarizes addresses at the second annual Forum on Federal Information Policies at the Library of Congress. These presentations explore the direction of federal information policy in terms of international influences, national security, differentiation between products and information, information technology, and other areas of interest to librarians and information scientists. (CLB)
- Published
- 1986
31. Managing East-West Conflict: A Framework for Sustained Engagement. Statement of the Aspen Institute International Group.
- Author
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Aspen Inst. for Humanistic Studies, New York, NY.
- Abstract
A framework containing general principles to help industrial democracies deal with the Soviet Union and its allies over the years and decades to come is presented. The direction advocated by the framework is one involving active, sustained, and positive engagement with the East. There are five major parts to the framework. Part I discusses the East-West relationship by examining Western and Soviet premises and priorities. Part II deals with the political relationship between East and West, and contends that the process of steadily increasing contacts and constructive interactions with the East must rest on the twin pillars of firmness and flexibility. Part III deals with the security relationship. Ways to reduce risks, maintain security, curb the arms race, and open a new channel of communication are discussed. International trade is the focus of Part IV which emphasizes that economic relations must be widened. The framework concludes with a discussion of how to cooperate by developing cultural and educational ties between the East and West, encouraging program exchanges, and using radio and television to present more positive images and attitudes for the youth of both countries. (RM)
- Published
- 1984
32. What about the Russians?
- Author
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Student/Teacher Organization to Prevent Nuclear War, Northfield, MA., United Campuses to Prevent Nuclear War (UCAM), Washington, DC., and Gottlieb, Sanford
- Abstract
Intended to help Americans resolve distrust of the Soviet Union in view of the current wave of concern about nuclear war, this booklet addresses Soviet actions over the decades and American reactions to the U.S.S.R. Because American interpretation of Soviet power and influence is central to any discussion of working with the Soviet Union, the text deals not only with military and political realities, but also with perceptions. Chapter 1 focuses on Soviet actions that have aroused distrust, while chapters 2 and 3 examine who is "really" ahead militarily and take a realistic look at Soviet expansionism. To put the situation in perspective, chapters 4, 5, and 6 objectively discuss Soviet fears, weaknesses, and foreign policy goals. Chapter 7 compares foreign interventions by the two superpowers, applying a single standard. In the final two chapters, the common interests of the two countries are considered and the Soviet record in keeping agreements is explored. The document concludes with a general summary, suggested readings, and a list of discussion questions. (LH)
- Published
- 1982
33. Arms Control and National Security: An Introduction. Advance Edition.
- Author
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Arms Control Association, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
Suitable for use with high school students, this booklet on arms control and national security provides background information, describes basic concepts, reviews recent history, and offers suggestions for further reading. The first section, on American attitudes toward national security and arms control, defines five types of limits on weapons systems, presenting examples of each. The second section, "U.S.-Soviet Strategic Competition," traces American attitudes toward the USSR and the use of nuclear weapons from the Truman Administration (1945-1952) to the Reagan Administration. Graphs depicting strategic arsenals of the superpowers and weapons and capabilities of the USSR and the United States are provided. A debate between students of two influential nuclear war theorists--Bernard Brodie and Herman Kahn--provides students with a look at key ideas of the two theorists. A third section focuses on the correlation of major world events and the strategic competition between the United States and the USSR. A fourth section discussing negotiations between the USSR and the United States focuses on the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) and the more recent Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START). The effects of nuclear weapons, the dangers of nuclear testing, chemical and biological weapons, nonproliferation, and theater nuclear weapons are the topics of the final section. A list of related readings and a glossary of arms control terms conclude the booklet. (LH)
- Published
- 1984
34. What about the Children? The Threat of Nuclear War and Our Responsibility To Preserve This Planet for Future Generations. Samantha Smith Edition.
- Author
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Parents and Teachers for Social Responsibility, Moretown, VT. and Hawkes, Glenn W.
- Abstract
The purpose of this booklet is to encourage global action that will protect children from the threat of nuclear war. A number of specific steps are suggested to reduce this threat, including: (1) finding 10 minutes per week to work on an anti-war project; (2) supporting anti-nuclear organizations; (3) joining anti-war organizations; (4) sharing pertinent information with others; (5) understanding a system; (6) organizing street lobbies; (7) utilizing the media; (8) challenging the experts; (9) pressuring public servants; (10) sponsoring a resolution or conference; and (11) engaging in citizen diplomacy. The booklet concludes with a list of organizations working for international peace. (SM)
- Published
- 1987
35. The Atlantic Alliance at 35. Foreign Policy Association Headline Series, No. 268.
- Author
-
Foreign Policy Association, New York, NY. and DePorte, A. W.
- Abstract
One in a series of booklets whose purpose is to stimulate greater and more effective understanding of world affairs among Americans, this six-chapter report examines the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) first 35 years and probes the extent to which the alliance can find common ground on the perennial issues of military doctrine, burden-sharing, global strategy, and international economics. "The Balance Sheet" outlines NATO's development. "The Security of the North Atlantic Area" looks at technology and nuclear strategies. "Grand Strategy?" identifies the areas in dealing with the Soviet threat. "The Third World" examines NATO responses outside its scope. "Economic Relations" looks at the severe economic problems of NATO. "The Future" considers the alliance's future. The "Talking It Over" section offers questions for students and discussion groups. The report includes maps, charts, and suggested readings. (TRS)
- Published
- 1984
36. Ethics and American Power: Speeches by Caspar W. Weinberger and George P. Shultz. Responses by Philip Geyelin, Smith Hempstone, Carl F. H. Henry, Thomas Molnar, Richard John Neuhaus, David D. Newsom, William V. O'Brien, Paul Seabury, Roger L. Shinn, Seymour Siegel, Edward Teller, Richard M. Nixon. Ethics and Public Policy Essay 59.
- Author
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Ethics and Public Policy Center, Washington, DC. and Lefever, Ernest W.
- Abstract
Two cabinet secretaries address the problems of when and how the United States should use military power. Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger emphasizes the importance of prudence and restraint in the use of military force in chapter 1: "The Uses of Military Power." Secretary of State George P. Shultz stresses the vital importance of readiness to back up diplomacy with military power in chapter 2: "The Ethics of Power." Twelve well-known Americans respond variously to the positions of Weinberger and Shultz in Chapters 3-14. Chapter titles and authors are: "The Weinberger-Shultz Debate Is Dangerous" (Philip Geyelin); "The Weinberger-Shultz Debate Is Beneficial" (Smith Hempstone); "Christian Morality and U.S. Power" (Carl F.H. Henry); "Rules That Paralyze Action" (Thomas Molnar); "The Moral Purpose of Foreign Policy" (Richard John Neuhaus); "Diplomacy and the Limits of Force" (David D. Newsom); "A Just and Limited U.S. Defense Policy" (William V. O'Brien); "Taking Necessary Risks" (Roger L. Shinn); "Without Force, Life Would Be Impossible" (Seymour Siegel); "When Shall We Fight and How?" (Edward Teller); and "Afterword: Third World War" (Richard M. Nixon). (JP)
- Published
- 1985
37. Crisis in the Philippines: A Threat to U.S. Interests.
- Author
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Ethics and Public Policy Center, Washington, DC. and Gregor, A. James
- Abstract
The special relationship between the United States and the Philippines is chronicled, and the potential threats to that relationship are exposed and evaluated. Special attention is paid to imposition of martial law by Marcos from 1972-1981. The human rights of the Filipino people during martial law, development programs implemented by Marcos during martial law, and the failure of those programs are reviewed. There is a chapter on the crisis following the assassination of Benigno Aquino and its implications for United States--Filipino economic and security relations. Currently, the greatest danger facing United States interests in the Philippines is the possibility of economic collapse. Recommendations for the United States to support its interests are given. A profile of the Philippines, a Philippine chronology from 1898 to the present, and an index are included. (APG)
- Published
- 1984
38. Prison treatment papers 'increase questions'
- Author
-
Chaffin, Joshua and Sevastopulo, Demetri
- Subjects
National security ,Law ,International relations ,Human rights ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
WASHINGTON -- White House attempts to clarify its approach to the treatment of detainees were questioned yesterday by campaigners who said documents released by the administration on Tuesday complicated the [...]
- Published
- 2004
39. White House publishes WMD papers
- Author
-
Alden, Edward
- Subjects
International relations ,National security ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
WASHINGTON -- The White House yesterday released portions of a top secret intelligence assessment prepared before the war in Iraq, arguing it presented 'a clear, compelling case' that Iraq was [...]
- Published
- 2003
40. Old and new Europe paper over the cracks POLAND, GERMANY AND FRANCE
- Author
-
Simonian, Haig
- Subjects
International relations ,National security ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
WROCLAW -- France, Germany and Poland took a step towards closer consultation on security and defence yesterday to prevent embarrassing splits between so-called Old and New Europe over US policy [...]
- Published
- 2003
41. China releases defense white paper
- Author
-
Crail, Peter and Gebben, Nik
- Subjects
China -- Military policy ,National security ,Nuclear arms control -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,International relations ,Military and naval science ,Political science - Abstract
China formally released its seventh defense white paper March 30, providing an overview of China's military strategy, its security threats, and its arms control policies. During a press briefing that [...]
- Published
- 2011
42. Global Telecommunications: Transborder Data Flow and the Role for Blacks.
- Author
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Randolph, Marc L. and Wade, Robert E.
- Abstract
Discusses legal, ethical, and economic aspects of free flow of information/data across national borders, as related to both developed and developing countries. Also explores the role of Blacks in telecommunications ownership and policy formation. (GC)
- Published
- 1984
43. The World We're Preparing Our Schoolchildren For.
- Author
-
Cleveland, Harlan
- Abstract
Reviews world conditions which support the development of a new, global "manifest destiny" for the United States. Lists five major threats to international security, in addition to positive signs of cooperation. Concludes with seven "attitudinal learnings" for American students, and are the hallmarks of future global leaders. (JDH)
- Published
- 1986
44. The Ideology of Freedom's 'Fragility' in American Foreign Policy Argument.
- Author
-
Ivie, Robert L.
- Abstract
Identifies five types of metaphors typically associated with the idea of "freedom" and discusses how they have formed the ideological core of an uncompromising foreign policy. States that the prevailing idea that freedom is "fragile" must be modified to construct a more balanced conception of national security. (GEA)
- Published
- 1987
45. The Nature and Direction of Recent Proposals and Recommendations for Foreign Language Education: A Response.
- Author
-
Lange, Dale L.
- Abstract
Recent reports and proposals for the improvement of foreign language education and general education (with implications for foreign language instruction) are examined and critiqued, and consideration is given to current developments for this field and the establishment of a national foundation for foreign languages and international studies. (CB)
- Published
- 1987
46. National Security in the Nuclear Age. A Conference for State Social Studies Coordinators on Pre-Collegiate National Security Education (Washington, DC, June 26-July 1, 1983).
- Author
-
Missouri Univ., St. Louis. Center for International Studies., Arms Control Association, Washington, DC., and Trout, B. Thomas
- Abstract
This conference report addresses education on national security and international relations in secondary school courses in the social studies. Main conclusions of the conference are: (1) Topics on national security should be added to the secondary school curriculum. (2) Current institutional and instructional settings are open to inclusion of national security topics into the curriculum. (3) State social studies coordinators are key actors in efforts to include national security in the secondary school curriculum. (4) Materials available for use in secondary school courses tend to be biased, doctrinaire, or overly technical and thereby unsuitable for the general education of citizens. (5) New instructional materials should be developed that are concept-based, clear, and balanced with respect to presentation of various points of view and avoidance of special pleading or promotion of causes. (6) Enduring curriculum improvement requires in-service education of teachers. (7) The subject matter of national security provides a common frame of reference for curriculum improvement, which might take various forms suitable to different regions or school districts. (8) Selection of development. (9) Appropriate points of entry exist for introduction of national security topics in the social studies curriculum. (10) Effective programs for curriculum change must address the role of the teacher. (11) There must be close collaboration between academic specialists in national security and specialists in curriculum and teaching to bring about enduring and effective reform of education about national security in secondary schools. (JP)
- Published
- 1983
47. U.S.-Soviet Relations Teacher's Guide: Special Focus.
- Author
-
Close Up Foundation, Arlington, VA. and Chibucos, Pamela E.
- Abstract
This teacher's guide provides student objectives, motivational devices, terms and concepts to know, student activities, evaluation ideas, and suggestions for using an accompanying four-part videotape series. An activity for chapter 1, "Differing World Views," divides the class into groups that list U.S.-Soviet differences in economic systems, population size and makeup, location and geography, political systems, and natural resources. The groups share their findings with the class. In chapter 2, "Evolution of U.S.-Soviet Relations," students work in pairs to assume the roles of a Soviet and U.S. citizen engaged in correspondence between the years 1920-1986. Students exchange letters based upon specified topics, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Cold War. An activity for chapter 3, "A Critical Issue: The Arms Race" helps students better understand the serious effects that perceptions and misperceptions have on one nation's dealings with another. For example, students discuss the shock and fright felt in the United States after the Sputnik launch in 1957. In chapter 4, "In Pursuit of Peace," there is an opportunity for students to participate in a mock summit meeting. The class is divided into small work groups that prepare position papers explaining their country's position on an issue. Then, the issue groups come together and negotiate on concessions or compromises that are consistent with the nation's past actions and philosophy. Realism is encouraged in the role play. (GEA)
- Published
- 1986
48. How to Think about Latin America.
- Author
-
Vaky, Viron P.
- Abstract
Vaky, former Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, presents an assessment of how the United States regards Latin America, how Latin America views the U.S., and how the two impact upon each other. Concludes that the security and leadership of the United States rests on collaboration with Latin America. (GEA)
- Published
- 1989
49. DRAFT PAPER ONLY!!! THIS PAPER IS A WORK IN PROGRESS. IT IS NOT FOR REPRODUCTION OR CITATION.
- Author
-
Nicol, Heather N.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *SOVEREIGNTY , *NATIONAL security , *MILITARISM , *CANADA-United States relations - Published
- 2011
50. Violation of territorial integrity as a tool for waging long-term hybrid warfare (against the backdrop of power games in the South Caucasus region).
- Author
-
Iskandarov, Khayal Ibrahim, Gawliczek, Piotr, and Soboń, Andrzej
- Subjects
POLITICAL realism ,NATIONAL security ,IRREGULAR warfare ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper seeks to examine the violation of territorial integrity as a stage of hybrid warfare. Grounded in the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism, this study analyses nations' foreign policy strategies considering both global and domestic factors. Employing primarily qualitative research, this study concentrates on a case study of the South Caucasus region. Against the backdrop of the war which broke out in the early 2022 between Russia and Ukraine, the preservation of territorial integrity emerges as an imperative aspect of national security policy. Despite the longstanding recognition of territorial integrity as a fundamental tenet of international law over the centuries, this war has galvanised all nations with regard to the violation of territorial integrity. The paper delineates the principles of territorial integrity vis-à-vis the national security of the South Caucasus countries, substantiating the assertion that violation of the territorial integrity of the particular countries in this region serves the interests of external actors, either directly or indirectly, and is employed as a strategic tool in the pursuit of protracted hybrid warfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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