22 results on '"Smit, Amelia K."'
Search Results
2. A 10-year update to the principles for clinical trial data sharing by pharmaceutical companies: perspectives based on a decade of literature and policies
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Modi, Natansh D., Kichenadasse, Ganessan, Hoffmann, Tammy C., Haseloff, Mark, Logan, Jessica M., Veroniki, Areti A., Venchiarutti, Rebecca L., Smit, Amelia K., Tuffaha, Haitham, Jayasekara, Harindra, Manning-Bennet, Arkady, Morton, Erin, McKinnon, Ross A., Rowland, Andrew, Sorich, Michael J., and Hopkins, Ashley M.
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- 2023
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3. Long-term cost-effectiveness of a melanoma prevention program using genomic risk information compared with standard prevention advice in Australia
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Newson, Ainsley J., Morton, Rachael L., Kimlin, Michael, Keogh, Louise, Law, Matthew, Kirk, Judy, Dobbinson, Suzanne J., Kanetsky, Peter, Mann, Graham, Dawkins, Hugh, Savard, Jacqueline, Dunlop, Kate, Trevena, Lyndal, Jenkins, Mark, Allen, Martin, Butow, Phyllis, Wordsworth, Sarah, Lo, Serigne, Low, Cynthia, Smit, Amelia K., Espinoza, David, Cust, Anne E., Law, Chi Kin, Fernandez-Penas, Pablo, Nieweg, Omgo E., and Menzies, Alexander M.
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- 2023
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4. Impact of personal genomic risk information on melanoma prevention behaviors and psychological outcomes: a randomized controlled trial
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Smit, Amelia K., Allen, Martin, Beswick, Brooke, Butow, Phyllis, Dawkins, Hugh, Dobbinson, Suzanne J., Dunlop, Kate L., Espinoza, David, Fenton, Georgina, Kanetsky, Peter A., Keogh, Louise, Kimlin, Michael G., Kirk, Judy, Law, Matthew H., Lo, Serigne, Low, Cynthia, Mann, Graham J., Reyes-Marcelino, Gillian, Morton, Rachael L., Newson, Ainsley J., Savard, Jacqueline, Trevena, Lyndal, Wordsworth, Sarah, and Cust, Anne E.
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- 2021
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5. A review of skin cancer primary prevention activities in primary care settings.
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Singh, Nehal, Dunlop, Kate L. A., Woolley, Nikki, Vashishtha, Tracey Wills, Damian, Diona L., Vuong, Kylie, Cust, Anne E., and Smit, Amelia K.
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SKIN cancer ,CANCER prevention ,ULTRAVIOLET radiation ,PRIMARY care ,SKIN disease prevention - Abstract
Objectives: Skin cancer is highly preventable through primary prevention activities such as avoiding ultraviolet radiation exposure during peak times and regular use of sun protection. General practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses have key responsibilities in promoting sustained primary prevention behaviour. We aimed to review the evidence on skin cancer primary prevention activities in primary care settings, including evidence on feasibility, effectiveness, barriers and enablers. Study type: Rapid review and narrative synthesis. Methods: We searched published literature from January 2011 to October 2022 in Embase, Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. The search was limited to skin cancer primary prevention activities within primary care settings, for studies or programs conducted in Australia or countries with comparable health systems. Analysis of barriers and enablers was informed by an implementation science framework. Results: A total of 31 peer-reviewed journal articles were included in the review. We identified four main primary prevention activities: education and training programs for GPs; behavioural counselling on prevention; the use of novel risk assessment tools and provision of risk-tailored prevention strategies; and new technologies to support early detection that have accompanying primary prevention advice. Enablers to delivering skin cancer primary prevention in primary care included pairing preventive activities with early detection activities, and access to patient resources and programs that fit with existing workflows and systems. Barriers included unclear requirements for skin cancer prevention counselling, competing demandswithin the consultation and limited access to primary care services, especially in regional and remote areas. Conclusions: These findings highlight potential opportunities for improving skin cancer prevention activities in primary care. Ensuring ease of program delivery, integration with early detection and availability of resources such as risk assessment tools are enablers to encourage and increase uptake of primary prevention behaviours in primary care, for both practitioners and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Precision Public Health Initiatives in Cancer: Proceedings from the Transdisciplinary Conference for Future Leaders in Precision Public Health
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Allen, Caitlin G., Turbitt, Erin, Smit, Amelia K., Passero, Lauren E., Olstad, Dana Lee, Hatch, Ashley, Landry, Latrice, and Roberts, Megan C.
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- 2022
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7. Acceptability of risk-tailored cancer screening among Australian GPs: a qualitative study.
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LA Dunlop, Kate, Smit, Amelia K, Keogh, Louise A, Newson, Ainsley J, Rankin, Nicole M, and Cust, Anne E
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EARLY detection of cancer ,MEDICAL screening ,QUALITATIVE research ,PROFESSIONAL education ,SEMI-structured interviews - Abstract
Background: Cancer screening that is tailored to individual risk has the potential to improve health outcomes and reduce screening-related harms, if implemented well. However, successful implementation depends on acceptability, particularly as this approach will require GPs to change their practice. Aim: To explore Australian GPs' views about the acceptability of risk-tailored screening across cancer types and to identify barriers to and facilitators of implementation. Design and setting: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with Australian GPs. Method: Interviews were carried out with GPs and audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were first analysed inductively then deductively using an implementation framework. Results: Participants (n = 20) found risk-tailored screening to be acceptable in principle, recognising potential benefits in offering enhanced screening to those at highest risk. However, they had significant concerns that changes in screening advice could potentially cause confusion. They also reported that a reduced screening frequency or exclusion from a screening programme for those deemed low risk may not initially be acceptable, especially for common cancers with minimally invasive screening. Other reservations about implementing risk-tailored screening in general practice included a lack of high-quality evidence of benefit, fear of missing the signs or symptoms of a patient's cancer, and inadequate time with patients. While no single preferred approach to professional education was identified, education around communicating screening results and risk stratification was considered important. Conclusion: GPs may not currently be convinced of the net benefits of risk-tailored screening. Development of accessible evidence-based guidelines, professional education, risk calculators, and targeted public messages will increase its feasibility in general practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Advancing precision public health using human genomics: examples from the field and future research opportunities
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Roberts, Megan C., Fohner, Alison E., Landry, Latrice, Olstad, Dana Lee, Smit, Amelia K., Turbitt, Erin, and Allen, Caitlin G.
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- 2021
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9. Can patient-led surveillance detect subsequent new primary or recurrent melanomas and reduce the need for routinely scheduled follow-up? A protocol for the MEL-SELF randomised controlled trial
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Ackermann, Deonna M., Smit, Amelia K., Janda, Monika, van Kemenade, Cathelijne H., Dieng, Mbathio, Morton, Rachael L., Turner, Robin M., Cust, Anne E., Irwig, Les, Hersch, Jolyn K., Guitera, Pascale, Soyer, H. Peter, Mar, Victoria, Saw, Robyn P. M., Low, Donald, Low, Cynthia, Drabarek, Dorothy, Espinoza, David, Emery, Jon, Murchie, Peter, Thompson, John F., Scolyer, Richard A., Azzi, Anthony, Lilleyman, Alister, and Bell, Katy J. L.
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- 2021
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10. Acceptability and appropriateness of a risk-tailored organised melanoma screening program: Qualitative interviews with key informants.
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Dunlop, Kate L. A., Keogh, Louise A., Smith, Andrea L., Aranda, Sanchia, Aitken, Joanne, Watts, Caroline G., Smit, Amelia K., Janda, Monika, Mann, Graham J., Cust, Anne E., and Rankin, Nicole M.
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MEDICAL screening ,MEDICAL personnel ,MELANOMA ,EARLY detection of cancer ,HEALTH equity ,ECOLOGICAL risk assessment - Abstract
Introduction: In Australia, opportunistic screening (occurring as skin checks) for the early detection of melanoma is common, and overdiagnosis is a recognised concern. Risk-tailored cancer screening is an approach to cancer control that aims to provide personalised screening tailored to individual risk. This study aimed to explore the views of key informants in Australia on the acceptability and appropriateness of risk-tailored organised screening for melanoma, and to identify barriers, facilitators and strategies to inform potential future implementation. Acceptability and appropriateness are crucial, as successful implementation will require a change of practice for clinicians and consumers. Methods: This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Key informants were purposively selected to ensure expertise in melanoma early detection and screening, prioritising senior or executive perspectives. Consumers were expert representatives. Data were analysed deductively using the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases (TICD) checklist. Results: Thirty-six participants were interviewed (10 policy makers; 9 consumers; 10 health professionals; 7 researchers). Key informants perceived risk-tailored screening for melanoma to be acceptable and appropriate in principle. Barriers to implementation included lack of trial data, reluctance for low-risk groups to not screen, variable skill level in general practice, differing views on who to conduct screening tests, confusing public health messaging, and competing health costs. Key facilitators included the perceived opportunity to improve health equity and the potential cost-effectiveness of a risk-tailored screening approach. A range of implementation strategies were identified including strengthening the evidence for cost-effectiveness, engaging stakeholders, developing pathways for people at low risk, evaluating different risk assessment criteria and screening delivery models and targeted public messaging. Conclusion: Key informants were supportive in principle of risk-tailored melanoma screening, highlighting important next steps. Considerations around risk assessment, policy and modelling the costs of current verses future approaches will help inform possible future implementation of risk-tailored population screening for melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. Views of the Australian public on the delivery of risk-stratified cancer screening in the population: a qualitative study.
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Dunlop, Kate L. A., Rankin, Nicole M., Smit, Amelia K., Newson, Ainsley J., Keogh, Louise A., and Cust, Anne E.
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CANCER treatment ,PUBLIC health ,DISEASE risk factors ,WELL-being ,QUALITY of life - Abstract
Objective and importance of study: Risk-stratified approaches to cancer screening aim to provide tailored risk advice to individuals, rather than the mostly one-size-fits-all approach designed for the average person that is currently used in Australia. Stratified cancer screening has the potential to increase the benefits and reduce the harms of screening. Initial risk assessment is a crucial first step for screening programs that use risk stratification. We report findings from a qualitative study exploring the views of the Australian public on how to best deliver risk-stratified cancer screening in the population to help inform future implementation. Study type: Qualitative interview study. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with participants from a previous study, half of whom had received personal genomic risk information and half of whom had not. We asked how and where they would like to see risk-stratified screening delivered and how they felt about different health professionals assessing their cancer risk. Data were analysed thematically. Results: Forty interviews were conducted. The age range of participants was 21-68 years; 58% were female. Themes included: 1) Convenience is a priority; 2) General practice is a good fit for some; 3) Web-based technology is part of the process; and 4) "I would want to know why [I was being stratified]". Similar views were expressed by both groups. Our findings suggest that although health professionals were identified as having an important role, there were mixed preferences for delivery by general practitioners, medical specialists or nurses. Participants were less concerned about who undertook the risk assessment than whether the health professional had the appropriate skill set and availability. Clear communication and evidence of the need for change in screening eligibility and frequency were key factors in the successful delivery of risk-stratified screening. Conclusion: We identified that convenience and good communication, including clear explanations to the public with convincing evidence for change, will enable the successful delivery of risk-stratified cancer screening in the population, including organised and opportunistic screening approaches. Health professional education and upskilling across disciplines will be key facilitators. Engagement and further consultation with primary care and other key stakeholders will be central. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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12. Validation of self-reported sun exposure against electronic ultraviolet radiation dosimeters.
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Zhang, Ran, Smit, Amelia K, Espinoza, David, Allen, Martin, Reyes-Marcelino, Gillian, Kimlin, Michael G, Lo, Serigne N, Sharman, Ashleigh R, Law, Matthew H, Kanetsky, Peter A, Mann, Graham J, and Cust, Anne E
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SUNSHINE , *DOSIMETERS , *BLAND-Altman plot , *ULTRAVIOLET radiation , *ULTRAVIOLET radiation measurement , *SOLAR ultraviolet radiation - Abstract
From the dosimeter data we derived: (i) time spent outdoors exposed to UV, defined as any 8-s measurements with UV values of >0; and (ii) total standard erythemal doses (SEDs) as a measure of UV dose. Table 1 Spearman rank correlations between weekend and weekday ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure measured as standard erythemal doses (SEDs) using electronic UV dosimeters HT
. Validation, exposure measurement, ultraviolet radiation, dosimetry, questionnaire, skin cancer Keywords: Validation; exposure measurement; ultraviolet radiation; dosimetry; questionnaire; skin cancer EN Validation exposure measurement ultraviolet radiation dosimetry questionnaire skin cancer 324 328 5 02/16/23 20230201 NES 230201 Ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure is the main risk factor for skin cancer[1] and skin cancer prevention research and health promotion programme evaluation relies on the accurate measurement of sun exposure using questionnaires. [Extracted from the article] - Published
- 2023
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13. Effect of an interactive educational activity using handheld ultraviolet radiation dosimeters on sun protection knowledge among Australian primary school students
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Lee Solano, Marco, Robinson, Samuel, Allen, Martin W., Reyes-Marcelino, Gillian, Espinoza, David, Beswick, Brooke, Tse, Dorothy H.K., Ding, Liyang, Humphreys, Lauren, Van Kemenade, Cathelijne, Dobbinson, Suzanne, Smit, Amelia K., and Cust, Anne E.
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- 2022
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14. Communicating Personal Melanoma Polygenic Risk Information: Participants' Experiences of Genetic Counseling in a Community-Based Study.
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Smit, Amelia K., Espinoza, David, Fenton, Georgina L., Kirk, Judy, Innes, Jessica S., McGovern, Michael, Limb, Sharne, Turbitt, Erin, and Cust, Anne E.
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MONOGENIC & polygenic inheritance (Genetics) , *GENETIC counseling , *HEALTH literacy , *MELANOMA , *TELEPHONE calls - Abstract
Personalized polygenic risk information may be used to guide risk-based melanoma prevention and early detection at a population scale, but research on communicating this information is limited. This mixed-methods study aimed to assess the acceptability of a genetic counselor (GC) phone call in communicating polygenic risk information in the Melanoma Genomics Managing Your Risk randomized controlled trial. Participants (n = 509) received personalized melanoma polygenic risk information, an educational booklet on melanoma prevention, and a GC phone call, which was audio-recorded. Participants completed the Genetic Counseling Satisfaction Survey 1-month after receiving their risk information (n = 346). A subgroup took part in a qualitative interview post-study completion (n = 20). Survey data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS, and thematic analysis of the qualitative data was conducted using NVivo 12.0 software. The survey showed a high level of acceptability for the GC phone call (mean satisfaction score overall: 4.3 out of 5, standard deviation (SD): 0.6) with differences according to gender (mean score for women: 4.4, SD: 0.6 vs. men: 4.2, SD: 0.7; p = 0.005), health literacy (lower literacy: 4.1, SD: 0.8; average: 4.3, SD: 0.6; higher: 4.4, SD: 0.6: p = 0.02) and polygenic risk group (low risk: 4.5, SD: 0.5, SD: average: 4.3, SD: 0.7, high: 4.3, SD: 0.7; p = 0.03). During the GC phone calls, the discussion predominately related to the impact of past sun exposure on personal melanoma risk. Together our findings point to the importance of further exploring educational and support needs and preferences for communicating personalized melanoma risk among population subgroups, including diverse literacy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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15. Motivations and Barriers to Participation in a Randomized Trial on Melanoma Genomic Risk: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.
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Mercado, Gabriela, Newson, Ainsley J., Espinoza, David, Cust, Anne E., and Smit, Amelia K.
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RISK assessment ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,PARTICIPATION ,MELANOMA ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
The evolution of polygenic scores for use in for disease prevention and control compels the development of guidelines to optimize their effectiveness and promote equitable use. Understanding the motivations and barriers to participation in genomics research can assist in drafting these standards. We investigated these in a community-based randomized controlled trial that examined the health behavioral impact of receiving personalized melanoma genomic risk information. We examined participant responses in a baseline questionnaire and conducted interviews post-trial participation. Motivations differed in two ways: (1) by gender, with those identifying as women placing greater importance on learning about their personal risk or familial risk, and how to reduce risk; and (2) by age in relation to learning about personal risk, and fear of developing melanoma. A barrier to participation was distrust in the handling of genomic data. Our findings provide new insights into the motivations for participating in genomics research and highlight the need to better target population subgroups including younger men, which will aid in tailoring recruitment for future genomic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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16. Barriers and Facilitators for Population Genetic Screening in Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review.
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Shen, Emily C., Srinivasan, Swetha, Passero, Lauren E., Allen, Caitlin G., Dixon, Madison, Foss, Kimberly, Halliburton, Brianna, Milko, Laura V., Smit, Amelia K., Carlson, Rebecca, and Roberts, Megan C.
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GENETIC testing ,MEDICAL personnel ,ECOLOGICAL models ,GENETIC disorders - Abstract
Studies suggest that 1-3% of the general population in the United States unknowingly carry a genetic risk factor for a common hereditary disease. Population genetic screening is the process of offering otherwise healthy patients in the general population testing for genomic variants that predispose them to diseases that are clinically actionable, meaning that they can be prevented or mitigated if they are detected early. Population genetic screening may significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from these diseases by informing risk-specific prevention or treatment strategies and facilitating appropriate participation in early detection. To better understand current barriers, facilitators, perceptions, and outcomes related to the implementation of population genetic screening, we conducted a systematic review and searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for articles published from date of database inception to May 2020. We included articles that 1) detailed the perspectives of participants in population genetic screening programs and 2) described the barriers, facilitators, perceptions, and outcomes related to population genetic screening programs among patients, healthcare providers, and the public. We excluded articles that 1) focused on direct-to-consumer or risk-based genetic testing and 2) were published before January 2000. Thirty articles met these criteria. Barriers and facilitators to population genetic screening were organized by the Social Ecological Model and further categorized by themes. We found that research in population genetic screening has focused on stakeholder attitudes with all included studies designed to elucidate individuals' perceptions. Additionally, inadequate knowledge and perceived limited clinical utility presented a barrier for healthcare provider uptake. There were very few studies that conducted long-term follow-up and evaluation of population genetic screening. Our findings suggest that these and other factors, such as prescreen counseling and education, may play a role in the adoption and implementation of population genetic screening. Future studies to investigate macro-level determinants, strategies to increase provider buy-in and knowledge, delivery models for prescreen counseling, and long-term outcomes of population genetic screening are needed for the effective design and implementation of such programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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17. Using a Participatory Approach to Develop Research Priorities for Future Leaders in Cancer-Related Precision Public Health.
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Roberts, Megan C., Mader, June Mullaney, Turbitt, Erin, Smit, Amelia K., Landry, Latrice, Olstad, Dana Lee, Passero, Lauren E., and Allen, Caitlin G.
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PUBLIC health ,CAPACITY building ,PUBLIC health research ,POPULATION health - Abstract
Precision public health is an emerging discipline combining principles and frameworks of precision health with the goal of improving population health. The development of research priorities drawing on the strengths of precision and public health is critical to facilitate the growth of the discipline to improve health outcomes. We held an interactive workshop during a virtual conference bringing together early-career researchers across public health disciplines to identify research priorities in precision public health. The workshop participants discussed and voted to identify three priority areas for future research and capacity building including 1) enhancing equity and access to precision public health research and resources, 2) improving tools and metrics for evaluation and 3) applying principles of implementation science to support sustainable practices. Participants also developed future objectives for achieving each priority. Future efforts by working groups will continue the process of identifying, revising, and advancing critical research priorities to grow the impact of precision public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. Independent evaluation of melanoma polygenic risk scores in UK and Australian prospective cohorts*.
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Steinberg, Julia, Iles, Mark M., Lee, Jin Yee, Wang, Xiaochuan, Law, Matthew H., Smit, Amelia K., Nguyen‐Dumont, Tu, Giles, Graham G., Southey, Melissa C., Milne, Roger L., Mann, Graham J., Bishop, D. Timothy, MacInnis, Robert J., and Cust, Anne E.
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DISEASE risk factors ,MONOGENIC & polygenic inheritance (Genetics) ,MELANOMA ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,AGE groups ,CONFIDENCE intervals - Abstract
Summary: Background: Previous studies suggest that polygenic risk scores (PRSs) may improve melanoma risk stratification. However, there has been limited independent validation of PRS‐based risk prediction, particularly assessment of calibration (comparing predicted to observed risks). Objectives: To evaluate PRS‐based melanoma risk prediction in prospective UK and Australian cohorts with European ancestry. Methods: We analysed invasive melanoma incidence in the UK Biobank (UKB; n = 395 647, 1651 cases) and a case‐cohort nested within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS, Australia; n = 4765, 303 cases). Three PRSs were evaluated: 68 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 54 loci from a 2020 meta‐analysis (PRS68), 50 SNPs significant in the 2020 meta‐analysis excluding UKB (PRS50) and 45 SNPs at 21 loci known in 2018 (PRS45). Ten‐year melanoma risks were calculated from population‐level cancer registry data by age group and sex, with and without PRS adjustment. Results: Predicted absolute melanoma risks based on age and sex alone underestimated melanoma incidence in the UKB [ratio of expected/observed cases: E/O = 0·65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·62–0·68] and MCCS (E/O = 0·63, 95% CI 0·56–0·72). For UKB, calibration was improved by PRS adjustment, with PRS50‐adjusted risks E/O = 0·91, 95% CI 0·87–0·95. The discriminative ability for PRS68‐ and PRS50‐adjusted absolute risks was higher than for risks based on age and sex alone (Δ area under the curve 0·07–0·10, P < 0·0001), and higher than for PRS45‐adjusted risks (Δ area under the curve 0·02–0·04, P < 0·001). Conclusions: A PRS derived from a larger, more diverse meta‐analysis improves risk prediction compared with an earlier PRS, and might help tailor melanoma prevention and early detection strategies to different risk levels. Recalibration of absolute risks may be necessary for application to specific populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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19. Knowledge, views and expectations for cancer polygenic risk testing in clinical practice: A cross‐sectional survey of health professionals.
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Smit, Amelia K., Sharman, Ashleigh R., Espinoza, David, Wallingford, Courtney, Young, Mary‐Anne, Dunlop, Kate, Tiller, Jane, Newson, Ainsley J., Meiser, Bettina, Cust, Anne E., and Yanes, Tatiane
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MEDICAL personnel , *DISEASE risk factors , *HEALTH surveys , *GENERAL practitioners , *QUESTIONNAIRES - Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are becoming increasingly available in clinical practice to evaluate cancer risk. However, little is known about health professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and expectations of PRS. An online questionnaire was distributed by relevant health professional organisations predominately in Australia, Canada and the US to evaluate health professionals' knowledge, views and expectations of PRS. Eligible participants were health professionals who provide cancer risk assessments. Results from the questionnaire were analysed descriptively and content analysis was undertaken of free‐text responses. In total, 105 health professionals completed the questionnaire (genetic counsellors 84%; oncologists 6%; clinical geneticists 4%; other 7%). Although responses differed between countries, most participants (61%) had discussed PRS with patients, 20% had ordered a test and 14% had returned test results to a patient. Confidence and knowledge around interpreting PRS were low. Although 69% reported that polygenic testing will certainly or likely influence patient care in the future, most felt unprepared for this. If scaled up to the population, 49% expect that general practitioners would have a primary role in the provision of PRS, supported by genetic health professionals. These findings will inform the development of resources to support health professionals offering polygenic testing, currently and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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20. Acceptability of risk‐stratified population screening across cancer types: Qualitative interviews with the Australian public.
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Dunlop, Kate, Rankin, Nicole M., Smit, Amelia K., Salgado, Zofia, Newson, Ainsley J., Keogh, Louise, and Cust, Anne E.
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PUBLIC health surveillance ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,TUMORS - Abstract
Background: There is mounting evidence of the benefit of risk‐stratified (risk‐tailored) cancer population screening, when compared to standard approaches. However, shifting towards this approach involves changes to practice that may give rise to implementation challenges. Objectives: To explore the public's potential acceptance of risk‐stratified screening across different cancer types, including reducing screening frequency if at low risk and the use of personal risk information, to inform implementation strategies. Method: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 40 public participants; half had received personal genomic risk information and half had not. Participants were prompted to consider different cancers. Data were analysed thematically as one dataset. Results: Themes included the following: (a) a sense of security; (b) tailored screening is common sense; (c) risk and the need to take action; (d) not every cancer is the same; and (e) trust and belief in health messages. Both groups expressed similar views. Participants were broadly supportive of risk‐stratified screening across different cancer types, with strong support for increased screening frequency for high‐risk groups. They were less supportive of reduced screening frequency or no screening for low‐risk groups. Findings suggest the public will be amenable to reducing screening when the test is invasive and uncomfortable; be less opposed to forgo screening if offered the opportunity to screen at some stage; and view visible cancers such as melanoma differently. Conclusions: Approaching distinct cancer types differently, tailoring messages for different audiences and understanding reasons for participating in screening may assist with designing future implementation strategies for risk‐stratified cancer screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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21. Patient demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with sun protection behaviours in specialist melanoma clinics.
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Smith, Juliet, Espinoza, David, Smit, Amelia K., Gallo, Bruna, Smith, Andrea L., Lo, Serigne N., Guitera, Pascale, Martin, Linda K., and Cust, Anne E.
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Objective Methods Results Conclusions We investigated the association between sun protection behaviours and demographic and melanoma risk characteristics of patients attending Australian melanoma specialist clinics. This may assist in targeting and tailoring melanoma prevention patient education for people at high‐risk and specific population subgroups.A cross‐sectional analysis of questionnaire data collected from participants attending the dermatology clinics at two major melanoma centres in Sydney, Australia between February 2021 and September 2023. The primary outcome was Sun Protection Habits (SPH) index (a summary score measured as habitual past month use of sunscreen, hats, sunglasses, a shirt with sleeves that covers the shoulders, limiting midday sun exposure and seeking shade, using a Likert scale). The primary analysis considered the SPH index and its component items scored as continuous.Data from 883 people were analysed. Factors associated with less frequent sun protection behaviours overall included male gender, no personal history of melanoma, lower perceived risk, lower calculated 10‐year risk of developing melanoma, and no private health insurance. People aged >61 years reported lower use of sunscreen but higher use of hats and sleeved‐shirts compared with people in the younger age group. There was no difference in overall sun protection behaviours according to family history of melanoma, country of birth or by lifetime melanoma risk among people without a personal history of melanoma.These findings highlight the potential for targeting high‐risk individuals with less frequent use of sun protection for patient education, public health messaging and ultimately improving sun protection behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Thank you to Reviewers 2021.
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AFRIKANERS ,ARMENIANS ,BOTANY ,PRESENCE of God ,FEXOFENADINE - Published
- 2023
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