47 results
Search Results
2. Strength grading of timber in the UK and Ireland in 2021.
- Author
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Ridley-Ellis, Dan, Gil-Moreno, David, and Harte, Annette M.
- Subjects
TIMBER ,WOODEN building - Abstract
This paper summarises the state of the art for strength grading of construction timber grown in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. It includes the latest approvals based on recent research on spruce, larch and Douglas-fir. It lists the following information along with the primary references: visual grading grades and strength class assignments; grading machines with approved settings for machine control grading; the species, size ranges and strength class combinations covered; and grade determining properties of specific strength classes for the UK and Irish markets. This paper is useful for those grading timber, and those specifying UK and Irish grown timber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Irish Criminal Trials and European Legal Culture: A Backdrop to Brexit.
- Author
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Heffernan, Liz
- Subjects
- *
CRIMINAL trials , *COMMON law , *CONSTITUTIONAL law , *EUROPEAN Union law ,EUROPEAN law - Abstract
This paper explores select themes relating to legal culture in European criminal justice post-Brexit by focusing on aspects of the common law trial process in the Irish courts. The incorporation of EU law and the ECHR within the domestic legal order has necessitated the nurturing of a constructive co-existence with the country's longer standing constitutional and common law traditions. Ireland and the United Kingdom have collaborated closely as common law Member States and the departure of the UK from the EU will affect Ireland's position in EU criminal justice in many and varied ways. Using the examples of victim participation in criminal trials and pre-trial access of suspects to legal assistance, the paper seeks to illuminate trends of consonance and dissonance in Ireland's relationship with European law. Drawing on the shared commitment to the protection of fundamental rights in the EU and the ECHR, the discussion reflects on some of the longer term implications of Brexit for the common law presence in European criminal legal culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Testing for Asymmetric Pricing Behaviour in Irish and UK Petrol and Diesel Markets.
- Author
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Bermingham, Colin and O'Brien, Derry
- Subjects
PRICING ,PETROLEUM industry ,DIESEL fuels - Abstract
This paper empirically tests whether Irish and UK petrol and diesel markets are characterised by asymmetric pricing behaviour. The econometric assessment uses threshold autoregressive models and a dataset of monthly refined oil and retail prices covering the period 1994 to mid-2009. In addition to providing an appraisal of the existence of asymmetry in the Irish and UK markets, the paper provides an important methodological contribution. Tests of asymmetry in the literature normally partition the sample into periods of falling and rising international oil prices. This fails to account for price pressures coming from the equilibrium error of the cointegrating relationship. In particular, the possibility of conflicting price pressures arising from short-run dynamics in retail prices and responses to disequilibrium errors needs to be explicitly modelled. We take this issue into account in an econometric model and we highlight the importance of this distinction. In terms of the asymmetric behaviour of these markets, the paper finds no evidence to support the "rockets and feathers" hypothesis that prices rise faster than they fall in response to changes in the value of international oil prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Current practice and recommendations for managing transgender patient data in clinical laboratories in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.
- Author
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Hepburn, Sophie, Buchanan, Devon, and Costelloe, Seán J
- Subjects
PATHOLOGICAL laboratories ,TRANSGENDER people ,GENDER ,NONBINARY people ,PATIENT experience ,LABORATORY management - Abstract
Background: Transgender people may avoid seeking medical care due to previous negative experiences and fear of discrimination. Clinical laboratories can contribute to a poor patient experience and clinical outcome when the design and functionality of laboratory information management systems (LIMS) do not consider the needs of transgender patients. This survey aimed to capture current practices in United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland clinical laboratories concerning how transgender patient data and test requests are managed throughout the total testing process. Methods: An anonymous survey was distributed to clinical laboratory professionals in November 2021. Thirty-three questions covered how gender variables are recorded for transgender patients and used to inform gender-specific calculations, test access, and reference intervals (RIs). Results: Of the 66 respondents, 70% were based in laboratories in England, with a majority of laboratories having ISO 15189 accreditation and processing 1000–10,000 blood samples daily. Eighty-five percent stated that their LIMS had a single field recording sex or gender information. Forty-three percent did not limit test access based on gender, but 68% did not append RIs for patients with unknown or indeterminate gender. Conclusions: This survey was the first to quantify how clinical laboratories manage sex and gender information and report results for transgender and non-binary patients, and details several key recommendations based on the survey responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Extradition Between the UK and Ireland After Brexit—Understanding the Past and Present to Prepare for the Future.
- Author
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Davies, Gemma and Arnell, Paul
- Subjects
- *
GOOD Friday Agreement (1998) , *EXTRADITION , *WARRANTS (Law) , *BRITISH withdrawal from the European Union, 2016-2020 - Abstract
The Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom have a long, close and difficult history. The most recent phase of which dates from 1998 and the conclusion of the Good Friday Agreement. Since 1921, however, there has been unique practice between Ireland and the UK as regards the transfer of accused and convicted persons from one to the other. Indeed, there has been a special and close relationship between the two in that regard; albeit one not without difficulties. In recent times EU Justice and Home Affairs measures and the Good Friday Agreement have supplemented and strengthened the relationship. These include, since January 2004, the European Arrest Warrant (EAW). The EAW has been particularly important in streamlining the extradition process between the Ireland and the UK. This phase of history and co-operation is coming to an end. The UK's membership of the EU has now ceased, and a transition period during which the UK remains part of the EAW will end on 31st December 2020. The extradition relationship between the two is therefore facing a considerable challenge. There are several options open to Ireland, the UK and the EU as a replacement. Time, political will and the interests of third states, however, may well stand in the way of the conclusion of an agreement that optimally serves the interests of all parties and criminal justice. This paper considers the origins of extradition between the UK and Ireland and the alternative methods of extradition open to the UK and Ireland after Brexit. Consideration is given to the likely operation of a Norway-Iceland style agreement and whether such an agreement will be in place by the end of the transition and, if it was, whether its terms are likely to be sufficient for the needs of Ireland and the UK. The possibility of a bilateral arrangement on extradition between Ireland and the UK is also explored. Underlying the discussion is the critical point that the future extradition relationship must retain its 'special' characteristics, and therefore maintain the trust and good will that has developed over the years and given rise to an effective extradition relationship between the two countries. In other words, the lessons of history must be remembered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Perspectives on the role of the speech and language therapist in palliative care: An international survey.
- Author
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O’Reilly, Aoife C. and Walshe, Margaret
- Subjects
COMMUNICATION ,DEGLUTITION disorders ,RESEARCH methodology ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,QUALITY of life ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SPEECH therapists ,SPEECH therapy ,JUDGMENT sampling ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,THEMATIC analysis ,CROSS-sectional method ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Speech and language therapists can improve the quality of life of people receiving palliative care through the management of communication and swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). However, their role in this domain is poorly defined and little is understood about the current international professional practice in this field. Aims: To examine how speech and language therapists perceive their role in the delivery of palliative care to clients, to discover current international speech and language therapist practices and to explore the similarities and differences in speech and language therapists’ practice in palliative care internationally. This will inform professional clinical guidelines and practice in this area.Design:Anonymous, non-experimental, cross-sectional survey design.Participants:Speech and language therapists working with adult and paediatric palliative care populations in Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand where the speech and language therapist profession is well established. Method: Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants internationally using gatekeepers. An online survey was disseminated using Survey Monkey (
http://www.surveymonkey.com ). Results: A total of 322 speech and language therapists responded to the survey. Speech and language therapist practices in palliative care were similar across continents. Current speech and language therapist practices along with barriers and facilitators to practice were identified. The need for a speech and language therapist professional position paper on this topic was emphasised by respondents. Conclusion: Internationally, speech and language therapists believe they have a role in palliative care. The speech and language therapist respondents highlighted that this area of practice is under-resourced, under-acknowledged and poorly developed. They highlighted the need for additional research as well as specialist training and education for speech and language therapists and other multidisciplinary team members in the area of palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Powers, liabilities and expertise in community safety: Comparative lessons for ‘urban security’ from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.
- Author
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Gilling, Daniel, Hughes, Gordon, Bowden, Matthew, Edwards, Adam, Henry, Alistair, and Topping, John
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT liability ,COMMUNITY safety ,CRIME prevention ,TOWN security & safety measures ,CRIMINOLOGY - Abstract
This paper begins by outlining and critiquing what we term the dominant anglophone model of neo-liberal community safety and crime prevention. As an alternative to this influential but flawed model, a comparative analysis is provided of the different constitutional-legal settlements in each of the five jurisdictions across the UK and the Republic of Ireland (ROI), and their uneven institutionalization of community safety. In the light of this it is argued that the nature of the anglophone community safety enterprise is actually subject to significant variation. Summarizing the contours of this variation facilitates our articulation of some core dimensions of community safety. Then, making use of Colebatch’s (2002) deconstruction of policy activity into categories of authority and expertise, and Brunsson’s (2002) distinction between policy talk, decisions and action, we put forward a way of understanding policy activity that avoids the twin dangers of ‘false particularism’ and ‘false universalism’ (Edwards and Hughes, 2005); that indicates a path for further empirical enquiry to assess the ‘reality’ of policy convergence; and that enables the engagement of researchers with normative questions about where community safety should be heading. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Management of chronic cough in patients receiving palliative care: Review of evidence and recommendations by a task group of the Association for Palliative Medicine of Great Britain and Ireland.
- Author
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Wee, Bee, Browning, Juliet, Adams, Astrid, Benson, Debbie, Howard, Paul, Klepping, Gwen, Molassiotis, Alex, and Taylor, David
- Subjects
CHRONIC disease treatment ,COUGH treatment ,ANTITUSSIVE agents ,CINAHL database ,MEDICAL databases ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL protocols ,MEDLINE ,PALLIATIVE treatment - Abstract
The article reports a study which examined literature evidence which exists on management of chronic cough in patients receiving palliative care. The review of the literature revealed 11 studies on management of chronic cough. Of these, only five provided levels of evidence of 2 or above; the remainder were case reports or case series. This indicates that there is very little evidence to support guidelines for the management of chronic cough in advanced, progressive disease.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Reconciling Enemies: Righteousness and Peace in Northern Ireland.
- Author
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Barnes, L. Philip
- Subjects
CHRISTIANS ,GOOD Friday Agreement (1998) ,CHRISTIANITY ,SALVATION - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to articulate a Christian model of social and political engagement and to illustrate its appropriateness and fruitfulness through its application to the post-conflict situation in Northern Ireland. The argument is structured around three propositions, the implications of which are explored in a final fourth section: (1) that political forgiveness is an inappropriate model of Christian social and political engagement; (2) that Christians should seek justice/ righteousness in the public realm; (3) that Christian commitment and practice are contextual, and, consequently, the practice of righteousness in Northern Ireland must take account of and relate to the particular history of Northern Ireland; and finally (4) an account is provided of the form Christian righteousness could take in post-conflict Northern Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The Development of the UK Coaching Certificate for Golf.
- Author
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Phillpots, Kyle
- Subjects
GOLF coaching ,GOLF instruction ,GOLFERS - Abstract
Golf instruction within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland has traditionally been delivered by PGA Professionals. However, the desire of governments for sports to address a wider social agenda has led to an overhaul of the coaching and coach education driven by the recommendations of a Coaching Task Force. The development of a five-level structure for coaching and a formalized and standardised coach education programme known as the United Kingdom Coaching Certificate (UKCC) was the result of these recommendations. Within golf, this development was led by the PGA of Great Britain and Ireland in partnership with the other governing bodies from the amateur game. The background to the UKCC, the macro- and meso-political issues and the solutions adopted by golf are discussed within this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The Health Legacy of the Emigration: the Irish in Britain and Elsewhere, 1845-1995.
- Author
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Williams, Rory
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,IMMIGRANTS ,IRISH people ,POPULATION geography - Abstract
Arguing that the life chances of the Irish emigration in different countries of destination are a highly significant topic for sociologists, this article examines aspects of the health of people of Irish descent born in Britain. This is the subject of a research programme in the Medical Sociology Unit in Glasgow, funded by the UK's Medical Research Council. This historical background to this venture lies in the discovery of a health disadvantage among the Irish in Britain, and the establishment of links between the Irish emigration and high mortality in British cities, despite low mortality in Ireland when the migration was at its height. Theoretical accounts which have guided investigation of this issue include the possibility of prolonged effects from early capitalism in Britain, or that of entrenched effects from cultural exclusion, whether derived from competition for jobs and housing, or from political and religious divisions. These varying accounts lead to competing predictions, and the paper concludes by reviewing progress in testing these predictions, and by suggesting implications for research in other countries of destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Inpatient hospice admissions. Who is admitted and why: a mixed-method prospective study.
- Author
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Haraldsdottir, Erna, Lloyd, Anna, Bijak, Martyn, Milton, Libby, and Finucane, Anne M.
- Subjects
HOSPICE care ,LENGTH of stay in hospitals ,TERMINAL care ,RESEARCH methodology ,PATIENT selection ,PATIENTS ,INTERVIEWING ,COMMUNITY health services ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PALLIATIVE treatment - Abstract
Background: Over the next two decades, the numbers of people who will need palliative care in the United Kingdom and Ireland is projected to increase. Hospices play a vital role supporting people who require specialist palliative care input through community-based and inpatient palliative care services. Evidence is needed to understand the role of these different services to inform future service development. Objectives: To describe the reasons for admission, and outcomes at the end of the stay, for patients admitted to two hospice inpatient units (IPUs). Design: This was a mixed-methods study using a convergent, parallel mixed-methods design. Methods: We reviewed the case notes of all patients admitted to two hospice inpatient units from July to November 2019; conducted semi-structured interviews with patients and families; as well as brief structured interviews with inpatient unit staff. Results: Two hundred fifty-nine patients were admitted to a hospice IPU, accounting for 276 admissions in total. Overall, 53% were female; median age was 71 years (range: 26–95 years). Most patients (95%) were White British or Scottish, and 95% had a cancer diagnosis. Most patients were admitted from the community, under one-third were admitted from hospital. Most (85%) had previous palliative care involvement. Nearly, half had district nurse support (48%). Worry and anxiety was frequently reported as a reason for admission, alongside physical concerns. Median length of stay was 12 days, and 68% died during their stay. Hospice was recorded as the preferred place of care for 56% of those who died there. Conclusions: Sustained efforts to promote the hospice as place of care for people with conditions other than cancer are needed alongside greater clarity regarding of the role of the hospice IPU, and who would benefit most from IPU support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Over a third of palliative medicine physicians meet burnout criteria: Results from a survey study during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Author
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Boland, Jason W., Kabir, Monisha, Spilg, Edward G., Webber, Colleen, Bush, Shirley H., Murtagh, Fliss, and Lawlor, Peter G.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,PHYSICIANS' attitudes ,PALLIATIVE medicine ,RISK assessment ,QUALITY of life ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MENTAL depression ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,ODDS ratio ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,PSYCHOLOGY of physicians ,PALLIATIVE treatment - Abstract
Background: Palliative medicine physicians may be at higher risk of burnout due to increased stressors and compromised resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Burnout prevalence and factors influencing this among UK and Irish palliative medicine physicians is unknown. Aim: To determine the prevalence of burnout and the degree of resilience among UK and Irish palliative medicine physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated factors. Design: Online survey using validated assessment scales assessed burnout and resilience: The Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel [MBI-HSS (MP)] and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Additional tools assessed depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and quality of life. Setting/participants: Association of Palliative Medicine of UK and Ireland members actively practising in hospital, hospice or community settings. Results: There were 544 respondents from the 815 eligible participants (66.8%), 462 provided complete MBI-HSS (MP) data and were analysed. Of those 181/462 (39.2%) met burnout criteria, based on high emotional exhaustion or depersonalisation subscales of the MBI-HSS (MP). A reduced odds of burnout was observed among physicians who worked ⩽20 h/week (vs 31–40 h/week, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.002–0.56) and who had a greater perceived level of clinical support (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.80). Physicians with higher levels of depressive symptoms had higher odds of burnout (aOR 18.32, 95% CI 6.75–49.73). Resilience, mean (SD) CD-RISC score, was lower in physicians who met burnout criteria compared to those who did not (62.6 (11.1) vs 70.0 (11.3); p < 0.001). Conclusions: Over one-third of palliative medicine physicians meet burnout criteria. The provision of enhanced organisational and colleague support is paramount in both the current and future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Cyber Nuts and Bolts: Effective Participatory Online Learning, Theory and Practice.
- Author
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Barnard, Josie
- Subjects
ONLINE education ,VIRTUAL classrooms ,BOLTS & nuts ,COVID-19 pandemic ,CREATIVE writing ,THEORY-practice relationship ,NUTS - Abstract
This article presents emergent findings from an empirical research study conducted during Covid lockdown with 52 undergraduate students at a UK university November 2020–April 2021. The research study, which adopts a teacher-practitioner stance, builds on a 2012–2019 programme of research (represented by publications including Barnard 2019) which explores the potentials and dangers that digital technologies hold for pedagogy and education. It is located in the field of Creative Writing and uses the discipline's pedagogical practice of 'workshopping' as a case study. The Creative Writing workshop centres on the exchange of information and critically informed comment by participating students (generally in small groups), and, as such, has similarities with seminars in other disciplines. Hence it is hoped that this article will be of benefit both in the home discipline and more widely. The contention of this article is that, to maintain quality in the delivery of participatory online teaching, it is necessary to ensure an ongoing feedback loop between individuals' bodily existence 'IRL' ('In Real Life') and the section of cyberspace that they carve out and inhabit collaboratively during virtual seminar groups. It considers how the cliché of the 'digital native' can inhibit learning and the role of affect in enabling productive online and engagement. In taking initial steps towards development of a pedagogy of affect in which a 'neutral terrain' is established that enables students to apply and develop close reading skills in an online environment, it presents a new theoretical position on what constitutes effective pedagogy in the context of participatory virtual classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Designing an optimal infection prevention service: Part 2.
- Author
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Robinson, Jude, Price, Lesley, Otter, Jon, and Burnett, Emma
- Subjects
INFECTION prevention ,MEETINGS ,RESEARCH methodology ,PREVENTION of communicable diseases ,MEDICAL care ,HUMAN services programs ,SOUND recordings ,RESEARCH funding ,QUALITY assurance ,THEMATIC analysis ,EMAIL ,ALLIED health personnel - Abstract
Background: The importance of infection prevention and control (IPC) services to prevent threats from healthcare-associated infections and improve the quality of healthcare delivery is undeniable. However, IPC services across the UK and Ireland have substantial variability in terms of team structures and delivery models. Aim: The aim of this study was to define an optimal IPC service in different contexts and settings within the United Kingdom and Ireland. Methods: This mixed methods study adopted discussion huddles with IPC teams to explore various components of IPC programmes and services. A Nominal Group technique was then undertaken to achieve a group consensus of what an optimal infection prevention service should look like. Results: Five discussion huddles were conducted which included 53 participants in total. Key themes arising were IPC Service Priorities, IPC Service Enablers for Success, and Necessary Skills and Expertise Required for Delivering an Effective IPC Service. For the nominal technique, 45 responses were identified which were determining the key priorities for an effective IPC service and 69 responses for establishing key enablers for success. Discussion: These findings supported the development of a conceptual model for designing an optimal infection prevention service, which can be used to develop IPC services at an international, national, regional and local level. A focus is required around implementation of these highlighted enablers, so are effectively embedded into infection prevention and control services, and wider healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Designing an optimal infection prevention service: Part 1.
- Author
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Burnett, Emma, Cooper, Tracey, Wares, Karen, Wigglesworth, Neil, Chiwera, Lilian, Settle, Chris, and Robinson, Jude
- Subjects
CROSS infection prevention ,AUDITING ,RESEARCH ,INFERENTIAL statistics ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,PREVENTION of communicable diseases ,RESEARCH methodology ,HOSPITAL health promotion programs ,EXECUTIVES ,INFECTION control ,HUMAN services programs ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,DATA analysis software ,BUDGET ,ALLIED health personnel - Abstract
Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) pose a significant threat to the health and safety of patients, staff, and visitors. Infection prevention and control (IPC) teams play a crucial role in ensuring that systems and processes are in place to keep everyone safe within the healthcare environment. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify components of infection prevention services, priorities, indicators of successes and how they are measured, and facilitators and barriers to success. Methods: A s urvey questionnaire was developed and circulated to infection prevention leaders and managers. Findings/results: Seventy IPC leaders/managers completed the survey. Participants were responsible for a range of IPC services within and across healthcare organisations, with significant variations to IPC delivery components. Additionally, a range of budget availability was reported. Several IPC service requirements were considered core work of IPC teams, including providing IPC advice and support, surveillance and audit and education and training. Discussion: An optimal IPC service needs to be in place to ensure HCAIs are minimised or prevented. In a post pandemic era, this is more important than ever before. This is also as crucial for the health and wellbeing of those working in IPC, who have endured unprecedented demand for their services during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Assessing medical mistrust in organ donation across countries using item response theory.
- Author
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Ghoshal, Arunangshu, O'Carroll, Ronan E, Ferguson, Eamonn, Shepherd, Lee, Doherty, Sally, Mathew, Mary, Morgan, Karen, and Doyle, Frank
- Subjects
MEDICAL mistrust ,RESEARCH methodology ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,PATIENT-professional relations ,ORGAN donation ,PUBLIC opinion ,ORGAN donors - Abstract
Although medical mistrust (MM) may be an impediment to public health interventions, no MM scale has been validated across countries and the assessment of MM has not been explored using item response theory, which allows generalisation beyond the sampled data. We aimed to determine the dimensionality of a brief MM measure across four countries through Mokken analysis and Graded Response Modelling. Analysis of 1468 participants from UK (n = 1179), Ireland (n = 191), India (n = 49) and Malaysia (n = 49) demonstrated that MM items formed a hierarchical, unidimensional measure, which is very informative about high levels of MM. Possible item reduction and scoring changes were also demonstrated. This study demonstrates that this brief MM measure is suitable for international studies as it is unidimensional across countries, cross cultural, and shows that minor adjustments will not impact on the assessment of MM when using these items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Women's Imprisonment in Britain and Ireland.
- Author
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Quinlan, Christina
- Subjects
IMPRISONMENT ,PRISONS ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,CRIME - Abstract
This research, utilizing a case study design, focused on prison operations in women's prisons and compared those across each of the four jurisdictions of England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. The numbers of women in prison, the crimes for which they are imprisoned, and their sentences are considered, along with women's prison policy initiatives in each jurisdiction. The differences between these policies and the realities of women's experiences in prison are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Three faces of civilization: 'In the beginning all the world was Ireland'.
- Author
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van Krieken, Robert
- Subjects
FIGURATIONAL sociology ,CIVILIZING process ,SOCIAL processes ,SOCIOLOGICAL research ,HISTORY of colonization ,IRISH history - Abstract
This paper outlines a refinement of the sociological usage of the concept ‘civilization’ by distinguishing between three different ‘faces’ of civilization – as the opposite of barbarism, as equivalent to culture, and in Elias’s sense as capturing a particular trajectory of socio-historical development. I then illustrate how this distinction between three different faces of civilization can be deployed in relation to the history of the various attempts by the English to civilize the population of Ireland. Finally, I reflect on the centrality of the experience of the colonization of Ireland for the English conception of how ‘barbarism’ should be understood and opposed to ‘civilization’ (which was then later mobilized in the colonization of the New World), as well as on the ways in which the colonization of Ireland constituted a binding together of both civilizing and decivilizing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Family Matters: (e)migration, familial networks and Irish women in Britain.
- Author
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Ryan, Louise
- Subjects
- *
EMIGRATION & immigration , *IMMIGRANTS , *REFUGEES , *SELF-efficacy , *FAMILIES - Abstract
The recent increase in transnational migration among women has lead to a reappraisal of theoretical explanations of migratory movement ( ; ; ). This paper reviews a number of theoretical explanations of transnational migration and then applies these theories to a qualitative study of women who migrated from Ireland to Britain in the 1930s. I explore the women's reasons for leaving Ireland and their experiences as young economic migrants in Britain in the inter-war years. Women have made up the majority of Irish migrants to Britain for much of the twentieth century yet the dominant stereotype of the Irish migrant has been the Mick or Paddy image ( ). Through an analysis of these twelve women's narratives of migration, I explore themes such as household strategies and familial networks. I am interested in the interwoven explanations of migration as both a form of escape ( ) and a rational family strategy and, hence, the ways in which women's decision to migrate can be seen as a combination of both active agency and family obligation. Drawing on the work of ) as well as ) and , ), I will analyse the ways in which family connections may transcend migration and engage with the concept of ‘transnational family’ ( ). In so doing, I raise questions about the complex nature of migration and the extent to which it could be described in terms of empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. War, Imperial Expansion and Religious Developments in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland.
- Author
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Conway, Stephen
- Subjects
WAR ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL conflict ,IMPERIALISM ,FAITH development ,EIGHTEENTH century - Abstract
This article offers a fresh look at the relationship between war, imperial expansion (itself a consequence of war) and religious developments in Britain and Ireland in the middle decades of the eighteenth century. While conflict between Britain and the Catholic Bourbon powers between 1739 and 1763 heightened popular hostility to 'popery' among Protestants, war and the expansion of empire helped to change elite attitudes towards Catholicism. Catholic rehabilitation, though long-drawn-out and limited in this period, had the effect of dividing Protestants, deepening the mutual suspicions and mistrust between Protestant Dissenters and the Anglican establishment in England, Wales and Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Frontier of control struggles in British and Irish public transport.
- Author
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Hughes, Emma and Dobbins, Tony
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL relations ,STRUGGLE - Abstract
Few contemporary studies of change in industrial relations use Carter Goodrich's classic concept of the 'frontier of control' (FoC), especially in cross-national comparative research. Our study maps FoC struggles in two public transport organizations in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Qualitative methods generate significant insights into complex day-to-day workplace control patterns in these two cases. Despite changes in the frontier of control in both organizations over time, it is observed that employment relations in the Irish case are more cooperative than in the British. The frontier of control still matters, because workplace control regimes shape managerial ability to secure worker consent and are always potentially contestable terrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Party competition on climate policy: The roles of interest groups, ideology and challenger parties in the UK and Ireland.
- Author
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Carter, Neil and Little, Conor
- Subjects
CLIMATE change denial ,IDEOLOGY ,POLITICAL parties ,CLIMATE change ,POLITICAL science - Abstract
This study shows how interest group–party relations, parties' cross-cutting policy preferences, and competition with challenger parties shape the structure of issue competition on climate policy. It uses the 'most similar' cases of the UK and Ireland to show how differences in party systems influence the structure of issue competition. The study takes up the challenge of integrating salience and position in the conceptualisation of climate policy preferences. Empirically, it provides new evidence on factors influencing climate policy preferences and the party politics of climate change, focusing on interest groups, party ideology, and challenger parties. Further, it identifies similarities between the general literature on interest group influence on party preferences and the literature on interest groups in climate politics, and seeks to make connections between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Comparison of financial support for family caregivers of people at the end of life across six countries: A descriptive study.
- Author
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Gardiner, Clare, Taylor, Beth, Robinson, Jackie, and Gott, Merryn
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT agencies ,CAREGIVERS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,ENDOWMENTS ,RESEARCH methodology ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,POLICY sciences ,SURVEYS ,TERMINALLY ill - Abstract
Background: Family caregivers of people at the end of life can face significant financial burden. While appropriate financial support can reduce the burden for family caregivers, little is known about the range and adequacy of financial support, welfare and benefits for family caregivers across countries with similarly developed health care systems. Aim: The aim is o identify and compare sources of financial support for family caregivers of people approaching the end of life, across six countries with similarly performing health care systems (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States). Design: A survey of financial support, welfare and benefits for end of life family caregivers was completed by 99 palliative care experts from the six countries. Grey literature searches and academic database searches were also conducted. Comparative analyses of all data sources documented financial support within and between each country. Results: Some form of financial support for family caregivers is available in all six countries; however the type, extent and reach of support vary. Financial support is administered by multiple agencies, eligibility criteria for receiving support are numerous and complex, and there is considerable inequity in the provision of support. Conclusion: Numerous barriers exist to the receipt of financial support, welfare and benefits. We identified several areas of concern, including a lack of clarity around eligibility, inconsistent implementation, complexity in process and limited support for working carers. Nonetheless, there is significant potential for policymakers to learn from other countries' experiences, particularly with regard to the scope and operationalisation of financial support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Appropriate frameworks for economic evaluation of end of life care: A qualitative investigation with stakeholders.
- Author
-
Kinghorn, Philip and Coast, Joanna
- Subjects
ANXIETY prevention ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,COST effectiveness ,EXPERIENCE ,FEAR ,HEALTH care rationing ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL personnel ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,THERAPEUTICS ,QUALITATIVE research ,ATTITUDES toward death ,PATIENTS' attitudes - Abstract
Background: The use of quality-adjusted life years rests on the assertion that the objective of the health care system is to improve health. Aim: To elicit the views of expert stakeholders on the purpose and evaluation of supportive end of life care, and explore how different purposes of end of life care imply the need for different evaluative frameworks. Design: Semi-structured qualitative interviews, analysed through an economic lens using a constant comparative approach. Participants: Twenty professionals working in or visiting the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland, with clinical experience and/or working as academics in health-related disciplines. Results: Four purposes of end of life care were identified from and are critiqued with the aid of the qualitative data: to improve health, to enable patients to die in their preferred place, to enable the patient to experience a good death, and to enable the patient to experience a good death, and those who are close to the patient to have an experience which is as free as possible from fear, stress and distress. Conclusion: Managing symptoms and reducing anxiety were considered to be core objectives of end of life care and fit with the wider health service objective of improving/maximising health. A single objective across the entire health system ensures consistency in the way that resource allocation is informed across that entire system. However, the purpose of care at the end of life is more complex, encompassing diverse and patient-centred objectives which we have interpreted as enabling the patient to experience a good death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Timber grading potential of Douglas fir in the Republic of Ireland and the UK.
- Author
-
Gil-Moreno, David, Ridley-Ellis, Dan, and Harte, Annette M.
- Subjects
DOUGLAS fir ,TIMBER ,MODULUS of elasticity - Abstract
Results of the recently approved machine control grading settings for Douglas fir in the Republic of Ireland and the UK have shown that the species can be graded to C18, and higher strength classes, and while there is a relatively high proportion of low strength timber, useful yields of grades up to C35 can be achieved. Large differences were found between subsamples, but it is believed that this is not a geographical difference between Ireland and the UK, but a feature of the representative sampling, and consequence of much more localized variation in timber quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Maps of Family Relationships Drawn by Women Engaged in Bisexual Motherhood: Defining Family Membership.
- Author
-
Tasker, Fiona and Delvoye, Marie
- Subjects
BISEXUAL people ,CURRICULUM planning ,INTERVIEWING ,MOTHERHOOD ,PARENTING ,PSYCHOLOGY of women ,MEMBERSHIP ,FAMILY relations ,THEMATIC analysis ,PARENT attitudes ,SEXUAL orientation identity ,SEXUAL partners ,ATTITUDES toward sex - Abstract
Family building by bisexual mothers is a neglected area of research, yet this is an important aspect of life course development that may reciprocally influence the sexual identity development of bisexual women and family processes around parenting. Family map drawings (genograms) and interview data were collected from eight cisgender women from the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland who spoke about their bisexual parenting experience and family relationships. Thematic narrative analysis indicates that participants depict both heteronormative (traditional) extended kinship networks (radiating out from a family core centering on them and their children) and family of choice network features. Nonetheless certain features appear to be more indirectly presented on some participants’ family maps: namely, complex or marginalized (erased) relationships with additional partners that may sustain sexual identity but contradict both heteronormative and homonormative presentations of family life. Our discussion considers the difficult issues bisexual mothers face in maintaining both their family relationships and a marginalized sexual identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. 'The importance of planning for the future': Burden and unmet needs of caregivers' in advanced heart failure: A mixed methods study.
- Author
-
McIlfatrick, Sonja, Doherty, Leanne C., Murphy, Mary, Dixon, Lana, Donnelly, Patrick, McDonald, Kenneth, and Fitzsimons, Donna
- Subjects
BEREAVEMENT ,CHI-squared test ,MENTAL depression ,HEART failure ,INTERVIEWING ,NEEDS assessment ,REGRESSION analysis ,T-test (Statistics) ,ADVANCE directives (Medical care) ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIAL support ,THEMATIC analysis ,BURDEN of care ,SEVERITY of illness index - Abstract
Background: While studies have evaluated caregiver outcomes in heart failure, the burden and support needs when caring for someone with advanced heart failure at the end of life have yet to be outlined. Aim: To identify psychosocial factors associated with caregiver burden and evaluate the support needs of caregivers in advanced heart failure. Design: A sequential mixed methods study comprising two phases: (1) postal survey with advanced heart failure patients and their caregivers and (2) interviews with current and bereaved caregivers. Correlation, chi-square, t test, regression and thematic analysis were undertaken on the data. Participants: Advanced heart failure patients (n = 112) and their caregivers (n = 84) were recruited from secondary care settings across the United Kingdom and Ireland. For phase 2 interviews, current caregivers (n = 20) were purposively recruited from phase 1, and bereaved caregivers (n = 10) were purposively recruited via voluntary organisation, social media and email. Results: More than half the caregivers (53%) had levels of distress associated with depression (Zarit Burden score >24). Caregiver depression score, preparedness for caregiving and patients' depression score predicted caregiver burden. Qualitative analysis identified an overarching theme of lack of future care planning and four subthemes: (1) seeking emotional support from someone who understands, (2) want information on prognostication, (3) lack of knowledge on how to and where to get support and (4) require knowledge on what to expect at the end of life. Conclusion: Caregivers have unmet needs and feel unprepared for the future. Implementation of future care planning by clinical teams should address patient and caregiver support needs and in turn alleviate caregiver burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Costs of formal and informal care in the last year of life for patients in receipt of specialist palliative care.
- Author
-
Brick, Aoife, Smith, Samantha, Normand, Charles, O'Hara, Sinéad, Droog, Elsa, Tyrrell, Ella, Cunningham, Nathan, and Johnston, Bridget
- Subjects
HOSPITALS & economics ,ACTIVITIES of daily living ,ANALYSIS of variance ,COST effectiveness ,ETHICS ,MEDICAL care costs ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists ,GENERAL practitioners ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,TERMINALLY ill ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,HUMAN research subjects ,PATIENT selection ,DATA analysis software ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Background: Economic evaluation of palliative care has been slow to develop and the evidence base remains small. Aim: This article estimates formal and informal care costs in the last year of life for a sample of patients who received specialist palliative care in three different areas in Ireland. Design: Formal care costs are calculated for community, specialist palliative care, acute hospital and other services. Where possible, a bottom-up approach is used, multiplying service utilisation by unit cost. Informal care is valued at the replacement cost of care. Setting/participants: Data on utilisation were collected during 215 'after death' telephone interviews with a person centrally involved in the care in the last year of life of decedents who received specialist palliative care in three areas in Ireland with varying levels of specialist palliative care. Results: Mean total formal and informal costs in the last year of life do not vary significantly across the three areas. The components of formal costs, however, do vary across areas, particularly for hospital and specialist palliative care in the last 3 months of life. Conclusion: Costs in the last year of life for patients in receipt of specialist palliative care are considerable. Where inpatient hospice care is available, there are potential savings in hospital costs to offset specialist palliative care inpatient costs. Informal care accounts for a high proportion of costs during the last year of life in each area, underlining the important role of informal caregivers in palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Grievances and the Genesis of Rebellion.
- Author
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Hechter, Michael, Pfaff, Steven, and Underwood, Patrick
- Subjects
MUTINY ,NAVAL history ,HISTORY of collective action ,HISTORY of social movements ,EIGHTEENTH century ,NINETEENTH century ,HISTORY ,MILITARY service ,COLLECTIVE bargaining ,COMMUNICATION ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,LEADERSHIP ,PRACTICAL politics ,PUNISHMENT ,SHIPS ,SOCIOLOGY ,MILITARY personnel ,LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
Rebellious collective action is rare, but it can occur when subordinates are severely discontented and other circumstances are favorable. The possibility of rebellion is a check—sometimes the only check—on authoritarian rule. Although mutinies in which crews seized control of their vessels were rare events, they occurred throughout the Age of Sail. To explain the occurrence of this form of high-risk collective action, this article holds that shipboard grievances were the principal cause of mutiny. However, not all grievances are equal in this respect. We distinguish between structural grievances that flow from incumbency in a subordinate social position and incidental grievances that incumbents have no expectation of suffering. Based on a case-control analysis of incidents of mutiny compared with controls drawn from a unique database of Royal Navy voyages from 1740 to 1820, in addition to a wealth of qualitative evidence, we find that mutiny was most likely to occur when structural grievances were combined with incidental ones. This finding has implications for understanding the causes of rebellion and the attainment of legitimate social order more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Pleasure Culture of War in Independent Ireland, 1922–1945.
- Author
-
O’Connor, Steven
- Subjects
IRISH history -- 1922- ,POPULAR culture ,IRISH civilization ,RECRUITING & enlistment (Armed Forces) ,ADVENTURE & adventurers ,WAR & society ,BRITISH military ,WORLD War II ,TWENTIETH century ,HISTORY ,ENGLISH civilization - Abstract
Most studies of Irish recruitment to the British forces during the Second World War have identified a desire for adventure as one of the principal motives. While this motive has existed throughout history, this article argues that its prominence among Irish recruits was due to the image of war that was diffused in independent Ireland. The interwar market for children’s literature and cinema was dominated by British boys’ weeklies and war films, which portrayed British soldiers as glamorous heroes participating in wars that were exciting and just. For some Irish youths this influenced their perception of British military service. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Eating and ageing: A comparison over time of Italy, Ireland, the United Kingdom and France.
- Author
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Healy, Amy Erbe
- Subjects
DIET ,AGING - Abstract
This research analysed household budget survey data from Ireland, the United Kingdom, France and Italy from 1985/1987 to 2004/2005 to determine how age groups differ in terms of food-related practices, how these patterns are changing and to see if these patterns differ across countries. Descriptive analysis and fractional multinomial logistic regression were used. Food practices seem to be changing over time across all age cohorts in Ireland and the United Kingdom; older people have different food practices now than they would have had a few decades ago. However, in Italy and France, food-related practices seem to be related to age and life course with older people eating out less as they age than they did when they were younger. If these trends continue, older people will continue to prepare their own meals to a greater extent in Italy and France in the future with the retention of home preparation skills, while the home preparation of food will continue to decline in Ireland and the United Kingdom. These trends have implications for the health and well-being of older people in those countries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Public service employment restructuring in the crisis in the UK and Ireland: Social partnership in retreat.
- Author
-
Bach, Stephen and Stroleny, Alexandra
- Subjects
PUBLIC service employment ,FINANCIAL crises ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,LABOR unions ,AUSTERITY - Abstract
The crisis has had major consequences for public service employment relations in the liberal market economies of the UK and Ireland. However, variations in the process of fiscal consolidation reflect different legacies of social partnership, prior patterns of public management reform and different relationships to the eurozone. The measures adopted nevertheless reflect a similar concern to decrease public sector employment, worsen pay and conditions and increase work effort. Despite the deterioration of terms and conditions of employment, industrial action has been muted, reflecting the severe weakness of trade unions. Both cases illustrate that governments have become less concerned to gain trade union support to push through austerity measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. What lies beneath: Thinking about the qualities and essences of stone and wood in the chambered tomb architecture of Neolithic Britain and Ireland.
- Author
-
Cummings, Vicki
- Subjects
TOMBS ,STONE ,MILITARISM ,ONTOLOGY ,MONUMENTS - Abstract
This article considers the interpretation of stone and wood in Neolithic chambered tomb architecture in Britain and Ireland. Against a broader theoretical agenda of both relational materialities and animistic ontologies, it is argued that the qualities and essences of stones dictated their choice and use in monuments. Essentially, it was the hidden natures of stones which gave them meaning, and as archaeologists we can explore this through understanding lithic sourcing, quarrying techniques and the movements of stones, as well as their final resting place within monuments. These ideas are explored through the life history of one monument, that of Blasthill in Kintyre. These ideas are then expanded out to include wood and provide a critique of the wood–stone dichotomy prevalent in current interpretations of Neolithic monumentality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Quasi-Federalism and the Administration of Equality and Human Rights: Recent Developments and Future Prospects – A Preliminary Analysis from the UK's Devolution Programme.
- Author
-
Chaney, Paul
- Subjects
FEDERAL government ,HUMAN rights ,DECENTRALIZATION in government - Abstract
Following the UK's move to quasi-federalism in the 1990s, the Parliament and Assemblies in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland gained powers over the promotion of equality of opportunity in the exercise of devolved functions. Constitutional law also placed human rights obligations on the regional administrations. Analysis reveals that the first years of devolution have seen a rapid growth and territorialization of regulatory bodies, such as commissioners, inspectorates, ombudsmen – whose remit includes these cross-cutting issues. Given the rise of distinctive sub-state ‘equalities infrastructures’ in the devolved nations, a key question is whether the dynamics of self-reinforcing feedback processes predicted by historical institutionalism offer the potential for more effective equality and human rights practice at the meso-level. While the discussion reveals a significant increase in the state's capacity to monitor and regulate, examples of innovation and policy transfer – and a cautious, yet generally positive, assessment by policy actors – a number of issues and shortcomings are also identified. These include limited government oversight and a lack of inter-agency coordination. Overall, the emerging evidence suggests that, from a functional institutionalist perspective, devolution has made advances in embedding the regulation of equality and human rights in the regional state; however, historical institutionalism indicates that, while devolution may be viewed as a ‘critical juncture’, notions of ‘path dependency’ towards more effective equalities practice are, as yet, unfounded and significant challenges remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Irish Landed Class and the British Army, 1850-1950.
- Author
-
Perry, Nicholas
- Subjects
GENTRY ,LANDOWNERS ,IRISH military history ,MILITARY officers ,WORLD War II ,WORLD War I - Abstract
The Irish landed class in the late nineteenth and first half of the twentieth centuries played a very prominent role in the officer corps of all three British armed services, particularly the army. There exists, however, no systematic examination of the background of these officers or the scale of the Irish gentry’s military involvement during what was a politically turbulent period in Ireland. This article, based on an analysis of over 1000 Irish landed families, looks at the number of men from these families commissioned between 1850 and 1950; where they came from, socially and geographically; the regiments they joined; and the impact on them of the two world wars. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The migrant worker factor in labour market policy reform.
- Author
-
Devitt, Camilla
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT policy -- Social aspects ,VOCATIONAL education ,EDUCATION & society - Abstract
Research on labour market policy reform in Western Europe has given insufficient attention to the ‘migrant worker factor’. Concerns about reduced availability of migrant workers, as well as more traditional concerns regarding labour market competition and socio-cultural integration, can catalyze a shift in labour market policy. I present recent cases of reform in the vocational education and training arena in Ireland and the UK, which were partly stimulated by these concerns. It appears that the ‘migrant worker factor’ contributes to labour market policy reforms which increase the role of the state in the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Current management of popliteal fossa incompetent superficial venous systems.
- Author
-
Kambal, A., Bicknell, C., Najem, M., Renton, S., and Hussain, S. T.
- Subjects
VARICOSE veins ,POPLITEAL fossa ,VEIN diseases ,CARDIOVASCULAR system ,SURGEONS - Abstract
Objectives: Controversy exists regarding the management of varicose veins at the level of the popliteal fossa. This questionnaire reviews the current practice of vascular surgeons. Methods: A postal questionnaire was sent to 440 consultant surgeon members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Recipients were asked to indicate their current practice of investigation and management of small saphenous (SSV), gastrocnemius and Giacomini varicosities. Results: We have received 296 (67%) responses to the questionnaire. Duplex scanning is utilized by 275 (93%) for the initial assessment of patients. Preoperatively, 188 (64%) reuse duplex scanning to mark the saphenopopliteal junction (SPJ) site, 53 (18%) mark with handheld Doppler only and 24 (8%) do not mark the SPJ. At operation, 198 (67%) flush ligate the SPJ and 87 (29%) tie the SSV 2–3 cm from the junction. A total of 101 (34%) usually strip the SSV to various levels. In symptomatic patients, 158 (53%) ligate the SPJ when an incompetent segment of SSV with a competent SPJ exists. One hundred and sixty-nine (57%) disconnect incompetent gastrocnemius veins during SPJ surgery and 172 (58%) regularly look for the Giacomini vein. Routine follow-up after surgery is practised by 172 (58%), most commonly at six weeks. This is mostly (88%) by clinical examination, with 14 (8.1%) using duplex scanning and six (4.7%) using a nurse-run clinic for the follow-up. Conclusions: This review suggests marked variation in the management of popliteal fossa venous incompetence. There is a clear need for further research to clarify the role of ablation in the management of symptoms and skin changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Testing the Decline of Parliament Thesis: Ireland, 1923–2002.
- Author
-
Elgie, Robert and Stapleton, John
- Subjects
LEGISLATIVE bodies ,POLITICAL science education ,PRIME ministers - Abstract
There is a long-standing argument that in Westminster-style systems parliaments are in decline. The frequency with which the head of government intervenes in parliament is one indicator of this supposed decline. Studies conducted in Britain and Canada show that the frequency of prime ministerial interventions has declined over time, suggesting that the decline of parliament thesis holds true in this regard at least. This article examines the Irish case and shows that the situation is different. As in Britain and Canada, there has been a decline in particular forms of activity. However, the overall level has increased over time. These findings suggest that in the Irish case at least and on the basis of this one indicator the decline of parliament thesis does not hold true. Moreover, when we contextualise the findings, particularly on the basis of a qualitative analysis of the changing nature of the presentation of the Order of Business over the last 30 years, we find that the decline of parliament thesis is weakened further. Thus, this article suggests that the decline of parliament thesis is not applicable to all examples of Westminster-style parliamentary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Making mLearning Work: Utilizing Mobile Technology for Active Exploration, Collaboration, Assessment, and Reflection in Higher Education.
- Author
-
Fisher, Mercedes and Baird, Derek E.
- Subjects
MOBILE learning ,EFFECTIVE teaching ,HIGHER education ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,ACTIVE learning ,DIRECT instruction - Abstract
The convergence of mobile technologies into student-centered learning environments requires academic institutions to design new and more effective learning, teaching, and user experience strategies. In this article we share results from an mLearning design experiment and analysis from a student survey conducted at the National College of Ireland. Quantitative data support our hypothesis that mLearning technologies can provide a platform for active learning, collaboration, and innovation in higher education. In addition, we review mobile interface and user-experience design considerations, and mLearning theory. Finally, we provide an overview of mLearning applications being developed in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Ireland including, Virtual Graffiti, BuddyBuzz, Flickr, and RAMBLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. ABUSE, INTIMIDATION AND VIOLENCE AS ASPECTS OF MANAGERIAL CONTROL IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER IN BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
- Author
-
Kelly, Seamus and Waddington, Ivan
- Subjects
SOCCER managers ,SOCCER team management ,SOCCER players ,PERSONNEL management ,THREAT (Psychology) ,ABUSIVE behavior ,VIOLENCE - Abstract
Using semi-structured tape-recorded interviews, this study focuses on the ways in which managers maintain control over players in professional soccer clubs. More specifically, the article focuses on the ways in which disciplinary codes are established by managers and the sanctions that are imposed on players for breaches of club discipline. The findings highlight the arbitrary character of these codes and the central part played by intimidation and abuse, both verbal and physical, as aspects of managerial control within clubs. We argue that these techniques of managerial control reflect the origins of professional soccer in late Victorian England, when professional players were the equivalent of industrial workers and, like industrial workers, were seen as requiring authoritarian regulation and control. This pattern of management has persisted in professional soccer long after it has been superseded in industrial relations more generally because, while many aspects of the management of soccer clubs have involved increasing professionalization and bureaucratization, the role of the manager has proved remarkably resistant to these processes. The authority of the team manager continues to be based on traditional forms of authoritarianism and this allows managers an unusually high degree of autonomy in defining their own role, while placing relatively few constraints on their authority in relation to players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Exploring Consensus in Practice with Youth Who Are Sexually Abusive: Findings from a Delphi Study of Practitioner Views in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.
- Author
-
Hackett, Simon, Masson, Helen, and Phillips, Sarah
- Subjects
SEX offenders ,YOUTH ,SEX crimes ,BEHAVIOR ,SEX customs ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,SURVEYS - Abstract
This article presents the findings of a study exploring current levels of consensus among practitioners in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Republic of Ireland (ROl) about good practice in relation to youth who are sexually abusive. A three-stage Delphi procedure was used to survey the views of 78 practitioners, experienced in this field, on a range of matters relating to preferred responses to this population. The exercise indicated high levels of agreement that youth who are sexually abusive should be seen as a group clinically distinct from adult sex offenders and that all of their developmental needs, and their problematic behavior, should be targeted in intervention. A strong level of consensus was found among respondents about the goals and content of ideal practice with this user group, although there was less consensus about the theoretical models that should underpin practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. When policy communities intersect: The case of agriculture and banking.
- Author
-
Grant, Wyn and MacNamara, Anne
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL policy ,AGRICULTURAL credit - Abstract
Presents a research note that explores the mechanisms involved in joint venture formation by a policy community using the example of agricultural credit in Britain and the Republic of Ireland. Addressing the question of what happens when two well established policy communities find that they have a joint issue domain.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Becoming problematic: Breakdown of a hegemonic conception...
- Author
-
Lustick, Ian
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Explains the qualitative shift in the institutionalization of Ireland's inclusion within the British state, thereby illustrating how discontinuous aspects of state expansion and contraction can be analyzed. Ideological hegemony and morphology of states; Kinds of processes that distinguish the study of border change; The Defeat of Ireland's repeal in 1844; Defeat of Ireland's home rule in 1886; Conclusions.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The Blueshirts and the 'Economic War': A Study of Ireland in the Context of Dependency Theory.
- Author
-
Orridge, Andrew W.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,DEPENDENCY (Imperialism) ,IRISH economy ,IRISH politics & government, 1922- ,POLITICAL autonomy ,ECONOMIC policy ,IMPERIALISM - Abstract
The article assesses the accuracy of certain propositions derived from dependency theory as descriptions of the Irish experience since independence in 1922. Particular attention is paid to the 1930s, when there was a lengthy financial dispute between Ireland and the United Kingdom which brought the economic links between the two countries under greater strain than before or since. The conclusions are that dependency theory does enable the analyst to locate the major sources of domestic opposition to such disputes—the interests most closely lied to the metropolis—and this does cast new light on Irish political divisions in the first decades of independence. But the theory is both ambiguous and unhelpful in analysing the origins of dependency, the limits on the action and power of the groupings in the satellite country, and the possibilities of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. On Providence, Potatoes, and Peel.
- Author
-
McLean, Iain and Bustani, Camilla
- Subjects
GREAT Famine, Ireland, 1845-1852 ,CORN laws (Great Britain) ,EVANGELICALISM -- History - Abstract
Comments on Boyd Hilton's analysis of the article written by Iain Mclean and Camilla Bustani concerning Peel's House of Commons speech of February 16, 1846. Indirect reference to Ireland and the impending famine during the period; Evangelical discourses at war during the period; Support for the Repeal of the Corn Laws.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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