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Mr. Malthus confesses that his proposal to exclude them would not remove the evil, and both he and Mr. Godwin have declared that the true remedy can alone be found in preventives. I The right of couples "to determine freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children", long taken for granted in most of the world, was formally declared at the 1968 International Conference on Human Rights. [Extracted from the article]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of type of contraceptive usage after counselling in women seeking post abortion care. METHODOLOGY: A quasi experimental trial was conducted at Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics Unit-I, JPMC, Karachi from August 2014 to May 2015. A sample of 753 married women age between 18-40, who had presented for induced abortion were included in the study RESULTS: The mean ± SD age was 31.47±5.54 years which ranged from 18-40 years. After counselling, 59.1% females were started using any method of contraception. Most common method was oral contraceptive pills 27.6%, 14.6% used condoms, 11.4% had intrauterine device while 2.9% used injectable contraceptives, 1.5% used sub dermal implant & 1.1% used tubal ligation. CONCLUSION: The current study found that if females have adequate knowledge about different methods of contraception and their capability to control birth spacing. So females can adopt any methods instead of conceiving unwanted pregnancy and then to go for induced abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contraception following delivery or an induced abortion reduces the risk of an early unintended pregnancy and its associated adverse health consequences. Unmet need for contraception during the postpartum period and contraceptive counseling and services following abortion have been the focus of efforts for the last several decades. This article provides an introduction to the more focused contributions that follow in this special issue. We discuss the validity and measurement of the concept of unmet need for family planning during the postpartum period. We then present key findings on postpartum contraceptive protection, use dynamics, and method mix, followed by an assessment of interventions to improve postpartum family planning. The evidence on postabortion contraceptive uptake and continuation of use remains thin, although encouraging results are noted for implementation of comprehensive abortion care and for the impact of post-abortion contraceptive counseling and services. Drawing on these studies, we outline policy and program implications for improving postpartum and post-abortion contraceptive use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By concentrating on abortion, the culture wars have avoided facing a crisis about the end of life. This paper explores four themes: (1) the technological transformation of birth and death into matters of decision, not matters of fact; (2) abortion as the nexus of Eros (sex) with Thanatos (death); (3) the real crisis, conveniently masked by our obsession with sex, looming at the end of life, not at its beginning; (4) the surplus-repression that protects us from assuming responsibility for choosing between life and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate whether the length of the interval between an abortion and the next pregnancy is associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in Latin America.Method: Retrospective cross-sectional study using information from 258,108 women delivering singleton infants and whose previous pregnancy resulted in abortion recorded in the Perinatal Information System database of the Latin American Centre for Perinatology and Human Development, Montevideo, Uruguay, between 1985 and 2002. Adjusted odds ratios were obtained through logistic regression analysis.Result: Compared with the post-abortion interpregnancy intervals of 18 to 23 months, intervals shorter than 6 months were significantly associated with increased risks of maternal anemia, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight, very low birth weight, preterm delivery, and very preterm delivery.Conclusion: In Latin America, post-abortion interpregnancy intervals shorter than 6 months are independently associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in the next pregnancy.Definition: Post-abortion interpregnancy interval (PAII): the time elapsed between the day of the abortion and the first day of the last menstrual period for the index pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prospective study conducted between 1995 and 1998 assessed trends in contraceptive use in rural Rakai District, Uganda. Over a period of 30 months, women's use of modern contraceptives increased significantly from 11 percent to 20 percent. Male condom use increased from 10 percent to 17 percent. The prevalence of pregnancy among sexually active women 15-49 declined significantly from 15 percent to 13 percent. Women practicing family planning for pregnancy prevention were predominantly in the 20-39-year age group, married, better educated, and had higher parity than others, whereas women or men adopting condoms were predominantly young, unmarried, and better educated. Condom use was particularly high among individuals reporting multiple sexual partners or extramarital relationships. Contraceptive use was higher among women who desired fewer children, among those who wished to space or terminate childbearing, and among women with previous experience of unwanted births or abortions. Self-perception of HIV risk increased condom use, but HIV testing and counseling had only modest effects. Contraception for pregnancy prevention and for HIV/STD prophylaxis are complementary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions (repeaters) are compared with women who have had live births and no spontaneous abortions (multiparae) and women who have had live births and only one spontaneous abortion (sporadics) to identify characteristics of the women and their abortuses that might predict subsequent fetal loss. A number of risk factors for recurrent spontaneous abortion have been identified: the loss of a chromosomally normal conception, loss after the first trimester of pregnancy, a delay in conceiving prior to the study pregnancy, a diagnosis of cervical incompetence, and a history of very low birthweight deliveries. The odds ratios associated with being a repeater vary from 1.4 to 5.6 depending on the number of characteristics present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method of estimating the number of births averted due to induced abortions by utilising the data on prospective birth intervals of the women. Numerical illustrations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reports on the decrease in the rate of abortion in Russia in 1994 according to the study "New Estimates of Induced Abortion in Russia." The abortion rate in Russia may no longer be as high as official figures in the past indicated, according to an analysis of data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS). The 1994 round of the survey, which included 2,933 women aged 15-49, asked women about their abortion experience in the previous 12 months. Results suggest that the 1994 abortion rate was 56 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-49, considerably lower than the 1992 rate based on official statistics for abortions performed in hospitals-estimated in various studies at 98 and 81 abortions per 1,000 women. .