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2. Synergized N, P dual-doped 3D carbon host derived from filter paper for durable lithium metal anodes.
- Author
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Lu, Chengyi, Tian, Meng, Wei, Chaohui, Zhou, Junhua, Rümmeli, Mark H., and Yang, Ruizhi
- Subjects
- *
FILTER paper , *ANODES , *METALS , *CARBON , *LITHIUM - Abstract
[Display omitted] Lithium metal is deemed a promising anode material for the next-generation batteries with high specific energy. Unfortunately, the growth of Li dendrites and infinite volume change during cycling, caused by the "hostless" feature of metallic Li, have posed a great challenge to the commercialization of Li metal anode. The introduction of appropriate host materials for Li metal is highly desirable. In this work, a N, P dual-doped 3D carbon derived from low-cost quantitative filter paper (NPCQP) is designed and fabricated for direct using as a host for Li metal anode. The resulting NPCQP host achieves a high deposition/stripping Coulombic efficiency of above 97.5 % with a low nucleation overpotential. Moreover, the NPCQP@Li symmetric cells enable an excellent long-term cycling performance (1000 h) with an ultralow voltage hysteresis (12 mV) and stable interface behavior. When paired with the commercial LiFePO 4 cathode, the full cell with NPCQP@Li anode displays impressive long-term cyclic stability and rate capability, outperforming the counter cell with bare Li anode. This contribution sheds light on the rational design of viable host for practical lithium metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. Improved performance of thermoelectric power generating paper based on carbon nanotube composite papers
- Author
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Ayumu Miyama and Takahide Oya
- Subjects
Carbon nanotube ,Thermoelectric power generation ,Doping ,Carbon-nanotube-composite paper ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
We propose two techniques to improve the power generating performance of the “thermoelectric power generating paper” based on carbon nanotube (CNT) that we reported in our previous study. First, we remove the excess amount of dispersant (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS) in the sample by immersing the sample in nitric acid under a suitable condition (e.g., only SDS is expected to be decomposed and removed, but CNT and pulp are retained), thus improving the conductivity of the paper. Second, we dope the contained CNT in the composite paper by adsorbing KOH and 18-Crown-6 molecule physically so that it exhibits an n-type characteristic. In thermoelectric power generation, a large electromotive force can generally be obtained by combining p-type and n-type semiconductors. The semiconducting CNT is known to exhibit a p-type property normally because of O2 adsorption in the air, so we tried to make an n-type semiconducting paper. As a result, we succeeded in obtaining the n-type semiconducting paper, and the paper maintained the property for at least 45 days. Finally, we multi-staged the modified paper for a demonstration of power generation and measured the performance. The results showed that the multi-staged thermoelectric power generating paper had up to 10.0 mV of electromotive force and 0.31 mA of short-circuit current. This unique thermoelectric power generating paper has great potential for use in daily life by combining it with existing products made from paper.
- Published
- 2022
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4. Preparation and characterization of colorful graphene oxide papers and flexible N‐doping graphene papers for supercapacitor and capacitive deionization
- Author
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Ying Yuan, Haichuan Zhang, Hao Zhang, Di Zheng, Geng Zhuning, Fang Zhang, Guanghe Li, Aiyang Li, and Yuquan Wei
- Subjects
Supercapacitor ,TK1001-1841 ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Graphene ,Capacitive deionization ,energy storage ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Doping ,colorful graphene oxide ,Oxide ,Nanotechnology ,Energy storage ,Characterization (materials science) ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations ,chemistry ,law ,Materials Chemistry ,supercapacitor ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,flexible graphene paper ,N‐doped graphene - Abstract
An efficient method that utilizes simple techniques, easy operation, and low‐cost production to create flexible graphene‐based materials is a worthy practical challenge. A rapid strategy for preparing flexible, functional graphene oxide (GO) is introduced using GO‐ethanol dispersion filtration. The filtration process is highly efficient and drying time is significantly reduced by employing ethanol as solvent, due to the fact that ethanol is a volatile liquid. Freestanding GO papers can be harvested with ultralarge size (700 cm2), color variety, and writable characteristics. After reduction, N‐doped graphene (NDG) papers still maintain good foldability with improved electric conductivity and porous structure. When used as an electrode for a supercapacitor, the flexible NDG paper device demonstrates good electrochemical performance even with size expansion and extreme double folding. Moreover, this NDG paper capacitor device shows a good electrosorption performance for capacitive deionization of sulfate and chromate in groundwater system. These flexible GO and NDG papers promise potential to facilitate the production of graphene‐based materials for practical applications in energy and environmental related fields.
- Published
- 2020
5. The in situ grown of activated Fe-N-C nanofibers derived from polypyrrole on carbon paper and its electro-catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction
- Author
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Sun, Min, Wu, Xiaobo, Liu, Chunbo, Xie, Zhiyong, Deng, Xiaoting, Zhang, Wei, Huang, Qizhong, and Huang, Boyun
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Paper Doped with Polyacrylonitrile Fibres Modified with 10,12–Pentacosadiynoic Acid
- Author
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Konrad Olejnik, Elżbieta Sąsiadek, and Marek Kozicki
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Technology ,Materials science ,modified polyacrylonitrile fibres ,02 engineering and technology ,Radiation ,010402 general chemistry ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,security system ,ultraviolet radiation sensor ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,functionalized cellulosic material ,Spectrophotometry ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,Irradiation ,Cellulose ,Microscopy ,QC120-168.85 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,paper ,Doping ,QH201-278.5 ,Polyacrylonitrile ,security fibres ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,0104 chemical sciences ,TK1-9971 ,Wavelength ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TA1-2040 ,0210 nano-technology ,Ultraviolet - Abstract
This work reports a modification of a fibrous cellulose material (paper) by the addition of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres doped with 10,12–pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA). The fibres are sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. When the paper containing PAN–PDA is irradiated with UV light it changes colour to blue as a consequence of interaction of the light with PDA. The colour intensity is related to the absorbed dose, content of PAN–PDA fibres in the paper and the wavelength of UV radiation. The features of the paper are summarised after reflectance spectrophotometry and scanning microscopy analyses. All the properties of the modified paper were tested in accordance with adequate ISO standards. Moreover, a unique method for assessing the unevenness of the paper surface and the quality of printing was proposed by using a Python script (RGBreader) for the analysis of RGB colour channels. The modification applied to the paper can serve as a paper security system. The modified paper can act also as a UV radiation indicator.
- Published
- 2021
7. Development of novel paper-based supercapacitor electrode material by combining copper-cellulose fibers with polyaniline.
- Author
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Chang, Ziyang, Zheng, Shuo, Han, Shouyi, Qian, Xueren, Chen, Xiaohong, Wang, Haiping, Liang, Dingqiang, Guo, Daliang, Chen, Yanguang, Zhao, Huifang, and Sha, Lizheng
- Subjects
- *
SUPERCAPACITOR electrodes , *POLYANILINES , *CELLULOSE fibers , *BIOPOLYMERS , *FLEXIBLE electronics , *FIBERS , *ENERGY storage - Abstract
Along with the developing of flexible electronics, there is a strong interest in high performance flexible energy storage materials. As natural carbohydrate polymer, cellulose fibers have potential applications in the area due to their biodegradability and flexibility. However, their conductive and electrochemical properties are impossible to meet the demands of practical applications. In this study, cellulose fibers were combined with polyaniline to develop novel paper-based supercapacitor electrode material. Cellulose fibers were firstly coordinated to Cu(II) and subsequently involved in polymerization of polyaniline. Not only the mass loading of polyaniline was significantly increased, but also an impressive area specific capacitance (2767 mF/cm2 at 1 mA/cm2) was achieved. The developed strategy is efficient, environmentally friendly, and has implications for the development of cellulosic paper-based advanced functional materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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8. Direct Analysis of Doping Agents in Raw Urine Using Hydrophobic Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry
- Author
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Dmytro S Kulyk, Emelia Ansu-Gyeabourh, Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah, Taghi Sahraeian, Eduardo Luiz Rossini, Helena Redigolo Pezza, Ohio State University, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Paper ,diuretic ,Urine ,doping ,010402 general chemistry ,Mass spectrometry ,01 natural sciences ,Mass Spectrometry ,Article ,Anabolic Agents ,Limit of Detection ,Structural Biology ,Humans ,Sample preparation ,paper modification ,Direct analysis ,Spectroscopy ,Doping in Sports ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Doping ,Reproducibility of Results ,0104 chemical sciences ,analytical methods ,anabolic agent ,paper spray ionization ,Linear Models ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:09:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-03 In this study, the direct analysis of doping agents in urine samples with no sample preparation by a modified paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) methodology has been demonstrated for the first time. We have described a paper surface treatment with trichloromethylsilane using a gas-phase reaction to increase the ionization of target compounds. This approach was applied for the analysis of two classes of banned substances in urine samples: anabolic agents (trenbolone and clenbuterol) and diuretics (furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide). Under optimized conditions, the developed methods presented satisfactory repeatability, and an analysis of variance showed linearity without lack-of-fit. Highly sensitive detections as low as sub-nanogram per milliliter levels, which is below the minimum required performance levels proposed by the World Anti-Doping Agency, have been reached using the hydrophobic PS-MS analysis without any preconcentration and cleanup step. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue Institute of Chemistry Department of Analytical Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Professor Francisco Degni 55 ,P.O. Box 355 Institute of Chemistry Department of Analytical Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Professor Francisco Degni 55 ,P.O. Box 355
- Published
- 2020
9. Paper platform for determination of bumetanide in human urine samples to detect doping in sports using digital image analysis.
- Author
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Luiz, Vitor Hugo Marques, Lima, Liliane Spazzapam, Rossini, Eduardo Luiz, Pezza, Leonardo, and Pezza, Helena Redigolo
- Subjects
- *
IMAGE analysis , *URINE , *DIGITAL-to-analog converters , *ELECTRONIC paper , *DIGITAL images , *MATRIX effect , *FILTER paper - Abstract
Development and application of a new, simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly method is presented for the quantification of bumetanide in human urine samples for the detection of doping in sports. The method involves the use of a paper platform and digital image detection and is based on the reaction between bumetanide, p -dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (p -DAC), and HCl in a methanolic medium, yielding a colored compound in a delimited area on a qualitative filter paper. The concentrations of p- DAC and HCl were optimized by a chemometric experimental design. After the addition of the reagents to the paper, digital images were obtained by scanning in a multifunctional printer and analyzed using the RGB pattern. The linear bumetanide concentration range was 6.90 × 10−5–1.37 × 10−3 mol L−1 with R 2 = 0.993 and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 3.60 × 10−4 and 1.09 × 10−4 mol L−1, respectively. A SPE clean-up step for the samples were required to eliminate the interference of urinary urea. The recoveries obtained varied from 94% to 105%, indicating the absence of significant matrix effects or interferences in urine samples after clean-up step. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of bumetanide in human urine samples. • Spot test employing a paper platform delimited with hydrophobic barriers • μPAD associated with digital image detection for bumetanide determination • Determination of bumetanide in urine samples for doping sports • The method represents an advantageous alternative to most of the reported methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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10. Effect of Ce and Sb doping on microstructure and thermal/mechanical properties of Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solder
- Author
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Liu, Fang, Wang, Zilong, Zhou, JiaCheng, Wu, Yuqin, and Wang, Zhen
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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11. Enhanced mechanical properties and thermal stability of cellulose insulation paper achieved by doping with melamine-grafted nano-SiO2.
- Author
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Tang, Chao, Zhang, Song, Wang, Xiaobo, and Hao, Jian
- Subjects
ELECTRIC transformers ,POLYMERIZATION ,CELLULOSE ,MOISTURE ,MELAMINE - Abstract
In the long-term operation of power transformer, the traditional cellulose insulation paper undergoes aging phenomena, making it difficult for this type of paper to meet severe insulation requirements. In this study, cellulose is modified by doping with melamine-grafted nano-SiO
2 , and cellulose/water (C-H2O), nano-SiO2 -modified cellulose/water (CN-H2O) and melamine-grafted nano-SiO2 -modified cellulose/water (CAN-H2O) models are developed. The results show that the mechanical properties of CN-H2O and CAN-H2O are improved relative to those of C-H2O and that CAN-H2O exhibits the best mechanical properties. Furthermore, the glass transition temperatures of CN-H2O and CAN-H2O are, respectively, 39 and 69 K, higher than that of C-H2O. Near the glass transition temperature, the mean square displacement of the water molecules changes considerably. Therefore, increasing the glass transition temperature and thus the thermal stability of cellulose can be achieved by modifying cellulose with melamine-grafted SiO2 nanoparticles. Experimental studies show that with an increase in the aging time, the moisture content in the modified insulation paper will be less than that in the unmodified insulation paper, while the tensile strength, degree of polymerization (DP) and breakdown strength were greater than that in the unmodified insulation paper. In particular, the melamine-grafted nano-SiO2 -modified insulation paper has the lowest moisture content and highest tensile strength DP and breakdown strength during the entire aging time. Thus, this study shows that the thermal stability and electrical characteristics of the melamine-grafted nano-SiO2 -modified insulation paper is the highest at both the microscopic and macroscopic levels, indicating that this insulation paper could meet the insulation performance requirements of large transformers under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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12. Study of the durability and sustainability of fluorescent nanosensors based on cellulose nanocomposites incorporated with various carbon dots
- Author
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Rahmandoust, Moones, Sharifikolouei, Elham, Lassnig, Alice, and Zoghi, Sepideh
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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13. Organic Thin Paper of Cellulose Nanofiber/Polyaniline Doped with (±)-10-Camphorsulfonic Acid Nanohybrid and Its Application to Electromagnetic Shielding
- Author
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Chi Hoong Chan, Taku Omura, Haruo Nishida, and Minato Wakisaka
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Doping ,General Chemistry ,Article ,lcsh:Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Nanofiber ,Electromagnetic shielding ,Polyaniline ,Optoelectronics ,Cellulose ,business ,10-camphorsulfonic acid - Abstract
A superior electrical conductivity of 38.5 S/cm and an electromagnetic shielding (EMS) effectiveness of −30 dB (−545 dB/mm) across a wide frequency range of 0–15 GHz, including the X-band, were achieved with thin organic paper of (55 μm) cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/polyaniline (PANI) doped with (±)-10-camphorsulfonic acid nanohybrid. Both electrical conductivity and EMS effectiveness of the PANI-coated CNF were strongly affected by the amount and type of dopant, which could be tunable after fabrication process via simple in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline. Flexible and free-standing film was obtained, since CNF provides good mechanical property without diminishing the electrical property of PANI.
- Published
- 2019
14. Application of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles in TiO2-SiO2 Composite as an Efficient Solar-Activated Photocatalyst: A Review Paper
- Author
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Collin G. Joseph, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap, Baba Musta, Mohd Sani Sarjadi, and L. Elilarasi
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Materials science ,dye ,business.industry ,Doping ,Composite number ,TiO2-SiO2 ,Nanotechnology ,General Chemistry ,Solar energy ,visible region ,lcsh:Chemistry ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Photocatalysis ,Degradation (geology) ,plasmonic metal nanoparticles ,Metal nanoparticles ,business ,photocatalysis ,Plasmon - Abstract
Over the last decade, interest in the utilization of solar energy for photocatalysis treatment processes has taken centre-stage. Researchers had focused on doping TiO2 with SiO2 to obtain an efficient degradation rate of various types of target pollutants both under UV and visible-light irradiation. In order to further improve this degradation effect, some researchers resorted to incorporate plasmonic metal nanoparticles such as silver and gold into the combined TiO2-SiO2 to fully optimize the TiO2-SiO2’s potential in the visible-light region. This article focuses on the challenges in utilizing TiO2 in the visible-light region, the contribution of SiO2 in enhancing photocatalytic activities of the TiO2-SiO2 photocatalyst, and the ability of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (Ag and Au) to edge the TiO2-SiO2 photocatalyst toward an efficient solar photocatalyst.
- Published
- 2021
15. Electrochromic Type E-Paper Using Poly(1H-Thieno[3,4-d]Imidazol-2(3H)-One) Derivatives by a Novel Printing Fabrication Process
- Author
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Hirofumi Tanabe, Yoshiro Kondo, Hidetoshi Kudo, Kirihiro Nakano, and Tomiaki Otake
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Fabrication ,Materials science ,Electrochemistry ,lcsh:Technology ,Article ,electronic papers ,conductive polymers ,printable electronics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polymer chemistry ,General Materials Science ,lcsh:Microscopy ,lcsh:QC120-168.85 ,Conductive polymer ,Good memory ,lcsh:QH201-278.5 ,lcsh:T ,Doping ,Monomer ,chemistry ,Polymerization ,Electrochromism ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
In this study, we report poly(1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-2(3H)-one) (pTIO) derivatives for an electrochromic (EC) type e-paper and its novel printing fabrication process. pTIO is a kind of conductive polymer (CP) s which are known as one of the EC materials. The electrochromism of pTIO is unique, because its color in doped state is almost transparent (pale gray). A transparent state is required to show a white color in a see-through view of an EC type e-paper. An electrochromism of CP has a good memory effect which is applicable for e-paper. The corresponding monomers of CP are able to be polymerized with an electrochemical method, which be made good use of for the fabrication process of e-paper. pTIO derivatives are copolymerized with other pi-conjugated X unit, which adjusts the color of electrochromism. Finally, we fabricated a segment matrix EC display using pTIO derivatives by ink-jet printing.
- Published
- 2011
16. Doping as a barrier in universal acceptance of esports
- Author
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Gupta, Dishant, Sharma, Harsh, and Gupta, Manali
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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17. A Simple Paper-based Secondary Standard for Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis
- Author
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J. Hüller, B. Borchers, R.A. Jarjis, M. Mäder, and C. Neelmeijer
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Fabrication ,Spectrometer ,Stability test ,Chemistry ,Doping ,Homogeneity (physics) ,Analytical chemistry ,Paper based ,X ray analysis ,Instrumentation ,Spectral line ,Computational physics - Abstract
A secondary multielement standard for energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been developed. The standard consists of high purity paper doped from solution with selected compounds generating characteristic X-ray lines of similar intensities within the energy region 1.5–15 keV. This standard will provide means for a simplified calibration procedure allowing regular stability testing of efficiency curves for X-ray spectrometers. The rationale and the fabrication process of the paper-based standard are described. The elemental homogeneity and stability under ion-bombardment were tested macroscopically and microscopically. The results include numerical data, spectra, elemental distribution maps and line scans. It is concluded that under typical experimental conditions the developed standard exhibits suitable homogeneity and stability for routine X-ray analyses and that it has the potential for inter-laboratory comparisons.
- Published
- 1998
18. On performance limitations and property correlations of Al-doped ZnO deposited by radio-frequency sputtering:Paper
- Author
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Daniel Kjær, Eugen Stamate, Jørgen Schou, Tobias Ottsen, Ole Hansen, and Andrea Crovetto
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Electron mobility ,Materials science ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,Analytical chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (electronics) ,Stress ,01 natural sciences ,Stress (mechanics) ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Bombardment ,Sputtering ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,0103 physical sciences ,Texture (crystalline) ,010302 applied physics ,Condensed matter physics ,Correlations ,Doping ,ZnO ,AZO ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Grain size ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Line profile analysis ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The electrical properties of RF-sputtered Al-doped ZnO are often spatially inhomogeneous and strongly dependent on deposition parameters. In this work, we study the mechanisms that limit the minimum resistivity achievable under different deposition regimes. In a low- and intermediate-pressure regime, we find a generalized dependence of the electrical properties, grain size, texture, and Al content on compressive stress, regardless of sputtering pressure or position on the substrate. In a high-pressure regime, a porous microstructure limits the achievable resistivity and causes it to increase over time as well. The primary cause of inhomogeneity in the electrical properties is identified as energetic particle bombardment. Inhomogeneity in oxygen content is also observed, but its effect on the electrical properties is small and limited to the carrier mobility.
- Published
- 2016
19. Phosphorus‐Doping‐Induced Optimization of Atomic Hydrogen Binding Energy in MoSe2 under High Coverage for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reactions.
- Author
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Zhang, Long, Li, Jiang, Yang, Zehui, Sun, Lan, Chen, Guanjun, An, Wangcong, Cheng, Hanyue, Wang, Hongbo, Wang, Xingang, Chen, Yongnan, and Ma, Fei
- Subjects
HYDROGEN evolution reactions ,HYDROGEN as fuel ,ATOMIC hydrogen ,BINDING energy ,ULTRACOLD molecules ,CARBON paper ,OXYGEN evolution reactions ,ELECTROCATALYSTS - Abstract
Self‐standing two‐dimensional P‐doped molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) nanosheets were synthesized on carbon fiber paper (CFP) (P‐doped MoSe2/CFP) using a hydrothermal reaction followed by phosphorization and were subsequently used as a high‐efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst. Nanosheet aggregation was remarkably inhibited, and numerous active sites were exposed. The H adsorption and desorption capacities of MoSe2 were optimized by doping P atoms in the MoSe2 lattice. Electrochemical testing indicated that the overpotential (η50) required by P‐doped MoSe2/CFP was only 186 mV, which was much lower than that of the as‐prepared MoSe2/CFP (237 mV). The Tafel slope of P‐doped MoSe2/CFP was 54.3 mV ⋅ dec−1, which was remarkably lower than that of the as‐prepared MoSe2/CFP (79.8 mV ⋅ dec−1). The Gibbs energy of the H atoms adsorbed on P‐doped MoSe2 (ΔGH*) reached the lowest value (0.202 eV) when the hydrogen coverage (θH) was 75 %. For MoSe2, the lowest ΔGH* value was 0.296 eV when θH was 25 %. The adsorption and desorption of H atoms at the active sites of P‐doped MoSe2 occurred easier than at the active sites of MoSe2. Moreover, the P doping effect facilitated the formation of more Hads species during the Volmer reaction and substantially accelerated the kinetics of the HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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20. High‐Density Oxygen Doping of Conductive Metal Sulfides for Better Polysulfide Trapping and Li2S‐S8 Redox Kinetics in High Areal Capacity Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
- Author
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Yiyi Li, Haiwei Wu, Donghai Wu, Hairu Wei, Yanbo Guo, Houyang Chen, Zhijian Li, Lei Wang, Chuanyin Xiong, Qingjun Meng, Hanbin Liu, and Candace K. Chan
- Subjects
doping ,free‐standing paper ,kinetics ,lithium polysulfide (LiPS) ,lithium‐sulfur batteries ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Exploring new materials and methods to achieve high utilization of sulfur with lean electrolyte is still a common concern in lithium‐sulfur batteries. Here, high‐density oxygen doping chemistry is introduced for making highly conducting, chemically stable sulfides with a much higher affinity to lithium polysulfides. It is found that doping large amounts of oxygen into NiCo2S4 is feasible and can make it outperform the pristine oxides and natively oxidized sulfides. Taking the advantages of high conductivity, chemical stability, the introduced large Li–O interactions, and activated Co (Ni) facets for catalyzing Sn2–, the NiCo2(O–S)4 is able to accelerate the Li2S‐S8 redox kinetics. Specifically, lithium‐sulfur batteries using free‐standing NiCo2(O–S)4 paper and interlayer exhibit the highest capacity of 8.68 mAh cm–2 at 1.0 mA cm–2 even with a sulfur loading of 8.75 mg cm–2 and lean electrolyte of 3.8 µL g–1. The high‐density oxygen doping chemistry can be also applied to other metal compounds, suggesting a potential way for developing more powerful catalysts towards high performance of Li–S batteries.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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21. Molecular dynamics simulations of the effect of shape and size of SiO2 nanoparticle dopants on insulation paper cellulose
- Author
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Song Zhang, Xu Li, Chao Tang, and Qu Zhou
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Nanocomposite ,Materials science ,Dopant ,Doping ,Composite number ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanoparticle ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,0103 physical sciences ,natural sciences ,Particle size ,Cellulose ,Bond energy ,0210 nano-technology ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
The effect of silica nanoparticle (Nano-SiO2) dopants on insulation paper cellulose, and the interaction between them, was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanical properties, interactions, and cellulose-Nano-SiO2 compatibility of composite models of cellulose doped with Nano-SiO2 were studied. An increase in Nano-SiO2 size leads to a decrease in the mechanical properties, and a decrease in the anti-deformation ability of the composite model. The binding energies and bond energies per surface area of the composite models indicate that the bonding interaction between spherical Nano-SiO2 and cellulose is the strongest among the four different Nano-SiO2 shapes that are investigated. The solubilities of the four composite models decrease with increasing Nano-SiO2 size, and the difference between the solubility of pure cellulose and those of the composite models increases with increasing Nano-SiO2 size. Good doping effects with the highest cellulose-Nano-SiO2 compatibility are achieved for the cellulose model doped with spherical Nano-SiO2 of 10 A in diameter. These findings provide a method for modifying the mechanical properties of cellulose by doping, perhaps for improving insulation dielectrics.
- Published
- 2016
22. M-Doped TiO2 and TiO2-M xO y Mixed Oxides (M = V, Bi, W) by Reactive Mineralization of Cellulose - Evaluation of Their Photocatalytic Activity.
- Author
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Plumejeau, Sandrine, Rivallin, Matthieu, Brosillon, Stephan, Ayral, André, and Boury, Bruno
- Subjects
OXIDES ,CELLULOSE ,X-ray diffraction ,FILTER paper ,METAL chlorides ,ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy ,ELECTRON microscopy - Abstract
M-doped TiO
2 and mixed oxides Mx Oy -TiO2 (M = V, Bi, W) were synthesized by the reactive mineralization of ash-free filter paper under anhydrous conditions. Mixtures of metal chlorides (TiCl4 with VOCl3 , WCl6 , or BiCl3 ) were reacted directly with cellulose, and three different Ti/M atomic ratios were used (99, 19, and 9). The resulting materials consist of original nanoflower assemblies of needle-shaped primary particles. Their physicochemical characteristics were investigated by various techniques (X-ray diffraction, diffuse-reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and elemental analysis). The incorporation of the doping metal or the formation of mixture of oxides with TiO2 (WO3 , Bi2 O3 ) depends on the metal and the proportions used. The photocatalytic activities of the materials were tested for the degradation of phenol. The vanadium-doped materials exhibit true solid-solution formation and their band gaps shift into the visible range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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23. 69‐2: Invited Paper: Improved ZnO based materials for to‐date flat panel displays.
- Author
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Abduev, Aslan, Akhmedov, Akhmed, Asvarov, Abil, and Belyaev, Victor
- Subjects
FLAT panel displays ,ZINC oxide ,ZINC oxide films ,THIN films ,SURFACE coatings ,MAGNETRON sputtering - Abstract
Promising approaches to improve electrical characteristics, chemical resistance, and thermal stability of the resistivity of ZnO‐based TCO thin films are investigated. The following ways were tested: a) gradient doping of ZnO grains into the synthesized TCO films by indium in order to create passivating coatings on the surface of the grains; b) preventing the oxygen diffusion into the films by suppressing the columnar structures formation; c) methods combining the above ones. It was found that in the ZnO‐based TCO films deposited by magnetron sputtering at temperature above 150°C under the presence of excess zinc in the reagent flow, a decrease in the porosity of the columnar ZnO films is observed after subsequent heat treatments in air. The introducing of In, Ga, Sn metals to the composition of the ZnO films contributes to the formation of thin surface oxide sub‐layers with passivation properties on the surface of the ZnO grains. The results of research clearly show that preventing the formation of a columnar structure in combination with the passivation of grain surfaces creates real prospects for expanding the areas of application of ZnO‐based transparent electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Effect of P and Ge doping on microstructure of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu/Ni-P solder joints
- Author
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Yan, Xingchen, Xu, Kexin, Wang, Junjie, Wei, Xicheng, and Wang, Wurong
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Comment on the paper 'Surface composition and chemical bonding of thermally reduced yttria as studied by XPS and SEXAFS: Influence of Zr doping' by Thromat et al. Surf. Interface Anal. 15, 355 (1990))
- Author
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Giuliano Moretti
- Subjects
Materials science ,Chemical bond ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,Doping ,Materials Chemistry ,Analytical chemistry ,Composition (visual arts) ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Yttria-stabilized zirconia ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films - Published
- 1990
26. 34.2: Invited Paper: ZnO based transparent conductive oxides for to‐date flat panel displays.
- Author
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BELYAEV, Victor, ABDUEV, Aslan, AKHMEDOV, Akhmed, ASVAROV, Abil, SKVORTSOV, Alexey, and PLENTSOVA, Darya
- Subjects
FLAT panel displays ,ZINC oxide films ,THIN films ,SURFACE coatings ,MAGNETRON sputtering ,ZINC oxide ,INDIUM gallium zinc oxide - Abstract
Promising approaches to improve electrical characteristics, chemical resistance, and thermal stability of the resistivity of ZnO‐based TCO thin films are investigated. The following ways were tested: a) gradient doping of ZnO grains into the synthesized TCO films by indium in order to create passivating coatings on the surface of the grains; b) preventing the oxygen diffusion into the films by suppressing the columnar structures formation; c) methods combining the above ones. It was found that in the ZnO‐based TCO films deposited by magnetron sputtering at temperature above 150°C under the presence of excess zinc in the reagent flow, a decrease in the porosity of the columnar ZnO films is observed after subsequent heat treatments in air. The introducing of In, Ga, Sn metals to the composition of the ZnO films contributes to the formation of thin surface oxide sub‐layers with passivation properties on the surface of the ZnO grains. The results of research clearly show that preventing the formation of a columnar structure in combination with the passivation of grain surfaces creates real prospects for expanding the areas of application of ZnO‐based transparent electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Sport, stories, and morality: a Rortyan approach to doping ethics.
- Author
-
Sandvik, Morten Renslo
- Subjects
SPECTATOR sports ,TELEVISION broadcasting ,TELEVISION viewers ,ATHLETES ,SOLIDARITY - Abstract
Stories pervade sport. In elite spectator sport, stories play out in packed stadiums while being broadcast simultaneously to immense TV audiences. These stories, which present controversial goals, great comebacks, underdog victories, or clever instances of cheating among other incidents, can foster moral reflection. This paper explores the relationship between sport, stories, and morality. It discusses Richard Rorty's insistence on narrative as a powerful vehicle to moral change and progress, as one way to understand this relationship. Stories about Justin Gatlin and Therese Johaug – two world-class athletes who tested positive for prohibited substances and served doping bans – are discussed as exemplars of redescriptive narratives: stories that can foster our moral imagination, broaden our conversations and help us to enhance our descriptions and practices of solidarity. In this Rortyan approach, moral progress can occur when the work of narrative redescription joins forces with philosophy's rational struggle for coherence. Building on this conception of progress, the paper concludes with a reflection on narrative redescription as a method in sport ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. High‐Density Oxygen Doping of Conductive Metal Sulfides for Better Polysulfide Trapping and Li2S‐S8 Redox Kinetics in High Areal Capacity Lithium–Sulfur Batteries.
- Author
-
Li, Yiyi, Wu, Haiwei, Wu, Donghai, Wei, Hairu, Guo, Yanbo, Chen, Houyang, Li, Zhijian, Wang, Lei, Xiong, Chuanyin, Meng, Qingjun, Liu, Hanbin, and Chan, Candace K.
- Subjects
- *
POLYSULFIDES , *LITHIUM sulfur batteries , *METAL sulfides , *METAL compounds , *CHEMICAL stability , *LITHIUM , *OXIDATION-reduction reaction - Abstract
Exploring new materials and methods to achieve high utilization of sulfur with lean electrolyte is still a common concern in lithium‐sulfur batteries. Here, high‐density oxygen doping chemistry is introduced for making highly conducting, chemically stable sulfides with a much higher affinity to lithium polysulfides. It is found that doping large amounts of oxygen into NiCo2S4 is feasible and can make it outperform the pristine oxides and natively oxidized sulfides. Taking the advantages of high conductivity, chemical stability, the introduced large Li–O interactions, and activated Co (Ni) facets for catalyzing Sn2–, the NiCo2(O–S)4 is able to accelerate the Li2S‐S8 redox kinetics. Specifically, lithium‐sulfur batteries using free‐standing NiCo2(O–S)4 paper and interlayer exhibit the highest capacity of 8.68 mAh cm–2 at 1.0 mA cm–2 even with a sulfur loading of 8.75 mg cm–2 and lean electrolyte of 3.8 µL g–1. The high‐density oxygen doping chemistry can be also applied to other metal compounds, suggesting a potential way for developing more powerful catalysts towards high performance of Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Ethical discourses for and against doping in sport philosophy.
- Author
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Hochstetler, Douglas, Linder, G. Fletcher, and Ball, Jason
- Subjects
- *
DOPING in sports , *SPORTS ethics , *PHILOSOPHICAL literature , *MORAL reasoning , *DISCOURSE , *LITERATURE reviews - Abstract
Sport doping is not a recent phenomenon. Athletes have used many forms of performance enhancements going back to antiquity. Within the sport philosophy literature, sport doping is entangled in a multitude of ethical discourses, some denouncing, and some supporting, doping in sport. Our aim is to use a systematic approach to classify ethical discourses put forward by scholars focused on doping. To take stock of these ethical discourses, and to advance the sport philosophy literature on doping, this paper provides an empirical account of the types of arguments used in the peer-reviewed sport philosophy literature. This empirical account is intended to provide a map of the ethical discourses in circulation, to highlight the most common arguments, and to show where other types of arguments are absent or less well developed. To map the ethical discourses, the authors use an ethical discourse typology from a university-based ethical reasoning program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Part II: Proposals to Independently Engineer Donor and Acceptor Trap Concentrations in GaN Buffer for Ultrahigh Breakdown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.
- Author
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Joshi, Vipin, Tiwari, Shree Prakash, and Shrivastava, Mayank
- Subjects
BREAKDOWN voltage ,WIDE gap semiconductors ,ALUMINUM gallium nitride - Abstract
In part I of this paper, we developed physical insights into the role and impact of acceptor and donor traps—resulting from C-doping in GaN buffer—on avalanche breakdown in AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices. It was found that the donor traps are mandatory to explain the breakdown voltage improvement. In this paper, silicon doping is proposed and explored as an alternative to independently engineer donor trap concentration and profile. Keeping in mind the acceptor and donor trap relative concentration requirement for achieving higher breakdown buffer, as depicted in part I of this paper, silicon & carbon codoping of GaN buffer is proposed and explored in this paper. The proposed improvement in breakdown voltage is supported by physical insight into the avalanche phenomena and role of acceptor/donor traps. GaN buffer design parameters and their impact on breakdown voltage as well as leakage current are presented. Finally, a modified Si-doping profile in the GaN buffer is proposed to lower the C-doping concentration near GaN channel to mitigate the adverse effects of acceptor traps in GaN buffer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The use of doping control data to administer sex-based eligibility regulations: an analysis of how the World Anti-Doping Agency and international sport federations violate data protection laws
- Author
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Mazzucco, Marcus and Brehaut, Jensen
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Recent Progress in Cubic Boron Nitride (c-BN) Fabrication by Pulsed Laser Annealing for Optoelectronic Applications
- Author
-
Haque, Ariful, Taqy, Saif, and Narayan, Jagdish
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reaction Activity Investigations on Fe, Co or Ni embedded Tetragonal Graphene by A Thermodynamical Full‐Landscape Searching Scheme
- Author
-
Yanqin Gai
- Subjects
Materials science ,doping ,010402 general chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Catalysis ,Metal ,Tetragonal crystal system ,single-atom catalyst ,Transition metal ,law ,QD1-999 ,density functional theory ,Full Paper ,010405 organic chemistry ,Graphene ,Oxygen evolution ,General Chemistry ,Full Papers ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemistry ,electrochemistry ,visual_art ,ORR/OER ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Physical chemistry ,Density functional theory - Abstract
Single transition metal (TM) atoms such as Fe, Co and Ni occupying a carbon divacancy in tetragonal graphene (TG) and bonded with four nitrogen atoms (TM@N4TG) as electrocatalysts are investigated by means of first‐principles calculations. To consider the effect of solvent species on the local configuration of the active single metal, a thermodynamical full‐landscape searching (TFLS) scheme is employed. The calculated thermodynamic overpotentials (ηtd) from our TFLS indicate that Co@N4TG displays high catalytic activity toward both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and reduction reaction (ORR), with ηtd OER and ηtd ORR as 0.397 and 0.357 V, respectively. Its OER potential cannot be captured if only one four electron reaction loop (FERL) is considered. The actual active pathways do not always turn out to be the reactions starting from the bare site. Our findings demonstrate that TG is a promising support and TM confined TD can be used to design effective and cheap multifunctional electrocatalysts., Doped Tetragonal Graphene (TG) as electrocatalyst? The pre‐adsorption of solvent functional groups (OH, O and OOH) can tune the adsorption strength of species. A thermodynamic full‐landscape searching scheme is proposed where all the possible reactions were considered. Co@N4TG is confirmed to be a favorable bifunctional single‐atom electrocatalyst for both OER and ORR.
- Published
- 2021
34. Sensitivity Analysis of Physically Doped, Charge Plasma and Electrically Doped TFET Biosensors
- Author
-
Dip Prakash Samajdar, Arpita Biswas, and Chithraja Rajan
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Materials science ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Charge plasma (CP) ,Doping ,Charge (physics) ,Dielectric ,Plasma ,Physically doped (PD) ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,CMOS ,TFET ,Electrically doped (ED) ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Sensitivity (electronics) ,Biosensor - Abstract
TFET based label-free biosensors are fast, sensitive and more power efficient as compared to CMOS biosensors, which are prone to short channel effects (SCEs). However, literature is flooded with various TFET biosensors that have become the reason of dilemma for researchers during pandemic situations like COVID-19. Therefore, in this work, a physically doped (PD), charge plasma (CP) and electrically doped (ED) dielectric modulated (DM) TFET based label-free biosensors are compared, which cover almost the entire range of doping and junctionless devices. Also, we found that the ED based TFET biosensors provide better current sensitivities of 5.10 x 10(7), 4.77 x 10(8) and 7.11 x 10(8) for biomolecules with K=12, positive charge= 1 x 10(13) C/cm(2) and negative charge= -1 x 10(13) C/cm(2) respectively. Hence, ED-DM-TFET based biosensors can act as promising candidates to provide better detection and identification quality.
- Published
- 2021
35. Isolated Cobalt Ions Embedded in Magnesium Oxide Nanostructures: Spectroscopic Properties and Redox Activity
- Author
-
Thomas Schwab, Gregor A. Zickler, Matthias Niedermaier, Milan Ončák, and Oliver Diwald
- Subjects
Oxide ,oxide nanocrystals ,Nanoparticle ,doping ,010402 general chemistry ,Heterogeneous catalysis ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,law.invention ,Ion ,Electron transfer ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,law ,isolated transition metal ions ,Electron paramagnetic resonance ,Spectroscopy ,Dopant ,Full Paper ,010405 organic chemistry ,interfacial charge transfer ,Organic Chemistry ,single-site catalysis ,General Chemistry ,Full Papers ,0104 chemical sciences ,Nanocrystals ,chemistry ,Chemical physics - Abstract
Atomic dispersion of dopants and control over their defect chemistry are central goals in the development of oxide nanoparticles for functional materials with dedicated electronic, optical or magnetic properties. We produced highly dispersed oxide nanocubes with atomic distribution of cobalt ions in substitutional sites of the MgO host lattice via metal organic chemical vapor synthesis. Vacuum annealing of the nanoparticle powders up to 1173 K has no effect on the shape of the individual particles and only leads to moderate particle coarsening. Such materials processing, however, gives rise to the electronic reduction of particle surfaces, which—upon O2 admission—stabilize anionic oxygen radicals that are accessible to UV/Vis diffuse reflectance and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Multi‐reference quantum chemical calculations show that the optical bands observed mainly originate from transitions into 4A2g (4F), 4T1g (4P) states with a contribution of transitions into 2T1g, 2T2g (2G) states through spin‐orbit coupling and gain intensity through vibrational motion of the MgO lattice or the asymmetric ion field. Related nanostructures are a promising material system for single atomic site catalysis. At the same time, it represents an extremely valuable model system for the study of interfacial electron transfer processes that are key to nanoparticle chemistry and photochemistry at room temperature, and in heterogeneous catalysis., A MgO host lattice with an atomic distribution of cobalt ions in substitutional sites was achieved via metal organic chemical vapor synthesis, providing a promising material system for single atomic site catalysis and a good model system for the study of interfacial electron transfer processes that are key to nanoparticle chemistry and photochemistry at room temperature, and in heterogeneous catalysis.
- Published
- 2020
36. First-principles study of Ni-adsorption on non-metal atom-doped MoSe2.
- Author
-
Su, Dan, Liu, Guili, Wei, Ran, Ma, Mengting, Yang, Zhonghua, and Zhang, Guoying
- Abstract
In this paper, the effect of C, N and O atom doping of intrinsic MoSe2 on the adsorption capacity of Ni is investigated based on first-principle research methods. The aim is to analyze whether intrinsic MoSe2 can be doped and modified to improve its adsorption capacity of Ni so that it can be used as a new type of adsorbent material. By calculating and analyzing the energy band structure, density of states, differential charge and optical properties of each system, the conclusions are as follows: the O-doped MoSe2 system has the best adsorption capacity for Ni, and the adsorption capacities of the three systems are in the following order: O>N>C. The bandgap value of intrinsic MoSe2 adsorbed Ni-atom decreases, while the Fermi energy level of the C-doped MoSe2 adsorbed Ni-atom system is located in the valence band, which shows
p -type doping. The differential charge of the system was analyzed and the charge transfer of the adsorbed system was increased by C, N and O atom doping, and the O-doped system had the strongest adsorption capacity for Ni. It was shown that the charge distribution between the system and the adsorbed Ni-atom changed considerably after atomic doping, and the bonds between the Ni-atom and the dopant atoms of the C-, N- and O-doped adsorption system were strongly ionic. Optical analysis reveals that C, N and O atom doping improves the charge binding ability of Ni-adsorbed MoSe2 material, which gives it a higher polarization rate and faster electric field response. The absorption of ultraviolet light is greatly enhanced, which can improve the efficiency of solar cells and convert solar energy into electricity more effectively. Overall, the Ni adsorption capacity of atomically doped MoSe2 is improved, indicating that doping can be an effective means to improve the adsorption of Ni-atom by intrinsic MoSe2. It is hoped that the research results in this paper can provide some theoretical guidance for the application of MoSe2 in optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Quantitative Analysis of the Synergy of Doping and Nanostructuring of Oxide Photocatalysts.
- Author
-
Seriani, Nicola, Delcompare-Rodriguez, Paola, Pandey, Dhanshree, Adak, Abhishek Kumar, Mahamiya, Vikram, Pinilla, Carlos, and El-Khozondar, Hala J.
- Subjects
ELECTRIC potential ,ENERGY conversion ,TRANSITION metal oxides ,ELECTRIC fields ,METALLIC oxides - Abstract
In this paper, the effect of doping and nanostructuring on the electrostatic potential across the electrochemical interface between a transition metal oxide and a water electrolyte is investigated by means of the Poisson–Boltzmann model. For spherical nanoparticles and nanorods, compact expressions for the limiting potentials at which the space charge layer includes the whole semiconductor are reported. We provide a quantitative analysis of the distribution of the potential drop between the solid and the liquid and show that the relative importance changes with doping. It is usually assumed that high doping improves charge dynamics in the semiconductor but reduces the width of the space charge layer. However, nanostructuring counterbalances the latter negative effect; we show quantitatively that in highly doped nanoparticles the space charge layer can occupy a similar volume fraction as in low-doped microparticles. Moreover, as shown by some recent experiments, under conditions of high doping the electric fields in the Helmholtz layer can be as high as 100 mV/Å, comparable to electric fields inducing freezing in water. This work provides a systematic quantitative framework for understanding the effects of doping and nanostructuring on electrochemical interfaces, and suggests that it is necessary to better characterize the interface at the atomistic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Effect of non-metal doping on the optoelectronic properties of ZrS2/ZrSe2 heterostructure under strain: a first-principles study.
- Author
-
Zhao, Yanshen, Yang, Lu, Sun, Shihang, Wei, Xingbin, and Liu, Huaidong
- Subjects
- *
PERIODIC motion , *ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) , *BAND gaps , *DENSITY functionals , *PSEUDOPOTENTIAL method - Abstract
Context: In this paper, we systematically studied the effects of non-metallic element (B, C, N, O, F) doping and biaxial stretching on the photoelectric properties of ZrS2/ZrSe2 heterostructures by using the first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory. The results show that the p-type doping is realized by B, C, and N atom doping, and the n-type doping is realized by O and F atom doping. The doping of B and C atoms produces impurity energy levels in the band gap, which affects the conductivity of the heterostructure. The band gap of N and O atom–doped heterostructures increases under tensile strain, but it is still a direct band gap. The analysis of the optical properties of the heterostructures shows that the doping of non-metallic atoms can adjust the optical absorption rate and reflectivity of the heterostructures. Under the action of tensile strain, the optical properties of the doped heterostructures have changed significantly in the low-energy region. This article provides a theoretical basis for the future application of ZrS2/ZrSe2 heterostructures. Method: This paper uses the first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory. The PBE exchange-correlation functional based on generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is selected for the specific calculation, and the crystal structure is geometrically optimized by the ultrasoft pseudopotential method. It is verified that when the cutoff energy of the ZrS2/ZrSe2 heterostructure is 500 eV, the K-point grid is selected to be 10 × 10 × 2 with the lowest energy, so the cutoff energy is selected to be 500 eV. The K-point grid is selected to be 10 × 10 × 2. The convergence limits for structural optimization are as follows: the maximum force between atoms is 0.01 eV/Å, the convergence threshold of the maximum energy change is set to 10−9 eV/atom, and the convergence threshold of the maximum displacement is 0.001 Å. In order to avoid the influence of atomic periodic motion between different atomic layers, a vacuum layer of 20 Å is added in the vertical direction. Considering the interaction of vdW between the interfaces, the DFT-D2 method is used to verify. The optical properties were calculated by the random phase approximation method, and the K-point grid was selected as 12 × 12 × 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Thermal Stability and High-Temperature Super Low Friction of γ-Fe 2 O 3 @SiO 2 Nanocomposite Coatings on Steel.
- Author
-
Zeng, Qunfeng
- Subjects
THERMAL stability ,PHASE transitions ,NANOCOMPOSITE materials ,SURFACE coatings ,FRICTION - Abstract
The thermal stability of the γ-Fe
2 O3 @SiO2 nanocomposites and super low friction of the γ-Fe2 O3 @SiO2 nanocomposite coatings in ambient air at high temperature are investigated in this paper. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy, transmission scanning electron microcopy, high-temperature tribometer, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used to investigate the microstructure, surface morphology and high-temperature tribological properties of the γ-Fe2 O3 @SiO2 nanocomposite coatings, respectively. The results show that the γ-Fe2 O3 @SiO2 nanocomposite with the core–shell structure has excellent thermal stability because the SiO2 shell inhibits the phase transition of the γ-Fe2 O3 phase to the α-Fe2 O3 phase in the nanocomposites. The temperature of the phase transition in γ-Fe2 O3 can be increased from 460 to 829 °C. The γ-Fe2 O3 @SiO2 nanocomposite coatings exhibit super low friction (0.05) at 500 °C. A high-temperature super low friction mechanism is attributed to γ-Fe2 O3 and the tribochemical reactions during sliding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. 8.2: Invited Paper: Research on the Effects of Different Doping Methods on Top‐Gate IGZO TFT.
- Author
-
Deng, Yakov, Li, Ziran, Huang, Guihua, Zhang, Qianyi, Luo, Chuanbao, Yao, Jiangbo, and Qin, Shijian
- Subjects
DOPING agents (Chemistry) ,THIN film transistors - Abstract
By N2O/N2/O2 doped the active layer and He/Ar/Al/SiNx doped the S/D of Top‐Gate IGZO TFT, we have summarized the effects of different doping modes on the properties of Top‐Gate IGZO TFT, including doping the active layer of Top‐Gate IGZO TFT with N2O can obviously improve the electrical uniformity of devices , and doping the S/D of Top‐Gate IGZO TFT with aluminum(Al) can significantly improve the NBTIS/ PBTIS of devices, etc. By optimizing the doping method, we have fabricated a device with both good electrical uniformity and good electrical properties, with threshold voltage shift (ΔVth) of 18 points less than 1V, Mobility=8.6 cm2/V.S,Subthreshold Swing(SS) =0.26 V/dec ,Threshold Voltage (Vth) =2.9V ,ΔVth=1.54 V (NBTIS, Bias=‐30V,T=80 ℃ ,Backlight=4500Nit,2000S,W/L=6/12), ΔVth= 5.28V(PBTIS,Bias=+30V , T=80 ℃ ,Backlight=4500Nit, 2000S, W/L=6/12). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Raspberry‐Like Microspheres of Core–Shell Cr2O3@TiO2 Nanoparticles for CO2 Photoreduction
- Author
-
Jeannie Z. Y. Tan, Fang Xia, and M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer
- Subjects
Materials science ,solar fuels ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Crystal ,symbols.namesake ,law ,Phase (matter) ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Materials Science ,Calcination ,core–shell nanoparticles ,Full Paper ,Doping ,CO2 conversion ,Full Papers ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,X-ray diffraction ,General Energy ,Nanocrystal ,Chemical engineering ,symbols ,Photocatalysis ,0210 nano-technology ,Raman spectroscopy ,photocatalysis ,Monoclinic crystal system - Abstract
To promote the interaction of p–n semiconductors, raspberry‐like microspheres of core–shell Cr2O3@TiO2 nanoparticles have been fabricated through a five‐step process. Raman spectroscopy of products calcined at various temperatures reveal that the titania shell causes crystal distortion of the Cr2O3 core, without changing the microstructures of the fabricated core–shell microspheres. In situ and time‐resolved synchrotron‐based powder XRD reveals the formation of monoclinic TiO2 in the fourth step, but these monoclinic TiO2 nanocrystals undergo a phase transition when the applied calcination temperature is above 550 °C. As a result, TiO2(B), a magnéli phase of Ti4O7 and Cr2Ti6O15 compounds, resulting from inner doping between Cr2O3 and TiO2, is formed. The close interaction of Cr2O3 and TiO2 forms a p–n junction that decreases the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, leading to enhanced production of CH4 by photocatalytic reduction of CO2., Giving CO2 conversion the raspberry: To promote the interaction of p–n semiconductors, raspberry‐like core–shell Cr2O3@TiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated through a five‐step process. The products calcined at different temperatures revealed that the titania shell resulted in the crystal distortion of the Cr2O3 core, without changing the microstructures of the fabricated core–shell microspheres.
- Published
- 2019
42. Study the Adsorption of Letrozole Drug on the Silicon Doped Graphdiyne Monolayer: a DFT Investigation
- Author
-
Saeideh Ebrahimiasl, Nabieh Farhami, Akram Hosseinian, Maryam Derakhshande, Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi, and Ayda Karbakhshzadeh
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Original Paper ,Materials science ,Electronic sensor ,Silicon ,Doping ,Binding energy ,Solvation ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,Chemical physics ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Solvation energy ,0103 physical sciences ,Monolayer ,Graphdiyne nanosheet ,Electrical conductivity ,0210 nano-technology ,Nanosheet - Abstract
In the current study, by employing first-principles computations, the adsorption behavior of letrozole (LET) was investigated on the pristine graphdiyne nanosheet (GDY) as well as Si-doped graphdiyne (SiGDY). According to the adsorption energy, charge transfer value, and the change in the bang gap energy, the tendency of the pristine GDY towards LET is insignificant. However, the interaction of LET with SiGDY was strong and the adsorption energy was approximately − 19.20 kcal/mol. In addition, the associated electrical conductivity with SiGDY increased by approximately 23.53 % following the adsorption of LET. The results show that SiGDY can be employed as an electronic sensor to detect LET. Furthermore, LET is detected by SiGDY in the water phase based on the magnitude of solvation energy. Finally, a considerable charge-transfer between LET and SiGDY is a precondition for the adsorption of the LET molecule with proper binding energies, which delivers the Si atoms with a significant positive charge.
- Published
- 2021
43. High altitude, enhancement, and the 'spirit of sport'.
- Author
-
Gordon, Emma C. and Dodds, Connie
- Subjects
ANTI-doping policy in sports ,ALTITUDES ,ATHLETES' health ,SPORTS ,SPORTS ethics - Abstract
The World Anti-Doping Code (2021) includes a substance on the prohibited list if it meets at least two of the following: (1) it has the potential to enhance or enhances sport performance; (2) it represents an actual or potential health risk to the athlete; (3) it violates the spirit of sport. This paper uses a case study to illustrate points of tension between this code and enhancements that are appropriate to ban; we argue that there are banned drugs (e.g., acetazolamide and dexamethasone) the use of which we have good reason to not only permit but encourage for high-altitude sports. Drawing on lessons from this case study, we propose a reformulation of the Code that requires (1–3) be met but offers preferable ways of unpacking conditions (1) and (3) – and in a way that better preserves how the spirit of sport condition should be indexed to particular sports. Our formulation is inclusive enough to rule in drugs like acetazolamide and dexamethasone as permissible in high-altitude sports while at the same time ruling out problem cases – including many drugs already on the prohibited list. The result is an attempted alignment between the conditions specified and those drugs that should be banned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Seebeck coefficient of silicon nanowire forests doped by thermal diffusion
- Author
-
Giovanni Pennelli, Shaimaa Elyamny, and Elisabetta Dimaggio
- Subjects
Materials science ,Silicon ,seebeck coefficient ,Nanowire ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Physics::Optics ,Substrate (electronics) ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,lcsh:Technology ,Full Research Paper ,thermoelectricity ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Etching (microfabrication) ,Seebeck coefficient ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Thermoelectric effect ,Nanotechnology ,General Materials Science ,thermal conductivity ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,lcsh:Science ,business.industry ,lcsh:T ,Doping ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Nanoscience ,Thermoelectric generator ,chemistry ,nanowires ,Optoelectronics ,Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons ,lcsh:Q ,business ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
Thermoelectric generators made by large arrays of nanowires perpendicular to a silicon substrate, that is, so-called silicon nanowire forests are fabricated on large areas by an inexpensive metal-assisted etching technique. After fabrication, a thermal diffusion process is used for doping the nanowire forest with phosphorous. A suitable experimental technique has been developed for the measurement of the Seebeck coefficient under static conditions, and results are reported for different doping parameters. These results are in good agreement with numerical simulations of the doping process applied to silicon nanowires. These devices, based on doped nanowire forests, offer a possible route for the exploitation of the high power factor of silicon, which, combined with the very low thermal conductivity of nanostructures, will yield a high efficiency of the conversion of thermal to electrical energy.
- Published
- 2020
45. Effect of non-metal doping on the optoelectronic properties of ZrS2/ZrSe2 heterostructure under strain: a first-principles study
- Author
-
Zhao, Yanshen, Yang, Lu, Sun, Shihang, Wei, Xingbin, and Liu, Huaidong
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Convection‐Flow‐Assisted Preparation of a Strong Electron Dopant, Benzyl Viologen, for Surface‐Charge Transfer Doping of Molybdenum Disulfide
- Author
-
Akito Fukui, Keigo Matsuyama, Norifumi Fujimura, Daisuke Kiriya, Hisashi Ichimiya, Takeshi Yoshimura, Kohei Miura, Atsushi Ashida, Yuki Aoki, and Yuki Yamada
- Subjects
Materials science ,molecular doping ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Nanomaterials ,lcsh:Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Transition metal ,redox reactions ,Molecule ,Surface charge ,Molybdenum disulfide ,convection flow ,Dopant ,Full Paper ,010405 organic chemistry ,Doping ,transition metal dichalcogenides ,benzyl viologen ,General Chemistry ,Full Papers ,0104 chemical sciences ,Solvent ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,lcsh:QD1-999 - Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have received attention as atomically thin post‐silicon semiconducting materials. Tuning the carrier concentrations of the TMDCs is important, but their thin structure requires a non‐destructive modulation method. Recently, a surface‐charge transfer doping method was developed based on contacting molecules on TMDCs, and the method succeeded in achieving a large modulation of the electronic structures. The successful dopant is a neutral benzyl viologen (BV0); however, the problem remains of how to effectively prepare the BV0 molecules. A reduction process with NaBH4 in water has been proposed as a preparation method, but the NaBH4 simultaneously reacts vigorously with the water. Here, a simple method is developed, in which the reaction vial is placed on a hotplate and a fragment of air‐stable metal is used instead of NaBH4 to prepare the BV0 dopant molecules. The prepared BV0 molecules show a strong doping ability in terms of achieving a degenerate situation of a TMDC, MoS2. A key finding in this preparation method is that a convection flow in the vial effectively transports the produced BV0 to a collection solvent. This method is simple and safe and facilitates the tuning of the optoelectronic properties of nanomaterials by the easily‐handled dopant molecules.
- Published
- 2019
47. Manganese‐Zinc Ferrites: Safe and Efficient Nanolabels for Cell Imaging and Tracking In Vivo
- Author
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Lucie Kosinová, Magda Vosmanská, Jakub Koktan, Dana Mareková, Ondřej Kaman, Karolina Turnovcova, Andrea Gálisová, Pavla Jendelova, and Vít Herynek
- Subjects
Full Paper ,010405 organic chemistry ,Cell growth ,Chemistry ,Vesicle ,Cell ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,General Chemistry ,doping ,Full Papers ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In vivo ,Cytoplasm ,Biophysics ,medicine ,magnetic resonance imaging ,nanoparticles ,Viability assay ,cell transplantation ,Iron oxide nanoparticles ,cell labeling - Abstract
Manganese‐zinc ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by using a hydrothermal treatment, coated with silica, and then tested as efficient cellular labels for cell tracking, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo. A toxicity study was performed on rat mesenchymal stem cells and C6 glioblastoma cells. Adverse effects on viability and cell proliferation were observed at the highest concentration (0.55 mM) only; cell viability was not compromised at lower concentrations. Nanoparticle internalization was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The particles were found in membranous vesicles inside the cytoplasm. Although the metal content (0.42 pg Fe/cell) was lower compared to commercially available iron oxide nanoparticles, labeled cells reached a comparable relaxation rate R 2, owing to higher nanoparticle relaxivity. Cells from transgenic luciferase‐positive rats were used for in vivo experiments. Labeled cells were transplanted into the muscles of non‐bioluminescent rats and visualized by MRI. The cells produced a distinct hypointense signal in T2‐ or T2*‐weighted MR images in vivo. Cell viability in vivo was verified by bioluminescence.
- Published
- 2019
48. Ultrastable Surface‐Dominated Pseudocapacitive Potassium Storage Enabled by Edge‐Enriched N‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets
- Author
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En Zhang, Yuqian Qiu, Yixuan Zhai, Hongqiang Wang, Xiaosa Xu, Qianhui Liu, Fei Xu, Stefan Kaskel, Guangshen Jiang, and Xiaoming Liu
- Subjects
ultrastable cycling ,Materials science ,Potassium ,N‐Doped Carbon Materials | Very Important Paper ,Kinetics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Edge (geometry) ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,potassium storage ,Research Articles ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,Carbonization ,Doping ,nitrogen doping ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,General Medicine ,0104 chemical sciences ,Amorphous solid ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,porous carbon ,Carbon ,Research Article - Abstract
The development of ultrastable carbon materials for potassium storage poses key limitations caused by the huge volume variation and sluggish kinetics. Nitrogen‐enriched porous carbons have recently emerged as promising candidates for this application; however, rational control over nitrogen doping is needed to further suppress the long‐term capacity fading. Here we propose a strategy based on pyrolysis–etching of a pyridine‐coordinated polymer for deliberate manipulation of edge‐nitrogen doping and specific spatial distribution in amorphous high‐surface‐area carbons; the obtained material shows an edge‐nitrogen content of up to 9.34 at %, richer N distribution inside the material, and high surface area of 616 m2 g−1 under a cost‐effective low‐temperature carbonization. The optimized carbon delivers unprecedented K‐storage stability over 6000 cycles with negligible capacity decay (252 mA h g−1 after 4 months at 1 A g−1), rarely reported for potassium storage., Pyrolysis–etching of a pyridine‐coordinated polymer was used to prepare a porous carbon material with defect edge‐enriched N‐6/N‐5 doping, high surface area, and rich distribution of N defects within the material. This carbonaceous material allows full utilization of surface‐dominated capacitive K storage with ultrastable cycling.
- Published
- 2020
49. Fully automated dried blood spot sample preparation enables the detection of lower molecular mass peptide and non-peptide doping agents by means of LC-HRMS
- Author
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Andreas Thomas, Tobias Lange, Katja Walpurgis, and Mario Thevis
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Analyte ,Peptide ,Hematocrit ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Hematocrit (Hct) ,Analytical Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Limit of Detection ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,TAP blood collection device ,Hematocrit Measurement ,medicine ,Growth hormone–releasing peptides (GHRP) ,Doping ,Humans ,Sample preparation ,Sport ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Doping in Sports ,Chromatography ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Molecular mass ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Equipment Design ,0104 chemical sciences ,Dried blood spot ,Substance Abuse Detection ,Hormone receptor ,Dried blood spots (DBS) ,Dried Blood Spot Testing ,Peptides ,Oligopeptides ,Research Paper ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
The added value of dried blood spot (DBS) samples complementing the information obtained from commonly routine doping control matrices is continuously increasing in sports drug testing. In this project, a robotic-assisted non-destructive hematocrit measurement from dried blood spots by near-infrared spectroscopy followed by a fully automated sample preparation including strong cation exchange solid-phase extraction and evaporation enabled the detection of 46 lower molecular mass (
- Published
- 2020
50. Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts
- Author
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R. Jürgen Behm, Maximilian Wassner, Michael S. Elsaesser, Thomas Diemant, Markus Eckardt, Andreas Reyer, and Nicola Hüsing
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Materials science ,porosity ,amorphous carbon ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,010402 general chemistry ,lcsh:Technology ,01 natural sciences ,Full Research Paper ,Catalysis ,hydrothermal carbonization ,Hydrothermal carbonization ,Nanotechnology ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,lcsh:Science ,Porosity ,graphitized carbon ,lcsh:T ,Doping ,nitrogen doping ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Nitrogen ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,0104 chemical sciences ,Amorphous solid ,Nanoscience ,Amorphous carbon ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,lcsh:Q ,nitridation ,0210 nano-technology ,Carbon ,lcsh:Physics ,oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) - Abstract
Amorphous and graphitized nitrogen-doped (N-doped) carbon spheres are investigated as structurally well-defined model systems to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between synthesis, structure, and their activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). N-doped carbon spheres were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of a glucose solution yielding carbon spheres with sizes of 330 ± 50 nm, followed by nitrogen doping via heat treatment in ammonia atmosphere. The influence of a) varying the nitrogen doping temperature (550–1000 °C) and b) of a catalytic graphitization prior to nitrogen doping on the carbon sphere morphology, structure, elemental composition, N bonding configuration as well as porosity is investigated in detail. For the N-doped carbon spheres, the maximum nitrogen content was found at a doping temperature of 700 °C, with a decrease of the N content for higher temperatures. The overall nitrogen content of the graphitized N-doped carbon spheres is lower than that of the amorphous carbon spheres, however, also the microporosity decreases strongly with graphitization. Comparison with the electrocatalytic behavior in the ORR shows that in addition to the N-doping, the microporosity of the materials is critical for an efficient ORR.
- Published
- 2020
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