4 results on '"CLIMATE change mitigation"'
Search Results
2. Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record.
- Author
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Bond-Lamberty, Ben and Thomson, Allison
- Subjects
- *
SOIL respiration , *CARBON cycle , *BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles , *BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , *CLIMATE change , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *CLIMATOLOGY , *GLOBAL warming , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Soil respiration, RS, the flux of microbially and plant-respired carbon dioxide (CO2) from the soil surface to the atmosphere, is the second-largest terrestrial carbon flux. However, the dynamics of RS are not well understood and the global flux remains poorly constrained. Ecosystem warming experiments, modelling analyses and fundamental biokinetics all suggest that RS should change with climate. This has been difficult to confirm observationally because of the high spatial variability of RS, inaccessibility of the soil medium and the inability of remote-sensing instruments to measure RS on large scales. Despite these constraints, it may be possible to discern climate-driven changes in regional or global RS values in the extant four-decade record of RS chamber measurements. Here we construct a database of worldwide RS observations matched with high-resolution historical climate data and find a previously unknown temporal trend in the RS record after accounting for mean annual climate, leaf area, nitrogen deposition and changes in CO2 measurement technique. We find that the air temperature anomaly (the deviation from the 1961–1990 mean) is significantly and positively correlated with changes in RS. We estimate that the global RS in 2008 (that is, the flux integrated over the Earth’s land surface over 2008) was 98 ± 12 Pg C and that it increased by 0.1 Pg C yr-1 between 1989 and 2008, implying a global RS response to air temperature (Q10) of 1.5. An increasing global RS value does not necessarily constitute a positive feedback to the atmosphere, as it could be driven by higher carbon inputs to soil rather than by mobilization of stored older carbon. The available data are, however, consistent with an acceleration of the terrestrial carbon cycle in response to global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Awareness of Climate Change and the Dietary Choices of Young Adults in Finland: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
- Author
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Jouni J. K. Jaakkola, Essi A. E. Korkala, and Timo T. Hugg
- Subjects
Male ,Atmospheric Science ,Cross-sectional study ,Epidemiology ,Social Sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,Global Health ,01 natural sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sociology ,Environmental protection ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Food choice ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Public and Occupational Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Finland ,2. Zero hunger ,Climatology ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Socioeconomic Aspects of Health ,3. Good health ,Research Design ,Population study ,Medicine ,Female ,Research Article ,Clinical Research Design ,Science ,Climate Change ,Population ,Climate change ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Diet Surveys ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Preferences ,Young Adult ,Environmental health ,Humans ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nutrition ,Demography ,Behavior ,Survey Research ,Global warming ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Confidence interval ,Health Care ,Climate change mitigation ,Survey Methods ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Attitude ,Socioeconomic Factors ,13. Climate action ,Public Opinion ,People and Places ,Earth Sciences ,Linear Models - Abstract
Climate change is a major public health threat that is exacerbated by food production. Food items differ substantially in the amount of greenhouse gases their production generates and therefore individuals, if willing, can mitigate climate change through dietary choices. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study to assess if the understanding of climate change, concern over climate change or socio-economic characteristics are reflected in the frequencies of climate-friendly food choices. The study population comprised 1623 young adults in Finland who returned a self-administered questionnaire (response rate 64.0%). We constructed a Climate-Friendly Diet Score (CFDS) ranging theoretically from −14 to 14 based on the consumption of 14 food items. A higher CFDS indicated a climate-friendlier diet. Multivariate linear regression analyses on the determinants of CFDS revealed that medium concern raised CFDS on average by 0.51 points (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.98) and high concern by 1.30 points (95% CI 0.80, 1.80) compared to low concern. Understanding had no effect on CFDS on its own. Female gender raised CFDS by 1.92 (95% CI 1.59, 2.25). Unemployment decreased CFDS by 0.92 (95% CI −1.68, −0.15). Separate analyses of genders revealed that high concern over climate change brought about a greater increase in CFDS in females than in males. Good understanding of climate change was weakly connected to climate-friendly diet among females only. Our results indicate that increasing awareness of climate change could lead to increased consumption of climate-friendly food, reduction in GHG emissions, and thus climate change mitigation.
- Published
- 2014
4. Why do some people do 'more' to mitigate climate change than others? Exploring heterogeneity in psycho-social associations
- Author
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José Manuel Ortega-Egea, Nieves García-de-Frutos, and Raquel Antolin-Lopez
- Subjects
Male ,Atmospheric Science ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Behavioral engagement ,Behavioral Ecology ,Sociology ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Morphogenesis ,Psychology ,Medicine ,lcsh:Science ,Psychographic ,media_common ,Climatology ,Aged, 80 and over ,Social Research ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Public economics ,Environmental resource management ,Middle Aged ,Research Design ,Female ,Psychosocial ,Research Article ,Adult ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Social Psychology ,Adolescent ,Climate Change ,Climate change ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Young Adult ,Humans ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,Social Behavior ,Aged ,Behavior ,Motivation ,Survey Research ,business.industry ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Global warming ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Morphogenic Segmentation ,Individual level ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Climate change mitigation ,Earth Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Environmental Protection ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The urgency of climate change mitigation calls for a profound shift in personal behavior. This paper investigates psycho-social correlates of extra mitigation behavior in response to climate change, while also testing for potential (unobserved) heterogeneity in European citizens' decision-making. A person's extra mitigation behavior in response to climate change is conceptualized--and differentiated from common mitigation behavior--as some people's broader and greater levels of behavioral engagement (compared to others) across specific self-reported mitigation actions and behavioral domains. Regression analyses highlight the importance of environmental psychographics (i.e., attitudes, motivations, and knowledge about climate change) and socio-demographics (especially country-level variables) in understanding extra mitigation behavior. By looking at the data through the lens of segmentation, significant heterogeneity is uncovered in the associations of attitudes and knowledge about climate change--but not in motivational or socio-demographic links--with extra mitigation behavior in response to climate change, across two groups of environmentally active respondents. The study has implications for promoting more ambitious behavioral responses to climate change, both at the individual level and across countries.
- Published
- 2014
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