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Graph eigenvalues are examples of totally real algebraic integers, i.e. roots of real-rooted monic polynomials with integer coefficients. Conversely, the fact that every totally real algebraic integer occurs as an eigenvalue of some finite graph is a deep and remarkable result, conjectured forty years ago by Hoffman, and proved seventeen years later by Estes. This short paper provides an independent and elementary proof of a stronger statement, namely that the graph may actually be chosen to be a tree. As a by-product, our result implies that the atoms of the limiting spectrum of n × n symmetric matrices with independent Bernoulli ( c n ) entries are exactly the totally real algebraic integers. This settles an open problem raised by Ben Arous (2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Randić index R of a graph G is defined as the sum of over all edges of G, where denotes the degree of a vertex in G. is the largest eigenvalue of the signless Laplacian matrix of G, where D is the diagonal matrix with degrees of the vertices on the main diagonal and A is the adjacency matrix of G. Hansen and Lucas [18] conjectured (1) and equality holds for and (2) with equality if and only if for and for , respectively. In this paper, we prove the conjecture (1) and obtain a result very close to the conjecture (2). Moreover, we give some results relating harmonic index and the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Let k be a positive integer and let G be a graph of order . It is proved that the sum of k largest eigenvalues of G is at most . This bound is shown to be best possible in the sense that for every k there exist graphs whose sum is . A generalization to arbitrary symmetric matrices is given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]