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What is the relationship between feminism and political participation? How does partisanship moderate this relationship? Prior research shows that gender attitudes, particularly sexism, rather than gender identity per se, increasingly shape vote choice and participation in US elections. However, the role played by feminism in voter behaviour remains scarcely understood. As feminist identification crosses partisanship, we argue that its impact on engagement with campaigns and turnout depends on party ID. Therefore, we expect feminist identity and how it intersects with either aligned or conflicting partisan identity to impact partisans' participation asymmetrically. Using data from the 2016 and 2020 American National Election Studies, our results support these expectations. Holding the mutually reinforcing identities of Democrat and feminist has a significant mobilizing impact, while holding the cross-cutting identities of Republican and feminist tends to lead to a decline in political participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheep are among the earliest domesticated livestock species, with a wide variety of breeds present today. However, it remains unclear how far back this diversity goes, with formal documentation only dating back a few centuries. North European short-tailed (NEST) breeds are often assumed to be among the oldest domestic sheep populations, even thought to represent relicts of the earliest sheep expansions during the Neolithic period reaching Scandinavia <6,000 years ago. This study sequenced the genomes (up to 11.6X) of five sheep remains from the Baltic islands of Gotland and Åland, dating from the Late Neolithic (∼4,100 cal BP) to historical times (∼1,600 CE). Our findings indicate that these ancient sheep largely possessed the genetic characteristics of modern NEST breeds, suggesting a substantial degree of long-term continuity of this sheep type in the Baltic Sea region. Despite the wide temporal spread, population genetic analyses show high levels of affinity between the ancient genomes and they also exhibit relatively high genetic diversity when compared to modern NEST breeds, implying a loss of diversity in most breeds during the last centuries associated with breed formation and recent bottlenecks. Our results shed light on the development of breeds in Northern Europe specifically as well as the development of genetic diversity in sheep breeds, and their expansion from the domestication center in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through their talk, actions and interactions, children actively shape and develop notions of gender and sexuality. This research delves into the realm of children's agency to explore the ways children act and react to instances of sexism and LGBTI+ phobia. Within the context of a Gender Equity Education Program in a Chilean primary school, this study employs participatory‐action research, integrating participatory methods and participant observation, acknowledging the significance of children's agencies in knowledge construction. Analytically, a feminist post‐structuralist lens is applied to examine children's experiences, unveiling distinct categories of agencies, namely ‘reproducers’ and ‘challengers’ of the dominant discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disentangling nucleation and growth in materials that crystallize on the nanosecond time scale is experimentally quite challenging since the relevant processes also take place on very small, i.e., sub‐micrometer length scales. Phase change materials are bad glass formers, which often crystallize rapidly. Here systematic changes in crystallization kinetics are shown in pseudo‐binary compounds of GeTe and Sb2Te3 and related solids subjected to short laser pulses. Upon systematic changes in stoichiometry, the speed of crystallization changes by three orders of magnitude concomitantly with pronounced changes in stochasticity. Resolving individual grains with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) permits to disentangle of the process of nucleation and growth. From these experiments, supported by multiphysics simulations of crystallization, it can be concluded that high crystallization speeds with small stochasticity characterize phase change materials with fast nucleation, while compounds that nucleate slowly crystallize much more stochastically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) may have underlying conditions predisposing them to hypoxic-ischemic injury during labor and delivery. It is unclear how genetic and congenital anomalies impact outcomes of HIE. Infants with HIE enrolled in a phase III trial underwent genetic testing when clinically indicated. Infants with known genetic or congenital anomalies were excluded. The primary outcome, i.e., death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), was determined at age two years by a standardized neurological examination, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (BSID-III), and the Gross Motor Function Classification Scales. Secondary outcomes included cerebral palsy and BSID-III motor, cognitive, and language scores at age two years. Of 500 infants with HIE, 24 (5%, 95% confidence interval 3% to 7%) were diagnosed with a genetic (n = 15) or congenital (n = 14) anomaly. Infants with and without genetic or congenital anomalies had similar rates of severe encephalopathy and findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging. However, infants with genetic or congenital anomalies were more likely to have death or NDI (75% vs 50%, P = 0.02). Among survivors, those with a genetic or congenital anomaly were more likely to be diagnosed with cerebral palsy (32% vs 13%, P = 0.02), and had lower BSID-III scores in all three domains than HIE survivors without such anomalies. Among infants with HIE, 5% were diagnosed with a genetic or congenital anomaly. Despite similar clinical markers of HIE severity, infants with HIE and a genetic or congenital anomaly had worse neurodevelopmental outcomes than infants with HIE alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐Hauptelement‐Legierungen (MPEAs) gewinnen in der Korrosions‐ und Elektrokatalyseforschung aufgrund ihrer elektrochemischen Stabilität über einen breiten pH‐Bereich und der Vielfalt der möglichen chemischen Zusammensetzungen zunehmend an Interesse. In unseren Untersuchungen mit der äquimolaren CrCoNi‐Legierung in einem sauren Elektrolyten (0.1 M NaCl, pH 2) beobachteten wir eine signifikante Metallauflösung, die mit der Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER) im transpassiven Bereich einhergeht, obwohl in zyklischen Polarisationskurven keine Hysterese auftrat oder andere offensichtliche Korrosionsindikatoren vorlagen. In diesem Artikel wird ein Charakterisierungskonzept eingeführt, dass die Beiträge der OER und der Legierungsauflösung differenziert. Hierfür kommt die elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie (SECM) zum Nachweis des Beginns der OER und die quantitative chemische Analyse mit induktiv gekoppelter Massenspektrometrie (ICP‐MS) und UV/Vis‐Spektrometrie zur Aufklärung der Metallauflösungsprozesse zum Einsatz. Die elektrochemische In situ‐Atomkraftmikroskopie (EC‐AFM) zeigte, dass die intergranulare Korrosion der dominierende Mechanismus der transpassive Metallauflösung von CrCoNi ist. Diese Ergebnisse besitzen erhebliche Auswirkungen für die Beurteilung der Stabilität von MPEAs in Korrosionssystemen und der Stromausbeute von OER‐Katalysatoren auf der Basis von MPEAs. Die Daten unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit der analytischen Bestimmung von Metallionen, die von MPEA‐Elektroden freigesetzt werden. Die Freisetzung von Übergangsmetallionen verringert nicht nur die Stromausbeute von Elektrolyseuren, sondern kann zu einer Schädigung von Membranen in elektrochemischen Reaktoren führen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐principal element alloys (MPEAs) are gaining interest in corrosion and electrocatalysis research due to their electrochemical stability across a broad pH range and the design flexibility they offer. Using the equimolar CrCoNi alloy, we observe significant metal dissolution in a corrosive electrolyte (0.1 M NaCl, pH 2) concurrently with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the transpassive region, despite the absence of hysteresis in polarization curves or other obvious corrosion indicators. We present a characterization scheme to delineate the contribution of OER and alloy dissolution, using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for OER‐onset detection, and quantitative chemical analysis with inductively coupled‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and ultraviolet visible light (UV/Vis) spectrometry to elucidate metal dissolution processes. In situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC‐AFM) revealed that the transpassive metal dissolution on CrCoNi is dominated by intergranular corrosion. These results have significant implications for the stability of MPEAs in corrosion systems, emphasizing the necessity of analytically determining metal ions released from MPEA electrodes into the electrolyte when evaluating Faradaic efficiencies of OER catalysts. The release of transition metal ions not only reduces the Faradaic efficiency of electrolyzers but may also cause poisoning and degradation of membranes in electrochemical reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac catheterization remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and management of pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH). There is lack of consensus regarding optimal anesthetic and airway regimen. This retrospective study describes the anesthetic/airway experience of our single center cohort of pediatric PH patients undergoing catheterization, in which obtaining hemodynamic data during spontaneous breathing is preferential. A total of 448 catheterizations were performed in 232 patients. Of the 379 cases that began with a natural airway, 274 (72%) completed the procedure without an invasive airway, 90 (24%) received a planned invasive airway, and 15 (4%) required an unplanned invasive airway. Median age was 3.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 0.7–9.7); the majority were either Nice Classification Group 1 (48%) or Group 3 (42%). Vasoactive medications and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were required in 14 (3.7%) and eight (2.1%) cases, respectively; there was one death. Characteristics associated with use of an invasive airway included age <1 year, Group 3, congenital heart disease, trisomy 21, prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, WHO functional class III/IV, no PH therapy at time of case, preoperative respiratory support, and having had an intervention (p < 0.05). A composite predictor of age <1 year, Group 3, prematurity, and any preoperative respiratory support was significantly associated with unplanned airway escalation (26.7% vs. 6.9%, odds ratio: 4.9, confidence interval: 1.4–17.0). This approach appears safe, with serious adverse event rates similar to previous reports despite the predominant use of natural airways. However, research is needed to further investigate the optimal anesthetic regimen and respiratory support for pediatric PH patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We revisit the Next-to-Leading Order (two-loop) contributions to the Anomalous Dimensions of ∆F = 1 four-quark operators in QCD. We devise a test for anomalous dimensions, that we regard as of general interest, and by means of which we detect a problem in the results available in the literature. Deconstructing the steps leading to the available result, we identify the source of the problem, which is related to the operator known as Q11. We show how to fix the problem and provide the corrected anomalous dimensions. With the insight of our findings, we propose an alternative approach to the one used in the literature which does not suffer from the identified disease, and which confirms our corrected results. We assess the numerical impact of our corrections, which happens to be in the ballpark of 5% in certain entries of the evolution matrix. Our results are important for the correct resummation of Next-to-Leading Logarithms in analyses of physics beyond the Standard Model in ∆F = 1 processes, such as the decays of Kaons and B-mesons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-Columbian food production in the Maya Lowlands was long characterized as reliant on extensive, slash-and-burn agriculture as the sole cultivation system possible in the region, given environmental limitations, with maize as the dominant crop. While aspects of this "swidden thesis" of Maya agriculture have been chipped away in recent years, there has been an underappreciation of the many forms of long-term capital investments in agriculture made by ancient Maya people. Here, we review the last three decades of research that has overturned the swidden thesis, focusing on long-term strategies. We demonstrate long-lasting agricultural investments by Maya people, in social capital including multigenerational land tenure, in cultivated capital including long-lived trees, and in landesque capital including soil amendments and landscape engineering projects, such as terracing and wetland modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research combines Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and Oxygen (δ18O) isotope analysis to challenge the prevailing interpretation of patrilocal exogamic practices among eastern European Early Neolithic Linearbandkeramik (LBK) communities. Patrilocality has been considered the key factor influencing the mobility patterns of central Europe's first farmers (c. 5500–4900 cal. BC), especially in the south-eastern Moravian region (Czech Republic). Focusing our attention on both male and female tooth enamel samples from cemeteries, settlement graves and small clusters of graves, this paper reassesses the correlation between mobility, biological sex, and funerary practices. This task is accomplished by establishing a new isotopic footprint using new 87Sr/86Sr data, as well as significantly increasing the number of sampled individuals for 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O. The outcome of this research contributes to a better understanding of the mobility patterns among early farmers in central Europe, challenging existing theories and providing new insights into their social and cultural dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autologous cranioplasty has been used for decades and is the gold standard treatment in patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy (DC). One of the most common methods to store the cranial bone flap is cryopreservation at very low temperatures (−70 to −80°). The only way to achieve these low temperatures is by using special freezers which are not always available in all medical facilities, especially in low-resource centers. This paper describes our experience with the storage of cranial bone flaps in freezers of conventional refrigerators. This retrospective study included patients treated with autologous cranioplasty, operated between 2015 and 2020. The cranial bone flap was stored at −18°C in the freezer of conventional refrigerators. Complications and outcomes were analyzed and compared with reports of patients in whom ultra-low temperature freezers were used for bone flap preservation. Twenty-five patients were included. The average follow-up period was 33 months. Trauma was the most common cause of DC, followed by stroke. The mean age was 36.7. Aseptic bone flap resorption was observed in 4 cases (16%). No cases of infection were observed. The use of freezers from conventional refrigerators may be an acceptable alternative for the preservation of the cranial bone flap in facilities where special freezers are not available. The rate of aseptic bone necrosis and infections observed in this paper was similar to the incidence of these complications reported in studies where ultra-low temperatures were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate changes in distal outflow tract vessels caused by VEGF-A and their impact on outflow. Methods: We compared VEGF-A perfused porcine anterior segments with and without trabecular meshwork (TM) to control eyes. In the first experiment (n=48), we analyzed live changes of the outflow tract with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) over 3 h and reconstructed them in 3D. In a second experiment (n=32), we measured the intraocular pressure (IOP) variation in response to VEGF-A over 48 h and computed the outflow facility. Results: VEGF-A increased the vessel volume of the distal outflow tract by 16.8±10.6% while control eyes remained unchanged (0.5±6.8%). Volume changes occurred within the first 100 min before plateauing at 140 min. VEGF-A enhanced the outflow facility in eyes without TM by 38.6±25.5% at 24 h as compared to controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: VEGF-A dilated vessels of the distal outflow tract and increased the outflow facility even after TM removal, pointing to a regulatory mechanism independent of proximal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sheds light on the value systems of the middle-class metropolitan older adults living alone, on the ageing self and the person's relationship to the surrounding society based on eight interviews. Ageing research has emphasized the traditional features of elderly care in India including its collectivist values rooted in filial piety and the extended family as well as embracement of disengagement influenced by the Hindu texts on two phases in later life: "hermit" and "renunciate". Increased social and geographical mobility, however, challenges traditional family systems. Using the example of the urban middle-class older adults living alone, this study explored whether living alone constitutes a challenge to the norms that previous research associated with Indian elderly care. Using abductive phenomenographic analysis the study found that the understandings of older adults in the study show great reflexivity concerning key aspects of their lives. Although the life conditions of older adults living alone deviated in many aspects from dominant traditional norms of filial piety and a care regime based on strong intergenerational interdependence, their responses and reflections mirrored assemblages of values deeply rooted in Hindu Vedic philosophy of the Ashramas and perceptions of independence, autonomy and self-reliance associated with Western "productive" aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We focus on pre-Columbian agricultural regimes in the Maya Lowlands, using new datasets of archaeological wood charcoal, seeds, phytoliths, and starch grains; biological properties of plants; and contemporary Indigenous practices. We address inherited models of agriculture in the lowlands: the limitations of the environment (finding more affordances than anticipated by earlier models); the homogeneity of agricultural strategies (finding more heterogeneity of strategies across the lowlands than a single rigid template); the centrality of maize in agriculture (finding more reliance on root crops and tree crops than historically documented); the focus on the milpa system as food base (finding more agroforestry, homegardening, horticulture, and wild resource management than previously documented); the dominance of swidden strategies in agricultural practices (finding more diverse practices than accounted for in most models); and the foregrounding of maize crop failure in collapse models (finding more evidence of resilience and sustainable agricultural practices than predicted). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the earliest livestock, sheep (Ovis aries) were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent about 12,000--10,000 years ago and have a nearly worldwide distribution today. Most of our knowledge about the timing of their expansions stems from archaeological data but it is unclear how the genetic diversity of modern sheep fits with these dates. We used whole-genome sequencing data of 63 domestic breeds and their wild relatives, the Asiatic mouflon (O. gmelini, previously known as O. orientalis), to explore the demographic history of sheep. On the global scale, our analysis revealed geographic structuring among breeds with unidirectional recent gene flow from domestics into Asiatic mouflons. We then selected 4 representative breeds from Spain, Morocco, the United Kingdom, and Iran to build a comprehensive demographic model of the Western sheep expansion. We inferred a single domestication event around 11,000 years ago. The subsequent westward expansion is dated to approximately 7,000 years ago, later than the original Neolithic expansion of sheep and slightly predating the Secondary Product Revolution associated with wooly sheep. We see some signals of recent gene flow from an ancestral population into Southern European breeds which could reflect admixture with feral European mouflon. Furthermore, our results indicate that many breeds experienced a reduction of their effective population size during the last centuries, probably associated with modern breed development. Our study provides insights into the complex demographic history of Western Eurasian sheep, highlighting interactions between breeds and their wild counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current trends in surgical neuro-oncology show that early discharges are safe and feasible with shorter lengths of stay (LOS) and fewer thromboembolic complications, fewer hospital-acquired infections, reduced costs, and greater patient satisfaction. Traditionally, infratentorial tumor resections have been associated with longer LOS and limited data exist evaluating predictors of early discharge in these patients. The objective was to assess patients undergoing posterior fossa craniotomies for tumor resection and identify variables associated with postoperative day 1 (POD1) discharge. A retrospective review of posterior fossa craniotomies for tumor resection at our institution was performed from 2011 to 2020. Laser ablations, nontumoral pathologies, and biopsies were excluded. Demographic, clinical, surgical, and postoperative data were collected. One hundred and seventy-three patients were identified and 25 (14.5%) were discharged on POD1. Median length of stay (LOS) was 6 days. The POD1 discharges had significantly better preoperative Karnofsky performance scores (P < 0.001) and modified Rankin scores (P = 0.002) and more frequently presented electively (P = 0.006) and without preoperative neurologic deficits (P = 0.021). No statistically significant difference in 30-day readmissions and rates of PE, UTI, and DVT was found. Univariate logistic regression identified better preoperative functional status, elective admission, and lack of preoperative hydrocephalus as predictors of POD1 discharge, however only the latter remained significant in the multivariable model (P = 0.001). Discharging patients on POD1 is feasible following posterior fossa tumor resection in a select group of patients. Although we found that the only independent predictor for a longer LOS was preoperative hydrocephalus, larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in Clinical Endoscopy, discusses a technique called "unroofing" for diagnosing subepithelial lesions (SELs) in the upper gastrointestinal tract. SELs are tumors that can be neoplastic or non-neoplastic and are commonly found incidentally during gastric endoscopy. The article describes a modified technique using a cold snare to expose the SELs, allowing for easier tissue sampling with a standard forceps biopsy. The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 20 cases using this technique and found it to be safe and efficient. Further studies are needed to evaluate its reliability for diagnosing SELs arising from the deeper layers of the gastrointestinal tract. [Extracted from the article]

Consider an M‐th order linear differential operator, M≥2$M\ge 2$,L(M)=∑k=0Mρk(z)dkdzk,$$\begin{equation*} \mathcal {L}^{(M)}=\sum _{k=0}^{M}\rho _{k}(z)\frac{d^k}{dz^k}, \end{equation*}$$where ρM$\rho _M$ is a monic complex polynomial such that deg[ρM]=M$\mbox{{ \textrm {deg}}}[\rho _M ]=M$ and (ρk)k=0M−1$(\rho _k)_{k=0}^{M-1}$ are complex polynomials such that deg[ρk]≤k,0≤k≤M−1$\mbox{{ \textrm {deg}}}[\rho _k ]\le k, 0\le k \le M-1$. It is known that the zero counting measure of its eigenpolynomials converges in the weak star sense to a measure μ. We obtain an asymptotic expansion of the eigenpolynomials of L(M)$\mathcal {L}^{(M)}$ in compact subsets out of the support of μ. In particular, we solve a conjecture posed in Masson and Shapiro [On polynomial eigenfunctions of a hypergeometric type operator. Exper Math. 2001;10:609‐618]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers developing questionnaire measures of personality, motivation, and self-regulation constructs related to students' achievement and persistence in STEM or other fields rarely have examined whether the items on the measures used are functioning differently across groups, which is necessary for accurate group comparison. The present study assessed differential item functioning (DIF) in two frequently-used measures of such constructs, the Grit-S, the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), and a new measure of long-term grit, using a sample of 1,146 ninth and tenth-grade students in the U.S.A. We also assessed gender and racial differences in the patterns of the relationships among the latent constructs, something rarely reported in the literature. Differences in such patterns indicate that the concurrent validity of the construct scores could vary across different groups. Results indicated that numerous items exhibited gender DIF on the Grit-S but not on the MSLQ or long-term grit measure. There were fewer DIF items across racial groups. Patterns of relations among the variables, in general, were weaker for females than males. There were fewer racial groups differences in the patterns of correlations. We discuss the implications of the DIF findings for future research on group comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel methodological approach for parcel-based crop classification in highly fragmented landscapes is presented. • The potential of Sentinel-2 time series to identify citrus crops status is studied. • Differences were found in the OSAVI and NDMI profiles that enable the identification of non-productive, productive and abandoned crops. • The spatial and temporal transferability of the OSAVI and NDMI time series is assessed. Agricultural land abandonment (ALA) is becoming a growing phenomenon around the world that needs to be monitored and quantified. A massive abandonment of citrus orchards has been experienced in the last years in the Comunitat Valenciana (CV) region (Spain) driven by different socio-economic factors. Therefore, developing time and cost-efficient methods for monitoring ALA is a priority. Citrus are a perennial crop trees which make orchards have low spectral variation during the year. In the CV region, they are planted in relatively small parcels, thus creating a highly fragmented and heterogeneous landscape. This study proposes a machine learning-based classification framework that uses annual time series of spectral indices extracted from Sentinel-2 images to identify crop status at parcel level. The method is based on features extracted from the reconstructed OSAVI and NDMI time series used to train a Random Forest classifier. Then, a parcel-based classification is performed using the parcel boundaries and the probabilities of belonging to each category for the full pixels inside the boundaries. The research assessed the potential to identify three statuses of crops (non-productive, productive, and abandoned). Results on three different temporal and spatial datasets provided an overall accuracy ranging from 89 to 92 %, demonstrating the importance of multi-temporal data to identify the abandonment of perennial crops. Furthermore, we studied the ability of the model to be spatially and temporally transferred. Limitations to recall the abandoned parcels when using models trained in other areas or time periods are exposed, opening the way to model improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the sustainability of the resettlement of unaccompanied refugee children from their perspective. Against the backdrop of a critical assessment of the multilevel governance of resettlement, it compares two rural municipalities. Unaccompanied refugee children in the municipality with a disempowering local governance model were hindered to engage with civil society, while in the municipality with an enabling model, their integration was enhanced. Achieving safety by legal residency does not by itself resolve the liminalities of belonging to unaccompanied refugee children. Beyond positive engagement by professionals, supporting encounters with civil society were found to enhance integration and belonging, while the lack of these strengthened marginalities. Unaccompanied refugee children resettlement is largely influenced by the benevolence of local actors when the state vacates its responsibility to co‐ordinate efforts. While civil society has an important role to play, a helping civil society cannot be assumed. Tensions rose also due to the collision between institutional styles. The marketisation of refugee reception at the national level led to loss of ability to plan schooling in rural municipalities, reinforcing practices of physical and symbolic segregation of children in the refugee context education. These accounts shed also light on the resilience of unaccompanied refugee children encountering local resettlement efforts emerging in the context of increasingly securitised asylum policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently discovered documents reveal that between 1962 and 1964, Carl F. H. Henry, evangelical theologian and editor of Christianity Today, taught an invite-only Sunday School class for evangelical elites in Washington, DC. Dubbed the "Hilltoppers," the group, which included senators, generals, and businessmen, focused almost exclusively on addressing the threat of Communism from a Christian worldview. Henry's unpublished notes show how he viewed the rise of Communism as an opportunity for evangelicals to demonstrate the inadequacy of liberal Protestantism and the necessity of a biblically grounded, publicly articulated evangelical worldview as the only intellectual defense against Communism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the 30-day surgical readmission rate after major gynecologic oncology surgeries at a high-volume academic institution and correlated risk factors. Retrospective cohort study was conducted of surgical admissions from January 2016 – December 2019 at a single institution. Data were extracted from patient charts, including reason for readmission and length of stay. A readmission rate was calculated. Nested case control design was used to identify correlations between readmission and patient specific risk-factors. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine risk factors with readmission. A total of 2152 patients were included. The readmission rate was 3.5%, most commonly due to GI disturbance and surgical site infection. Average readmission length was 5 days. Prior to adjusting for covariates, insurance status, primary diagnosis, index admission length, and disposition at discharge differed between patients who were and were not readmitted. After adjusting for co-variates, younger patients, index admission >2 days, and higher Charlson co-morbidity index were associated with readmission. Our surgical readmission rate was lower than previously reported rates in gynecologic oncology patients. Patient factors associated with readmission included younger age, longer index hospital admission, and higher medical co-morbidity index scores. Provider factors and institutional practice patterns could contribute to the decreased readmission rate. These findings underscore the importance of standardizing how we calculate readmission rate and interpret these data. Varying readmission rates and institutional practice patterns deserve closer scrutiny to inform best practice and future policies. • Postoperative readmission rate after major gynecologic oncology surgery was 3.5%; lower than previously reported rates. • Readmission cause was most commonly gastrointestinal complication and surgical site infection. • Younger age, longer index hospital admission, and higher medical co-morbidity index were associated with readmission. • Provider practice patterns warrant further study regarding contribution to readmission rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial sector is nowadays experiencing a digital transformation motivated by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Concepts such as data-driven models, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and Transfer Learning (TL) are part of the current vocabulary in the industrial management and control topics. For that reason, in this paper the application of TL techniques is proposed to derive new ANN-based control structures from pre-existing ones. Notice that if an ANN-based controller is transferred into a new industrial environment, its appropriate behaviour must be ensured, and what it is more important, this must be known a priori. Nevertheless, TL techniques do not always ensure this. That is why the Transfer Suitability Metric (TSM) is proposed here. Determining the similarity among environments, this metric tells if the controller can be transferred, transferred with certain limitations, or if it cannot be transferred at all. Here, the metric is applied over a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The objective is to derive the control structure of one control loop, let us say the Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and then transfer it into another basic control loop in a WWTP, the Nitrate–nitrogen (NO), and vice-versa. Results show that with the help of the TSM, an improvement around a 68.54% and 80.53% in the Integrated Absolute Error (IAE) and the Integrated Squared Error (ISE) is obtained in the NO management, respectively. Moreover, a simplification and speed-up of the controller design process is achieved. • Reduce the complexity and speed-up the design process of ANN-based controllers. • Transfer ANN-based structures between industrial environments. • Measure the transfer suitability of an ANN-based controller. • Measure the transfer suitability by means of the Transfer Suitability Metric (TSM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrosalpinx is a condition with a crucial prognostic role in reproduction, and its diagnosis by a non-invasive technique such as ultrasound is key in achieving an adequate reproductive assessment while avoiding unnecessary laparoscopies. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthetize and report the current evidence on transvaginal sonography (TVS) accuracy to diagnose hydrosalpinx. Articles on the topic published between January 1990 and December 2022 were searched in five electronic databases. Data from the six selected studies, comprising 4144 adnexal masses in 3974 women, 118 of which were hydrosalpinxes, were analyzed as follows: overall, TVS had a pooled estimated sensitivity for hydrosalpinx of 84% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 76–89%), specificity of 99% (95% CI = 98–100%), positive likelihood ratio of 80.7 (95% CI = 33.7–193.0), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.16 (95% CI = 0.11–0.25) and DOR of 496 (95% CI = 178–1381). The mean prevalence of hydrosalpinx was 4%. The quality of the studies and their risk of bias were assessed using QUADAS-2, evidencing an overall acceptable quality of the selected articles. We concluded that TVS has a good specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing hydrosalpinx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There is a need to evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent brain tumor surgery with subsequent telemedicine or in-person follow-up during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We retrospectively included all patients who underwent surgery for brain tumor resection by a single neurosurgeon at our Institution from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions (March 2020) to August 2021. Outcomes were assessed by stratifying the patients using their preference for follow-up method (telemedicine or in-person). Results Three-hundred and eighteen (318) brain tumor patients who were included. The follow-up method of choice was telemedicine (TM) in 185 patients (58.17%), and in-person (IP) consults in 133 patients. We found that patients followed by TM lived significantly farther, with a median of 36.34 miles, compared to a median of 22.23 miles in the IP cohort (P =.0025). We found no statistical difference between the TM and the IP group, when comparing visits to the emergency department (ED) within 30 days after surgery (7.3% vs 6.01%, P =.72). Readmission rates, wound infections, and 30-day mortality were similar in both cohorts. These findings were also consistent after matching cohorts using a propensity score. The percentage of telemedicine follow-up consults was higher in the first semester (73.17%) of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to the second (46.21%), and third semesters (47.86%). Conclusions Telehealth follow-up alternatives may be safely offered to patients after brain tumor surgery, thereby reducing patient burden in those with longer distances to the hospital or special situations as the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contributing to the many initiatives around the globe that foster gender education in primary school, we present the pioneering case of Paillaco (Chile). An educational program on "gender, affectivity and sexuality", implemented since 2014, which has been influential in challenging gender injustice in education in the region and offers a potential template for others to follow. This case study, framed as Feminist Activist Research, aims to identify: the theoretical and pedagogical discourses that shape the program; the subjectivities of the schoolteachers appointed as "gender monitors"; and the effects and challenges perceived in and by the community. Results show that the program draws on critical-feminist pedagogies, queer theory and appeals for the provision of a comprehensive sexuality education. Training the teachers emerges as the key for raising gender awareness. Finally, positive changes such as reduction of gender violence are perceived because of the implementation of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeting mutations that trigger acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has emerged as a refined therapeutic approach in recent years. Enasidenib (Idhifa) is the first selective inhibitor of mutated forms of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) approved against relapsed/refractory AML. In addition to its use as monotherapy, a combination trial of enasidenib with standard intensive induction therapy (daunorubicin + cytarabine) is being evaluated. This study aimed to decipher enasidenib off-target molecular mechanisms involved in anthracycline resistance, such as reduction by carbonyl reducing enzymes (CREs) and drug efflux by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. We analysed the effect of enasidenib on daunorubicin (Daun) reduction by several recombinant CREs and different human cell lines expressing aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) exogenously (HCT116) or endogenously (A549 and KG1a). Additionally, A431 cell models overexpressing ABCB1, ABCG2, or ABCC1 were employed to evaluate enasidenib modulation of Daun efflux. Furthermore, the potential synergism of enasidenib over Daun cytotoxicity was quantified amongst all the cell models. Enasidenib selectively inhibited AKR1C3-mediated inactivation of Daun in vitro and in cell lines expressing AKR1C3, as well as its extrusion by ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 transporters, thus synergizing Daun cytotoxicity to overcome resistance. This work provides in vitro evidence on enasidenib-mediated targeting of the anthracycline resistance actors AKR1C3 and ABC transporters under clinically achievable concentrations. Our findings may encourage its combination with intensive chemotherapy and even suggest that the effectiveness of enasidenib as monotherapy against AML could lie beyond the targeting of mIDH2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is significant uncertainty in describing prognosis and a lack of reliable entry criteria for palliative care studies in children with advanced heart disease (AHD). This study evaluates the utility of the surprise question—"Would you be surprised if this child died within the next year?"—to predict one-year mortality in children with AHD and assess its utility as entry criteria for future trials. This is a prospective cohort study of physicians and nurses caring for children (1 month–19 years) with AHD hospitalized ≥ 7 days. AHD was defined as single ventricle physiology, pulmonary vein stenosis or pulmonary hypertension, or any cardiac diagnosis with signs of advanced disease. Primary physicians were asked the surprise question and medical record review was performed. Forty-nine physicians responded to the surprise question for 152 patients. Physicians responded "No, I would not be surprised if this patient died" for 54 (36%) patients, 20 (37%) of whom died within 1 year, predicting one-year mortality with 77% sensitivity, 73% specificity, 37% positive predictive value, and 94% negative predictive value. Patients who received a "No" response had an increased 1-year risk of death (hazard ratio 7.25, p < 0.001). Physician years of experience, subspecialty, and self-rated competency were not associated with the accuracy of the surprise question. The surprise question offers promise as a bedside screening tool to identify children with AHD at high risk for mortality and help physicians identify patients who may benefit from palliative care and advance care planning discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To systematically review existing literature on the neurosurgical management and outcomes of brain metastasis from pancreatic cancer in comparison with our institutional experience of this patient cohort. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from date of database inception to March 2022. Studies were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Simultaneously, a retrospective analysis was conducted of patients who underwent neurosurgical evaluation and treatment for intracranial metastatic lesions from pancreatic origin at a single institution. The original literature search yielded 292 articles, of which 17 studies comprising 23 patients with brain metastases of pancreatic origin were ultimately selected. Median overall survival from primary diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was 22 months (interquartile range: 3–84) and 3 months (interquartile range: 1–36) after diagnosis of brain metastasis. In our institutional cohort, 4 patients were identified with a median overall survival of 30.5 months (interquartile range: 2–108). Our institutional cohort experienced a prolonged median overall survival (3 months vs. 30.5 months, P = 0.03) compared with the literature. Brain metastasis from pancreatic cancer is rare and associated with a fatal outcome. However, based on the data presented in this review, patient-specific and treatment-related factors could signal better prognosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate multimodal therapy and survival to suggest a more personalized decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses how far co-creation methodologies can be applied to policy-making innovation in the platform economy. The driving question is how co-creation collaboration-based policy-making can increase diversity and strengthen the participation of actors. The analysis is based on a three-year case study on the platform economy in Barcelona, describing how co-creation dynamics contributed to the participatory definition of local public policies and agenda. The methodology is based on participatory design techniques, involving participant observation and content analysis. Results indicate that co-creation can increase participation diversity aligning academic, economic, and social viewpoints in policy innovation from a quadruple helix perspective. In addition, collaboration schemes assist in engaging a wide diversity of participants in the policy ideation process which, in this case, resulted in 87 new policy measures, with contributions from more than 300 people of different backgrounds and perspectives. The case study demonstrates the value of a cycle of collaboration going beyond mere symbolic engagement or citizen support to public policy-making. It further shows the importance of combining co-creation with methods of action research, strategic planning and knowledge management, as well as with face-to-face interactions and online channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased frequency of flooding in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP), São Paulo, Brazil, makes it necessary to have an accurate precipitation monitoring and nowcasting system to mitigate socioeconomic impacts. This research is on the use of remote sensing with dual Doppler X-band weather radar (MXPOL) to improve the high spatiotemporal resolution rainfall rates estimation in MASP. The methodology includes an initial correction of the polarimetric data, namely, the specific differential phase (KDP) to estimate the attenuation correction, the adjustment of rainfall rates by polarimetric variables relationships, and the error estimation by cross-validation with rain gauges. Results show that the five relationships have similar performance with just a slight difference between the use of power relationships (e.g., reflectivity (Z) and differential reflectivity (ZDR)) or frequency (e.g., specific differential phase) variables. The average error was 1.1 mm for the mean square error, 29% for the relative error, and 0.8 for the correlation coefficient. An adjustment of coefficient specifically for MXPOL was significantly advantageous for the rainfall rate estimation with R (Z, ZDR) and R (ZDR, KDP) relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper presents psychometric properties of an instrument for the Assessment of Sexual Behaviour and Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability (ASBKID), other‐reported by professionals who are in daily contact with them. Methods and procedures: Assessments of 236 individuals with intellectual disability were obtained from 100 professionals. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four‐factor structure: concern about the user's inappropriate or uninhibited sexual behaviour; perception of the user's knowledge about privacy and social norms; perception of the user's knowledge about sexuality; and concerns about the user's sexuality. A multi‐group CFA was also conducted in men and women, confirming the adequacy of this four‐factor structure by gender. The reliability of the factors ranged from 0.74 to 0.92. Conclusions: The psychometric results obtained support the use of the ASBKID as a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of sexual behaviour and knowledge in both men and women with intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the ecclesiastical trial of Flaminio Tresti in Lodi in 1596-97. The trial lasted several months and involved 45 participants, including the accused, judges, court officers, and witnesses. Flaminio was accused of conspiring with two clerics to commit highway robbery. The trial records provide extensive documentation of the proceedings, including testimonies from various individuals. Flaminio maintained his innocence throughout the trial, but was ultimately sentenced to permanent banishment from Lodi and the state of Milan. The trial records also reveal details about Flaminio's lifestyle, social circle, musical activities, and financial situation. [Extracted from the article]

Medicinal practices were critical in ancient societies, yet we have limited insight into these practices outside references found in ancient texts. Meanwhile, historic and ethnographic resources have documented how a number of plants, from across the landscape, are assembled into pharmacopoeias and transformed into materia medica. These documentary resources attest to diverse healthcare practices that incorporate botanical elements, while residues in the archaeological record (seeds, phytoliths and starch grains) point to a variety of activities, some of them therapeutic in nature. Focusing on four pre-Hispanic communities in northwestern Honduras, I draw upon ethnobotanical and ethnobiological knowledge to infer medical practices potentially represented by ancient plant residues. Comparing these findings with prior investigations, I address the limits of dividing taxa into mutually exclusive categories such as 'food', 'fuel' and 'medicine'. I consider the importance of apothecary craft in past lifeways, as well as the persistence of many traditions in contemporary medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underlying the idea of the middle classes there is a contradictory positionality, the relations of which ultimately enhance capital accumulation. By opening Marxist critique to Weberian approaches to class, we explain how the self‐ascription of short‐term rental (STR) suppliers to the middle‐class idea boosts exploitation and accumulation. Housing income, and recently that originating in STRs, has been used to maintain the symbolic and material status of the so‐called middle classes in Spain, and specifically in Palma. Based on statistical data analysis and interviews with STR suppliers, managers and workers, we analyse the contradictory class positionality of STR suppliers in Palma (Majorca, Spain). First, we argue, that STR suppliers are part of the middle classes since they bear attributes of rent, labour and also capital, as they employ workers to produce a tourism commodity. Second, we contend that STR overnight stays should not only be considered as land rent payments, but also as the sale of a tourism commodity. Third, we claim that the contradictory positionality of the middle classes fuels self‐exploitation, for STR suppliers misalign their interests with those of capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Transverse Ranges of southern California are a region of active transpression on the western margin of North America that hosts some of the world's highest uplift rates at the Ventura anticline. Yet, the manner in which rock uplift rates change along strike from Ventura to the westernmost Transverse Ranges and the structures that may be responsible for this uplift remain unclear. Here, we quantified rock uplift rates within the westernmost 60 km of the Transverse Ranges by obtaining new age constraints from raised beach and shoreface deposits from marine terraces along the Gaviota coast. Twelve radiocarbon (seven sites) and eight luminescence (six sites) ages, ranging from ca. 50 to 40 k.y. B.P. and ca. 56 to 43 ka, respectively, consistently suggest that the first emergent terrace dates to marine isotope stage (MIS) 3, rather than MIS 5a as previously reported for the western Gaviota coast. These younger ages yield rock uplift rates between 0.8 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.4 m/k.y., i.e., over five times higher than previous estimates for this region. The spatial distribution of rock uplift rates and the abrupt along-strike changes in marine terrace elevations favor a regional tectonic model with a step-wise change in rock uplift across the south branch of the Santa Ynez fault. The south branch of the Santa Ynez fault appears to separate two regional tectonic blocks, characterized by rock uplift rates of ~1.3-1.6 m/k.y. to the east and slightly lower rates to the west (~0.8-1.4 m/k.y.). Our observations suggest that coastal rock uplift is primarily accommodated by deeply rooted far-field structures such as the offshore Pitas Point-North Channel fault system and the Santa Ynez fault, and that smaller through-going structures impart second-order controls and locally accommodate short-wavelength (<10-km-long strike length) deformation. These results imply that although the rates of rock uplift decline westward along strike, the westernmost portion of the western Transverse Ranges nonetheless accommodates relatively high (>1 m/k.y.) rock uplift rates at a significant distance (>50 km) from the rapidly uplifting (6-7 m/k.y.) Ventura anticline, and >100 km from the prominent restraining bend ("Big Bend") in the San Andreas fault. The new constraints on the geometry of Quaternaryactive structures and regional rates of faultrelated deformation have implications for regional earthquake source models and seismic hazard assessment in the highly populated southern California coast region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a digraph with a source and several destination nodes with associated demands, an unsplittable flow routes each demand along a single path from the common source to its destination. Given some flow x that is not necessarily unsplittable but satisfies all demands, it is a natural question to ask for an unsplittable flow y that does not deviate from x by too much, i.e., y a ≈ x a for all arcs a. Twenty years ago, in a landmark paper, Dinitz et al. (Combinatorica 19:17–41, 1999) proved that there exists an unsplittable flow y such that y a ≤ x a + d max for all arcs a, where d max denotes the maximum demand value. Our first contribution is a considerably simpler one-page proof for this classical result, based upon an entirely new approach. Secondly, using a subtle variant of this approach, we obtain a new result: There is an unsplittable flow y such that y a ≥ x a - d max for all arcs a. Finally, building upon an iterative rounding technique previously introduced by Kolliopoulos and Stein (SIAM J Comput 31:919–946, 2002) and Skutella (Math Program 91:493–514, 2002), we prove existence of an unsplittable flow that simultaneously satisfies the upper and lower bounds for the special case when demands are integer multiples of each other. For arbitrary demand values, we prove the weaker simultaneous bounds x a / 2 - d max ≤ y a ≤ 2 x a + d max for all arcs a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is common in women but few seek medical attention. Poor recognition of the condition as pathological and unawareness of treatments may account for low consultation rates. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on an online survey that was responded to in February and March 2020 by 768 female university students. Knowledge of PFD was assessed using the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using IBM-SPSS (V26.0). Results: Respondents had poor knowledge of PFD and especially of pelvic organ prolapse. Health science students (n = 531; 69.1%) obtained significantly higher scores (p < 0.001) than other students (n = 237; 30.9%). Those who had received information on how to perform pelvic floor muscle training were more likely to score higher than those who had not received previous information. Conclusions: While health science students have better knowledge of PFD than other students, university students in general are little aware of PFD. Most students considered the issue of PFD to be important and wanted more information. Our findings may be useful in planning strategies to raise women's awareness of PFD and its prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We researched the one-dimensional configurations of MoX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I), a spin chain with antiferromagnetically frustrated moments S = 3 2 located at the Mo sites. Our research revealed a spontaneous magnetic order in this group of one-dimensional setups. The magnetic system within the one-dimensional chain reacts collectively due to various magnetic couplings, creating topological spirals with great potential for technology. The key element is the discovery of compelling evidence for biquadratic exchange, which has recently been studied in two-dimensional magnetism. Moreover, we identified antiferromagnetic couplings that go beyond the nearest neighbor, causing frustration. Our research also revealed the connection between these 1D structures through van der Waals interactions, turning them into appealing quasi-two-dimensional magnets with highly tailored electric and magnetic characteristics. Our extensive calculations provide a strong foundation for comprehending the complex behavior of these one-dimensional chains and provide insight into the development of innovative materials with improved electronic and magnetic characteristics. These advances pave the way for various technological applications, especially in new-generation spintronics and magnonic devices. [Display omitted] • Ab initio characterization of electric and magnetic states in 1D-MoX 3 van der Waals magnets. • Study of different geometrical conformations of 1D and 2D van der Waals magnets. • Casting of a spin Hamiltonian that predicts spiral states in the above systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electroacoustic resonator is an efficient electro-active device for noise attenuation in enclosed cavities or acoustic waveguides. It is made of a loudspeaker (the actuator) and one or more microphones (the sensors). So far, the desired acoustic behaviour, expressed in terms of a linear-time-invariant relationship between sound pressure and vibrational motion (the acoustical impedance), has been more efficiently achieved by a model-inversion strategy which is implemented by driving the electrical current in the loudspeaker coil, based upon the measured pressure. The corrector transfer function is defined in the Laplace domain and digitally executed by the classical infinite-impulse-response technique, though a state–space representation could be employed. In this work, we are interested in enforcing a nonlinear behaviour at low sound excitation levels, where the electroacoustic resonator would normally behave as a linear-time-invariant system. Hence, in order to transform its acoustical response from linear to nonlinear, the model-inversion technique must be reformulated in time domain. The state–space representation of the relationship between the input measured pressure and the output electrical current gives the right perspective and the solution to this problem. We provide the conception of this model-inversion control algorithm capable of transforming a linear-time-invariant acoustical response to potentially any causal acoustical response of the electroacoustic resonator. Such control strategy is tested by targeting a Duffing acoustical response with tunable parameters. Both numerical simulations and experimental tests in quasi-open field validate the approach. The results provided in this contribution open the doors for conceiving non-conventional absorbers which can exploit nonlinear phenomena for noise mitigation even at low excitation amplitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A change detection analysis utilizing Very High-resolution (V.H.R.) satellite imagery was performed to evaluate the changes in coastal vegetation in La Parguera, southwestern Puerto Rico, attributable to the increased influx of pelagic Sargassum and its accumulations in cays, bays, inlets and near-shore environments. Imagery was co-registered, corrected for atmospheric effects and masked for water and land. A Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (N.D.V.I.) was used to evaluate the changes in coastal vegetation. N.D.V.I. was used to calculate the differences from 2010 baseline imagery to potential hurricane plus Sargassum impacts (2018 image) and potential Sargassum impacts (2020 image). Results show a total decrease in N.D.V.I. from 2010 to 2020 of 28%, or 3,687,493 m2, and these changes were also observed in true colour images. Total decrease in values in N.D.V.I. was higher from 2018 to 2020, especially for the Isla Cueva site (233,807 m2), and were consistent with the field observations and drone surveys conducted since 2018 in the area. Areas prone to Sargassum accumulation were also identified. This approach provides a quantifiable method to evaluate Sargassum impacts to the coastal vegetation and benthic composition using change detection of V.H.R. images and to separate these effects from other extreme events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used lidar differencing and field observations to map volumes, and interpret the origins of, sediment mobilized from mountain canyons by large post‐wildfire debris flows near Montecito, CA, USA in 2018. The debris flows progressively entrained and partially redeposited 550,000 m3 of previously stored channel sediments throughout the canyon networks. The observations that scour depths and volumes were highest where the largest volumes of bouldery colluvium and debris‐flow deposits had accumulated, and that scour persisted beyond the mountain front, indicates that debris‐flow volumes in this extreme event were ultimately controlled by the coarse sediment reservoir available for scour. Because the volumes of available stored sediment result from the stochastic interaction of colluvial mass wasting, the magnitude and frequency of previous debris flows, and the accommodation space provided by valley morphology, the study reinforces the importance of estimating stored sediment volumes when developing debris‐flow hazard assessments. Plain Language Summary: We measured the volumes, and identified the origins of, sediment evacuated from a mountain range by large debris flows near Montecito, CA, USA in 2018. We measured sediment volumes by subtracting the ground surface topography of creek bottoms estimated using lidar scanning equipment before and after the events. We conducted field campaigns to investigate the type of sediment removed during the debris flows. The flows evacuated and partially redeposited a total of 550,000 m3 of material, with the greatest removal occurring in large canyons where previous boulder‐rich debris‐flow deposits had accumulated. Our results indicate that estimates of stored sediment are necessary when assessing debris‐flow hazard in similar high‐value environments. Key Points: Lidar differencing reveals range‐wide volumes of scour and re‐deposition by post‐wildfire debris flows within Santa Ynez Range canyonsScoured coarse‐grained sediment, emplaced by prior colluvial and debris‐flow processes, constituted ∼70% of the entire debris‐flow volumesVolumes of sediment available for debris‐flow scour depend on the stochastic interaction of accumulation processes and large scouring events [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations at sites across northwestern Honduras—inside and outside the Maya area—have revealed diverse food activities and ingredients. Paralleling the evidence from durable artifact assemblages, we see transformation over time in materials and practices, as well as the movement of elements across the landscape. Botanical evidence points toward a dynamic overlap between northern and southern societies, with northwestern Honduras serving as a sort of regional crossroads. In this article, we compare cuisines from several ancient communities in northwestern Honduras, using microbotanical and macrobotanical residues. We briefly address the political and historic context of the region and provide abridged biographies of several culinary taxa. Of particular interest are milpa annual crops such as maize and squash, managed and cultivated palm species, wild and managed herbaceous species, edible fruit species, and root and tuberous crops such as lerén, sweet potato, and manioc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]