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This article discusses the artwork of Azadeh Akhlaghi, a visual artist from Iran. Akhlaghi's series, titled "By an Eye-Witness," explores the documentation of past deaths in Iran's history, focusing on violent and traumatic events. The artist stages scenes depicting the deaths of poets, journalists, students, intellectuals, and political activists, imagining how these events would have been captured if mobile phone cameras had existed at the time. Akhlaghi's work challenges the official version of national history and invites viewers to consider the impact of photography on our understanding of historical events. [Extracted from the article]

A literary criticism of the book "Paper Shadows" by Chinese Canadian author Wayson Choy is presented. Topics discussed include reason Choy's memoir remains an important cultural and historical document, ways in which public memory in Canada today remains detrimentally Eurocentric, and brief consideration of the book as a contribution to an antiracist rewriting of Canadian public memory.

"The Routledge Companion to Global Indigenous History" is a comprehensive volume edited by Ann McGrath and Lynette Russell that explores the complexities and diversity of Indigenous history across the globe. The book is organized into six themes, including global perspectives, migrations and mobilities, colonial encounters, removals and diasporas, memory and identity, and future approaches to Indigenous histories. The chapters cover a wide range of topics and regions, highlighting the shared experiences and struggles of Indigenous peoples while also recognizing their unique histories and aspirations. The collection aims to address the omission of Indigenous history from mainstream global accounts and offers valuable insights for the field of history. [Extracted from the article]

"The Holocaust and Australia: Refugees, Rejection, and Memory" by Paul Bartrop is a book that explores Australia's relationship to the Holocaust. The author discusses Australian governmental policy, the influence of Britain, and the public's view of Jewry during the war years. While the book provides valuable insights, the reviewer notes that it is largely a revised edition of Bartrop's previous work from 1994, with some new material added. The reviewer suggests that the book could have delved deeper into the coverage of the Holocaust by other Australian newspapers and analyzed the attitudes of different states and territories. The final chapters cover the post-1945 period but are considered brief and lacking in depth. The reviewer also questions the book's omission of the Helen Demidenko scandal and the fabrication of Holocaust-related testimony in other Australian works, and raises important questions about Australia's refugee acceptance policies in the face of genocidal horror. Overall, the book is praised for its readability and as a valuable resource for students. [Extracted from the article]

INTIMATE GEOPOLITICS: Love, Territory, and the Future on India's Northern Threshold: By SARA SMITH. In a vivid ethnographic study of the Ladakh region in northern India, Smith provides an intricate examination of how community tensions are shaped by ethnic identities, family planning, and majoritarian politics - and one incendiary moment on a public street. Though I Intimate Geopolitics i is overtly a study of Ladakhi territorial politics as related to family dynamics, the commentary on sectarianism is relevant beyond the confines of the distant province. [Extracted from the article]

Thus each chapter addresses a different aspect of cinema going memories. The intention of this project was to extend knowledge of cinema history with an emphasis on how films were received and the social experience of cinema going. The six chapters clearly set out different aspects of the 1960s cinema going experience- social experiences, sex and cinema going, the experience of watching American films and British films, European films, and postcolonial audiences. [Extracted from the article]

Troubling Truth and Reconciliation in Canadian Education: Critical Perspectives, Edmonton, University of Alberta Press, 2022, 328 pp., $46.99 (paper), ISBN 978-1-77212-600-6. 30 Tepperman, Lorne and Maria Finnsdottir, Canada's Place: A Global Perspective, Oakville, ON, Rock's Mills Press, 2022, 222 pp., CAN $35.00 (paper), ISBN 978-1-77244-230-4. 31 West, Leah, Thomas Juneau, and Amarnath Amarasingam, eds., Stress Tested: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Canadian National Security, Calgary, University of Calgary Press, 2022, 280 pp., $34.99 (paper), ISBN 978-1-77385-243-0. 32 Wilson, Michael, Something within Me: A Personal and Political Memoir, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2022, 302 pp., CAN $24.95 (paper) ISBN 978-1-4875-4438-6. The I American Review of Canadian Studies i has received the following books for review. [Extracted from the article]

The variety of contributions in I Fragments i point to how we might yet substantially revise current understandings of New Zealand's colonial conflict and its memories. This "fragmented" but exciting collection is useful as a short accessible text for Australian scholars wanting to understand shifts in New Zealand's commemoration of colonial conflict. Kidman pitches a larger context of colonial conflict and its legacy in an opening chapter on the 250th commemoration of Captain Cook in 2019, conveyed beautifully in an ethnographic mode. [Extracted from the article]

Several revealing maps appear toward the end of Jeffrey Erbig's fascinating inquiry into imperial efforts to demarcate the border between Portuguese and Spanish South America. Border practices followed this new mode of border thinking, and not only for Europeans. Where Caciques and Mapmakers Met: Border Making in Eighteenth-Century South America: By Jeffrey Alan Erbig, Jr. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020. [Extracted from the article]

Into the Loneliness: The Unholy Alliance of Ernestine Hill and Daisy Bates: By Eleanor Hogan. The biographical and historical material in I Loneliness i is framed by travelogue as Hogan retraces routes taken by Hill and Bates. Hogan also uses material from "the Daisy Chain" (a loose group of researchers interested in Bates during the 1970s and 1980s), who had access to interview subjects who knew Bates and Hill. [Extracted from the article]

The article highlights important connections between the spoken word, handmade paper, cultural memory, and natural sustenance in books and in artworks. Topics include display of works that challenge the silos and sensory atrophy that scholar Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett critiques so eloquently, and how "Tomes" unfolded as culturally provocative outreach, using diverse collections and community experience to re-present the archives through a more public scope.

Maryam Jafri is a visual artist who explores cultural and visual representations of history and political economy. Her work "Independence Day 1934-1975" examines the role of photography in shaping national narratives during the decolonization of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. The project features over 60 archival photos sourced from public archives in these regions, highlighting the similarities in the first Independence Day ceremonies across different countries. Jafri's more recent works, such as "Disappearance Online," address the digitization of historical images and its impact on cultural memory and copyright law. Her work emphasizes the importance of critically engaging with historical narratives and understanding shared histories. [Extracted from the article]

In the so-called West, feminist activists and scholars have long been traumatised by the erasure of their histories via dominant patriarchal narratives, which has served as an impediment to the intergenerational transmission of feminist knowledge. Recently, while acknowledging the very real and ongoing impact of this historical omission, some feminists have issued a call to turn away from a narrative of women's history as 'serial forgetting' and towards an acknowledgement of the affirmative capacity of feminist remembering. At the same time, memory theorist Ann Rigney has advocated for a 'positive turn' in memory studies, away from what she perceives to be the field's gravitation towards trauma and instead towards an analysis of life's positive legacies. In this article, I combine both approaches to investigate one feminist memory-keeper's archive, analysing what it reveals about 'the mechanisms by which positive attachments are transmitted across space and time'. Throughout her life, little-known 'between-the-waves' Australian feminist Ruby Rich (1888–1988) performed multiple intersecting activist activities. While she created feminist memories through her work for various political organisations, she also collected, stored and transmitted feminist memories through her campaign for a dedicated space for women's collections in the National Library of Australia. Propelled by fear of loss and inspired by hope for remembering, Rich constructed a brand of archival activism that was both educational and emotional. In this paper, I examine the strategies Rich employed to try to realise her dream of effecting intellectual and affective bonds between future feminists and their predecessors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sample this: a hypothetical menu book of fish recipes from both sides of the Bengal border; a barbed wire running through the Ichhamati, showing the river's indifference to political borders; a sandstone and fabric pillar standing as a metaphoric monument of unity between religions, commemorating Gandhi's peace march in Noakhali in 1946; an accordion book opening out, unfolding narratives immortalised in Ritwik Ghatak's films. These are some of the artworks that were showcased at The Legacy of Loss: Perspectives on the Partition of Bengal, an Art Exhibition that the Kolkata Partition Museum Trust (KPMT) organised in collaboration with the Kolkata Centre for Creativity (KCC), to commemorate the 74th anniversary of India's Partition. The Exhibition ran from 17 to 29 August 2021 at KCC, and was supported by Tata Steel and the Emami Foundation. Conceptualised and conceived by the late art historian, Dr. Rajasri Mukhopadhyay, and curated by KCC, this was an unique Exhibition on the Bengal Partition by five contemporary artists – Paula Sengupta, Vinayak Bhattacharya, Debasish Mukherjee, Amritah Sen and Dilip Mitra – each with a distinct style and perspective on the theme. As Rajasri Mukhopadhyay put it, Partition provided 'the psychological topography for this Exhibition. The pictorial narratives ... [found here] are embedded in the geographical sites of ancestry, the physical border, the trajectories of nostalgia in refugee colonies, and stories of inherited memories.' This paper will delve into the uniqueness of this Exhibition and argue for the importance of the Arts in preserving cultural memory, something that KPMT strongly believes in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the central underpinnings of Islamophobia is the theoretical construction of Muslim women as "Other". Going hand in hand with colonization, the overall Orientalist imaginary has depicted Muslims as misogynistic, homophobic, and gynophobic in contrast to the normal and enlightened Western European subject. Liberation psychology, as a field of decolonial work, emphasizes several main tasks one of which is the recovery of historical memory in relation to how humans see each other and the world. This paper builds on the work of recovering historical memory to emphasize the Indo-European origins of misogyny and patriarchy and the subsequent cover-up of this history as a part of the legacy of colonialism and current narratives of Islamophobia. The paper concludes that the work of psychology should include decoding reality to uncover the true nature of the origins of patriarchy, thus building new, revitalized understandings of human society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the formation of the independent state, the Ukrainian people's interest in their own history and events of the past has significantly increased. The shaping of national identity and preservation of historical collective memory plays an increasingly important role in these processes. This is to some extent true of the Cherkasy region which is one of the richest in Ukraine. Scientific research of historians and archival material which reflect the development of the workflow management systems in the society of the region is suffi- cient proof of this. Special role in the study of the region history is given to the State Archives of Cherkasy region, the leading experts of which during 1970-2013 period made a significant contribution to the implementation of recordkeeping standards and normative document regulation acts such as the Laws of Ukraine "On Electronic Documents and Electronic Document Management" and "On Electronic Digital Signature", dated May 22th, 2003, etc. As document management traditions are being produced during the centuries, investigation of electronic records management is practically possible from its initial formation stage. On the one hand, the main task of the electronic records keeping, as a relatively new phenomenon, is to adopt the best principles of traditional document management; on the other hand, it is no less important to develop new approaches to recordkeeping management, taking into account the use of electronic documents. Therefore it is important, in our opinion, to consider the main problems that accompany the practices of electronic document management as the investigated object, taking the example of Cherkasy region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a speech by Kousar J. Azam, professor at Osmania University, given at the 2010 Nagoya American Studies Summer Seminar (NASSS) at Japan's Nanzan University. The speech was given in response to the presentation of paper entitled "Exploring a Bridge between Hiroshima and the US: Tanimoto Kiyoshi and his activities in the early post war period," by Yoko Kawaguchi. Azam comments on collective memory of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan and the peace movement it sparked.

The article is an editorial from the journal Landscape Research, written by the new Editor-in-Chief, Hannes Palang. Palang acknowledges the challenges faced in recent years, including the COVID-19 pandemic and security crises, and discusses their impact on landscapes and landscape research. The journal has been successful in attracting submissions and readership from around the world, with a focus on interdisciplinary research. Palang announces the winners of the journal's Best Paper Prize and Best Paper by an Early Career Researcher for 2023. Looking ahead, Palang mentions changes in the editorship and plans for special issues and essays on the topic of 'landscapes of care'. The journal is also strengthening its connection with research activities funded by the Landscape Research Group. [Extracted from the article]

The paper examines how Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide and Indra Sinha's Animal's People register the sense of vulnerability and precarity of ecocatastrophic experiences and place these experiences in the collective memory of people. The paper explores the interrelation between detrimental human actions and their impact on both human and nonhuman lives and the dimensions which these narratives construct, adapt, and respond to. The paper discusses the ways in which the authors imagine the calamity, its representation, and narration, portraying the slow, unnoticed, unmeasured, and cumulative disaster. It shows how literary texts, in their cultural bearing, enable the reader to realize that human activity is the common link between environmental disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the relationship between religion and football has gained considerable interest during the last twenty years, scant attention has been paid to the relationship between pilgrimage and football. This paper seeks to advance the study of this relationship through an exploration of collective memory about football disasters that throws fresh light on central themes within pilgrimage studies—pilgrimage as both a journey to a sacred place and the performance of diverse rituals at such places. The paper explores, in particular, the ways in which three different tragedies involving English football clubs have been commemorated through journeys to and ritual performance at places seen as sacred to those involved in commemoration—football stadiums and urban spaces, and cathedrals and pilgrimage shrines in England, Germany and Italy. Through this analysis, we seek to show how the commemoration of football disaster is linked to pilgrimage as a process where people seek healing and reconciliation through the public performance of rituals that link the local to the global. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 lockdown, cultural heritage institutions responded promptly to this difficult time by launching a series of digital collections of traces of this historical moment. Due to the limitations of the lockdown, such collections have generally focused on the intimate dimension of the pandemic, representing represented the outside world (streets, shops, cultural venues, etc.) as a site of emptiness. This paper examines the 'Windows in lockdown' initiative, which aimed to collect photographs of the messages displayed in physical locations during the lockdown period. The collection was carried out through an action research approach based on a participatory platform and social media. A collection of 1,224 photos taken in France between March and May 2020 was built. This paper analyses this collection through a social semiotics approach. The analysis highlights the role played by the outside world as a generator of an alternative collective memory during COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ultimately unsuccessful 1935 campaign by Kentuckian Mary Darby Fitzhugh to erect a national memorial to honor the song "Dixie" and its Ohio-born composer, Daniel Decatur Emmett. Locating Fitzhugh's campaign in the larger effort by Confederate heritage groups to promote a southern perspective on the Civil War, it examines why and how proponents of the Lost Cause came to embrace both the song "Dixie" and blackface performer Dan Emmett as symbols of sectional reconciliation. The story of the "Dixie" memorial also highlights the work of Confederate heritage groups outside the South and the ways in which their efforts shaped the commemorative culture in Emmett's hometown of Mount Vernon, Ohio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2011, something surprising happened in terms of Australian feminist cultural memory: a celebratory feminism arrived in the shape of the hugely popular ABC television mini-series, Paper Giants: The Birth of Cleo. Eschewing dour social realism for a stylish and ludic narrative, Paper Giants uses the story of the women's magazine Cleo to tell the story of Australian women's liberation. This essay analyses the components of the mini-series' celebratory feminist aesthetics, examining the ways in which it mobilises feminist tropes to speak an intelligible feminist language in postfeminist times. Further, I detail how women's liberation becomes central to the national historical narrative underpinning the programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This essay describes a campaign by nationalist Japanese journalist Komori Yoshihisa against a public symposium and workshop on historical memory and reconciliation in East Asia held at George Washington University in 2003. When conservative politicians, led from behind the scenes by current prime minister Abe Shinzo, alleged anti-Japan bias in the Diet (parliament), the cosponsor and funder of the workshop, the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership, wilted under intense political pressure from the Right, lost its autonomy within the Japan Foundation, and withdrew support for the book project. A counterprotest in defense of academic freedom by senior American Japan specialists revived the workshop only to have the Foreign Ministry intervene. Funder interference-insistence on progovernment authors-undermined the project and the essay collection based on conference papers was never published. Fear of the Right led American and Japanese professors to reject a highly qualified fellowship applicant in 2015 and still haunts prominent bilateral intellectual exchange competitions. This essay's scrutiny of the Komori Affair leads it to other contemporary concerns, such as the integrity of peer review in a context of funder intervention and the compromise of US academic partners dependent on intellectual exchange activities bankrolled by foreign governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An expanding literature on money and identity is built around the assumption that political elites deliberately use currency design to foster national identities. However, the empirical evidence in favor of this assumption has been fragmentary. Drawing on detailed primary sources we demonstrate nationalist intentions of political elites involved in currency design. We also examine how political elites use banknotes as official pronouncements on who is and who is not part of the nation and what the official attitude toward foreigners is. By tracing changes in the inclusive and exclusive messages directed at an intra-state or international audience we document that there is no connection between ingroup (national) love and outgroup (foreigners, minorities, opposition) hate. The amount of exclusive messages to outgroups culminated in conditions of perceived threat when political leaders tried to mobilize pre-existing identities to secure or maintain political power. In contrast, the officials deliberately tried to broaden ingroup boundaries in order to build international communities. Finally, we document that in the case of limited support for the new conception of identity, officials tried to depict the old and the new identity as complementary, embedding the new identity in existing discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to understand the tensions inherent to the commemoration of a difficult and conflicted past and the conservation of dissonant heritage. It explores the politics of memory and identity, and the power struggles that underscore the heritagisation process through a study of the transformation of Rio de Janeiro's port in preparation to host the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics. The paper uses the notion of heritage dissonance to shed light upon contemporary struggles over the interpretation of the port's contested history and explores the debates that have surrounded the 'discovery' of archeological remains, which exposed a controversial past marked by collective amnesia. The paper identifies various actions, instruments, and strategies used by various actors to either support or undermine the project, from inertia and obstructionism to memorialisation and ritual agency. The analysis of these findings reveals the transformative potential of heritage, as an instrument of empowerment in the ideological battle over collective memory, and a tool of resistance against historical denial. It discusses the way debates over heritage have stimulated public debate, inflected the official historical narrative, and allowed the legacies of slavery to infiltrate collective consciousness. The paper concludes with a discussion of how heritage dissonance can engender actions leading to conflict mediation, thereby promoting reconciliation and dialogue, and, ultimately, societal change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will bring forth the memory of a community that has seen immense death and heartbreak as a result of wars and political unrest in the region. Easterine Kire is a poet and novelist who has written extensively on her people, the Nagas. Kire mainly writes about the Angami Nagas in her works of fiction, which are mostly based on real-life events. Her novels Mari (2010), A Respectable Woman (2019) and Bitter Wormwood (2011) will be taken into study. In these three novels, Easterine Kire tells the story of her people, how they fought the "white-man's war" and the Naga insurgency against the Indian union in their struggle to be a free state. The latter part of the paper will focus on the task of the writer, how s/he has to write about the unadulterated history of their people. The task of writing "ourselves/themselves" thus becomes a combined effort of the writer and the people when collective memories are recollected and put in print for future generations. This paper also acts as a detailed review of the mentioned three novels of Easterine Kire while discussing matters such as memory, history and trauma. The last part of the paper focuses on Easterine Kire's reflections on her own novel Bitter Wormwood and her purpose of writing the novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The archetypal symbols of Mazu's statues and pictorial art are the mapping of a religious concept, a way of belief, and some programmed behaviours and rituals. They are also emotional imagery used to arouse the cultural awareness of international Chinese, inspire them to help and trust each other, to encourage and to comfort each other, to share weal and woe, and to always forge ahead. From the perspectives of historical memory, visual signs, and cultural identity, this paper explores the construction of archetypal symbols for the statues and images of Mazu. In addition, this paper generalizes the foundation and methods of this construction by analyzing the artistic forms and characteristics of the surviving Mazu images and statues and comparing the rules and regulations for making statues of other religions. Moreover, we consider the function of artistic signs that refer to and symbolize broader religious concepts and beliefs. The purpose of this work is to make the image of Mazu more visually present and strengthen cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A damping system always results in energy consumption. This paper studies an exponentially damped oscillator with historical memory for a viscoelastic damper structure, its stability under an initial response is analyzed analytically and verified numerically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Easter controversy of the late second century unveiled a profound theological and cultural debate within early Christianity. Originating from differing practices regarding the calculation of Easter dates, the dispute pitted the churches of Asia Minor against the Roman Church. This paper primarily employs a method of documentary analysis. It analyzes the accounts provided by the fourth-century historian Eusebius of Caesarea in his work The History of the Church. It is also cross-referenced with the works of second-century Christian writers. Through this process, this paper seeks to reconstruct the situation of this Easter controversy. Furthermore, it aims to uncover the struggle for apostolic authority concealed beneath the surface of this debate over dates. Central figures like Victor I and Polycrates engaged in this struggle for Apostolic authority, responding to challenges posed by heresies. Victor I leveraged his position to convene religious conferences and issue excommunication decrees against dissenting churches, laying claim to the papal primacy. However, Polycrates invoked the apostolic succession and heritage from John the Apostle to assert the legitimacy of the churches in Asia Minor, challenging Victor I's attempts at centralizing power within the Roman see. The controversy reflected broader debates over apostolic succession and ecclesiastical power structures. The Easter controversy serves as a case study of the Early Church's engagement with practical theology and the integration of religious festival culture with social backgrounds, highlighting the significance of Easter as a symbol of Christian unity and collective memory. This debate highlighted theological nuances and underscored broader issues of communal identity and the power struggle within early Christian communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper problematizes Ghatak’s Marxist treatment of the Bengali as well as the Brahmanical repertoire of cultural knowledge, for the purpose of carving out a Communist significance of the period. Rather than a recontextualization of traditional myths, the paper reads in this attitude a nostalgic particularistic abstraction of a rich array of aesthetic ideas, which are best appreciated in their diverse cultural context. The paper argues that Ghatak utilizes creative opuses of vast potential to serve political goals, with an aim of strengthening the East Bengali immigrant population in post-Partition West Bengal. The paper criticizes how Ghatak breaks down the traditions from different spatial and temporal coordinates for serving the representation of the plights of the Bengali Refugee – making a powerful integrated identity of the traumatized subject at the expense of erasing class, caste, communal and gender distinctions. In this, there is an effort to fashion an imaginary unified East Bengali sub-national entity, which is politically evened out for realization of unique identity and clout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an exploration of cinematic memory as a resource for remembering large-scale Keralan migration to the Gulf since the late 1960s. The south Indian state of Kerala, which predominantly speaks Malayalam, is a major contributor to the migrant labour force in the Gulf region for the last five decades. However, until recently, the migrant figured in the public discourse of Kerala as an economic agent alone. There has been increasing instances of memorialising the Gulf in the Malayalam public sphere since the beginning of the 2000s which brings to light the subjective aspects of the Gulf migration. However, what is lost in these accounts is the simultaneity and interlinked nature of the two places. Cinema, on the other hand, offers resources to inscribe the mutuality of the two places in the collective memory of Kerala. Invoking Pierre Nora's concept of places of memory, the paper looks at cinematic renditions of 'Dubai' as one such site of memory in the present when the image of Dubai and the profile of Keralan migrant has undergone a shift. Taking the example of one Malayalam film, Pathemari (Salim Ahamed, 2015), and tracing its cinematic genealogy, this paper analyses the ways in which 'Dubai' is remembered and how this remembrance inscribes the Gulf as part of the collective memory of Kerala. The paper identifies the persistence of filmed space, intertextuality, and the archivality of the star body as the modes in which cinematic memory achieves this collective memorialisation. The mutuality between Kerala and Dubai, offered by cinematic memory, allows it to be an act of affective citizenship on the part of the migrants, i.e. embodied and sensorial acts of claiming the universal right to have rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern electronic warfare, radar intelligence has become increasingly crucial when dealing with complex interference environments. This paper combines radar agile frequency technology with reinforcement learning to achieve adaptive frequency hopping for radar anti-jamming. Unlike traditional reinforcement learning with Markov decision processes (MDPs), the interaction between radar and jammers occurs within the partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). In this context, the partial observation information available to the agent does not strictly satisfy the Markov property. This paper uses multiple layers of historical observation information to solve this problem. Historical observations can be viewed as a time series, and time-sensitive networks are employed to extract the temporal information embedded within the observations. In addition, the reward function is optimized to facilitate the faster learning of the agent in the jammer sweep environment. This simulation shows that the optimization of the agent state, network structure, and reward function can effectively help the radar to resist jamming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hong Kong's cultural heritage and tourism offerings include several prominent symbols and legacies drawn from the waters that surround it, including dragon boat racing, Tin Hau temples honouring the Goddess of the sea, and iconic junk boats sailing on the harbour. Within the growing field of Hong Kong heritage studies, however, there has been little work addressing these and other aspects of its maritime past. This paper addresses this contradiction, of the simultaneous presence and absence of maritime heritage. It does so by considering the story of the 'coming ashore' (上岸) of people who lived on boats in the fishing centre of Aberdeen on the south side of Hong Kong Island. In the 1960s, many of them moved into Yue Kwong Chuen, an early public housing estate which is now being redeveloped. Drawing on archival research and oral history interviews, we consider the significance of the estate as an important example of the heritage of public housing that sheds light on the status of boat dwellers, excluded for centuries in South China, and their eventual incorporation into land-based society. The paper contributes new insights on collective memory and identity formation in Hong Kong under and after colonial rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]