21 results on '"Cardenas, Laura M."'
Search Results
2. Revisiting sampling duration to estimate N2O emission factors for manure application and cattle excreta deposition for the UK and Ireland
- Author
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Vangeli, Sebastian, Cardenas, Laura M., Posse, Gabriela, Chadwick, Dave R., Krol, Dominika J., Thorman, Rachel E., Lanigan, Gary J., and Misselbrook, Tom H.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Accelerating the development of biological nitrification inhibition as a viable nitrous oxide mitigation strategy in grazed livestock systems
- Author
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de Klein, Cecile A. M., Bowatte, Saman, Simon, Priscila L., Arango, Jacobo, Cardenas, Laura M., Chadwick, David R., Pijlman, Jeroen, Rees, Robert M., Richards, Karl G., Subbarao, Guntur V., and Whitehead, David
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Nitrogen stabilizers mitigate reactive N and greenhouse gas emissions from an arable soil in North China Plain: Field and laboratory investigation
- Author
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Sha, Zhipeng, Ma, Xin, Loick, Nadine, Lv, Tiantian, Cardenas, Laura M., Ma, Yan, Liu, Xuejun, and Misselbrook, Tom
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Climate change and N2O emissions from South West England grasslands: A modelling approach
- Author
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Abalos, Diego, Cardenas, Laura M., and Wu, Lianhai
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Development and deployment of an analyser for measurements of formaldehyde in the troposphere
- Author
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Cardenas, Laura M.
- Subjects
551.5 - Published
- 1997
7. Disaggregated N2O emission factors in China based on cropping parameters create a robust approach to the IPCC Tier 2 methodology
- Author
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Shepherd, Anita, Yan, Xiaoyuan, Nayak, Dali, Newbold, Jamie, Moran, Dominic, Dhanoa, Mewa Singh, Goulding, Keith, Smith, Pete, and Cardenas, Laura M.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from a barley field amended with organic fertilizers under Mediterranean climatic conditions
- Author
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Meijide, Ana, Cárdenas, Laura M., Sánchez-Martín, Laura, and Vallejo, Antonio
- Published
- 2010
9. Beneficial effects of multi-species mixtures on N2O emissions from intensively managed grassland swards
- Author
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Cummins, Saoirse, Finn, John A., Richards, Karl G., Lanigan, Gary J., Grange, Guylain, Brophy, Caroline, Cardenas, Laura M., Misselbrook, Tom H., Reynolds, Christopher K., and Krol, Dominika J.
- Abstract
In a field experiment, annual nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and grassland yield were measured across different plant communities, comprising systematically varying combinations of monocultures and mixtures of three functional groups (FG): grasses (Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense), legumes (Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens) and herbs (Cichorium intybus, Plantago lanceolata). Plots received 150 kg ha−1 year−1 nitrogen (N) (150 N), except L. perenne monocultures which received two N levels: 150 N and 300 N. The effect of plant diversity on N2O emissions was derived from linear combinations of species performances' in monoculture (species identity) and not from strong interactions between species in mixtures. Increasing from 150 N to 300 N in L. perenne resulted in a highly significant increase in cumulative N2O emissions from 1.39 to 3.18 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1. Higher N2O emissions were also associated with the legume FG. Emissions intensities (yield-scaled N2O emissions) from multi-species mixture communities around the equi-proportional mixture were lowered due to interactions among species. For N2O emissions scaled by nitrogen yield in forage, the 6-species mixture was significantly lower than L. perenne at both 300 N and 150 N. In comparison to 300 N L. perenne, the same N yield or DM yield could have been produced with the equi-proportional 6-species mixture (150 N) while reducing N2O losses by 63% and 58% respectively. Compared to 150 N L. perenne, the same N yield or DM yield could have been produced with the 6-species mixture while reducing N2O losses by 41% and 24% respectively. Overall, this study found that multi-species grasslands can potentially reduce both N2O emissions and emissions intensities, contributing to the sustainability of grassland production.
- Published
- 2021
10. Effect of Cow Urine Nitrogen Rates and Moisture Conditions on Nitrogen Mineralization in Andisol from Southern Chile.
- Author
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Ramírez-Sandoval, Magdalena, Pinochet, Dante, Rivero, M. Jordana, and Cardenas, Laura M.
- Subjects
VOLCANIC soils ,URINE ,UREA ,COWS ,MOISTURE ,MINERALIZATION ,SOIL drying - Abstract
Urea present in cattle urine contributes large amounts of nitrogen (N) to grazed pastures, which can be the equivalent to approximately 1000 kg N ha
−1 . However, there are no studies in volcanic soils of southern Chile on the effect of different concentrations of urinary N deposited in the soil, nor of the effect different wetting and drying conditions mimicking the variation in weather conditions on the nitrification process from urea to NH4 + and total oxidized nitrogen (TON) over time. In addition, the inhibition of nitrification driven by the accumulation of NH3 at high rates of N applied to Andisol has not been evaluated. Fresh cattle urine was applied at three different rates of N equivalent to 247 kg N ha−1 (Low N), 461 kg N ha−1 (Medium N), and 921 kg N ha−1 (High N), as well as deionized water as a control. Further, three moisture conditions were imposed: constant moisture (CM), drying–rewetting (DRW) cycles at 7-day intervals, and soil drying (SD). Destructive soil core samples were evaluated for top and bottom halves individually every 7 days over a 36-day period to measure changes on inorganic N and pH. There were no interaction effects for N rates and soil moisture. The main effect of the different rates of N on mineralization was significant throughout the incubation period, while the effect of the different moisture conditions was variable over time. High N was associated with elevated NH3 concentrations and could explain why total N mineralization was partially inhibited. These results suggest that the presence of different nitrifying microorganisms in soil under different chemical and physical conditions determines nitrification, and thus, the oxidation of ammonia should be studied in more detail as the first step of nitrification, specifically in volcanic soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Effect of Yerba Mate Extract as Feed Additive on Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emissions in Beef Cattle.
- Author
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Pena-Bermudez, Yuli A., Vincenzi, Rafaela, Meo-Filho, Paulo, Sakamoto, Leandro S., Lobo, Richard, Benetel, Gabriela, Lobo, Annelise, Matos, Carol, Benetel, Vanderlei, Lima, Cesar G., Berndt, Alexandre, Cardenas, Laura M., and Bueno, Ives C. S.
- Subjects
METHANE fermentation ,SHORT-chain fatty acids ,BEEF cattle ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,FEEDLOTS ,MATE plant - Abstract
Simple Summary: The livestock sector contributes a considerable proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. Mechanisms must be developed in this sector to reduce these gases' emissions. This generates a demand for studies that evaluate plant species or their extracts to define their potential in modulating ruminal fermentation with the objective of reducing enteric methane emissions. The yerba mate extract (YME) is obtained from a plant widely consumed in the southern region of Brazil for its biological properties, with few studies on rumen fermentation, meat quality, and production parameters. For this reason, this study sought to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of YME and analyze its effects on ruminal fermentability, methane emissions, and animal performance. Our results show that the inclusion of YME does not affect ruminal fermentation parameters or apparent digestibility. The inclusion of plant extracts that contain secondary compounds with the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and improve animal performance has gained attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis ST. Hilaire) (YME) on the ruminal parameters. Eight castrated cattle were divided into four groups, a control without YME (0%) and three treatment groups with 0.5, 1 and 2% inclusion of YME in the dry matter. The inclusion of YME did not show differences in ruminal methane emissions (CH
4 ), and total apparent digestibility (p = 0.54). Likewise, YME did not modify ruminal pH, but positively affected NH3 -N, which decreased linearly as the extract level in the diet increased (p = 0.01). No short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were influenced by YME, except isovaleric acid (p = 0.01), which showed a lower concentration in the inclusion of 2% YME. Our results show that up to 2% YME does not affect digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters, or the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the rumen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Legacy effects override soil properties for CO2 and N2O but not CH4 emissions following digestate application to soil.
- Author
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Rosace, Maria Chiara, Veronesi, Fabio, Briggs, Stephen, Cardenas, Laura M., and Jeffery, Simon
- Subjects
FARM manure ,SOILS ,STIMULATED emission ,HISTOSOLS ,GREEN manure crops - Abstract
The application of organic materials to soil can recycle nutrients and increase organic matter in agricultural lands. Digestate can be used as a nutrient source for crop production but it has also been shown to stimulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from amended soils. While edaphic factors, such as soil texture and pH, have been shown to be strong determinants of soil GHG fluxes, the impact of the legacy of previous management practices is less well understood. Here we aim to investigate the impact of such legacy effects and to contrast them against soil properties to identify the key determinants of soil GHG fluxes following digestate application. Soil from an already established field experiment was used to set up a pot experiment, to evaluate N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from cattle‐slurry‐digestate amended soils. The soil had been treated with farmyard manure, green manure or synthetic N‐fertilizer, 18 months before the pot experiment was set up. Following homogenization and a preincubation stage, digestate was added at a concentration of 250 kg total N/ha eq. Soil GHG fluxes were then sampled over a 64 day period. The digestate stimulated emissions of the three GHGs compared to controls. The legacy of previous soil management was found to be a key determinant of CO2 and N2O flux while edaphic variables did not have a significant effect across the range of variables included in this experiment. Conversely, edaphic variables, in particular texture, were the main determinant of CH4 flux from soil following digestate application. Results demonstrate that edaphic factors and current soil management regime alone are not effective predictors of soil GHG flux response following digestate application. Knowledge of the site management in terms of organic amendments is required to make robust predictions of the likely soil GHG flux response following digestate application to soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Modelling nitrous oxide emissions from grazed grassland systems.
- Author
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Wang, Junye, Cardenas, Laura M., Misselbrook, Tom H., Cuttle, Steve, Thorman, Rachel E., and Li, Changsheng
- Subjects
EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,NITROUS oxide ,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY ,AGRICULTURAL ecology ,GRAZING & the environment ,EFFECT of grazing on plants ,GRASSLANDS ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Grazed grassland systems are an important component of the global carbon cycle and also influence global climate change through their emissions of nitrous oxide and methane. However, there are huge uncertainties and challenges in the development and parameterisation of process-based models for grazed grassland systems because of the wide diversity of vegetation and impacts of grazing animals. A process-based biogeochemistry model, DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC), has been modified to describe N
2 O emissions for the UK from regional conditions. This paper reports a new development of UK-DNDC in which the animal grazing practices were modified to track their contributions to the soil nitrogen (N) biogeochemistry. The new version of UK-DNDC was tested against datasets of N2 O fluxes measured at three contrasting field sites. The results showed that the responses of the model to changes in grazing parameters were generally in agreement with observations, showing that N2 O emissions increased as the grazing intensity increased. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Development and application of a detailed inventory framework for estimating nitrous oxide and methane emissions from agriculture
- Author
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Wang, Junye, Cardenas, Laura M., Misselbrook, Tom H., and Gilhespy, Sarah
- Subjects
- *
NITROUS oxide & the environment , *METHANE & the environment , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *AGRICULTURE & the environment , *GREENHOUSE gases & the environment , *ESTIMATES , *LEACHING , *LIVESTOCK , *AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Abstract: A detailed inventory framework was developed to estimate nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions from UK agriculture using the IPCC approach. The inventory framework model was illustrated by combining relevant emission factors with agricultural census data for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland for the year 2000 to derive country-specific emission estimates which were summed to derive the UK total. The framework enables simple assessment to be made of the impact on national emissions of using different emission factors (EFs) (e.g. site- or local-specific compared with IPCC default factors). The framework was used to calculate the average annual emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) for specific livestock and crops, and amounts lost through volatilisation, leaching and runoff for each country in the UK. The framework provides a simple, realistic and transparent approach to estimating national emissions and can easily be updated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Factors Affecting Site Use Preference of Grazing Cattle Studied from 2000 to 2020 through GPS Tracking: A Review.
- Author
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Rivero, M. Jordana, Grau-Campanario, Patricia, Mullan, Siobhan, Held, Suzanne D. E., Stokes, Jessica E., Lee, Michael R. F., Cardenas, Laura M., and Michie, Craig
- Subjects
GRAZING ,HOME range (Animal geography) ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,CATTLE ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,SUSTAINABLE development - Abstract
Understanding the behaviour of grazing animals at pasture is crucial in order to develop management strategies that will increase the potential productivity of grazing systems and simultaneously decrease the negative impact on the environment. The objective of this review was to summarize and analyse the scientific literature that has addressed the site use preference of grazing cattle using global positioning systems (GPS) collars in the past 21 years (2000–2020) to aid the development of more sustainable grazing livestock systems. The 84 studies identified were undertaken in several regions of the world, in diverse production systems, under different climate conditions and with varied methodologies and animal types. This work presents the information in categories according to the main findings reviewed, covering management, external and animal factors driving animal movement patterns. The results showed that some variables, such as stocking rate, water and shade location, weather conditions and pasture (terrain and vegetation) characteristics, have a significant impact on the behaviour of grazing cattle. Other types of bio-loggers can be deployed in grazing ruminants to gain insights into their metabolism and its relationship with the landscape they utilise. Changing management practices based on these findings could improve the use of grasslands towards more sustainable and productive livestock systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Systematic Review of Integrated Sustainable Transportation Models for Electric Passenger Vehicle Diffusion.
- Author
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Lopez-Arboleda, Esteban, Sarmiento, Alfonso T., and Cardenas, Laura M.
- Abstract
Ensuring energy security, stopping climate change, and improving urban air quality are the three main challenges of this century that are being addressed by governments globally. The transportation sector contributes significantly to these issues. Sustainable transport involves the consideration of three dimensions—economic development, environmental preservation, and social development—and one of its aspects is the focus on the transition towards electric vehicles. The sustainable transportation is a complex system with multiple relationships and feedback between their elements. Understanding this complexity in an integrated and holistic manner is a challenge that must be addressed. To obtain insight into this complexity, we perform a systematic review of studies in which the demand and supply components of the passenger transportation sector were modelled in an integrated manner along with the dimensions of sustainability. All the reviewed previous studies had taken into consideration both the economic and environmental dimensions; however, only a few had also considered social development. The holistic and systematic integration of the dimensions of sustainability along with their relationships and feedback would facilitate a better understanding of the transportation sector and promote the development of better policies for improving the diffusion of passenger electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Understanding synergies between electric-vehicle market dynamics and sustainability: Case study of Colombia.
- Author
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Lopez-Arboleda, Esteban, Sarmiento, Alfonso T., and Cardenas, Laura M.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC automobiles , *ELECTRIC vehicles , *SUSTAINABILITY , *SUSTAINABLE transportation , *SYSTEM dynamics , *SOCIAL impact - Abstract
Electric vehicles (EV) are considered an option for reducing the transport sector's environmental impacts. Motivated by environmental concerns, governments are formulating policies for the promotion of EV. However, the EV transition has more than environmental benefits; it also has economic and social impacts that are usually not considered. Understanding the effects of the transition to EV on sustainability has become increasingly important in the appropriate public policies formulation and evaluation. This article presents a system dynamics model representing the Colombian EV market and the relationships between the market dynamics and sustainability. This model is used to understand the synergistic effects between the Colombian-market dynamics and sustainability system. The results show that the synergies between market dynamics and sustainability are important. Neglecting them would result in different behaviours from those exhibited in real life and overestimating performance measures. Therefore, the effects of policies that promote EVs would be inadequate if synergies are not considered. This approach is a first step towards improving the understanding of sustainable transport impacts from a holistic perspective and can formulate more robust policies. • System dynamics model broadens understanding of EV market and sustainability feedbacks • Synergistic and constant growth model of the system are compared • Analysis of extreme market scenarios to capture maximum impacts on sustainability • Synergies assessment between Colombian EV market dynamics and sustainability • Constant growth model fails to represent dynamics between sustainability and market [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Relative contributions of bacteria and fungi to nitrous oxide emissions following nitrate application in soils representing different land uses.
- Author
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Castellano-Hinojosa, Antonio, Le Cocq, Kate, Charteris, Alice F., Abadie, Maider, Chadwick, David R., Clark, Ian M., González-López, Jesús, Bedmar, Eulogio J., and Cardenas, Laura M.
- Subjects
- *
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *SOILS , *NITROUS oxide , *CARBON dioxide , *LAND use , *FUNGAL genes - Abstract
Bacteria and fungi have been shown to produce nitrous oxide (N 2 O) during denitrification, but their contribution after nitrate (NO 3 −) application to soil is not clearly established. In a microcosm experiment, the relative contribution of bacteria and fungi to N 2 O and carbon dioxide (CO 2) production by four contrasting soils representing different land uses after KNO 3 addition was studied. The soils were daily wetted to 80% water-filled pore space (WFPS) and kept under greenhouse conditions for 10 days. The fungicide cycloheximide and the bactericide streptomycin were used to determine the possible microbial origin of the N 2 O and CO 2 emissions. Non-target effects of the antibiotics on the emission of N 2 O and CO 2 were evaluated using the inhibitor additivity ratio (IAR). The abundance of the bacterial and fungal communities was estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively. The gene copy number of bacterial denitrifiers was calculated after quantification of the nirK , nirS , norB , nosZ I and nosZ II genes. After 10 d, regardless of the soil type, the cumulative N 2 O emission from the soils treated with cycloheximide or streptomycin were similar. In all the four soils, N 2 O fluxes were greater (on average 1.8 ± 0.3 times) in soils amended with the fungicide than with the bactericide during incubation for the first 48–96 h. Greater N 2 O emissions (on average 1.7 ± 0.2 times) were detected in soils where bacteria were inhibited in comparison to those treated with the fungicide from 96 to 240 h. On average, 68.5% of the total CO 2 emitted during the 10-d incubation period was produced in soils treated with the fungicide and 31.5% in those treated with the bactericide. The greater contribution of bacteria to the production of N 2 O than fungi during the first 48–96 h was possibly due to a faster used of nitrate. Variations in the abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, the ITS region, and the nirK , nirS , norB and nosZ I bacterial denitrification genes indicated that the antibiotics used to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi were effective during incubation. These results suggest that both bacteria and fungi should be considered when designing and applying greenhouse gas mitigation strategies in soils and that their relative contribution to produce N 2 O and CO 2 can vary with time and nitrate availability. • In a 10-d microcosm experiment, bacteria dominated fungi for N 2 O emissions during the first 3 d after N-fertilisation. • Fungi dominated bacteria for N 2 O emissions during the remaining 7-d of treatment. • After 10-d, bacteria and fungi similarly contributed to N 2 O production in the four soils analysed. • Bacteria were greater CO 2 producers than fungi after the 10-d treatment in the four soils analysed. • Bacteria and fungi should be considered when designing greenhouse gas mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Editorial: Linking nitrogen cycling transformations to microbial diversity in freshwater ecosystems.
- Author
-
Castellano-Hinojosa A, González-López J, Cardenas LM, and Strauss SL
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Effect of Yerba Mate Extract as Feed Additive on Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emissions in Beef Cattle.
- Author
-
Pena-Bermudez YA, Vincenzi R, Meo-Filho P, Sakamoto LS, Lobo R, Benetel G, Lobo A, Matos C, Benetel V, Lima CG, Berndt A, Cardenas LM, and Bueno ICS
- Abstract
The inclusion of plant extracts that contain secondary compounds with the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and improve animal performance has gained attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis ST. Hilaire) (YME) on the ruminal parameters. Eight castrated cattle were divided into four groups, a control without YME (0%) and three treatment groups with 0.5, 1 and 2% inclusion of YME in the dry matter. The inclusion of YME did not show differences in ruminal methane emissions (CH
4 ), and total apparent digestibility ( p = 0.54). Likewise, YME did not modify ruminal pH, but positively affected NH3 -N, which decreased linearly as the extract level in the diet increased ( p = 0.01). No short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were influenced by YME, except isovaleric acid ( p = 0.01), which showed a lower concentration in the inclusion of 2% YME. Our results show that up to 2% YME does not affect digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters, or the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the rumen.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Legacy effects override soil properties for CO 2 and N 2 O but not CH 4 emissions following digestate application to soil.
- Author
-
Rosace MC, Veronesi F, Briggs S, Cardenas LM, and Jeffery S
- Abstract
The application of organic materials to soil can recycle nutrients and increase organic matter in agricultural lands. Digestate can be used as a nutrient source for crop production but it has also been shown to stimulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from amended soils. While edaphic factors, such as soil texture and pH, have been shown to be strong determinants of soil GHG fluxes, the impact of the legacy of previous management practices is less well understood. Here we aim to investigate the impact of such legacy effects and to contrast them against soil properties to identify the key determinants of soil GHG fluxes following digestate application. Soil from an already established field experiment was used to set up a pot experiment, to evaluate N
2 O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from cattle-slurry-digestate amended soils. The soil had been treated with farmyard manure, green manure or synthetic N-fertilizer, 18 months before the pot experiment was set up. Following homogenization and a preincubation stage, digestate was added at a concentration of 250 kg total N/ha eq. Soil GHG fluxes were then sampled over a 64 day period. The digestate stimulated emissions of the three GHGs compared to controls. The legacy of previous soil management was found to be a key determinant of CO2 and N2 O flux while edaphic variables did not have a significant effect across the range of variables included in this experiment. Conversely, edaphic variables, in particular texture, were the main determinant of CH4 flux from soil following digestate application. Results demonstrate that edaphic factors and current soil management regime alone are not effective predictors of soil GHG flux response following digestate application. Knowledge of the site management in terms of organic amendments is required to make robust predictions of the likely soil GHG flux response following digestate application to soil., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 The Authors. GCB Bioenergy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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