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Nonlinear phononic materials enable superior wave responses by combining nonlinearity with their inherent periodicity, creating opportunities for the development of novel acoustic devices. However, the field has largely focused on reversible nonlinearities, whereas the role of hysteretic nonlinearity remains unexplored. In this work, we investigate nonlinear shear wave responses arising from the hysteretic nonlinearity of frictional rough contacts, and harness these responses to enable programmable functions. By using a numerical approach, we solve the strongly nonlinear problem of shear wave propagation through a single contact and a periodic array of contacts, accounting for frictional effects. Specifically, the Jenkin friction model with experimentally obtained properties is used to capture the effects of stick-slip transition at the contacts. Results show that friction gives rise to shear-polarized eigenstrains, which are residual static deformations within the system. We then demonstrate how eigenstrain generation in multiple contacts can enable programmable functionalities such as an acoustically controlled mechanical switch, precision position control, and surface reconfigurability. Overall, our findings open new avenues for designing smart materials and devices with advanced functionalities via acoustic waves using the hysteretic nonlinearity of frictional contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changeable nature of renewable sources creates difficulties in system security and stability. Therefore, it is necessary to study system risk in several power system scenarios. In a wind-integrated deregulated power network, the wind farm needs to submit the bid for its power-generating quantities a minimum of one day ahead of the operation. The wind farm submits the data based on the expected wind speed (EWS). If any mismatch occurs between real wind speed (RWS) and expected wind speed, ISO enforces the penalty/rewards to the wind farm. In a single word, this is called the power market imbalance cost, which directly distresses the system profit. Here, solar PV and battery energy storage systems are used along by the wind farm to exploit system profit by grasping the negative outcome of imbalance cost. Along with system profit, the focus has also been on system risk. The system risk has been calculated using the risk assessment factors, i.e., Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Cumulative Value-at-risk (CVaR). The work is performed on a modified IEEE 14 and modified IEEE 30 bus test system. The solar PV-battery storage system can supply the demand locally first, and then the remaining power is given to the electrical grid. By using this concept, the system risk can be minimized by the incorporation of solar PV and battery storage systems, which have been studied in this work. A comparative study has been performed using three dissimilar optimization methods, i.e., Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer Algorithm (AGTO), Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC), and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) to examine the consequence of the presented technique. The AGTO has been used for the first time in the risk assessment and alleviation problem, which is the distinctiveness of this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of safe water prevents 42 percent of the world's population from accessing sanitation. In 2021, the WHO estimated that there would be 784 million people without access to safe drinking water. With a well-planned system, the group aims to cut the number of people in need of drinkable water by half by 2015. These methods improve saltwater, which makes up 97 percent of the world's water. In this regard, a model that simulates the work of groundwater treatment firms using natural resources and renewable energy has been developed. There was a lack of continuous wind energy throughout most of Oman, where this model was put, and the necessity for a reverse osmosis system for constant maintenance because these projects rely on renewable energy everywhere. This article aims to create an autonomous desalination plant powered by solar and wind energy. A simulator model based on renewable energy groundwater purification systems was created for this aim. To treat subterranean water in distant areas of Oman using two renewable technologies to create enough electricity to run the reverse water purification and water purification system at the lowest cost. A turbine mounted vertically with a height of 1.5 meters and a diameter of 1 meter will produce 2304 liters per day and 800000 liters per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phononic materials are periodically arranged building blocks in the form of material properties, geometries, and/or boundary conditions. This synthetic architecture makes phononic materials capable of manipulating mechanical waves that have potential applications across multiple disciplines of physics and engineering. Initial studies have been focused on linear phononic materials that assume small-amplitude waves. The incorporation of nonlinearity, however, has been shown to open opportunities for a new realm of dynamic responses valid beyond the small-amplitude regime. Acknowledging this potential, research in the field has undergone a paradigm shift in the last decade or so by exploiting various sources of nonlinearities within phononic materials. A comprehensive overview of the origin of nonlinearities and how they are modeled, solved, and realized in phononic materials, and specifically, what role nonlinearity plays in enabling rich nonlinear wave responses, is crucial for the future advancement of the field. In this review, we discuss recent advances in nonlinear wave propagation in phononic materials and metamaterials by drawing links between different phononic media and their nonlinearity-induced behaviors. We first briefly discuss the analytical methods employed to solve nonlinear wave propagation problems by focusing on foundational models. We then review physics-based sources of nonlinearities, primarily, material, geometric, and contact nonlinearities and elucidate nonlinear wave responses enabled by them in phononic materials and metamaterials. Finally, we outline existing challenges and possible future directions in nonlinear phononics and metamaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we have focused on the concept of junction-free transistor to propose and simulate the ultrathin dielectric modulated (DM) bulk-planar junctionless field-effect transistor (BP-JLFET) as a biosensor device. The proposed device is incorporated with a label-free detection of neutral (proteins, enzymes, streptavidin, and APTES) and charged [deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)] biomolecules in terms of dielectric constant (K) and charge densities (ρ). For the detection of the biomolecules, the nanocavity is formed by etching out the oxide underneath the gate dielectric at source end. The presence/absence of biomolecules has been detected by the factor of sensitivity with the immobilization of dielectric constant (K) and the charge density (ρ) in the formed nanocavity. Moreover, the comparative study of the BP-JLFET, the dielectric-modulated tunnel field-effect transistor (DM-TFET), and the conventional dielectric-modulated field-effect transistor (DM-FET)-based biosensor in terms of their drain current (Ids) and the sensitivity have been carried out. From the study, it can be depicted that the BP-JLFET has higher sensitivity to sense the biomolecules compared to both the DM-TFET and the conventional DM-FET. Furthermore, we have also analyzed the noise characteristics for the simulated structures to measure the ability of the proposed device for sensing the biomolecules in the presence of noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, comparative analysis of hydrogen(H), hydroxyl (OH), fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl) edge passivated silicene nanoribbon (SiNR) field effect transistors (FETs) having nanoribbon width of 7 dimers along the armchair direction has been carried out. The ab-initio tight binding simulations of SiNR with different edge passivation uses the multi-scale approach which consists of density functional theory, Wannier function based tight binding and the non-equilibrium Green's Function formalism. It has been found that, the band gap of hydrogen passivated SiNR is comparatively larger than the other edge passivated SiNRs. To choose the optimum number of Wannier functions for tight binding approximations, the contribution of orbitals has also been analyzed. It has been found that, in transport characteristics of X-edge passivated SiNR FETs (X is H, F, Cl and OH), the H-edge passivated SiNR FET shows improved transfer characteristics in comparison to OH, Cl and F–edge passivated SiNR FETs. • Performance analysis of various edge passivated Silicene armchair nanoribbon. • Bandgap of H-passivated SiNR is higher than OH, Cl and F–edge passivated SiNR. • Use of projected density of states to choose the optimum number of Wannier function. • Higher I ON / I OFF in case of H-passivated SiNR FET in comparison other–edge passivated SiNR FET. • Performance of H-passivated SiNR FET is superior among other–edge passivated SiNR FET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop esomeprazole-loaded zinc-pectinate-Sesbania gum floating microbeads, optionally supplemented with calcium silicate, as a gastro-retentive drug delivery system. The microbeads were produced using the ionic gelation method, with zinc acetate as the crosslinking agent, and were characterized through in vitro studies. The findings revealed that all formulations exhibited high drug encapsulation efficiency and sustained drug release profiles. Polymer ratios, calcium silicate incorporation, and the choice of low-density oils significantly influenced drug encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics. Notably, the B:6 batch, formulated with Sesbania gum and low methoxy pectin, demonstrated outstanding performance, releasing 95.89 ± 1.66% of the drug within 7 h, with a floating lag time of 1.18 ± 0.07 min, indicating promising in vitro gastro-retention capabilities. Analysis of P-XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and DSC data highlighted changes in crystallinity, drug--excipient compatibility, surface morphology, and thermal behavior of esomeprazole and esomeprazole-loaded microbeads. In conclusion, these floating microbeads represent a potential gastro-retentive drug delivery system, offering enhanced buoyancy and prolonged drug release, with potential therapeutic advantages for peptic ulcer management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractQuetiapine (QTP) is a moderately water-soluble biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) microspheres were prepared using a co-precipitation approach. The Quetiapine was translocated to the brain through a nasal route using carboxymethyl chitosan-calcium carbonate (CMC-CaCO3) hybrid microspheres. During this process, optimization controlled the size of the microspheres by controlling the volume of solution, precipitating agent, and concentration ratios of the precursors. The optimized batch showed a narrow size distribution with high stability in the dispersed phase as characterized by dynamic light scattering. Preliminary characterization revealed crosslinking formation between the carboxymethyl groups of chitosan and the CaCO3 may be responsible for the spherical structure. The preliminary evaluations were done with Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and UV visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The surface morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy that showed the microscale range of the spherical-shaped particles. The ex-vivo mucoadhesive studies suggested a high binding affinity toward mucin, having a sustained release effect for up to 8 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop quetiapine (QTP)-loaded β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based co-polymeric thiolated polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (t-PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles (QTP@β-CD-t-PEG-PLGA) by transesterification process. As a result, the ex-vivo bioadhesion study shows good bioadhesion because of the thiolation of PEG (t-PEG), which can interrelate through mucin and expand the retention time. In-vitro release study demonstrates the QTP release to 20 h (∼98.76%). Herein, sulfhydryl ligands can form disulfide bonds with cysteine-rich mucus areas that increased the viscosity of mucin and accordingly drug retention. Hence, it can be significant accomplishment for nose to brain drug targeting in psychotic disorder management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) successfully synthesized by sol–gel and hydrothermal methods. It is cost effective and valuable approach. • CeO2 NPs exhibiting superior gas sensitivity and enhanced dye degradation. • CeO2 NPs exhibiting high NH3 gas sensing responses with other tested gases and photocatalytic activity under MB degraded under sunlight. • CeO2 NPs are often exhibit enhanced surface area leading to improve gas sensing and photocatalytic activity performance. • The gas sensing and photocatalytic activity of CeO2 NPs offers a wide range of applications with potential benefits for environmental sustainability, public health. Cerium dioxide (CeO 2) nanoparticles were synthesized through sol–gel and hydrothermal methods, yielding materials with distinct properties. Characterization techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Photoluminescence spectra (PL), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy with Selected Area Electron Diffraction (TEM-SAED) were employed to analyse the synthesized nanoparticles. The FTIR analysis revealed an absorption band at 475 cm−1, while UV–Visible spectroscopy determined band gap energies of 3 eV and 3.16 eV for the sol–gel and hydrothermal methods, respectively. XRD analysis indicated crystalline sizes of 14.57 nm and 17.41 nm for the sol–gel and hydrothermal methods, respectively. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated active peaks at 464 cm−1 for the sol–gel method and 463 cm−1 for the hydrothermal method. Cyclic Voltammetry showcased different oxidation and reduction peaks, while Photoluminescence spectra provided insights into the excitation spectrum of CeO 2 nanoparticles. FESEM and TEM-SAED images revealed nano-sized spherical spongy CeO 2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the synthesized CeO 2 nanoparticles exhibited promising photocatalytic degradation activity against methyl blue (MB) dye under sunlight irradiation, with degradation efficiencies of 92 % and 82 % for the sol–gel and hydrothermal methods, respectively. Additionally, gas sensing properties for various gases (ethanol, methanol, CO 2 , LPG, H 2 S, and NH 3) were evaluated using domestic gas sensor systems, showing potential applicability across a broad temperature range from 50 °C to 350 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Identification of HSPG and ACE2 mimicking moieties for competitive inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. • Docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed the binding characteristics of mimicking moieties with SARS-CoV-2. • Carboxymethyl benzyl amide sulfonate (CMBS) and polyanetholesulfonic acid (PAS) are the promising HSPG mimicking ligands. • Paenibacillus sp. B38-CAP and Bacillus subtilis BS-CAP carboxypeptidases are the potential ACE2-like enzymes. A key step to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is to prevent the entry of the virus into the host cells. The receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of spike proteins of SARS-CoV and other human coronaviruses utilize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as the primary receptors for their accumulation on the cell surface and then scan for binding to the main entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 share structurally similar RBDs and therefore, it is possible that SARS-COV-2 primarily binds to HSPGs followed by binding to the ACE2 receptors. A promising strategy to inhibit virus infection is to circulate exogenous bioactive moieties structurally mimicking cellular HSPG and ACE2 which act as decoy receptors binding to SARS-CoV-2 and competitively inhibit virus entry to the host cells mediated by cellular-bound HSPG and ACE2. Using a molecular docking tool, we identified carboxymethyl benzyl amide sulfonate (CMBS) and polyanetholesulfonic acid (PAS) as the suitable HSPG mimicking ligands, and Paenibacillus sp. B38-derived carboxypeptidase (B38-CAP) and Bacillus subtilis -derived carboxypeptidase (BS-CAP) as the potential ACE2-like enzymes having a strong binding affinity to the spike proteins as that of cellular HSPG and ACE2. Further, the binding stability and compactness of these moieties with SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the results indicated that these moieties form well-stable complexes with the RBD of spike proteins. The identified moieties could be conjugated to the surfaces of non-toxic nanoparticles to provide multiple interactions to efficiently shield SARS-CoV-2, and inhibit viral entry to the host cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]