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Purpose: Adults born with intellectual disabilities (ID) and motor disabilities (MD) have higher risk of dysphagia and should be assessed to decrease risk of severe complications. However, standardised assessment tools in Swedish are lacking. Methods: The Dysphagia Assessment Package (DAP) was cross‐culturally translated from English to Swedish (DAP‐SE) and tested for content validity by an expert group. Face validity was assessed by five speech and language therapist (SLT) during meal observations (n = 10), and the clinical relevance was reported in a study‐specific questionnaire. Results: The DAP‐SE was culturally adapted within the process of translation and was found to contain clinically relevant aspects to assess and suggest further interventions for adults with ID and MD. Face and content validity was confirmed by the expert group. Conclusion: This study, in which the DAP‐SE was tested in a small sample size, provides the first indications of the instrument's validity with respect to evaluating mealtimes, swallowing function and swallowing safety in adults born with ID and MD. The study adds to the knowledge on how to translate and culturally adapt an assessment tool to clinically assess dysphagia on a complex and vulnerable patient group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: To maintain patients' dignity and well-being and alleviate suffering, it is essential that healthcare providers engage in caring behaviours. Yet, every year patient boards receive an increasing number of complaints from patients and significant others regarding healthcare providers' non-caring behaviours. Defining and measuring both verbal and nonverbal caring and non-caring behaviour in healthcare delivery is vital to address such complaints. However, no studies were found that incorporated a comprehensive theory of caring to code encounters between healthcare providers and patients. Aim: The aim was to develop and test a Caring Behavior Coding Scheme based on Swanson's Theory of Caring. Method: An instrument development process was used for behavioural coding including observational data from thirty-eight video recordings collected in an undergraduate nursing course at a Swedish University. The observational data involved interactions between undergraduate nursing students and a standardised patient. Result: The Caring Behavior Coding Scheme (the CBCS), contains seventeen verbal and eight nonverbal behavioural codes, categorised as caring and non-caring in accordance with Swanson's Theory of Caring. Content and face validity were assessed. Timed-event sequential continuous coding was performed in INTERACT software. The coder achieved excellent agreement with the developed gold standard (k = 0.87) and excellent mean inter-rater reliability (k = 0.82). All domains in Swanson's Theory of Caring were observed and coded in the interaction. Discussion/Conclusion: The CBCS is a theory-based instrument that contributes to research on healthcare providers' behavioural encounters. It uses verbal and nonverbal caring and non-caring behavioural codes to assess the alignment of both the theory and practice of caring. The CBCS can contribute to both development and measurement of interventions focused on improving healthcare providers' caring behaviour with the intended outcome of patient well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe the process of linguistic and content validity of the Swedish version of the PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales and Symptoms Module, measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.Methods: The establishment of linguistic and content validity was carried out in compliance with international standards on patient-reported outcome measurements. The process included forward translation, expert review and reconciliation, backward translation, backward translation review and interviews with 15 children aged 5-18 years with GI tract symptoms and 20 parents of children with GI tract symptoms aged 2-18 years.Results: The Swedish version of the PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales and Symptoms Module (child report 5-18 years, parent report for children 2-18 years) was achieved without major difficulties. Eight issues needed discussion after forward translation, and there was one change after backward translation and three revisions following patient and parent testing.Conclusion: A conceptually equivalent Swedish language version of PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scale and Symptoms Module for children aged 2-18 years old was developed. This enables improved HRQOL evaluations in children with GI disorders in Sweden. Future research using a larger sample is recommended to evaluate validity and reliability of the Swedish language version of the module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]