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This paper calculates tourism source market structure indicators and investigates their impact on the international tourism demand for Antalya of Turkey. Tourism source market structure may influence tourism demand depending on its consequences regarding competitiveness and risk structure. To determine this influence, this paper estimates tourism demand functions within the framework of the two-stage system generalized method of moments (GMM). The tourism source market structure variables were calculated by considering the number of tourists by nationality and the estimations are based on the datasets of 37 source countries for 2001–2019 years. According to the calculated market structure indicators, the tourism source market concentrated in the early 2000s and diversified in the last years of the research period. Findings of the system GMM indicated that the tourism source market concentration boosts and diversification weakens the tourism demand for Antalya. In other words, tourism demand, which comes predominantly or intensively from a small number of countries, increases this demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on several papers that were presented at the Ninth Annual Meeting of the International Police Executive Symposium held in Antalya, Turkey in May 2002. The theme of the meeting was 'Police Education and Training: A Comparative, Global Perspective.' The papers describe the programs that had been developed to accomplish the defined mission and goals of police organizations, viewed as service to the citizens in preventing, investigating and combating crime and maintaining public order within the framework of the laws and regulations of the countries represented.

The smart power grid has been developed and improved constantly to be able to incorporate protection, automation, communication, and advanced control methods. As a result, the smart power grid system protection is expected to be modernized and given the ability to handle the future complexity that emanates from the integration of Distributed Generations (DGs). An Adaptive Multi-Agent System (MAS) can enhance power system protection and make it more reliable, faster, selective, and robust. In this paper, a novel MAS-based adaptive protection technique that suits smart grid applications is proposed. The proposed protection technique consists of agents that communicate with each other and their environment. The agents used in the proposed technique are Short Circuit Current Calculation Agent (SCCA), Load Flow Calculation Agent (LFA), Setting Calculation Agent (SCA), Logic and Operating Agent (LOA), Coordination and Optimization Agent (COA), and Network Configuration Mapping Agent (NCMA). The proposed technique can adapt to the changing conditions in the smart grid. The DigSILENT PowerFactory software is used to verify the proposed technique using a real Distribution Network in the Antalya vicinity of Turkey. The achieved results show that the method can provide fast and selective protection for the smart grid with increased integration of DGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local development literature, recently, emphasizes the crucial role of institutions, institutional thickness and institutional capacity in addition to other classical factors of development in the competitiveness of regions. This paper attempts to analyze the role of tourism institutions and institutional capacity in the growth performance of tourism clusters. It uses not only the primary data gathered through structured interviews, but also the secondary data. This paper differs from previous research not only by discussing institutional capacity specifically for tourism literature but also by employing a quantitative method of analysis for explaining the factors influential on the growth of clusters. The findings reveal a very significant positive relation between the increase in institutional capacity and the growth of tourism clusters in Antalya. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the literature, tourism is defined as a production system that is composed of an array of economic activities aimed at producing and selling tourist products, the tourist product itself and the institutions that regulate the system. Although it is very fruitful, it suffers from a weakness from a spatial perspective. The first aim of this paper is to spatialize tourism production systems in a more systematic and multidimensional way by discussing the intertwined role of place, territory, scale, and networks. Second, the paper aims to show how and why the process of tourism place making, especially in the case of Antalya, is narrowly intertwined with the scaling, territoriality, and global production networks of a tourism production system. (Re)scaling, territory, and networks have played an important role in Antalya's tourism production system, which institutionally complement each other and form a coherent whole. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Information about several papers discussed at the 4th World Conference for Graduate Research in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure held in Antalya, Turkey from April 22-27, 2008 is presented. Topics include the importance of information and technology in the hospitality and tourism academic research and practice, impacts of tourism and writing journal articles. The conference featured the internationally known researcher Turgut Var and moderators Alan Fyall and Juergen Gnoth.

This paper aims to show that (i) there are two micro-models of tourism capitalism in Antalya (Turkey) and (ii) different trajectories of (re)scaling of state–business relations form an integral part of each model of tourism capitalism. The paper bridges two debates in the literature that generally are very isolated from each other, namely those on state (re)scaling and variety of capitalism. Based on written documents and in-depth interviews with representatives of tourism associations, an enclave-tourism capitalism is distinguished from a disorganized tourism capitalism. The former is characterized by (i) local tourism–infrastructure associations and corporate company associations founded by central state and strong relations with each other, (ii) administrative customization, (iii) a mixture of a dominant developmental and a business-corporatist state, (iv) downward and upward scaling managed by central state and (v) a partly compartmentalized and partly collaborative business system. Disorganized tourism capitalism is characterized by (i) an organic tourism development, (ii) local voluntary business associations dominated by big hotels, (iii) administrative uniformity, (iv) a mixture of an arm's length and a particularistic state, (v) a fragmented and project-based business system and (vi) downward scaling managed by big tourism businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the influence of tourism planning policies and their interventions in the city of Antalya. In this context, tourism development policies and projects on Antalya, which are strongly influenced by central government, are evaluated by making a general historical overview on the tourism planning policy of Turkey. It is seen that big tourism development plans, projects and land allocations made by the central government, stimulated explosive tourism development and influenced the city of Antalya. Mass tourism development strategy has created socio-spatial segregation and environmentally less-sensitized tourism growth in Antalya. Based on the effects of tourism development in the city, this paper proposes a possible tourism planning approach that can reduce the negative effects of tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates perceptions of the environmental impacts of tourism in an area of mass tourism, Kemer, Antalya, in Turkey. The perceptions and behaviour of sun- and sea-seeking tourists of three different nationalities are evaluated: German, Russian and Turkish. Their willingness to pay and attitudes towards the bodies responsible for protecting the environment are also assessed. The research uses a questionnaire which was translated into three languages (German, Russian and Turkish) and was applied to a total of 460 tourists. The results confirmed that differences in 'environmental awareness' were more strongly associated with differences in nationality, than with educational levels and occupations. Above all, German tourists were more 'environmentally aware' than Russian and Turkish tourists. There were also national differences in tourists' 'willingness to pay' for environmental measures. The results pose important issues for tourism policy in respect of market segmentation and environmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper probes differences in attitudes toward tourism impacts between two leading stakeholder groups in tourism, local residents and the managers of tourism facilities. It uses case study surveys of residents and managers in Belek, Antalya, Turkey. Differences in attitudes across seven main areas are investigated, including the positive and negative economic outcomes of tourism; positive and negative sociocultural impacts; negative environmental impacts; views on further tourism development, and benefits and problems related to forested land close to destinations. The results reveal that some attitudes are held in common – especially positive attitudes including tourism's benefits in creating jobs and income. Differences were mostly observed not in the direction but in the strength of opinion. The most significant differences were found in managers' beliefs that tourism's environmental and social impacts were few, while residents were extremely negative about those impacts. Differences of attitudes on the future use of forestland headed the list of all differences between managers and residents. Divergent loyalties were revealed. Managers supported their business and employers; local people supported their local area. The need for further research, including the role of perhaps distant “moral stakeholders”, and for more comprehensive understanding, and more sustainable outcomes, are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a wide variety of ways in which different cities are governed, based on the different state type as well as the sectoral policies that are applied. This paper aims to show how theories on governance should pay more attention to different sectoral policies and state types when explaining modes of governance in cities. The study will make a comparative analysis of two cities from different countries in which tourism plays a leading role: Amsterdam and Antalya. These cities have followed very different paths under the influence of their respective state types. It is found that the type of state is not only influential in creating different modes of governance for both cities, but also in creating different forms of governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate positive and negative aspects of the wholesale market system using the case study of Antalya's fresh vegetable and fruit crops wholesale market. in addition to an evaluation of the present legislation, this study proposes solutions to the problems faced by the wholesalers and growers. Finally, an evaluation of the marketing system has been attempted using data obtained from a research survey conducted among producers and brokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gradient boosting regression tree (GBT) approach is introduced for 1- and 3-month-ahead standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index (SPEI) classification for Antalya and Ankara in Turkey. First, the numerical target series of SPEI-6 was converted into the categorical vectors of extreme wet, wet, near normal, dry, and extremely dry labels. Then, a GBT model was trained and validated using the lagged SPEI-6 series of four global grid points closest to each city. The model efficiency was surveyed in terms of kappa, overall accuracy, misclassification rate, class recall, class precision, and F1 score. The GBT was also compared with the traditional decision tree and state-of-the-art random forest models developed as the benchmarks. Despite facing the unbalanced label vectors, the GBT approach showed promising processing performance with an overall accuracy of 77% (83%) and 74% (72%) in Antalya (Ankara) at 1- and 3-month-ahead prediction scenarios, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 1990s, marriages between Russian women and Turkish men have become more common. Today, Russian brides have the top place among marriage migrants in Turkey. This study aims to reveal the actors, places, motivations and mechanisms of these marriages, which have changed the social fabric significantly. The study emphasizes the direct effects of political-economic structures on mixed marriage and marriage migrations. In this study, in-depth interviews were held with Russian brides and their Turkish husbands in İstanbul and Antalya. The results show that this 30-year-old marriage pattern has evolved substantially over time, mirroring the two countries' political economy, and has created its own system that diverges from the global trend in several ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is about the expectations of the future of hoteliers in the tourism city of Antalya who intend to start a new firm during the recent (geo)political crisis in Turkey. The starting point of our analysis is that capitalism is a dynamic open system that is full of creativity and novelties. That is why entrepreneurs who plan to invest face a radical uncertainty about the future and can neither make rational decisions nor form rational expectations. Instead, their decisions are based on fictional expectations (Beckert) as a motivational basis of action that are not only individually but also socially constructed by a variety of social factors that are never discussed both in tourism and resilience literature. By doing a case study, the fictional expectations of starting hoteliers are explored. The main results are the fictional expectations of hoteliers are formed in interaction with other actors in the tourism industry and banks, and, notwithstanding the geopolitical crisis that severely hit tourism and future threats such as overtourism and pandemic, the hoteliers are optimistic about the future because of believing their luxury service of their (4 and 5) star hotels and the place quality of Antalya, Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feasibility of polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and response surface method (RSM) models is investigated for modelling reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The modelling results of the proposed models are validated against the M5 model tree and multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) methods. Two meteorological stations, Isparta and Antalya, in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, are inspected. Various input combinations of daily air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and relative humidity are constructed as input attributes for the ET0. Generally, the modelling accuracy is increased by increasing the number of inputs. Including wind speed in the model inputs considerably increases their accuracy in modelling ET0. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), agreement index (d) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) are used as comparison criteria. The PCE is the most accurate model in estimating daily ET0, giving the lowest MAE (0.036 and 0.037 mm) and RMSE (0.047 and 0.050 mm) and the highest d (0.9998 and 0.9999) and NSE (0.9992 and 0.9996) with the four-input PCE models for Isparta and Antalya, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Announces the International Symposium on Micro/Nanoscale Energy Conversion and Transport on April 14 to 19, 2002 in Antalya, Turkey. Objectives of the conference; Scope.

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This study was designed to evaluate different approaches to the protection of the environments of coastal recreation sites in and around Antalya, Turkey. Data was collected by means of a survey of coastal recreation sites and six categories were evaluated: environmental protection, infrastructure facilities, water conservation, energy conservation, waste management, and protection of the natural environment. The results indicated that there was a clear motivation among site managers or authorities for environmental protection (p < .05), infrastructure facilities (p < .001), water conservation (p < .05), energy conservation (p < .05) and the protection of the natural environment (p < .001) but waste management was not accorded a priority. The quality of coastal recreation largely relies on the attractiveness and naturalness of the environment. Although good quality site management largely depends on the awareness and willingness of individual site managers, more proactive approaches toward better environmental protection of recreation sites along the Turkish Mediterranean coast might be effective in improving their sustainable use, particularly in the absence of proper site planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. The effect of intermittent partial surface wetting on body and surface temperature were investigated at 62 and 20 weeks of age in domestic laying hens of ATABEY (white) and ATAK (brown) strains. 2. The number of control and treatment birds was 96, half of which were 62 weeks of age and the remainder 20-week-old birds. 3. Sprinkling was done on the head, head appendages, neck and dorsal surface by releasing 10 ml/bird in a sprinkling session. The control birds were not sprinkled at any time. 4. The first measurement was carried out immediately before sprinkling, the second just after sprinkling, and measurements were then repeated every 5 min until the end of the 20th min. 5. Partial surface sprinkle cooling had a positive effect in relieving the birds of heat stress. The treatment birds had lower core body, head and dorsal surface temperatures than the control birds. 6. The treatment effect on egg production was significant in young birds but not in the older ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple approach to predict nitrogen concentration in groundwater beneath unsewered areas was developed and applied to the Liman region in Antalya, Turkey. The approach was also applied to predict the population density that was expected to increase groundwater nitrogen concentrations beyond 5.65 mg/L, which is the maximum value allowable by Turkish drinking water standards. The approach evaluated nitrogen and water budgets that included septic tanks, rainfall, and groundwater entering the upgradient boundary. The approach was shown to be sensitive to hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic gradient, denitrification rate in sewage, population density, and domestic water consumption. Predictions and field measurements of nitrogen concentration in groundwater showed good agreement in the Liman region. Moreover, the study illustrated the significant impact of groundwater entering the aquifer upgradient of the Liman region on nitrogen levels. The developed and tested approach is helpful and easy for planners and decision-makers to use in similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, international tourism demand and short-run Supply for Antalya-Belek hotel industry are examined via simultaneous equations econometric model using monthly data between 1998-M10 and 2006-Mb. The overall goodness-of-fit of both demand and supply models is very high, suggesting a high predictive power. Through empirical implementation of the theoretical model, several important determinants of supply and demand are identified. On the demand side, "tourist arrivals" is a significant factor driving the demand for beds, while "room rate" has a significant negative impact on the bed demand. At the same time, "bed demand", "the Consumer Price Index based on real effective exchange rate index", and "the GAP between bed supply and demand" have a significant positive Impact on room rates. Empirical results suggest that the hotel operators in Antalya-Belek attempt to raise the room rates in order to close the gap between actual and expected incomes, when they face high excess gap between the bed supply and demand. Also, yield management is employed by the hotel operators in Antalya-Belek due to the positive impact of the bed demand on room rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a part of the survey research conducted in Antalya, Turkey, whose aim was to gain a better understanding of resident attitudes and perceptions of tourism. Factor analysis applied to impact statements yielded nine reliable dimensions of tourism impacts as perceived by local residents. The most important dimensions were effect of tourist crowds, impact on built environment, and impact on social values. The study findings suggest that residents of Antalya could differentiate between benefits and costs while still remaining predominantly supportive of tourism. In addition, this study empirically verified that residents with the highest overall level of support for tourism expansion in Antalya tended to be people who were more educated, did not live in the proximity of the city's central tourist area, were more frequent users of tourism facilities, had tourism-dependent income, and were employed in jobs that had a direct relation to tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]