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Due to the continuous development of underground engineering (underground surrounding rock stability, hot dry rock production, etc.), the thermal damage of granite has attracted much attention. In order to explore the effect of heating up to 800 °C on the physical properties, such as mass, color, roughness, wave velocity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity, of granite in China, the results indicate that the physical properties of granite change significantly with an increase in temperature. The surface roughness, cracks, heat capacity, lightness, and coordinates a ⁎ (green-red) and b ⁎ (blue-yellow) show a significant increase between 400 °C and 600 °C. However, the thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and P-wave velocity decrease as the heat treatment temperature increases, especially after 400 °C. By using numerical simulation, it is found that the heat transfer in the Luhui granite is affected by the heat treatment temperature and thermal conductivity. When the heat treatment temperature is lower than 500 °C, the heat transfer rate increases with an increase in temperature; on the other hand, when the heat treatment temperature is higher than 500 °C, the heat transfer rate decreases with an increase in temperature, and 500 °C is considered as the critical temperature. • Temperature has a great influence on the granite surface color, roughness and cracks. • The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity decrease significantly above 400 °C. • Thermal damage affects the heat transfer rate, and 500 °C is the turning point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]