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Platycodon grandiflorum is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in China, containing saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, volatile oils, polysaccharides, and other active ingredients. It has the effects of regulating immunity, anti‐inflammatory, expectorant, lowering blood lipids, antioxidation, etc., and can be used to treat symptoms such as cough, sore throat, lung pain, and expectoration. Polysaccharides are one of the important bioactive substances in P. grandiflorum, which have better anti‐tumor and enhancing immune activity, and are widely used in medicine, health food, and other fields. P. grandiflorum polysaccharide (PGP) has various biological activities and is the main component and key bioactive substance of P. grandiflorum. It has various biological effects, including immune regulation, antioxidant, anti‐tumor, liver protection, hypoglycemic, and gastrointestinal protection. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the extraction, separation and purification, structural characteristics, and biological activity of P. grandiflorum polysaccharides in recent years both domestically and internationally, to provide the theoretical basis for improving the utilization of P. grandiflorum polysaccharides and further studying the structure–activity relationship of P. grandiflorum polysaccharides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water-soluble polysaccharide (GLP-2) was isolated and purified from Ganoderma lucidum by the microwave-assisted freeze-thaw method. Microwave-assisted rapid thawing treatment can greatly improve the extraction yield of polysaccharides. The chemical structure of GLP-2 was analyzed with FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, and NMR spectrometry. It was proved that GLP-2 is mainly composed of β-1,3-glucose and β-1,6-glucose. The chain conformation of GLP-2 was analyzed by SEC-MALLS-RI, indicating that GLP-2 adopts semi-rigid chain conformation. Its molecular weight is 16.7 × 104, and its molecular size is about 61.2 nm. MTT assay indicated that GLP-2 was non-toxic to RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. The results of anti-inflammatory studies showed that GLP-2 can inhibit the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophage stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The above data showed that the extraction method used in this study can obtain a high-yield polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity.