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Abstract: Schizophrenia is thought to be associated with abnormalities during neurodevelopment although those disturbances usually remain silent until puberty; suggesting that postnatal brain maturation precipitates the emergence of psychosis. In an attempt to model neurodevelopmental defects in the rat, brain cellular proliferation was briefly interrupted with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) during late gestation at embryonic day 17 (E17). The litters were explored at pre- and post-puberty and compared with E17 saline-injected rats. We measured spontaneous and provoked locomotion, working memory test, social interaction, and prepulse inhibition (PPI). As compared with the saline-exposed rats, the E17 MAM-exposed rats exhibited spontaneous hyperactivity that emerged only after puberty. At adulthood, they also exhibited hypersensitivity to the locomotor activating effects of a mild stress and a glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist (MK-801), as well as PPI deficits whereas before puberty no perturbations were observed. In addition, spatial working memory did not undergo the normal peri-pubertal maturation seen in the sham rats. Social interaction deficits were observed in MAM rats, at both pre- and post-puberty. Our study further confirms that transient prenatal disruption of neurogenesis by MAM at E17 is a valid behavioral model for schizophrenia as it is able to reproduce some fundamental features of schizophrenia with respect to both phenomenology and temporal pattern of the onset of symptoms and deficits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Depuis sa création, le centre psychiatrique d'orientation et d'accueil (CPOA) reçoit et prend en charge les patients mineurs de 16 à 18 ans. Parmi eux le taux de patients mineurs non accompagnés (MNA) n'a cessé d'augmenter, passant de 10 % en 2016 à 12 % en 2018. La rencontre des patients MNA survient le plus souvent à l'acmé de la crise, quand leurs ressources personnelles sont dépassées et que ces jeunes expriment un état de souffrance psychique sévère. Notre objectif était de comprendre qui sont ces jeunes MNA que l'on accueille, tant dans leurs particularités que dans les points communs cliniques et thérapeutiques qu'ils partagent avec les autres adolescents. Nous avons pour cela mené une étude de cohorte rétrospective et observationnelle sur les 52 patients MNA accueillis au CPOA en 2018 afin de dresser leur portrait, d'identifier les spécificités de leur prise en charge, de leur orientation et de leur accès aux soins, pour ensuite mettre en regard ces résultats à ceux des autres patients mineurs non MNA accueillis au CPOA la même année. Les MNA rencontrés au CPOA en 2018 sont le plus souvent des garçons âgés de 16 à 17 ans, aux ressources limitées et dans une grande détresse psychique exprimée par une symptomatologie psychiatrique aiguë. Les MNA présentent davantage de crise suicidaire (19 %) que les patients mineurs non MNA (13 %) et leur prise en charge montrait davantage de consultations prolongées au CPOA (44 % contre 41 %) dénotant les dimensions de précarité et d'isolement qui compliquent la sectorisation et l'étayage ambulatoire de ces jeunes. Cette étude a également permis de nous interroger sur l'existence de prises en charge en urgence pour les MNA. Même s'il existe peu de recommandations à ce jour, il est important de se saisir d'une réintroduction du temps dans l'urgence, afin de recréer une unité de lieu et de temps suffisamment contenante pour des jeunes dont le parcours de vie est émaillé de ruptures. Since its creation, the Psychiatric Guidance and Reception Centre (CPOA) has received and cared for patients aged 16 to 18. Among them, the rate of Unaccompanied Minor Refugees (UMR) has steadily increased, from 10% in 2016 to 12% in 2018. Meeting UMR patients most often occurs at the peak of their crisis, when their personal resources are overwhelmed and when they experience a severe state of psychological suffering. Our objective was to understand who UMR are concerning the particularities and the similarities they could share at clinical and therapeutic levels with other adolescents. We conducted a retrospective and observational cohort study of the 52 UMR received at the CPOA in 2018 in order to draw a portrait of them, to identify the specificities of their care, their guidance and their access to care, and to compare them with other young non UMR patients. UMR we met at CPOA in 2018 were most often boys aged 16 to 17, with limited resources and in great psychological distress. UMR had more suicidal behaviors (19%) than other minor patients (13%), and our results showed more prolonged consultations for UMR than non UMR at the CPOA (44% versus 41%), indicating that the isolated situation of UMRs complicates their ambulatory support. This study also allowed us to question the existence of emergency care specially dedicated to UMR. Although there are few recommendations to date, it seems important to reintroduce time into their care, in order to recreate a unit, which has sufficient place and time for these young patients whose lives are marked by many breakdowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]