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A honeycomb structure is a sandwich structure widely used in fuselage, among which the hexagonal honeycomb core is the most widely used. The energy absorption characteristics and impedance ability of the structure are the main reasons that directly affect the energy absorption characteristics of the honeycomb sandwich structure. Therefore, it is necessary to study the out-of-plane mechanical properties of the composite honeycomb sandwich structure. Based on the numerical simulation results, the energy absorption characteristics of several composite honeycomb sandwich structures are verified by drop hammer impact experiments. The research shows that the transient energy absorption characteristics of the composite honeycomb sandwich structure are mainly related to the cell size of the honeycomb structure. The smaller the size of the front cell, the stronger the overall impact resistance; the strength of the composite honeycomb sandwich structure exceeds that of 7075 aluminum alloy-NOMEX and carbon fiber-NOMEX honeycomb sandwich structures. In this paper, the energy absorption characteristics of composite honeycomb sandwich structures under different impact energy are compared and studied. The displacement, force and energy curves of energy absorption characteristics related to time variables are analyzed. The difference in protective performance between the composite honeycomb sandwich structure and existing airframe structure is compared and studied. The optimal structural design parameters of composite honeycomb sandwich under low-speed impact of drop hammer are obtained. The maximum energy absorption per unit volume of the designed honeycomb sandwich structure is 171.7% and 229.8% higher than that of the NOMEX-AL and NOMEX-C structures. The 6.4 mm and 3 mm cell sizes show good characteristics in high-speed buffering and crashworthiness. The composite honeycomb sandwich airframe structure can improve the anti-damage performance of the UAV airframe structure, ensure the same thickness and lightweight conditions as the existing honeycomb sandwich airframe structure, and improve the single-core bearing mode of the existing airframe structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an alternative to the conventional concave hexagonal honeycomb structure (CHHS), a negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb structure with power function curve (NHPC) was devised. The relationship between the power function exponent (PFE) and normalized power function coefficient (NPFC) of honeycomb structure and its equivalent Poisson's ratio (EPR) was explored to identify the range of variables required for the negative Poisson's ratio effect. To investigate the in-plane mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of NHPC, the deformation mode, dynamic response, and energy absorption characteristics under various impact velocities were studied by constructing an in-plane impact simulation model. The results showed that NHPC obviously exhibited a negative Poisson's ratio effect on medium and low impact velocities, and the deformation was primarily uniform. As the NPFC increased, the honeycomb structure was less prone to stress concentration, while the peak crushing force (PCF) and the specific energy absorption (SEA) declined and the plateau stress increased. A multi-objective optimization experiment was operated with low PCF and high SEA as the targets within the range of design variables in order to generate the optimal NHPC. According to the experimental findings, the improved NHPC showed a 25.48 % reduction in PCF and a 19.29 % increase in SEA. This paper provides theoretical recommendations for improving the energy absorption and structural optimization of the honeycomb structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most natural materials have rotational and hierarchical properties, so they can show excellent mechanical properties such as shear resistance and impact resistance. In order to further improve the energy absorption characteristics of vibration absorbing structures, a new type of honeycomb structure with integral rotation and group rotation is designed and characterized. The effects of the geometrical parameters of rotation Angle on the impact deformation mode, stress response curve and energy absorption characteristics of the honeycomb structure are studied through numerical simulation and experimental design. The results show that the overall honeycomb performance of 15° is better than that of 0°, the specific energy absorption is the results show that the overall honeycomb performance of 15° is better than that of 0°, the specific energy absorption is increased by 6%, the bearing capacity is increased by 320 N, and the crushing force efficiency is increased by 2%. Compared with the whole cell and the group cell, the specific absorption energy increased by 35%, 73% and 71%. The results of this paper provide a new insight into the impact performance of monolithic and grouped rotating honeycomb structures, which is helpful for the results of this paper provide a new insight into the impact performance of monolithic and grouped rotating honeycomb structures, which is helpful for the optimization of crashworthiness structural design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metastructures are extensively used in aerospace engineering. In the present work, a high-strength structure was designed based on a reentrant hexagonal honeycomb (RHH) by topology optimization. To generate a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) effect, topologically optimized cells were alternately arranged with RHH cells to obtain a hybrid hexagonal honeycomb (HHH). In comparison with other NPR structures, this structure had superior energy absorption characteristics. In addition, the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of this structure were analyzed. Finally, single, double, and triple functional gradients were introduced into the HHH. It was found that the introduction of functional gradients improved the energy absorption capacity of the structure, and that the energy absorption capacity increased with the increase in the number of functional gradients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The battery-pack system of electric vehicles is prone to collide with low obstacles on the road, causing battery short circuits and even explosions. It poses a great safety threat to passengers and drivers. The honeycomb structure's high energy absorption and lightweight properties have made it a popular choice in the automotive industry. This paper designs different bio-inspired honeycomb structures to a battery-pack system of electric vehicles to improve the crashworthiness performance. The effects of different bio-inspired honeycomb structures on the crashworthiness of a battery-pack system during frontal impact are analyzed based on a nonlinear finite element model. First, the geometric parameters of seven different bio-inspired honeycomb individual units are described. The overall structure of the honeycomb is applied to a battery-pack system. Second, the nonlinear finite element model of a battery-pack system and honeycomb structures are established and verified. Then, collision simulations are conducted. The deformation and the maximum stress of a battery-pack's bottom shell are computed. The energy absorbed by the honeycomb structures during frontal impact are investigated. The results indicate that the proposed bio-inspired honeycomb structure mimicking grass stems improves the safety performance of battery-pack systems most. Finally, a parametric design is carried out on the bio-inspired honeycomb structure. The effects of wall thicknesses and the number of replacement hexagons on the crashworthiness performance are analyzed. The honeycomb structure preforms best when thickness is 1 mm and the number of replacement hexagons is 2 and 4. The optimized bio-inspired honeycomb structure reduces the deformation of the battery-pack' bottom shell by up to 30%, and maximum stress by 10%. • The deformation, maximum stress, and energy absorption are investigated. • The effects of seven bio-inspired honeycomb structures are analyzed. • Parametric design is carried out to further improve the crashworthiness performance. • The deformation of the bottom shell can be reduced by up to 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of pier anti-collision composite structure composed of honeycomb steel and polyurethane (PU) elastomer was proposed in this study. The impacts of the shape and filling materials of inner core cells on the failure mode, load–displacement cure, bearing capacity, structural stability, and energy absorption were studied by conducting uniaxial compression tests on device segments. Test results showed that the bearing capacity, structural stability, and energy absorption of honeycomb steel structure were significantly improved by PU elastomer filling. Besides, when compared with the square honeycomb structure and the regular hexagon honeycomb structure, the maximum values of average load, total energy absorption (TEA), and specific energy absorption (SEA), which were 69.6 kN, 1986.1 J, and 1300 J/kg, respectively, for the regular triangle honeycomb structure without PU filling, increased to 459.3%, 376.38%, and 212.5%, respectively, for the regular hexagonal core cell structure with PU filling, which was proved to be the most suitable core structure for pier anti-collision device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical performance of honeycomb sandwich structures fabricated with thermoplastic elastomer nylon core and 0D/2D hybrid polymer nanocomposite skin was investigated. The cell sizes were varied from 10 to 36 mm, and mechanical performance was evaluated along out-plane and in-plane orientations. Different tests like sandwich compression, bare core flexural, beam deflection and drop over impact test were carried out. The energy absorption ability of sandwich panels was evaluated by compression and drop weight impact test, and it was effectuated by cell size variation. A close agreement between the test results of the drop weight impact tester and FEM simulation was noted. The analysis of test results confirms that nylon honeycomb core with the variation of cell size possesses both compliance and stiffness besides good energy absorption abilities. The possible area of application includes backing layer in the body armor that can provide protection against blunt trauma and scar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeycomb structures exhibit outstanding mechanical properties with specific unit cell configurations. We introduce a novel honeycomb structure that can enhance the compression property and energy absorption capacity by utilizing four-dimensional (4D) printing technology with polylactic acid (PLA) materials. In the designed honeycomb structure, the walls of the adjacent unit cells are independent, and the shape of the unit cells can be transformed between a hexagon and triangle under external loading and temperature stimulus. 4D printing technology is employed to prepare the honeycomb specimens, and the deformation processes of the innovative honeycombs are implemented. Structure I (a novel hexagonal honeycomb structure) and Structure II (a semi-triangular honeycomb structure) can be transformed into each other. Uniaxial quasi-static compression and impact tests are conducted to investigate the compression property and energy absorption capacity of the designed honeycomb structures. The results indicate that the novel honeycomb had a high compression property with Structure II, and had high energy absorption capacity with Structure I; thus, the developed honeycomb structures have broad application prospects for the multifunctional applications of honeycomb structures in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]