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Innovative design of complex systems faces multi-contradiction (MC). The existing methods to solve MC are mainly based on the General Theory of Powerful Thinking (OTSM) which is independent of the classical Engineering Design Method (ED) to form the process model, they cannot inherit the accumulated knowledge and advantages of ED. This paper proposes a product innovation design process model for MC based on the function-structure model. It starts with an initial scenario of the system to build the function-structure model and MC network based on the root contradiction analysis. The network structure entropy and function importance decision methods are introduced for the trimming target confirming. The key contradiction-node is identified and solved by strategies of trimming based on internal and external resources of the system. The function-structure model in ED and trimming in TRIZ are combined to form an innovative design process for MC systems. The proposed method is evaluated in a case study of an innovative design of the girder bridge erector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the artificial intelligence (AI) concept for complex engineering design processes in the shipping industry. It is driven by the computer technologies advancement for fast and concurrent tasks processing, machine learnability, and data-centric approach. While AI has been adopted in many industries, it is still lacking the structured approaches for practical implementation. This is especially on the generality of the methodologies and explaining AI to the non-technical members and their preparedness. Therefore, this work proposed a conceptual framework to systematically extract, represent and visualize the ship design knowledge, to develop and deploy the machine learning (ML) models, and to demonstrate the AI-based ship design processes. Comparisons to the generic ship design model were made and discussed to highlight the improvements observed. It is found that while the conventional algorithmic approach procedures were faster in terms of execution time, the stepwise empirical models were often limited by the dataset and the design assumptions with restricted estimation capabilities for solving the nonlinear ship design problems. The findings presented the impact in improving the existing processes and effectively reducing its cycle. Additionally, the approach emphasised on the validated ship design data thus its generalization for fast and wide adoptions at scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Garden in Motion is a concept that was developed by Gilles Clément in the early 1980s as the result of the experimentation conducted in his garden-house, La Vallée. Clément’s interest in promoting this garden archetype based on managing neglected land led him to write a number of works in order to explain the conceptual underpinnings of his model, with the ultimate aim of having them published. From the writing of the first manuscripts, dating from 1984, to the first edition of “Le jardin en movement” in 1991, he produced a series of different documents that would form the basis of the text that was finally published. It was a long process in which Clément not only had to fully develop his ideas but also to overcome the difficulties involved in finding a company to publish what he called his ‘petit livre’. The aim of this article is to show the creative process behind Clément’s book and its relationship with the creative process of building his garden, while endeavouring to reply to the question of whether it is possible to establish an equivalence between both processes. This is made possible through the analysis of documents kept by Clément in his personal archive, some of which have never been published.

This document is a summary of a special issue in the journal Applied Sciences titled "Feature Review Papers in Mechanical Engineering." The issue covers various topics in mechanical engineering, including crank-slide actuating mechanisms, industrial robots, cellular manufacturing systems, shape memory alloys, and the application of Constructal theory. The articles explore the advancements, challenges, and potential solutions in these areas, aiming to enhance efficiency, adaptability, sustainability, and control in mechanical systems. The research presented in this special issue offers valuable insights and directions for further study in the field of mechanical engineering. [Extracted from the article]

The existence of Gardu Toll Otomatis (GTO), automatic toll payment, becomes a general model for every toll payment in Indonesia. Almost toll payment models in Indonesia have a paper printout as received which is often wasted. This condition happens since not all the driver needs a paper proof of the transaction. Therefore, the wasted paper will occur everywhere for 24 h. Furthermore, in this work the design of printout system using a more efficient printout model with rotation feeding method has developed printout system. In this work, the rotation mechanism system is applied through product design engineering through Industry 4.0. This system is made by removing the printout paper that remains present to the driver who needs it, but not wasted because of the driver who does not need it. There are three important steps as follows; in the first step, the printout paper appears in a special tray which is easy to reach and takes for those who need it. In the second step, the paper will remain in the tray for the driver who did not pick it up and final step, the tray with paper printout will rotate mechanically back into the GTO machine to be destroyed by a paper shredder. The experiment of the paper printout system has been carried out. The results show that the proposed approach produces a better accuracy and efficiency. Experimental results show the testing accuracy of 90%. The system confirms the effectiveness of the proposed paper printout system for the GTO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lluny d'emprar el terme transmèdia com un simple adjectiu que pot qualificar a certs substantius, actualment es pot considerar la transmedialitat com una veritable manera d'executar projectes abordant la complexitat de l'escenari mediàtic contemporani. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és definir la disciplina de Disseny Transmèdia mitjançant la descripció de les activitats de projecte i d'investigació desenvolupades en el Politècnic de Milà, amb especial atenció al projecte Plug Social TV. Plug Social TV és un projecte posat en marxa el 2013 en dos barris perifèrics de la ciutat de Milà amb la participació dels estudiants del curs de Disseny de Comunicació, dirigits per l'equip d'investigació Imagis Lab. L'objectiu principal del projecte és experimentar els processos i els instruments de comunicació que, a través de la construcció de mons narratius i la seva distribució estratègica i multicanal (analògica i digital), poden suportar la formació d'un diàleg entre els interessats presents en el territori.

The paper presents aspects regarding the structure, themes and content of graduation papers in the specialization of Industrial Design within Petru Maior University of Târgu Mures.

Engineered solutions are becoming more complex and multi‐disciplinary in nature. This evolution requires new techniques to enhance design and analysis tasks that incorporate data integration and interoperability across various engineering tool suites spanning multiple domains at different abstraction levels. Semantic web technologies (SWT) offer data integration and interoperability benefits as well as other opportunities to enhance reasoning across knowledge represented in multiple disparate models. This paper introduces the digital engineering framework for integration and interoperability (DEFII) for incorporating SWT into engineering design and analysis tasks. The framework includes three notional interfaces for interacting with ontology‐aligned data. It also introduces a novel model interface specification diagram (MISD) that provides a tool‐agnostic model representation enabled by SWT that exposes data stored for use by external users through standards‐based interfaces. Use of the framework results in a tool‐agnostic authoritative source of truth spanning the entire project, system, or mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the manufacture of a paper product, the application of wet-end additives and the adjustments of various conditions can have major effects on the physical and optical properties of the final paper. In this study, we prepared paper handsheets and investigated the effects of many process variables, including the type and amounts of cationic polyacrylamide and colloidal silica, in addition to temperature, duration of mixing, hydrodynamic shear, pH, and variations in electrical conductivity due to salt addition. The most important effects were attributable to variations in the amount, ionic charge, and molecular weight of cationic polyacrylamide, as well as the type and amount of colloidal silica. Many of the observed effects could be explained in terms of fiber flocculation, and the adverse effect of flocculation on the uniformity of the paper, a factor that significantly affected the physical properties. An understanding of the relationships between chemical variables, hydrodynamic shear, and other system variables can be helpful in selecting optimal operating conditions to meet process requirements as well as physical properties of the resulting paper. A statistical analysis was carried out, using normalized coordinates, to show which of the independent variables had significant effects on the response variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tot producte està pensat perquè es vengui a nombrosos consumidors potencials; per això, les responsabilitats associades a aquest procés són grans. Els compromisos mediambientals, socials i ètics dels dissenyadors industrials estan establint principis universals en un esforç comú per fomentar una societat sostenible i més harmoniosa.

The article discusses ways to teach engineering fundamentals with simple materials. Topics discussed include tips and tricks to use paper effectively to teach engineering principles to children, thousands of STEM/STEAM challenges available in books and online and working of Marina Bernasuli, Technology Coordinator at the Browning School, by using engineering with paper projects throughout the 2020-21 school year.

En aquest món en constant evolució, els objectes "intel.ligents" (amb tecnologia incrustada) han envaït la nostra vida quotidiana. Aquestes superfícies intel.ligents que emeten llum poden crear ambients o assistents de navegació de l'espai interior, a la vegada que ofereixen als dissenyadors opcions d'il.luminació sostenibles i flexibles. Quin efecte té la interacció amb aquestes superfícies il.luminades en l'experiència personal que es té dels ambients interiors?.

Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are very popular for point-of-care diagnostics, which provide a fast, cost-effective and possible multiplexed detection of a spectrum of molecules. They have been matching forward proudly to contribute to the modern analytical science and life science. Accompanying with their advantages and huge potentials, low detection sensitivity is continuing to challenge the application of PADs from bench to bedside. In order to improve the sensitivity and enhance the signal readout, variable signal amplification strategies have been investigated and applied for PADs. In this review, we have firstly classified formats of PADs according to the engineering design. Advances for improving sensitivity of PADs in recent five years are then summarised according to three popular types of signal amplification strategies (nanomaterial based, nucleic acid based, and engineering of PADs based). Pros and cons of each signal amplification approach have been discussed accordingly. Finally, the future perspectives of PADs are proposed. • Advances on signal amplification strategies to enhance sensitivity of paper based analytical devices (PADs) are outlined. • Three signal amplification strategies (nanomaterial, nucleic acid, and engineering of PADs based) are discussed. • The pros and cons of different signal amplification strategies are compared. • Future perspectives for signal amplification on PADs are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By far most PDA clients like to scrutinize the news through internet-based media over the web. The news locales are dispersing the data and giving the wellspring of approval. The request is the method for approving the news and articles which are flowed among online media like WhatsApp social occasions, Facebook Pages, Twitter, and other smaller than expected web diaries and relational connection areas. It is harmful for the overall population to acknowledge the pieces of tattle and claim to be data. The need for an hour is to stop the stories, especially in the arising countries like India, and focus on the right, checked reports. This paper shows a model and the methodology for fake news areas. With the help of Machine learning and standard language taking care of, it is endeavored to add up to the news and later choose if the news is certified or fake using Different Algorithms. The eventual outcomes of the proposed model are differentiated and existing models. The proposed model is working honorably and portraying the rightness of results up to extremely fine accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation – the pervasive incorporation of digital technology into virtually every process and system – is arguably the greatest force of change within the naval engineering community. Digital innovation is disrupting traditional ship design paradigms and giving rise to new ways of modernising and sustaining a future integrated force structure. This paper highlights digital transformation as a core strategic initiative that is aligned with the U.S. Department of Defense Digital Engineering Strategy. Recognising the need to expand the U.S. Navy's advantage over its competitors, this paper identifies foundational elements required to transform current engineering design and development processes. Next, a multi-factor framework is introduced to align traditional processes employed for physical system design and development with a new digital paradigm in recognition of the highly integrated nature of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Finally, discussion will focus on efforts underway to leverage advanced computational models and highlight the digital engineering use case for Naval Power and Energy Systems (NPES). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Robust probe is designed by engineering biomimic MOFs with specific pockets. • The probe gives "key-lock" identification and sensitive quantitative information. • Innovatively integrating the probe with filter paper could avoid ring-like deposit. • The well-distributed interface is harvested to reduce colorimetric signal fluctuation. • Self-adaptive signal model allows for monitoring pesticide in colored matrices. Excessive residual pesticides have raised overall environmental damage and health hazard issues, thus the development of facile and sensitive means for pesticide monitoring in different environmental field is desperately needed but challenging. In this work, a flexible paper-based colorimetry beating coffee-ring effect is achieved toward sensing environmental pesticide exposure in user-friendly mode. First, to circumvent poor performance of biomolecules, robust probe is designed by imprinting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with specific pockets, enabling to provide "key-lock" identification and sensitive quantitative information under harsh environment. Innovatively, integrating the MOF-mediated probe with filter paper, a well-distributed sensing interface is harvested to reduce colorimetric signal fluctuation for reliable detection properties, which is ascribed to superior wetting behavior of filter paper for avoiding ring-like deposit formation. Additionally, the uniform profile is simulated by Fluent numerical software. Further exploiting smartphone-assisted image acquisition and self-adaptive signal model, the simple-to-perform system exhibits good accuracy toward ppb-level thiacloprid free of colored background interference. A low limit of detection of 0.04 μM thiacloprid (corresponding to 0.01 μg g−1 by weight) is achieved. Moreover, it allows for in-filed monitoring thiacloprid exposure in agricultural wastewater, soil, fresh vegetables with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 92.7 % to 109.0 %, verifying the broad potential applications for point-of-use tracking of environmental pesticide and eventually bringing benefits to ecosystem protection in resource-deficient settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Origami is the art of creating a three-dimensional (3D) shape by folding paper. It has drawn much attention from researchers, and the designs that origami has inspired are used in various engineering applications. Most of these designs are based on familiar origami patterns and their known deformations, but origami patterns were originally intended for materials of near-zero thickness, primarily paper. To use the designs in engineering applications, it is necessary to simulate origami in a way that enables designers to explore and understand the designs while taking the thickness of the material to be folded into account. Because origami is primarily a problem in geometric design, this paper develops a geometric simulation for thick origami. The actuation, constraints, and assignment of mountain and valley folds in origami are also incorporated into the geometric formulation. The experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient and accurate. The method can successfully simulate a flat-foldable degree-four vertex, two different action origami, the bistable property of a waterbomb base, and the elasticity of non-rigid origami panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern design embraces digital augmentation, especially in the interplay of digital media content and the physical dispersion and handling of information. Based on the observation that small paper memos with sticky backs (such as Post-Its™) are a powerful and frequently used design tool, we have created Post-Bits, a new interface device with a physical embodiment that can be handled as naturally as paper sticky notes by designers, yet add digital information affordances as well. A Post-Bit is a design prototype of a small electronic paper device for handling multimedia content, with interaction control and display in one thin flexible sheet. Tangible properties of paper such as flipping, flexing, scattering, and rubbing are mapped to controlling aspects of the multimedia content such as scrubbing, sorting, or up- or downloading dynamic media (images, video, text). In this paperwe discuss both the design process involved in building a prototype of a tangible interface using new technologies, and how the use of Post-Bits as a tangible design tool can impact two common design tasks: design ideation or brainstorming, and storyboarding for interactive systems or devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the introduction of engineering design concepts in high school curriculum to make recycle paper. It highlights various factors which should be considered for the design problem which includes cost, safety consideration and thickness of the paper. It further mentions the materials and equipment which should be required for making the recycled paper including computers, blenders and rulers.

The author discusses focus of K-12 teacher to implement STEM into their curriculum and that the STEM activities can help teachers set an engineering tone for their classrooms and mentions paper-rocket activity which is engaging STEM project. Topics discussed include how students test and evaluate their rocket designs, engineering design process (EDP) taught by paper-rocket activity by engaging students and wide variety of paperrocket launcher designs..

This study is the first step of a research program organized to contribute to the dream of using recycled paper as a structural element for sustainable design in Civil Engineering. One of the important tasks is to understand the behavior of connections in paper materials. This study presents the results of experimental research carried out to investigate the behavior of paperboard laminate connections consisting of a single bolt in double shear. A simple and effective method to predict the bearing strength in bolted connection for paperboard laminates has been proposed. A total of 96 bolted connections were fabricated from paperboards oriented in both machine and cross direction. The effect of end distance and edge distance of bolt hole are investigated to address the limiting value for both variables. It was found that the failure is governed by both shear and bearing stresses developed around the hole. Finally, a straightforward design equation has been proposed for such connections. • Single bolt connections can be implemented on paperboard laminates. • Minimum end distance, and edge distance values should be 1.5 times the hole diameter. • Mixed-mode failure which is the combination of shear and bearing mode will govern. • Equation with max. radial compressive stress can be used conservatively for design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Special Issue on "Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2018" includes excellent papers presented at the IEEE ICASI 2018 regarding the "applied system innovation" topic. Mechanical engineering and design innovations are both academic and practical engineering fields, which involve systematic technological materialization through scientific principles and engineering designs. Technological innovations in mechanical engineering include IT-based intelligent mechanical systems, mechanics and design innovations, and applied materials in nanosciences and nanotechnology. The aim is to encourage the attendees at the IEEE ICASI 2018 to publish their experimental and theoretical research relating to applied system innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Origami/kirigami, the ancient art of paper folding and cutting techniques, has provided considerable inspiration for structural design routes in the engineering and medical fields over the last few decades. The practicability of the methods and concepts of origami/kirigami has been demonstrated in several emerging classes of technologies, e.g., stretchable electronics, deformable devices, self‐assembly fabrication, etc. More and more related products are produced pursuing a folding form for better storage, deformation capacity, and multifunction realization. Herein, the innovative creased patterns of origami/kirigami designs are distinguished and discussed, and the four most widely used creased pattern types are introduced, which may potentially provide origami/kirigami related inspiration and additional solutions toward many research fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital twin technology assists physical entities better to achieve functional perfection through the interactive cointegration of physical entities and virtual spaces. In this view, this paper proposes a digital twin inspired intelligent diagnosis method for bearing faults based on adaptive correlation filtering and an improved stack autoencoder (SAE) classification model. First, the adaptive correlation filtering algorithm is designed to filter the engineering signal in physical space, in which the noise-free ideal bearing fault signal spectrum in the virtual space is used as the comparison. In this filtering, the optimal cut-off frequency is determined adaptively with the condition that the similarity between the simulated spectrum and the engineering spectrum is maximized. Second, the Tan activation function is used in the SAE classification model to enhance the signal differentiation and avoid the problem of large computation of the traditional sigmoid function. Finally, the accuracy of the method in this study is verified on the basis of engineering experiments and Case Western Reserve University bearing fault dataset. Experimental results show that the method can achieve 100% correct diagnosis rate of bearing faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editor reflects on the special issue of the periodical which is based on the 2012 International Microwave Symposium held on June 17-22, 2012 in Montreal, Quebec. He mentions that due to increased number of submissions to the special issue, it has been divided into two issues the first one was published in December 2012, and the next one in January 2013. He adds that the aim behind including conference papers in the issue is to present results that might help improve engineering designs.

This document discusses the development of digital twin (DT) technologies and their application in the field of vehicle system dynamics. It explains that digital twin technologies are closely related to concepts such as Industry 4.0, IoT, and Big Data, and have become increasingly important in engineering tasks such as design optimization and predictive maintenance. The document emphasizes the need to understand the transition from virtual prototyping to digital twin methodologies, as well as the combination of vehicle dynamics modeling and data-based approaches in vehicle engineering applications. It also highlights that more research is needed in this area to improve the system architecture and developmental framework of digital twin techniques. The document concludes by inviting researchers to contribute further innovations and research papers on digital twins in Vehicle System Dynamics. [Extracted from the article]

This review shows the recent advances and state of the art in paper-based analytical devices (PADs) through the analysis of their integration with microfluidics and LOC micro- and nanotechnologies, electrochemical/optical detection and electronic devices as the convergence of various knowledge areas. The important role of the paper design/architecture in the improvement of the performance of sensor devices is discussed. The discussion is fundamentally based on μPADs as the new generation of paper-based (bio)sensors. Data about the scientific publication ranking of PADs, illustrating their increase as an experimental research topic in the past years, are supplied. In addition, an analysis of the simultaneous evolution of PADs in academic lab research and industrial commercialization highlighting the parallelism of the technological transfer from academia to industry is displayed. A general overview of the market behaviour, the leading industries in the sector and their commercialized devices is given. Finally, personal opinions of the authors about future perspectives and tendencies in the design and fabrication technology of PADs are disclosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate characterization of typhoon wind profile properties is of great importance in the field of wind engineering and wind design of high-rise structures. In this paper, the average typhoon wind profile characteristics are investigated using the 930 m height measurement data of Typhoon Lekima 2019 obtained from the observations of the mobile acoustic profiling radar deployed in the coastal area. Specifically, this paper adopts a cohesive hierarchical cluster analysis method to classify the mean wind profiles of Super Typhoon Lekima 2019, and the optimal number of clusters is obtained as two classes by the profile coefficient with the sum of squares of clustering errors, the Calinski–Harabasz index, and the Davies–Bouldin index, and the two classes of typical wind profiles are named as cluster 1 type and cluster 2 type. The model fitting analysis of the two types of typical wind profiles was carried out in the height range of 0~300 m after classification, and the effects of fitting the cluster 1-type mean wind profiles with the Vickery model and the Snaiki and Wu model and the cluster 2-type mean wind profiles with the Power-law model, the Log-law model, and the Deaves–Harris and Gryning models were discussed. The results show that the cohesive hierarchical cluster analysis method used in this paper can effectively categorize the mean typhoon profiles. In addition, this paper has some reference significance for future research on the characteristics of measured typhoon wind profiles and engineering applications such as the wind-resistant design of high-rise structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article uses lightweight J2EE tools based on B/S architecture to design an auto-generated paper management system. This system includes several modules, namely: user management, subject management, classification management, question entry, question management, paper generation, and paper management. The design process performs the analysis and composes the examination paper using an efficient algorithm with a high possibility of success. With this algorithm, the user needs to identify the subject, the question type and the difficulty level. From this input, the examination paper will be generated automatically. On the basis of a study of the JSP and Microsoft Word interface, we find that the system combines with Word very well. Therefore the editing of questions and answers is performed using Word and the final paper may be stored as “.doc” files. The system has characteristics such as easy operation, a good interface, good usability, high security, high stability, and reliability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With the rapid advancement of digital technology, three-dimensional designs of Grid Information Models (GIMs) are increasingly applied in the power industry. Addressing the challenges of extracting key parameters during the GIM's process for power grid equipment, this paper explores an innovative approach that integrates artificial intelligence with image recognition technologies into power design engineering. The traditional methods of "template matching, feature extraction and classification, and symbol recognition" have enabled the automated processing of electrical grid equipment engineering drawings, allowing for the extraction of key information related to grid equipment. However, these methods still rely on manually designed and selected feature regions, which limits their potential for achieving full automation. This study introduces an optimized algorithm that combines enhanced Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Depth-First Search (DFS) strategies, and is specifically designed for the automated extraction of crucial GIM parameters from power grid equipment. Implemented on the design schematics of power engineering projects, this algorithm utilizes an improved CNN to precisely identify component symbols on schematics, and continues to extract text data associated with these symbols. Utilizing a scene text detector, the text data are matched with corresponding component symbols. Finally, the DFS strategy is applied to identify connections between these component symbols in the diagram, thus facilitating the automatic extraction of key GIM parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that this optimized algorithm can accurately identify basic GIM parameters, providing technical support for the automated extraction of parameters using the GIM. This study's recognition accuracy is 91.31%, while a traditional CNN achieves 71.23% and a Faster R-CNN achieves 89.59%. Compared to existing research, the main innovation of this paper lies in the application of the combined enhanced CNN and DFS strategies for the extraction of GIM parameters in the power industry. This method not only improves the accuracy of parameter extraction but also significantly enhances processing speed, enabling the rapid and effective identification and extraction of critical information in complex power design environments. Moreover, the automated process reduces manual intervention, offering a novel solution in the field of power design. These features make this research broadly applicable and of significant practical value in the construction and maintenance of smart grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Misalignment of mechanical rolling elements such as belt and pulley causes catastrophic malfunctions of high speed paper feeding systems like automated teller machines (ATMs), printers, and copy machines. A combination of a crown pulley and a belt can be an effective self-alignment mechanism for the systems. In this paper, an equation of motion of the belt and pulley system is driven, verification tests are carried out, and a design improvement strategy is suggested for high speed paper media transport systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Paper Table project using engineering principles. It mentions that the paper table projects will explore geometry and measurement through polygons and three dimensional figures. It adds that paper table designs projects offers a student understanding of the engineering designs through summative, formative and performance assessments.

The recent rise of methods using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has led to similar problems. Although the title was relatively narrow, the editorial addressed the general issue of papers that concentrated on the numerical method development without much relation to rock mechanics or rock engineering. [Extracted from the article]

Torsional oscillations greatly affect performance and. determine the bandwidth (BW) and damping of speed loops. Backlash due to gear reducers can also contribute to the triggering of oscillations, especially when the drive runs at very low load torque. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of these effects in typical electromechanical drive trains applied to paper machine sections. The cases evaluated consider torsional oscillations in two-mass and three-mass systems, and the effect of shaft diameter and length on the resonant frequencies of three typical paper machine sections. Time-domain response plots are evaluated to show the effect of speed response overshoot, reducer backlash, and step or ramp speed commands. Based on these results, mechanical design guidelines are given for the most significant drive train components in order to minimize torsional oscillations of the speed-controlled drive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]