16 results
Search Results
2. 'I like money, I like many things'. The relationship between drugs and crime from the perspective of young people in contact with criminal justice systems.
- Author
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Rolando, Sara, Asmussen Frank, Vibeke, Duke, Karen, Kahlert, Rahel, Pisarska, Agnieszka, Graf, Niels, and Beccaria, Franca
- Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse ,CROSS-sectional method ,CRIME ,CRIMINALS ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIAL isolation ,JUVENILE offenders ,CRIMINAL justice system ,DRUG abusers ,ADULTS ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Based on research undertaken as part of the EU funded EPPIC project, this paper aims to update and elaborate on the relationship between drug use and offending behaviours by exploring variations within a cross-national sample of drug-experienced young people in touch with criminal justice systems. Adopting a trajectory-based approach, interviews were undertaken with 198 young people aged 15–25 in six European countries (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland, and UK). Data were analysed by applying the Bennett and Holloway categorization of the drugs-crime link, with a focus on the concept of social exclusion as developed by Seddon. Three main types of mechanisms (economic, pharmaceutical, and lifestyles) are used to interpret the data, showing how the relationship between drugs and offending can vary according to type of substances and over time. Furthermore, it can be associated with very different degrees of social exclusion and needs. The results suggest that while economic inequalities still play key roles in explaining drug use and offending, both behaviours can originate from a state of relative deprivation, resulting from the contradictions inherent in 'bulimic societies' that raise aspirations and desires while providing young people scarce opportunities for self-realisation and social recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Designing a Quality Product.
- Author
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Besford, John
- Subjects
NEW product development ,PRODUCT design ,MANUFACTURING processes ,MARKETING ,EMPLOYEE participation in management ,INDUSTRIAL research ,QUALITY ,PRODUCT management - Abstract
Contrasts some approaches to quality and design, comparing Japan, Germany, Italy and the UK. The case for design is discussed and various types of design are covered in relation to the product development process. The author describes how to manage the design process to achieve quality products; four important areas are highlighted--management commitment, employee involvement, appropriate use of technology, and emphasis on the customer. Finally the paper looks briefly at the management of new product development and the formation and composition of the product development team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Migration Policies and Political Cultures in Europe: A Changing Trend*.
- Author
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Melotti, Umberto
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,POLITICAL culture ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
This paper discusses the relationships between the migratory policies of the EU countries with more experience of immigration and their national political cultures. It focuses on France, Germany and the United Kingdom. It then looks at Italy, a relatively new country of immigration, which, with 3,000,000 legal immigrants, has become the fourth country of immigration in Europe and the first in the Mediterranean basin. In its final part it highlights the incipient process of 'communitarisation' of the immigration policies of EU countries in the last decade. This process, which has already entailed a significant convergence of their migratory policies, is expected to continue after the recent enlargement of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The size and growth of banks: evidence from four European countries.
- Author
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Wilson, J. O. S. and Williams, J. M.
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,COMMUNITY banks ,CORPORATE growth - Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between size and growth for a sample of banks from France, Germany, Italy and the UK over the period 1990 to 1996. Using several measures of bank size (total assets, equity and value of off balance sheet business), we test for size effects on growth, using models which incorporate the influences of previous growth, bank type and country of origin. The results of the analysis suggest that for Italy, small banks tend to grow faster than larger banks. No relationship is found between bank size and growth for France, Germany and the UK. This suggests a process of increasing concentration in these banking systems, even in the absence of bank specific strategic advantages. Small banks tend to have more variable growth rates than their larger counterparts. This suggests that large banks may enjoy advantages associated with diversified operations, which make them less susceptible to periods of extremely high or low growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Current Practices, Experiences, and Views in Clinical Hypnosis: Findings of an International Survey.
- Author
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Palsson, Olafur S., Kekecs, Zoltan, De Benedittis, Giuseppe, Moss, Donald, Elkins, Gary R., Terhune, Devin B., Varga, Katalin, Shenefelt, Philip D., and Whorwell, Peter J.
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL practice ,SOCIAL workers ,SOCIAL media ,HYPNOTISM ,PSYCHOLOGISTS ,VIDEOCONFERENCING ,EXPERIENCE ,ATTITUDES toward illness ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software ,NEWSLETTERS ,PHYSICIANS ,EMAIL - Abstract
An online survey of 691 clinicians who use hypnosis was conducted in 31 countries to gain a broad real-world picture of current practices, views, and experiences in clinical hypnosis. Among 36 common clinical uses, stress reduction, wellbeing and self-esteem-enhancement, surgery preparations, anxiety interventions, mindfulness facilitation, and labor and childbirth applications were the most frequently rated as highly effective (each by ≥70% of raters) in the clinicians' own experience. Adverse hypnosis-associated effects had been encountered by 55% of clinicians but were generally short-lived and very rarely judged as serious. The most common hypnosis approaches used were Ericksonian (71%), hypnotic relaxation therapy (55%), and traditional hypnosis (50%). Almost all respondents reported regularly using other therapeutic modalities alongside hypnosis. Among a range of client variables potentially affecting therapy, most clinicians rated hypnotist-client rapport (88%) and client motivation (75%) as very or extremely important factors for successful hypnotherapy. The majority of respondents had conducted hypnosis treatment via teletherapy, and 54% of those estimated it to be as effective as in-person treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
7. Knowledge and utilization of technology-based interventions for substance use disorders: an exploratory study among health professionals in the European Union.
- Author
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Quaglio, Gianluca, Pirona, Alessandro, Esposito, Giovanni, Karapiperis, Theodoros, Brand, Helmut, Dom, Geert, Bertinato, Luigi, Montanari, Linda, Kiefer, Falk, and Carrà, Giuseppe
- Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse treatment ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MEDICAL personnel ,PROFESSIONS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,STATISTICAL sampling ,TECHNOLOGY ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background: Little is known about the knowledge and use of technology-based interventions (TBIs) by health personnel working in the addiction field across Europe. Methods: An online questionnaire was designed using SurveyMonkey
® in order to determine the level of knowledge, use and perceived efficacy of TBIs in substance use disorders (SUDs), among health professionals across six EU Member States: Germany, Italy, UK, France, Poland and the Netherlands. The survey was sent to a convenience sample of 1200 addiction experts. Results: Surveyed participants (311, response rate 26%), had a mean professional addiction experience of 17 years; 23% stated to have good knowledge of TBIs, while 12% use them in their clinical practice. Forty-six percent consider TBIs useful in the treatment of addiction, and 44% foresee a significant increase of them in the future. TBIs were considered important for people facing barriers to accessing treatment (63%) and for providing support outside the formal care settings (60%). Lack of technical support (48%), poor infrastructure and equipment (42%), and lack of digital literacy among health workers (38%) were identified as the main obstacles in the diffusion of TBIs. Conclusions: Knowledge and utilisation of TBIs among health workers in drug addiction field is low. Nevertheless, TBIs are perceived as a possible means of facilitation in providing access to treatment, and as therapeutic tools which will become more important in the future. The need to improve training policies, awareness and attitudes towards TBIs among EU health professionals, working in the field of addiction is paramount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
8. National Cultures, Values and Lifestyles Influencing Consumers' Perception towards Sexual Imagery in Alcohol Advertising: An Exploratory Study in the UK, Germany and Italy.
- Author
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Lass, Paushali and Hart, Susan
- Subjects
SEX in advertising ,ALCOHOLIC beverage advertising ,CONSUMER attitudes ,SEX differences (Biology) ,LIFESTYLES ,CROSS-cultural differences ,COMPARATIVE studies ,VALUES (Ethics) ,INTERNATIONAL advertising - Abstract
This exploratory study examines consumers' perception towards sexual imagery in alcohol advertising across national cultures and among men and women with different demographic and psychographic make-up in those cultures. This study addresses a very important gap found in the literature, namely the influence of consumers' psychographic characteristics as values and lifestyles on their overall perception towards sexual imagery in advertising. The study was conducted among consumers aged between 18 and 35 in the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. Results indicate that Italians overall have higher acceptance levels towards sexual imagery portrayed in advertisements as compared to German and British consumers. Furthermore, varying levels of sexual imagery are much more appealing to men than women in all three countries. Consumers' values and lifestyles also played an important role in their overall perception. Moral values in particular are an indicator of acceptance levels of sexual content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Alcohol screening and alcohol interventions among patients with hypertension in primary health care: an empirical survey of German general practitioners.
- Author
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Kraus, Ludwig, Schulte, Bernd, Manthey, Jakob, and Rehm, Jürgen
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of alcoholism ,HYPERTENSION risk factors ,HYPERTENSION ,THERAPEUTICS ,ALCOHOLISM ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ALCOHOL drinking ,FAMILY medicine ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL screening ,MEDICAL practice ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,GENERAL practitioners ,POPULATION geography ,PRIMARY health care ,PROBABILITY theory ,PROFESSIONS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,RISK assessment ,SURVEYS ,T-test (Statistics) ,CONTINUING medical education ,HEALTH insurance reimbursement ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background:Alcohol is one of the least intervened risk factors in the management of hypertension at the primary care level. In order to improve alcohol interventions, a better understanding of knowledge, attitudes and clinical practice of lifestyle interventions in the management of hypertension is needed. Method:As a part of a European study (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK), 211 German general practitioners (GPs) were recruited in Bavaria and Hamburg and surveyed via an Internet-based questionnaire. Results were compared with the European sample (n = 2870). Results:One-third of the patients seen by German GPs had hypertension (36.2%, standard deviation (SD): 14.6) and among cases with hypertension, less than half were ever screened for alcohol (4.5 out of 10 patients). The foremost reasons for not screening for alcohol were that alcohol was not considered a major risk factor for hypertension plus the lack of knowledge of appropriate alcohol screening instruments. The majority of German GPs managed patients with hazardous drinking levels themselves or in their practice (71.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 64.6–77.2%), but only 42.0% (95% CI: 35.2–49.0%) managed alcohol dependent patients. German screening rates were slightly lower but interventions of screened positive patients higher than the European average. Conclusions:Rates of alcohol screening in patients with hypertension in primary health care may be increased by improving GPs knowledge of alcohol as a major risk factor for hypertension, increasing GPs education on alcohol and screening instruments, and providing reimbursement. This may increase treatment of alcohol problems in patients with hypertension and reduce hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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10. Measuring Populism: Comparing Two Methods of Content Analysis.
- Author
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Rooduijn, Matthijs and Pauwels, Teun
- Subjects
POPULISM ,POLITICAL science research ,CONTENT analysis ,POLITICAL parties - Abstract
The measurement of populism – particularly over time and space – has received only scarce attention. In this research note two different ways to measure populism are compared: a classical content analysis and a computer-based content analysis. An analysis of political parties in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Italy demonstrates that both methods can be used to measure populism across countries and over time. Recommendations are presented on how to combine these methods in future comparative research on populism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Quality of life after traumatic brain injury: The clinical use of the QOLIBRI, a novel disease-specific instrument.
- Author
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Truelle, Jean-Luc, Koskinen, Sanna, Hawthorne, Graeme, Sarajuuri, Jaana, Formisano, Rita, Von Wild, Klaus, Neugebauer, Edmund, Wilson, Lindsay, Gibbons, Henning, Powell, Jane, Bullinger, Monika, Höfer, Stefan, Maas, Andrew, Zitnay, George, Von Steinbuechel, Nicole, and The Qolibri Task Force
- Subjects
QUALITY of life ,ANALYSIS of variance ,BRAIN damage ,CAREGIVERS ,CHI-squared test ,COGNITION ,COMA ,COMPUTER software ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EMOTIONS ,EMPLOYMENT ,EMPLOYMENT reentry ,HEALTH status indicators ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,INTERVIEWING ,MARITAL status ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,RESEARCH methodology ,EVALUATION of medical care ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,NURSING assessment ,PROBABILITY theory ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SELF-evaluation ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,ACTIVITIES of daily living ,SCALE items ,SOCIAL support ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,RELATIVE medical risk ,SEVERITY of illness index ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,DIAGNOSIS ,MEDICAL rehabilitation ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Objective: To report the clinical use of the QOLIBRI, a disease-specific measure of health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: The QOLIBRI, with 37 items in six scales (cognition, self, daily life and autonomy, social relationships, emotions and physical problems) was completed by 795 patients in six languages (Finnish, German, Italian, French, English and Dutch). QOLIBRI scores were examined by variables likely to be influenced by rehabilitation interventions and included socio-demographic, functional outcome, health status and mental health variables. Results: The QOLIBRI was self-completed by 73% of participants and 27% completed it in interview. It was sensitive to areas of life amenable to intervention, such as accommodation, work participation, health status (including mental health) and functional outcome. Conclusion: The QOLIBRI provides information about patient's subjective perception of his/her HRQoL which supplements clinical measures and measures of functional outcome. It can be applied across different populations and cultures. It allows the identification of personal needs, the prioritization of therapeutic goals and the evaluation of individual progress. It may also be useful in clinical trials and in longitudinal studies of TBI recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Lifelong learning in the Bologna process: European developments in higher education.
- Author
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Jakobi, Anja P. and Rusconi, Alessandra
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL change ,HIGHER education ,EDUCATIONAL planning ,EDUCATION policy ,EDUCATIONAL evaluation - Abstract
Since 1999, European education ministers have discussed and further implemented the 'Bologna process', a wide-ranging framework for the reform of higher education. Lifelong learning was added as a goal of the process in 2001. This article evaluates the extent to which the development of lifelong learning has progressed and examines whether the Bologna process has facilitated lifelong learning opportunities in a sample of countries. The evaluation of legislative instruments and policy positions of different stakeholders in Germany, France, Italy and the UK shows that countries link quite different strategies to lifelong learning in higher education. Specific national approaches exist which facilitate or restrict its development. Thus far, the impact of the Bologna process on this issue has been modest. The process has mainly had an impact on the discussion regarding lifelong learning, not necessarily whether and how such policies and programmes are implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Business and government in electricity network integration in Western Europe, c.1900–1950.
- Author
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Millward, Robert
- Subjects
SYSTEM integration ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,ELECTRICITY ,BUSINESS enterprises - Abstract
A cross-country comparison is made of the moves to system integration, at the national level, of electricity supply in several Western European countries. Private electricity business firms were dominant in France, Italy and Spain and large generating enterprises and transporting groups grew through mergers and agreements. In Germany, Scandinavia and the UK, municipalities were more common and were resistant to mergers and network development. Several national networks had emerged by the 1940s but hardly any were nationally managed in the sense of ensuring electricity was everywhere supplied from the lowest cost source. The article considers the economic gains from integration and argues that it developed successfully where central governments became actively involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Are business cycles asymmetric? Some European evidence.
- Author
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Pieró, Amado
- Subjects
BUSINESS cycles ,INDUSTRIES ,INDUSTRIAL productivity - Abstract
Economic thought has often regarded business cycles as asymmetric. This study examines the existence of asymmetries over the business cycle in seven European countries: France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom. To analyse this issue, industrial production in these countries from 1957 to 1998 is examined, and quarterly contractions and expansions in this variable are compared. The results obtained with both parametric and non- parametric methods allow the existence of asymmetries in these countries to be questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Futures Studies and Sociology: a Debate, a Critical Approach and a Hope.
- Author
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Masini, Eleonora Barbieri
- Subjects
FUTURES market ,SOCIAL sciences education ,COMMODITY exchanges ,WORLD War I - Abstract
The article focuses on the debate in the relationship between futures studies and sociology. For decades futures studies and social sciences have developed separately and expressed a mutual diffidence for each other, to say the least. Although the diversification of the different disciplines started then, it was not until the period between the 19th and 20th centuries that the disciplines making up social sciences defined themselves within the university structures. In the 19th and early 20th century, it was thought that the social sciences should be objective and not directed towards invention. As to sociology, it was only recognized in its own right, when the social sciences divided into disciplines as such. This was definitely the case by the First World War, at least in the countries which had universities of recognized value. In Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and USA, sociological studies remained as practice as well as social contexts which were analysed until the end of the Second World War after which they started to be interested in other contexts.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. 2. THE WOOLLEN INDUSTRY AND ITS RAW MATERIALS.
- Author
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Ross, D. A., Carnaby, G. A., and Lappage, J.
- Subjects
WOOLEN goods industry ,WOOL industry ,WORSTED - Abstract
The section of "Woolen-yarn Manufacture," presents information on the woolen and worsted yarn industry, especially wool industries of seven countries including the U.S., the Great Britain, Japan, Italy, Germany, Belgium and France. It reports that these countries constitute 70-80% of woolen and worsted-yarn production. It is noted that 70% of total wool and 77% of total worsted yarn were produced by the U.S., Japan and Italy in 1982. In the last decade several woolen manufacturers have shut down in Europe. Whereas, woolen industry in Scotland, which produced 7% of woolen yarn of total production by the Great Britain ten years ago, now produces 20%. The most recent fall in production levels in the woolen industry is believed to have reached a minimum, and an improvement in trade is expected over the next few years.
- Published
- 1986
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