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According to traditional French historiography, French scientific psychology was born when it differentiated itself from philosophy. This split between the two disciplines is attributed to Taine and Ribot, who, consequently, are considered to be the “founding fathers” of French psychology. In this paper we shall examine the case of Pierre Janet, who, at the turn of the century, was recognized worldwide as the most important French psychologist. It is generally said that he was the follower of Ribot and of Charcot. However, he was also Paul Janet's nephew. Paul Janet was a very well known and influential philosopher of the so-called French “spiritualistic” school, for which psychology was central to philosophy. In 1889, Pierre Janet published his doctoral dissertation, L'Automatisme psychologique, which was immediately considered to be a classic in psychology. We shall argue that this book is as much indebted to the old spiritualistic psychology, which claimed the substantial unity of the self, as to the new psychology at the time, which questioned it. With Pierre Janet, the split between psychology and philosophy in France was reconsidered. It would be more accurate to speak in terms of a compromise between philosophy and the “new” physiological and pathological psychology. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction In developed countries, the physician-patient relationship is moving from a paternalistic model to new decision-making models that take patient preferences into account. Objectives Our aim was to develop a Decision Board (DB) and to test its acceptability in a French Regional Cancer Centre regarding the decision on whether or not to use chemotherapy after surgery in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. This paper presents the development process for this instrument and reports the pretesting phase, as well as the corresponding results. Methods A working group was created with oncologists, psychologists and economists. Following the first phase, i.e. the development process, a first version of the instrument was presented to health professionals. Their feedback led to important modifications of the instrument. The DB was then presented to experienced patients, which resulted in slight changes. The second phase consisted of pretesting the comprehension, internal and across-time consistency of the DB on healthy volunteers. Results The DB was pretested in a group of 40 healthy volunteers. Eighteen respondents chose chemotherapy and 22 chose not to have chemotherapy. Comprehension rates were very high (≥87.5%). Internal consistency was assessed considering option attitudes based on outcomes and option attitudes based on process. Women shifted their choices in a predictable way. Across-time consistency was appraised using the test-retest method with Visual Analog Scales. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.97. Discussion-conclusion Due to cultural differences, the DB developed in our French Cancer Centre is quite different from the DBs previously developed elsewhere. Our instrument showed good comprehension and consistency properties, which are corroborated by the DB literature. Whether our DB is acceptable for patients with breast cancer must still be tested. Patients’ reactions will tell us which type of decision-making model... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SummaryThis paper discusses the development of the ERTL-4 (Epreuve de repérage des troubles du langage lors du bilan medical de l’enfant de quatre ans), a measure developed in Nancy, France specifically for the purpose of identifying children with language difficulties in the 3.9–4.6 years age range. The test has been designed to identify 10–15% of the population and allows the assessing primary care doctor to ascertain whether difficulties occur in language, voice, fluency, hearing or perception on the basis of a 5-min assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of family farming is approached from different angles in three empirical studies on the Great Britain, Norway, and a village in the south of France. The three studies all describes the survival and revival of the family farm in a period of capitalist and industrial development. In the first paper Michael Winter examines the Milk Marketing Board in the Great Britain as a particular aspect of policy management by the state. Using Panitch' theory of corporatism, Winter shows that the MMB is a state-induced collaboration between different classes of agricultural producers, acting as a powerful agent in the implementation of state policy. The third paper by koel Puijk has a different perspective. It starts with a review of some French theories of agricultural development and capitalism. Puijk criticizes these theories for not taking into account the internal dynamics of the agricultural production unit. The failure or success to adapt to changing circumstances depends on the familial situation, personal factors and desired standards of living. Puijk develops a framework based on Chayanov's consumer/producer ratio and uses this to analyse the survival strategies of winegrowers. In his paper Puijk touches upon an important point, which is neglected in the sociology of agriculture. The reproduction of family farmers has often been seen in purely economic, technical and physical terms.

The last ten years have witnessed a crisis in European agriculture and most farmers have reevaluated their farming strategies. This re-evaluation has taken place within an internal and external farm environment. Traditionally, the key factors within this environment were seen to be economic ones related to the Common Agricultural Policy. In contrast a growing number of research studies have revealed that farm household factors, like age, family lifecycle and family background may be just as important in decision-making. This paper reports on research that examined a number of household factors, which the literature had indicated might be important in distinguishing those French farms that participate in direct selling of farm produce, as an alternative farming strategy. Generally, it was found that background and education were of paramount importance, followed by attitudes to profits, suggesting the need for a less economically dominated approach to examining farm decision-making behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1920s and 1930s were years of active personal support for the USSR by a number of eminent French intellectuals who assisted in the creation of an image of the USSR in French public opinion. This was largely based on their perceptions of the social, political and cultural achievements in Soviet society. Analysis of the archival, and mainly unpublished, documents of VOKS (the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries) illustrate the true nature of an organisation that claimed to have been created in order to promote international cultural relations. The internal correspondence and reports reveal the mechanisms used by VOKS from its inception in order to create, foster, and manipulate relations with numerous members of the French intelligentsia. Also revealed in this paper is the leading role played by VOKS in the creation of the USSR-France "cultural" friendship societies, its policies concerning the selection and treatment of French visitors, and other features of political propaganda that have been commonly considered to belong to the period of the 1930s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clay-drape couplets on subaqueous dunes have been regarded as a diagnostic feature of the subtidal environment since Visser’s seminal paper (1980). The new observation of clay-drape couplets in the intertidal zone on a present day tidal bar of the Gironde estuary shows that they are not restricted to the subtidal zone. In the intertidal zone, low-tide slack-water clay drapes are deposited in the bottomsets of the dominant current dunes when the muddy water retained in the troughs is absorbed into the sand during the emergence of the intertidal bar. They drape emergence run-off ripples generated by the drainage currents in the bottomsets. High-tide slack-water clay drapes are deposited over the entire dune surface and are preserved on the lee side of the dunes and in the bottomsets. They drape the subordinate current ripples. Low-tide and high-tide slack-water clay drapes enclose one thin rippled sand layer (the subordinate current bundle) and are isolated from other adjacent clay-drape couplets by the dominant current bundle. The clay-drape couplets deposited in the intertidal zone can be distinguished from their subtidal counterparts on the basis of two morphological differences: 1. In the intertidal zone, the low-tide clay drape is only present in the bottomsets of the dunes, whereas in the subtidal zone equivalent clay drapes are also present on the lower part of the lee side of the dunes. 2. In the intertidal zone, low-tide clay drapes are deposited in the bottomsets of the dunes over emergence run-off ripples oriented in the direction of the drainage currents (i.e. in a direction normal to the tidal currents). Conversely, in the subtidal zone, the equivalent clay drapes are typically deposited over ripples oriented in the tidal-current direction (ebb or flood). There is a difference of polarity of 90° between the intertidal and subtidal small-scale bedforms draped by the low-tide slack-water drapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some characteristics (length, weight and age) of adult Atlantic salmon in rivers of Brittany. The data were derived from 1,578 fish caught mainly by rod and line; the remainder being from net catches in estuaries and small samples taken outside the fishing season. The bulk of the fish spent 1 or 2 years in freshwater before smoltifying. Those fish becoming smolts at the end of 1 year were the most numerous (54%). The majority of the fish sampled were spring fish (82.4%). Very few summer fish were identified and those found were mainly grilse. The high proportion of spring fish in the sample is due to the high proportion of rod-caught fish. Probably a complete census over the year would show a larger proportion of grilse and summer fish as these are not subject to heavy rod-fishing the season being closed at the beginning of June. The relationship between sea age and river age and the influence of freshwater life upon the sea life were tested in four rivers. It seems probable that sea life depends chiefly on the river and the year of smoltification rather than on the freshwater stage. The biometric characteristics of Brittany salmon were compared with data from some foreign rivers. The angling exploitation of the spring Atlantic salmon in Brittany and the lack of data about summer migrations are discussed in regard to the future of this stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on an Anglo-French project comparing parental experiences of child welfare interventions in both countries; it does not aim to discuss policy implications but to raise questions about the basis on which policies are decided. We explored differences and similarities in the two countries' systems and practices by asking what it is like to be on the receiving end of professional decisions and actions in order to highlight those aspects of our own system that might otherwise be taken for granted. Considerable overlap was found in English and French parental concerns and in the type of professional assistance offered. However, differences in access to this assistance suggest that parents in England are often thrown into relations with social services that may be counterproductive to child and family welfare. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the characteristics of wine growers' syndicates in the French Départements of the Languedoc. These characteristics are distinctive for several reasons: the vine monoculture and the importance of the wine growers in this country but also cultural and political traditions of the Languedoc. Wine growers' syndicates have for long been independent of national agricultural syndicalism. They wanted the state to organize the wine market and defended a regionalist ideology. The European legislation on wine production in 1970 changed the situation. Syndicalism tried to resist and then was forced to change. Today. wine growers choose to improve the quality of their wines and to create groups of producers to sell their products. Beyond change, permanent features are always present and when crisis occurs the traditional discourses re-emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, agro-environmental measures are introducing a social control on agricultural practices in several European countries. Focusing chiefly on the French case, but with cross-national comparisons, this paper analyses the development of ambiguous social concern about environmental degradation linked to farming activities. Several causes are examined: the crisis of the productive agricultural model, renewed urban pressure on countryside uses and overall development of environmental anxieties. The article stresses the fact that farmers are given the ambivalent part of being at the same time damaging and managing the environmental qualities of the countryside. In conclusion, it questions the durability of public support to a policy based on local compromises and leading to greater territorial differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1950's the character of agricultural syndicalism in France was transformed by the arrival of a new generation of militant farmers from the geographically and economically peripheral regions of France. This paper examines the chronology, causes and consequences of this process in one department of France, Aveyron, and argues that an understanding of the social history of agricultural organizations in France is essential to a fuller appreciation of their current role and preoccupations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature of the relations between the agricultural sector and its context has been given much attention lately. Although there has been a shift in focus &mdash from explaining the disappearance of the peasant to explaining the consolidation of the family farm — these theories have often tended to be one-directional, treating agricultural forms of production mainly as the outcome of external factors. In this paper, based on data from a wine growing region in Southern France, the interaction of processes at different levels is the focus of attention. Economic, technological anal cultural processes influencing the agricultural production unit are described, as are the internal dynamics of the family holding. Reference is made to Chayanov's micro theory of the peasant economy. By analyzing the interrelation of both external and internal factors it is shown that several types of adaptation can be accounted for within a single theoretical frame. In this way not only the consolidation of the family holding, the overall tendency towards capitalized farming, but also processes of differentiation and marginalization can be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper discusses the problem of the regions which are being abandoned by agriculture. It deals with conditions in France, and is built on research and studies conducted in various French regions, but the problem, of course, exists in several other countries. Thus two sets of principles and policies oppose each other, "productivist" agriculture, and the "other." This "other" agriculture seems to have been gaining some strength in the past three to five years, as a result of recent events. These changes are the cause of some action against further desertification, as well as in favour of some change in technology, particularly in fertilizers and feeds. But what action there is has appeared to be until now insufficient and inefficient, so that the productivist model continues to gain ground. The line of thought is probably linked with an implicit assumption about technical and social change, that is, the idea that one technological model replaces another. In other words, the greatest part of the literature presents the current dominant model as having replaced a former model.

Examines sociologist Emile Durkheim's views on the sexual education of French teenagers, while focusing on his work `The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life.' Analysis of Durkheim's comments on sex education; Controversy surrounding sex education; Durkheim's debate with Jacques-Amedee Doleris; Details on Doleris' paper on sex education.

22 cases of allergic contact dermatitis from topical corticosteroids were observed in Strasbourg and previously published 7 further cases are reported here and the vehicle and concentration of corticosteroids for patch tests are discussed. A 0.1% concentration in petrolatum seemed adequate for testing the 4 molecules (triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, desonide and amcinonide) responsible for the 7 new, cases. In 1 case, several cross-reactions were seen. A corticosteroids screening series permits patch testing of the suspected molecule(s) in a selective way. Without this series, long delays arc required to make [he correct diagnosis by patch testing. We have reviewed more than 60 paper on corticosteroids allergy published up to now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of the peasants of Languedoc has been marked by continual struggles to defend a livelihood against the combined forces of capitalist development and state integration. Constant references to this history of contentiousness m popular representations of the past have been critical in the emergence of a culture of opposition among the Languedoc peasantry This paper explores the relationship between historical consciousness, identity construction and expressions of resistance in class and regionalist ideologies of political struggle in rural southern France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on confusion over various terms in social sciences. Several years ago the author participated in an interdisciplinary panel on "development," at an international sociological congress. Some persuasive and sharply analytic papers were presented, but very little meeting of minds took place simply because the participants had different things in mind when they talked about development. In that context it did little good to explain the fact that development is a polyseme and hence communication between the panelists could be achieved only after people had learned which sense of this word was intended by each scholar using it. Moreover, the effort to prescribe a correct meaning of development led only to contention and disagreement, not cumulation of knowledge or enhanced understanding. The meanings of word "nation" also vary with the disciplines. Political scientists usually have something like the state in mind and they may use the compound, "nation-state," to help remove the ambiguities in both words. By contrast, anthropologists and sociologists are more likely to use "nation" in an ethnic sense, applying it to communities that share a sense of common ancestry and make political claims, typically for control of a single state. In this sense it is not the French "state" that builds the French nation, but rather the French nation that created the state.

Much has been written about the impact of the Channel Tunnel but the attention has been primarily on the gross economic implications of the investment which ignore questions of additionality and spatial effects. The completion of the Channel Tunnel will create a new transport infrastructure but this will be at the cost of lost opportunities for investing these resources elsewhere. Net national gains are, therefore, likely to be somewhat less than many anticipate. Equally, the importance of the tunnel for the South East's economy is uncertain both in terms of the overall long-term impact and the detailed implications for areas within the region. This paper attempts to examine the short and long-term implications for the South East. It attempts to do this by taking cognizance of environmental and social factors as well as reviewing the more standard 'economic' factors. The nature of available data coupled with inadequacies in our understanding of many key links in interacting spatial economic systems inevitably means that calculations are far from precise. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper argues that the widespread, irreversible, and catastrophic potentials associated with some contemporary genres of grievances make derivative social movements novel in respects different from those emphasized by French, Italian, and German analysts using the concept "new social movements." This European concept distinguishes between "new" and "old" protests to emphasize significant changes in the nature of the contemporary state or the value systems of its citizens, a distinction that has not been accentuated in the United States. The argument here is that only certain contemporary "technology movements" are really novel- and for reasons other than those alleged by advocates of the "new social movements." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until quite recently, questionnaire surveys, semi-structured interviews and the gathering and interpreting of various documents have been the main kinds of empirical research to be found in French sociology. Observation plays a leading role in none of them, even in the latter. The researchers who use it do not seem convinced of its legitimacy, because what can be expected from systematic observation does not fit the prevailing purpose of developing abstract, general theories. After having sketched out the institutional and intellectual background, this paper examines a few examples of French studies using observation. Most of them fail to clearly distinguish between indirect evidence and direct observation, between meaning as construed by the observer and that experienced by the people observed; they rarely report dated and situated facts (even more seldom behaviors than settings), and they replace the expected analyses of these messing facts with the interpretation of would-be typical or usual facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the common hypothesis of complete graph representation according to which, in collaborative projects, all partners interact with each other in homogeneous ways. More precisely, this research aims to determine the heterogeneity in terms of existence and frequency of interactions between dyads of organizations that jointly participated in collaborative projects. From a survey of participants involved in innovation projects approved by a French cluster, we collect information about 754 collaboration ties. Using an ordered probit with selection equation, we then test the impact of several determinants, including geographical proximity, on the existence and frequency of the observed interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to a technical problem in the submission process, selected presentations from the 7th International Conference on Boundary Elements, which took place in Paris, France, in September 2006 (http://beteq.engineeringconferences.net/), will not be published in a separate special issue. Links to these papers as they were published in the journal are listed at the end of this editorial. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The only form of haemophilia treatment that is able to prevent arthropathy and other consequences of bleeding symptoms in patients with severe haemophilia is prophylaxis started at an early age (primary prophylaxis). It is also highly beneficial for the psychological and social wellbeing of patients and their families. Scientific institutions and international organizations such as WHO, the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) and the National Haemophilia Foundation (NHF) have recommended that prophylaxis be considered optimum therapy. This paper discusses the barriers to prophylaxis, such as the perceived need, costs and availability, and difficulty of venous access, and describes the authors' experiences with the therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a spatial multinomial probit model to examine the determinants of land use change, at the parcel level, in the French Département du Rhones from 1992 to 2003. It is based on an economic model that assumes that landowners have a choice between four land use categories for a given parcel at a given date: (1) agricultural, (2) forest, (3) urban, and (4) no use. We estimate a model that allows for both covariates and spatial dependence, and we use these features to explore the relative importance of factors that drive landowners to choose a specific land use category. Resumen Proponemos un modelo probit multinomial espacial para examinar los determinantes del cambio en el uso del suelo, a escala de parcela, en el Département du Rhones francés desde 1992 hasta 2003. Esta basado en un modelo económico que asume que los propietarios de la tierra pueden elegir entre cuatro categorías de uso del suelo para una parcela en una fecha dada: (1) agrícola, (2) forestal, (3) urbano, y (4) sin uso. Estimamos un modelo que permite tanto covariables como dependencia espacial, y lo utilizamos para explorar la importancia relativa de los factores que impulsan a los propietarios del suelo a elegir una categoría de uso del suelo en particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unemployment rates vary widely at the sub-regional level. We seek to explain why such variation occurs, using data for 174 districts in the Midi-Pyrénées region of France for 1990–1991. A set of explanatory variables is derived from theory and the voluminous literature. The best model includes a correction for spatially autocorrelated errors. Unemployment rates are higher in urban areas and, where per capita income is higher, are consistent with the view that unemployment differences largely reflect variations in “amenities.” Along with a lack of evidence of housing market rigidities, these suggest that subregional variations in unemployment are not mainly the result of labor market disequilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to produce further empirical insights into fiscal competition among local governments within an original framework. Relying on Granger's methodology, we address the question of possible causality at municipal level, between local budget variables (public expenditure and taxes) and residential location patterns. Tests are performed on a sample of 27 French municipalities belonging to the same suburban area for the 1987–1996 period. We identify two different strategies. Some localities compete in the tax rate variable while others act on public expenditure. If we consider public investment spending and taxes results strongly reject the adaptive hypothesis and clearly support the idea of fiscal competition. If we retain operating expenditure results indicate that both behaviors are accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article formalizes and measures the impact of club size on the quality of the public good provided to its members. Under a general framework we describe various functional forms that allow either network or crowding effects. Mechanisms of provision are that of a political process in which both the demand and the supply sides are considered. Estimations use the whole set of French municipalities. The supply model performs better than the demand model in the case of small municipalities, while for large cities the demand model has higher explanatory power. In so far as impact of city size on the quality of club goods is concerned, crowding does appear, but it does so in different patterns. For small towns marginal congestion first decreases then increases with population. Marginal congestion is decreeing for cities of intermediate size. For larger cities no significant effects are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationships between the employment suburbanisation from central cities towards their suburbs, and the process of intra-urban specialisation that occurred simultaneously in the fifty largest French metropolitan areas. A methodology is proposed to identify urban subcentres and to analyse the effects of the intra-urban specialisations on suburbanisation patterns. We conclude that the specialisation of both subcentres and central cities has a significant effect on suburbanisation rates. Lastly, an intra-metropolitan shift/share analysis provides additional insights into the employment dynamics of central cities and suburbs during the last twenty years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few years after the French press resonated with the immigration debates which inspired Derrida's influential thoughts on hospitality, the paradoxes of hospitality once again gripped the French public imagination, this time in relation to sanctuary given to a suspected murderer on the island of Corsica. This paper traces Corsican hospitality, in its various ethnographic, media, and philosophical/literary incarnations. Through a careful ethnographic account of the material-semiotic moves which enable events on one scale to have effects and significance on another, the paper argues that analytical or philosophical uses of hospitality as a scale-free abstraction should be treated with caution. Résumé Il y a quelques années, la presse française s'est faite la chambre d'écho d'un débat sur l'immigration qui inspira à Derrida des idées influentes sur l'hospitalité. Les paradoxes de l'hospitalité s'emparent à nouveau de l'imaginaire public français aujourd'hui, à cause cette fois du refuge qu'un homme soupçonné de meurtre a pu trouver en Corse. L'auteur retrace ici l'hospitalité corse sous ses différentes incarnations ethnographiques, médiatiques, et philosophiques ou littéraires. Par un compte-rendu ethnographique scrupuleux des déplacements matériels et sémiotiques qui permettent aux événements à une échelle d'avoir un effet et une signification à une autre échelle, il recommande de se méfier des usages analytiques ou philosophiques de l'hospitalité considérée comme une abstraction dépourvue d'échelle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a corpus-based study of the (restricted) modification patterns of predicatively used bare nouns in French (e.g . Je suis bon catholique'I am a good Catholic'). These are 'truly' bare in that they do not rely on a covert determiner. The aim of the paper is to determine which modification patterns are allowed and to provide a semantic-functional explanation. Further, on the basis of this study, some conclusions can be drawn both about the categorial status of the bare predicative noun and about the internal architecture of type specification, the innermost functional layer within the NP. More specifically, the study of bare nouns leads to the identification of several lower-level slots that are independent of the instantiation of a particular nominal entity in conceptual space. These are to be distinguished from higher-level modifiers. To end, some additional syntactic contexts are provided in which bare nouns occur. These display identical restrictions with respect to modification, but differ in the array of lexical heads they allow for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a research paper by Coralie Lupo and colleagues, which examines the postmortem condemnation rate of broilers at slaughter in France. The paper reveals that the overall rate of condemnations was 87 per 10,000 birds, but heavy flocks had a higher rate than standard flocks. It mentions that the common reasons for condemnation were emaciation and congestion of the carcase.

In this article the author reflects on the sustainable expansion of harm reduction services for drug users in the U.S. He notes that one of the purposes of their paper is asking if it should occur within a separate health care system for drug users or within the mainstream health care system. He cites the concept of harm reduction in the European Union (EU), France, and Australia and states that continued cross-national research on the issue may be helpful.

Information about several papers discussed at the International Association for Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities (IASSID) council meeting at Novotel Hotel in Paris, France on May 28, 2007 is presented. D. Felce talked about obtaining supplemental budget for the 2008 Congress. M. Janicki presented the Finance Committee Report to Council which included a report on IASSID Comparable Financials from 2001-2007. A discussion about the rising expenses of the organization was also tackled.

The article presents a commentary on the previously published article "Three consecutive (1993, '95, '97) surveys of food intake, nutritional attitudes and knowledge, and lifestyle in 1000 French children, aged 9-11 years." According to the authors, this paper showed that eating patterns in France were characterized by a number of daily meals. They reported the increasing prevalence in obesity and overweight amongst French children.

The article focuses on the 2004 fib Symposium on Concrete Structures: The Challenge of Creativity, held from April 26-28, 2004 in Avignon, France. The event combined a magnificent, historically rich venue--the fourteenth century Popes' Palace in the heart of Avignon's old town; over 100 papers and keynote addresses; an excellent level of organisation and coordination of the entire event; and a number of interesting and highly relevant technical visits, including high-speed railway structures and the well-known Millau Viaduct. The closing session looked back on the three days of conference and exchanges and reflected on lessons learned, innovations discovered, challenges ahead for today's engineers.

Responds to author Didier Fassin's paper that examined two events in France, namely the growth of the sans papiers movement and the emergence of a public awareness of the reality of racial discrimination. Significance of the suffering body and its relationship to the legal status of migrants within the British context; Description of the policy of dispersal implemented by the government in April 2000.

This article presents 2 public announcements. First announcement is related to 4th meeting of the "International Society for Bioengineering and the and the Skin." this meeting will take place in Besançon, France, from 7th to 9th September 1983. Second announcement presents a list of fellowship awards which will be presented for the year 1983. The winner of the Poster Session will be awarded $800, winner of the Stelwagon Prize for the best paper will receive $800 and A third award of $800 will be given to an academically oriented dermatologist.

This article presents information on the Autumn meeting of the medical society for the study of Vineral Diseases, held in Strasbourg, France. Two papers of clinical interest were described. Prof. E. Held presented a case of Kaposi's sarcoma in an HIV-negative subject, but with immunodeficiency, and 0. McCarthy presented a case of digital gangrene after methadone injection in an HIV-positive drug abuser. C. Bernard presented a study of the prevalence of penile and anal HPV in condylorna in 54 HIV-seropositive and 54 HIV-seronegative men using colposcopy, histopathology and in situ hybridization, and C-myc and C-Ha-Ras activation.

An abstract is presented of the paper "A population-based survey of neonaticides using judicial data," by A. Tursz and J.M. Cook, that was published online in the "Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition," December 6, 2010.

The article presents abstracts of papers discussed at the annual meeting of the Groupement des Protistologues de Langue Francaise (GPLF) held in Dakar Senegal, France from May 22-26, 2006. They include "Structure of the sub-terminal regions of Encephalitozoon cuniculi chromosomes," "Research of structural homology between the spores proteins of Myxobolus episquamalis (Myxosporidia) and Encephalitozoon cuniculi (Microsporidia)" and "Microsporidia of marine fishes from Senegal."

This paper presents an initial response to the conclusions of the Nice Summit and the new EU Treaty which emerged from it. It consists of two parts: in the first I discuss the climate in which the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) took place and the opening positions of the Institutions, the Member States, and the applicant countries. The results achieved at Nice are set out in the second part, with special emphasis on the themes that mark a shift of power within the Community's institutional architecture; i.e. the extension of qualified-majority voting in the Council and the co-decision procedure with the European Parliament, the reweighting of votes and the composition of the Institutions with a view to an enlargement which is both imminent and unprecedented in the history of the EU. I conclude that while the results of the IGC and the new Treaty of Nice fall short of what is needed in an EU with ambitions on a continental scale, they do mark another stage in the process of European integration and the permanent evolution of its constitution. In this sense, the balance of power is likely to be different from what it has been in the past. The Franco-German axis has been severely weakened, the UK and Spain seem to be determined to play a central role, and the smaller countries are seeking to retain some influence over how the process works. New alliances are likely to emerge, particularly after enlargement, with Germany in search of a dominant position, France desperately trying to preserve the status quo, and the UK wanting to influence the direction of moves towards integration from the inside. Nice seems to mark an interim stage in this process. A new IGC has already been scheduled for 2004. There is no doubt that the post-Nice period will be one of transition towards a new distribution of power within the EU, sanctioned by a new, highly constitutional treaty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French National Telecommunications Centre produces a bibliography of recent papers on reliability and quality, under the title "Information Fiabilité." It covers, among other topics, reliability of electronic components, reliability theory, quality assurance and quality circles. The latest issue, No. 12, was published at the end of 1985.

The 4th International Symposium of the "International Social Security Association Research Section" on contact dermatitis will be held in Palais des Congres, Strasbourg, France, from 22-23 October, 1992. The working languages of the symposium will be English, French, German. The title of the symposium is "Hazard Control at the Workplace." To submit a paper or a poster, it is required to send an abstract to the Secretariat of the symposium by October 31, 1991. The organizing committee will make a selection and inform about the decision by January 30, 1992.