5 results on '"DATABASES"'
Search Results
2. A review of current practices to increase Chlamydia screening in the community - a consumer-centred social marketing perspective.
- Author
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Phillipson, Lyn, Gordon, Ross, Telenta, Joanne, Magee, Chris, and Janssen, Marty
- Subjects
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CHLAMYDIA infection diagnosis , *SEXUALLY transmitted disease diagnosis , *BEHAVIOR modification , *CHLAMYDIA infections , *COMMUNICATION , *DATABASES , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *MEDICAL screening , *MEDLINE , *META-analysis , *ONLINE information services , *PATIENT education , *RESEARCH funding , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Australia, the UK and Europe. Yet, rates of screening for STIs remain low, especially in younger adults. Objective: To assess effectiveness of Chlamydia screening interventions targeting young adults in community‐based settings, describe strategies utilized and assess them according to social marketing benchmark criteria. Search strategy: A systematic review of relevant literature between 2002 and 2012 in Medline, Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health was undertaken. Results: Of 18 interventions identified, quality of evidence was low. Proportional screening rates varied, ranging from: 30.9 to 62.5% in educational settings (n = 4), 4.8 to 63% in media settings (n = 6) and from 5.7 to 44.5% in other settings (n = 7). Assessment against benchmark criteria found that interventions incorporating social marketing principles were more likely to achieve positive results, yet few did this comprehensively. Most demonstrated customer orientation and addressed barriers to presenting to a clinic for screening. Only one addressed barriers to presenting for treatment after a positive result. Promotional messages typically focused on providing facts and accessing a testing kit. Risk assessment tools appeared to promote screening among higher risk groups. Few evaluated treatment rates following positive results; therefore, impact of screening on treatment rates remains unknown. Discussion: Future interventions should consider utilizing a comprehensive social marketing approach, using formative research to increase insight and segmentation and tailoring of screening interventions. Easy community access to both screening and treatment should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Continuous decline in mortality from coronary heart disease in Japan despite a continuous and marked rise in total cholesterol: Japanese experience after the Seven Countries Study.
- Author
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Akira Sekikawa, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Katsuyuki Miura, Kunihiro Nishimura, Willcox, Bradley J., Masaki, Kamal H, Rodriguez, Beatriz, Tracy, Russell P, Tomonori Okamura, Kuller, Lewis H, Sekikawa, Akira, Miyamoto, Yoshihiro, Miura, Katsuyuki, Nishimura, Kunihiro, and Okamura, Tomonori
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CORONARY disease , *PUBLIC health , *BLOOD cholesterol , *MEDICAL statistics , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *ASIANS , *BLOOD pressure , *CHOLESTEROL , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DATABASES , *DIABETES , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *SMOKING , *EVALUATION research , *BODY mass index , *LIFESTYLES ,CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality - Abstract
Background: The Seven Countries Study in the 1960s showed very low mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Japan, which was attributed to very low levels of total cholesterol. Studies of migrant Japanese to the USA in the 1970s documented increase in CHD rates, thus CHD mortality in Japan was expected to increase as their lifestyle became Westernized, yet CHD mortality has continued to decline since 1970. This study describes trends in CHD mortality and its risk factors since 1980 in Japan, contrasting those in other selected developed countries.Methods: We selected Australia, Canada, France, Japan, Spain, Sweden, the UK and the USA. CHD mortality between 1980 and 2007 was obtained from WHO Statistical Information System. National data on traditional risk factors during the same period were obtained from literature and national surveys.Results: Age-adjusted CHD mortality continuously declined between 1980 and 2007 in all these countries. The decline was accompanied by a constant fall in total cholesterol except Japan where total cholesterol continuously rose. In the birth cohort of individuals currently aged 50-69 years, levels of total cholesterol have been higher in Japan than in the USA, yet CHD mortality in Japan remained the lowest: >67% lower in men and > 75% lower in women compared with the USA. The direction and magnitude of changes in other risk factors were generally similar between Japan and the other countries.Conclusions: Decline in CHD mortality despite a continuous rise in total cholesterol is unique. The observation may suggest some protective factors unique to Japanese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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4. One to one interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections and under the age of 18 conceptions: a systematic review of the economic evaluations.
- Author
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Barham, L., Lewis, D., and Latimer, N.
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TEENAGE pregnancy , *SEXUALLY transmitted diseases , *COMMUNICABLE diseases , *MEDICAL care costs , *MEDICAL economics , *PREVENTION of sexually transmitted diseases , *PREVENTION of teenage pregnancy , *EPIDEMIOLOGY of sexually transmitted diseases , *DATABASES , *FERRANS & Powers Quality of Life Index , *COUNSELING , *BENCHMARKING (Management) , *COST effectiveness , *QUALITY-adjusted life years ,MEDICAL care for teenagers - Abstract
Objective: To systematically review and critically appraise the economic evaluations of one to one interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teenage conceptions.Design: Systematic review.Data Sources: Search of four electronic bibliographic databases from 1990 to January 2006. Search keywords included teenage, pregnancy, adolescent, unplanned, unwanted, cost benefit, cost utility, economic evaluation, cost effectiveness and all terms for STIs, including specific diseases.Review Methods: We included studies that evaluated a broad range of one to one interventions to reduce STIs. Outcomes included major outcomes averted, life years and quality adjusted life years (QALY). All studies were assessed against quality criteria.Results: Of 3,190 identified papers, 55 were included. The majority of studies found one to one interventions to be either cost saving or cost effective, although one highlighted the need to target the population to receive post-exposure prophylaxis to reduce transmission of HIV. Most studies used a static approach that ignores the potential re-infection of treated patients.Conclusion: One to one interventions have been shown to be cost saving or cost effective but there are some limitations in applying this evidence to the UK policy context. More UK research using dynamic modelling approaches and QALYs would provide improved evidence, enabling more robust policy recommendations to be made about which one to one interventions are cost effective in reducing STIs in the UK setting. The results of this review can be used by policy makers, health economists and researchers considering further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2007
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5. EHRs: Electronic Health Records or Exceptional Hidden Risks?
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Charette, Robert
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DATA transmission systems , *DATABASES , *ELECTRONIC health records , *ELECTRONIC data processing , *PRIVACY , *MEDICAL care costs , *MEDICAL errors , *MEDICAL record access control , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article discusses initiatives to create and deploy an electronic health record (EHR) system. The system is designed to reduce medical errors and lower health care delivery costs. The author compares approaches and experiences in the United Kingdom (U.K.), United States, and Australia. In Australia and in the U.K., the process of developing the EHR system is funded and controlled by the government. However, in the United States, the government is neither funding nor calling for a centrally located database of EHRs. The article discusses many of the privacy, capacity and technological concerns about the development of EHR systems.
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- 2006
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