Search

Achieving sustainable development has been confronted with many challenges both coming from the society and institution, and what we mean by the institution is not limited by the state government only. Sustainable goals are expected from relations of mutual dependence between society and institutions (such as governments and international organizations), which we call as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ratified by the member states of the United Nations. The idea of inclusive development is multifaceted, but ultimately it places emphasis on the social, ecological, and political spheres of development at the national and regional levels. In this context, this paper addresses the question what do the challenges of building a just and inclusive society as part of goal 16 of SDGs in ASEAN and then elaborate from a specific case study of Indonesia on the challenge and obstacles of the building just and inclusive societies. Although the main topic is discussing the challenge of the implementation, this paper also discusses how some regulations, structures, and values within the state have also been a driving factor of SDGs 16 implementation. To analyze and frame the SDGs implementation and its challenges, the paper uses the social control theory from Durkheim. This paper finds that, while SDG implementation performs well in terms of social inclusion in the local community (a smaller area of development), it performs poorly in terms of human rights and tolerance. This paper suggests that there is a risk of failure in the actual implementation of SDG Goal 16 in a large and diverse country like Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 20 years, divorce has increased in Indonesia. Indonesian statistics show that divorces initiated by women exceed those by men. One issue that is often neglected is how socioeconomic differences also play a role in this matter. Drawing on our collaborative research on Muslim divorces in Indonesia, this paper focuses on the interplay between divorce strategies and socioeconomic differences among Muslim couples. Our in-depth interviews with 93 Muslim men and women and 19 judges from Islamic courts show that class differences shape distinctive dynamics of divorce among Muslim Indonesians. Couples from less educated, lower-income backgrounds accept marriage dissolution more easily, with women becoming much less tolerant of men's behaviors such as infliction of domestic violence, infidelity, and failure to provide financial support. Educated, middle-class urban couples divorce for similar reasons but tend to experience a lengthier process accompanied by complex layers of conflict. Many educated women's narratives emphasize their ability to support themselves through working, and a desire to be free of a bad marriage at any cost. Class and education thus contribute to significant differences in the experience and trajectories of divorce in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]