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The aim was to investigate associations between health locus of control (HLC) and all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), cancer and other cause mortality. A public health postal questionnaire was distributed in the autumn of 2008 to a stratified random sample of the 18-80 year old adult population in Scania in southernmost Sweden. The participation rate was 54.1%, and 25,517 participants were included in the present study. Baseline 2008 survey data was linked to cause of death register data to create a prospective cohort with 8.3-year follow-up. Associations between health locus of control and mortality were investigated in survival (Cox) regression models. Prevalence of internal HLC was 69.0% and external HLC 31.0% among women. Internal HLC was 67.6% and external HLC 32.4% among men. In the models with women and men combined, external HLC had significantly higher all-cause, CVD, cancer and other cause mortality even after adjustments for sociodemographic factors and chronic disease at baseline, but after the introduction of health-related behaviors, external HLC only displayed higher cancer mortality compared to internal HLC. External HLC displayed higher all-cause, cancer and other cause mortality for men in the final model adjusted for health-related behaviors, but not for women. Other pathways than health-related behaviors may exist for the association between external HLC and cancer mortality, particularly among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the association of physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortalities among older adults. Methods: A study sample consisting of 77,541 community-dwelling Taipei citizens aged ≥ 65 years was selected based on data obtained from the government-sponsored Annual Geriatric Health Examination Program between 2006 and 2010. Subjects were asked how many times they had physical activity for ≥ 30 min during the past 6 months. Mortality was determined by matching cohort identifications with national death files. Results: Compared to subjects with no physical activity, those who had 1–2 times of physical activity per week had a decreased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71–0.85). Subjects with 3–5 times of physical activity per week had a further decreased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.58–0.70). An inverse dose–response relationship was observed between physical activity and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. According to stratified analyses, physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of mortality in most subgroups. Conclusions: Physical activity had an inverse association with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among older adults. Furthermore, most elderly people can benefit from an active lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]