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2. Reading from Screen vs Reading from Paper: Does It Really Matter?
- Author
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Ocal, Turkan, Durgunoglu, Aydin, and Twite, Lauren
- Abstract
This study investigated whether reading comprehension would differ when the texts are studied and tested on screen or on paper. Participants were 69 college students who were attending a college in midwestern United States. Participants read two expository texts each, under comparable paper and screen conditions and answered comprehension questions. Test forms and the order of the conditions were counterbalanced. The correlations between reading outcomes and reader characteristics were examined. Participants also completed a survey on their views on the two media (paper or screen). The results did not indicate a significant difference on students' reading comprehension as a function of medium and reader characteristics. However, students reported preferring paper-based reading for complex material.
- Published
- 2022
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3. Proceedings of International Conference on Humanities, Social and Education Sciences (iHSES) (Denver, Colorado, April 13-16, 2023). Volume 1
- Author
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International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Mack Shelley, Mevlut Unal, and Sabri Turgut
- Abstract
The aim of the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (iHSES) conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and connect with the leaders in the fields of "humanities," "education" and "social sciences." It is organized for: (1) faculty members in all disciplines of humanities, education and social sciences; (2) graduate students; (3) K-12 administrators; (4) teachers; (5) principals; and (6) all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2023
4. Needs Assessment of National Communication Association Conference Presentations: Members' Perceptions of Presentation Effectiveness, Values, and Challenges
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Charoensap-Kelly, Piyawan, Priddis, DeAnne, and Punyanunt-Carter, Narissra M.
- Abstract
This study analyzed the National Communication Association (NCA) members' perceptions regarding the effectiveness of their own and their peer presentations and the challenges they faced when preparing and giving conference presentations. Overall, participants (n = 187) feel fairly content with the effectiveness of NCA conference presentations and the value they have gained from them. The effectiveness of others' presentations has a significant association with members' perceived value of the conference presentations. The "lack of experience" and "lack of confidence" are key variables that heighten anxiety which can impact the effectiveness of presentations. "Process anxiety" was positively associated with presentation effectiveness whereas "performance anxiety" was negatively associated with presentation effectiveness. This needs assessment provides informed suggestions for making academic presentations more effective in the future.
- Published
- 2022
5. Investigating Nontraditional First-Year Students' Epistemic Curiosity during the Research Process: An Exploratory, Mixed-Methods Study
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Knecht, Michelle Keba
- Abstract
The purpose of this exploratory, mixed-methods study was to investigate the relationship between nontraditional undergraduate students' curiosity and their experiences researching a topic. The author collected and analyzed survey data and annotated bibliography rubric scores from 59 students at a private, liberal arts university and conducted in-depth interviews to gather a fuller picture of the students' curiosity. Based on the study's findings, librarians and professors should create opportunities for students to select research topics to which they have a personal connection while intentionally offering supportive feedback to students as they refine their topics to reduce anxiety and frustration.
- Published
- 2022
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6. Semaglutide Attenuates Anxious and Depressive-Like Behaviors and Reverses the Cognitive Impairment in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mouse Model Via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.
- Author
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de Paiva IHR, da Silva RS, Mendonça IP, de Souza JRB, and Peixoto CA
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Male, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental psychology, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Antidepressive Agents pharmacology, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Glucagon-Like Peptides pharmacology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 psychology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Cognitive Dysfunction drug therapy, Cognitive Dysfunction prevention & control, Cognitive Dysfunction etiology, Cognitive Dysfunction metabolism, Depression drug therapy, Depression psychology, Depression metabolism, Anxiety drug therapy, Anxiety psychology, Anxiety etiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Brain-Gut Axis drug effects
- Abstract
Newly conducted research suggests that metabolic disorders, like diabetes and obesity, play a significant role as risk factors for psychiatric disorders. This connection presents a potential avenue for creating novel antidepressant medications by repurposing drugs originally developed to address antidiabetic conditions. Earlier investigations have shown that GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1) analogs exhibit neuroprotective qualities in various models of neurological diseases, encompassing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Moreover, GLP-1 analogs have demonstrated the capability to enhance neurogenesis, a process recognized for its significance in memory formation and the cognitive and emotional aspects of information processing. Nonetheless, whether semaglutide holds efficacy as both an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent remains uncertain. To address this, our study focused on a mouse model of depression linked to type 2 diabetes induced by a High Fat Diet (HFD). In this model, we administered semaglutide (0.05 mg/Kg intraperitoneally) on a weekly basis to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic option for depression and anxiety. Diabetic mice had higher blood glucose, lipidic profile, and insulin resistance. Moreover, mice fed HFD showed higher serum interleukin (IL)-1β and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with impaired humor and cognition. The analysis of behavioral responses revealed that the administration of semaglutide effectively mitigated depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, concurrently demonstrating an enhancement in cognitive function. Additionally, semaglutide treatment protected synaptic plasticity and reversed the hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by HFD fed, improving activation of the insulin pathway, demonstrating the protective effects of semaglutide. We also found that semaglutide treatment decreased astrogliosis and microgliosis in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus. In addition, semaglutide prevented the DM2-induced impairments of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and simultaneously increased the NeuN + and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R+) neurons in the hippocampus. Our data also showed that semaglutide increased the serotonin (5-HT) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and glutamatergic receptors in the hippocampus. At last, semaglutide changed the gut microbiota profile (increasing Bacterioidetes, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Blautia coccoides) and decreased leaky gut, improving the gut-brain axis. Taken together, semaglutide has the potential to act as a therapeutic tool for depression and anxiety., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
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7. Reviewing the Anxiety and Motivation in Foreign Language Learning from the Perspectives of Definition and Classification
- Author
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Tongyu Wu
- Abstract
Many previous studies have identified "foreign language anxiety" and "motivation" as two important areas of applied linguistics. This study aims to evaluate the pertinent literature with also providing new information and justifications in past studies on learning anxiety and motivation. In this paper, the first section explains the concept of L2 anxiety and elaborates on the three most widely used classifications of learning anxiety: "trait anxiety," "state anxiety," and "situation-specific anxiety." Furthermore, according to the anxiety's impact on learners, it can be broadly divided into two types: "debilitating anxiety" and "facilitative anxiety." Then, the second section of this paper explains the concept of L2 motivation from the abstract to the concrete, divides learning motivation into two categories (i.e., "integrative motivation" and "instrumental motivation") by its importance to second language learning, and classifies them into two other different categories (i.e., "intrinsic motivation" and "extrinsic motivation") by introducing new theories. The last section summarizes the relationship between the independent variables of L2 anxiety and motivation, along with the dependent variable of L2 learning, and also the relationship between learning anxiety and language motivation, which provides some constructive suggestions to the students and teachers of related majors. Therefore, the contribution of this paper is to empower faculty to adapt their instruction to the motivation and anxiety of different students in various classes, which enables learners to strike a balance between motivation and anxiety in order to achieve effective and fruitful learning outcomes. [For the full proceedings, see ED656038.]
- Published
- 2023
8. Addressing Emotional Aspects in the Second Language Learning Processes
- Author
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Luis F. Cisneros
- Abstract
Learning a foreign language incorporates cognitive, communicative, emotional, and social aspects. Some of these aspects have to do with the structure of the language being studied; some others deal with social and psychological issues that influence the environment where the learning process takes place. This reflection paper addresses various emotional aspects that can bring up positive outcomes along the foreign language learning stages. Elements such as motivation, attitudes, levels of anxiety, acculturation, ethnicity, and personality are considered for this work. Readers should be able to find useful ideas for their ESL/EFL classes.
- Published
- 2024
9. 'Through the Unknown, Remembered Gate': The Brian Nettleton Lecture -- Outdoors Victoria Conference, 2022
- Author
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Brian Wattchow
- Abstract
This paper is an adapted version of the Brian Nettleton Lecture given at the Outdoors Victoria Conference, 2022. It explores how the last two decades have seen an ever-accelerating Digital Revolution which has impacted on almost every aspect of human experience to the point that it is now omnipresent. Life is now mediated through the screen. As a result, children and young people have become hyper-vigilant, overly anxious, experience a sense of climate trauma, and have decreasing access to, and time spent in, the outdoors. In addition, children have just experienced two years of isolation as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and evidence suggests that they are already experiencing significant mental health issues as a result. This paper considers the implications of this for Outdoors Victoria and Outdoor Education.
- Published
- 2024
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10. Addressing Science Anxiety in German Fifth-Graders through Mindfulness
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Michael Hast
- Abstract
German primary school students' reading skills have declined between 2016 and 2021, with a deficit of up to one third of a school year. The most significant portion of the decline is attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic experiences. These delays are critical because children have to catch up on skills and knowledge they should already have while continuing to acquire new skills and knowledge. Students who are ill prepared in core readiness skills for secondary schools are simultaneously having to cope with the stressful experiences of school transition. Anxiety generally impedes participation in science classes, but the specific concept of science anxiety is less explored. Mindfulness has been successfully implemented in schools to alleviate stress as well as being somewhat effective in positively supporting student anxiety. This paper presents background to a current study that aims to address the significance of the issue of science anxiety amongst German post-transition students, and whether science anxiety can be improved through the implementation of a mindfulness program. [For the full proceedings, see ED652261.]
- Published
- 2023
11. Students' Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety: The Roots of the Problem
- Author
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Bensu Zambak and Yesim Bektas Çetinkaya
- Abstract
Experiencing anxiety is a major obstacle for language learners, especially in productive skills. Among these, speaking is considered to be generally the most challenging. Clearly, many students are affected by Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety (FLSA) and this negatively affects many aspects of their language learning experience, such as group work, speaking tests, presentations etc. Although many studies examine the causes of students' FLSA, there is a lack of focus on individual-specific causes. This qualitative multiple case study aimed to examine the phenomenon of FLSA, and explore the root causes of this problem, aiming at providing teachers with specific solutions to enable them to develop more effective ways to assist their students. Three preparatory class students participated in this study. The data was collected through the participants' diaries, semi-structured interviews and the researcher's informal participant observation over 6 weeks. The findings revealed that the causes of FLSA are highly personal and therefore, generally unpredictable. While certain causes have received much attention, others are practically invisible to teachers and therefore difficult to deal with effectively. The results emphasize the need for teachers to fully consult students before deciding on approaches to overcome FLSA. [This paper was published in: "EJER Congress 2023 International Eurasian Educational Research Congress Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2023, pp. 322-336.]
- Published
- 2023
12. Behavioral features in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): consensus paper from the International PWS Clinical Trial Consortium
- Author
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Schwartz, Lauren, Caixàs, Assumpta, Dimitropoulos, Anastasia, Dykens, Elisabeth, Duis, Jessica, Einfeld, Stewart, Gallagher, Louise, Holland, Anthony, Rice, Lauren, Roof, Elizabeth, Salehi, Parisa, Strong, Theresa, Taylor, Bonnie, and Woodcock, Kate
- Published
- 2021
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13. 'The Power to SAY What I Want to and It Gets Written Down': Situating Children's and Adults' Voices and Silence in Participatory Research
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Sabine Little, Hannah Raine, Ailin Choo, Ronia Joshi, Shanza J. Qarni, Ayden Sukri, Grace Horton, and Sarah Pakravesh
- Abstract
This paper, co-authored between three adults and five children aged 8-11, adopts a 'collaborative writing as inquiry' approach to examine and discuss the authors' experiences of a participatory research project through the lens of critical dialectical pluralism. In the original project, children formed two 'young advisory panels', one online, comprising children from all over England, and one in a primary school in a suburban area in North England, informing and collaborating on the creation of 45 educational activities supporting critical digital literacy. Rather than focusing on the original research itself, the paper focuses on making a methodological contribution, through detailed and collaborative reflections on notions such as agency, power and control. Over a period of four 60 to 90 min-long meetings once the actual research was completed, adult and child authors considered their respective roles in the project, as well as detailing their understanding of the project as a whole. In co-framing our perceptions of participatory research, we problematise adult anxieties and highlight the importance of exploring 'silence as voice', arguing for an extension to participatory research projects, going beyond the research itself and creating a 'third space' which is un/familiar to all participants, openly inviting engagement with discomfort and normalising uncertainty.
- Published
- 2024
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14. A Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Student Performance in an Online Mathematics Game
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Lee, Ji-Eun, Jindal, Amisha, Patki, Sanika Nitin, Gurung, Ashish, Norum, Reilly, and Ottmar, Erin
- Abstract
This paper demonstrates how to apply Machine Learning (ML) techniques to analyze student interaction data collected in an online mathematics game. We examined: (1) how different ML algorithms influenced the precision of middle-school students' (N = 359) performance prediction; and (2) what types of in-game features were associated with student math knowledge scores. The results indicated that the Random Forest algorithm showed the best performance in predicting posttest math knowledge scores among the seven algorithms employed. Out of 37 features included in the model, the validity of the students' first mathematical transformation was the most predictive of their math knowledge scores. Implications for game learning analytics and supporting students' algebraic learning are discussed based on the findings.
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- 2022
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15. Addressing systemic racism and intergenerational transmission of anxiety using Bowenian family therapy with African American populations: A Discursive paper.
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Josiah, Nia, Shoola, Hakeem, Rodney, Tamar, Arscott, Joyell, Ndzi, Maureen, Bush, Ashley D., Wilson, Patty R., Jacques, Keilah, Baptiste, Diana‐Lyn, and Starks, Shaquita
- Subjects
- *
FAMILY psychotherapy , *INTERGENERATIONAL relations , *INSTITUTIONAL racism , *ANXIETY disorders , *LITERATURE reviews , *VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) , *AFRICAN Americans - Abstract
Aim: To examine the intergenerational impact of systemic racism on mental health, depicting the evolution and patterns of anxiety symptoms and the application of the Bowenian family therapy to understand the interrelatedness and long‐standing impact of intergenerational trauma in African American families. This article highlights interventions that increase awareness of and promotes physical and mental health for African American populations. Design: Discursive Paper. Method: Searching literature published between 2012 and 2022 in PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO Host and Google Scholar, we explored factors associated with systemic racism and generational anxiety. Discussion: Evidence‐based literature supports the application of the Bowenian family therapy theoretical framework to understand the intergenerational impact of systemic racism and to address the transmission of anxiety symptoms in African American populations. Conclusion: Culturally appropriate interventions are needed to decrease anxiety symptoms in an attempt to heal intergenerational trauma and to improve family dynamics in African American populations. Impact to Nursing Practice: Nurses play an integral role in providing holistic quality patient‐centred care for African American populations who have experienced racial trauma. It is critical for nurses to implement culturally responsive and racially informed care with patients that focuses on self‐awareness, health promotion, prevention and healing in efforts to address racial trauma. Application of Bowenian family therapy can aid in the reduction of both intergenerational transmission of racial trauma and generational anxiety. No Patient or Public Contribution: There was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper. The authors reviewed the literature to develop a discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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16. A Correlational Study on Enjoyment and Anxiety in a Foreign Language Learning Context
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Denkci Akkas, Ferdane, Tekin, Isil, and Aydin, Selami
- Abstract
Emotions are of vital importance in the foreign language learning process. However, while anxiety is one of the most commonly studied affective variables in the foreign language research context, positive emotions have recently become a trendy research topic among English as a foreign language (EFL) researchers. In addition, foreign language anxiety (FLA) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE) are related emotions that might coexist in individuals, while the number of studies in the Turkish EFL context is too limited to draw a conclusion. This study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between enjoyment and anxiety in the Turkish EFL learning context. In this correlational study, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale (FLES) were administered to 242 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. The correlational data were obtained to see the relationship between FLA and FLE. The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between FLE and FLA. [This paper was published in: International LET-IN Conference Proceedings, 2022, pp. 306-314.]
- Published
- 2022
17. Investigation of Science Achievement on Transition to High School System (THS) in Terms of Some Variables
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Alkan, Muhammet Fatih and Günseli, Gülten
- Abstract
THS is applied to Science High Schools, Social Sciences High Schools, Anatolian Technical Programs of Vocational and Technical Anatolian High Schools and Project schools for student selection. With THS, approximately 10 percent of more than one million students are placed in a secondary education institution based on their preferences. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the success of the THS Science test of the students who have just graduated from middle school and who took the THS exam and their middle school science course scores, gender, and socio-economic level. In this ex post facto research, a total of 101 students were involved in the sample. Majority of the students were male (n=54, 53.5%). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that THS science score of participants were significantly and positively correlated with their 6th, 7th, and 8th grade science scores. The results of independent samples t-test demonstrated that there was no significant difference in THS science scores for male and female participants. Finally, the results of one-way ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in THS science scores by participants' socio-economic levels. Accordingly, students with high socio-economic level had higher scores from THS science test than students with moderate and low socio-economic levels. Based on this particular finding, policy makers are recommended to reconsider their efforts to provide equality of opportunity in education. [This paper was published in: "EJERCongress 2022 Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2022, pp. 225-231.]
- Published
- 2022
18. Investigation of Variables Affecting Reading and Mathematics Achievement with Latent Regression Rasch Model
- Author
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Demirkol, Sinem
- Abstract
Purpose: Achievement in mathematics and reading is a function of many interrelated variables. Therefore, it is important to identify and compare the variables that affect success in these areas. The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics that are thought to be effective on achievement scores in reading and mathematics. Method: The data of this study, which is a correlational study, were obtained from the PISA 2015 Turkey sample. The analysis of the research was carried out with The Latent Regression Rasch Model, which is one of the multilevel analysis methods. Results: According to the results, female students were more successful than male students in reading and math. The student's SES and anxiety level were associated with success in both areas, and this relationship was more in mathematics than in reading. In addition, while there was no significant relationship between motivation and reading success, this relationship significantly increased mathematics achievement. Recommendations: It is recommended to carry out the necessary studies in order to reduce the exam anxiety levels of the students, and to increase the motivation of success by giving importance to the cooperation of students, parents and schools. In addition, future studies can examine the relationships between different fields (such as science, foreign language) and different variables. [This paper was published in: "EJERCongress 2022 Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2022, pp. 335-344.]
- Published
- 2022
19. The Behavioral Neuroscience of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Barriers to Learning
- Author
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Downing, Callie F., Weigle, Rebecca J., and Harrison, Marissa A.
- Abstract
The number of migrants around the world has increased over the last decade, which can be attributed, in part, to increased violence from wars in the Middle East (Böhm et al., 2018; Hahnefeld, 2021; Reavell & Fazil, 2017; USA for UNHCR, 2022). About half of refugees are children (Amnesty International, 2022). These children are at risk of experiencing profound mental health issues (Williams et al., 2016), including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD has been described as a condition wherein an individual enters "survival mode" (Dyer et al., 2009) and is characterized by anxiety, intrusion symptoms, avoidance of stimuli, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and marked alterations in arousal and reactivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Fasfous et al., 2021). PTSD can interfere with learning processes due to consequential deficits in verbal memory, top-down processing, and other neuropsychological functions (Herringa, 2018; Samuelson, 2010, 2017; van Rooij et al., 2018; Wrocklage et al., 2016). Researchers have documented poorer learning outcomes in refugee children compared to control (Fasofous et al., 2021). Moreover, deleterious consequences extend beyond childhood. Even after resettlement outside of a refugee camp, psychological concerns can persist, and deficits may be prevalent (Hess et al., 2022). For governments and practitioners seeking to assist refugees, it is important to understand the connection between trauma and learning so as to develop effective interventions and treatments. [This paper was published in: "EJERCongress 2022 Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2022, pp. 218-224.]
- Published
- 2022
20. Determining confidence and anxiety of Australian community podiatrists in managing foot ulceration: A cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Anning N, Stokes-Parish J, Banwell H, Causby R, Walsh A, and Tehan P
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- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Female, Australia, Middle Aged, Adult, Clinical Competence statistics & numerical data, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Surveys and Questionnaires, Podiatry, Diabetic Foot therapy, Diabetic Foot psychology, Anxiety etiology, Anxiety therapy
- Abstract
Background: Diabetes related foot ulcer (DFU) is a leading cause of impaired quality of life, disability, hospitalisation, amputation and mortality in people with diabetes. It is therefore critical that podiatrists across all settings, including community settings, are confident and capable of providing care for diabetes-related foot complications. This study aims to describe current practice, confidence and anxiety levels of community podiatrists in the management of patients with foot ulceration. Furthermore, current barriers to service provision and interest in future educational opportunities will also be explored., Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was distributed to Australian community podiatrists. Descriptive variables including gender, age, professional experience, practice location and practise setting were elicited. A modified competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) was utilised to measure anxiety related to managing a foot ulcer. Other questions included a combination of multiple choice and open-ended free-text responses relating to assessment, confidence and referral pathways., Results: One hundred and twenty-two Australian community-based podiatrists responded to the survey. A variety of ulcer sizes and complexity were reported to be managed in community settings. Confidence in DFU management was high in most manual skill domains including: stabilisation of the foot (85.7%, standard deviation [SD] 17.42), scalpel control (83.0%, SD 20.02), debridement with a scalpel (82.7%, SD 18.19) and aseptic technique (81.0%, SD 18.62, maintaining integrity of healthy tissue (77.3%, SD 21.11), removal of appropriate tissue (75.6%, SD 22.53), depth of ulceration (73.7%, SD 23.99) and ability to manage messy wounds (69.1%, SD 26.04). Curette debridement had substantially lower levels of reported confidence (41.0%, SD 34.24). Performance anxiety was low with somatic and cognitive anxiety of 6/24 and 3/8 on the CSAI-2, respectively., Conclusion: Community podiatrists are managing foot ulcers of varying size and complexity. Confidence and anxiety do not pose a barrier to care. Adherence to wound assessment clinical guidelines is low and confidence with the use of curette was sub-optimal. Further educational programs may overcome these barriers and support shared models of care between community and acute podiatry services., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Foot and Ankle Research published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Podiatry Association and The Royal College of Podiatry.)
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- 2024
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21. Cross-sectional study examining the association between diet quality and the prevalence of anxiety and depression in UK undergraduate students.
- Author
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Myrissa K, Court C, and Kelaiditi E
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Young Adult, United Kingdom epidemiology, Prevalence, Universities, Adult, Adolescent, Surveys and Questionnaires, Depression epidemiology, Anxiety epidemiology, Students psychology, Students statistics & numerical data, Diet
- Abstract
The prevalence of mental health issues among UK undergraduate students is growing, and poor diet quality appears to be a risk factor for poor mental health although with limited research in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between diet quality and common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression and anxiety in UK undergraduate students. A cross-sectional survey consisting of demographic information and validated questionnaires (the Short-Form Food Frequency Questionnaire [SFFFQ] and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) was conducted to measure diet quality and anxiety and depression in young adults in 44 UK-based universities. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors was used to assess the associations between them. Undergraduate university students (n = 202, 67% female) with a mean age of 20.9 ± 3.6 years and a mean body mass index (n = 170) of 22.6 ± 3.2 kg/m
2 took part in the study. Prevalence of anxiety was high, with 40% of the sample having an anxiety score in the severe range (≥12 points) while the prevalence of depression was lower, with 6% of the population having a depression score in the severe range (≥12 points). Diet quality was significantly higher for females than males (p = 0.034) and was poor for 38% of the sample, being more common in males compared to females, although not significantly so (43% and 36%, respectively). Diet quality was inversely associated with anxiety (β = -0.427; p = 0.029) and was more likely to be associated with anxiety in females than males (β = 0.743; p = 0.043). No significant relationship between diet quality and depression was found. Better self-reported health, father's qualification and smoking status were also associated with less anxiety and depression. This research supports other research suggesting that UK universities should explore whether the implementation of dietary interventions and improving the food environment would be a cost-effective option to reduce the high prevalence of anxiety among students., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nutrition Bulletin published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Nutrition Foundation.)- Published
- 2024
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22. Web-based intervention for young adults experiencing anxiety and hazardous alcohol use: Study protocol for an 18-month randomized controlled trial.
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Prior K, Baillie AJ, Newton N, Lee YY, Deady M, Guckel T, Wade L, Rapee RM, Hudson JL, Kay-Lambkin F, Slade T, Chatterton ML, Mihalopoulos C, Teesson MR, and Stapinski LA
- Subjects
- Humans, Young Adult, Adolescent, Adult, Australia, Male, Female, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Internet-Based Intervention, Anxiety therapy
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Alcohol use and anxiety often co-occur, causing increased severity impairment. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that aims to test the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a web-based, self-guided alcohol and anxiety-focused program, compared with a web-based brief alcohol-focused program, for young adults who drink at hazardous levels and experience anxiety. It will also test moderators and mechanisms of change underlying the intervention effects., Design: This RCT will be conducted with a 1:1 parallel group., Setting: The study will be a web-based trial in Australia., Participants: Individuals aged 17-30 years who drink alcohol at hazardous or greater levels and experience at least mild anxiety (n = 500) will be recruited through social media, media (TV, print) and community networks., Intervention and Comparator: Participants will be randomly allocated to receive a web-based, integrated alcohol-anxiety program plus technical and motivational telephone/e-mail support (intervention) or a web-based brief alcohol-feedback program (control)., Measurements: Clinical measures will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention (2 months), 6 months (primary end-point), 12 months and 18 months. Co-primary outcomes are hazardous alcohol consumption and anxiety symptom severity. Secondary outcomes are binge-drinking frequency; alcohol-related consequences; depression symptoms; clinical diagnoses of alcohol use or anxiety disorder (at 6 months post-intervention), health-care service use, educational and employment outcomes; and quality of life. Mediators and moderators will also be assessed. Efficacy will be tested using mixed models for repeated measures within an intention-to-treat framework. The economic evaluation will analyze individual-level health and societal costs and outcomes of participants between each trial arm, while mediation models will test for mechanisms of change., Comments: This will be the first trial to test whether a developmentally targeted, web-based, integrated alcohol-anxiety intervention is effective in reducing hazardous alcohol use and anxiety severity among young adults. If successful, the integrated alcohol-anxiety program will provide an accessible intervention that can be widely disseminated to improve wellbeing of young adults, at minimal cost., (© 2024 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.)
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- 2024
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23. The mediating effect of maturity on anxiety and the motives for postponing parenthood.
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Szcześniak M, Falewicz A, Meisner M, and Grodecka K
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- Humans, Female, Adult, Male, Adolescent, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Poland, Anxiety psychology, Motivation, Parenting psychology, Parents psychology
- Abstract
Postponed parenthood is considered one of the most extensive changes in the process of family formation. Among the many reasons for deferred parenthood, those related to greater feelings of incompetence as a potential parent, self-focus, perceiving parenthood as a burden, fearing the changes that the birth of a child may bring to a person's life, financial insecurity, and worrying about the child's future seem particularly important. Since little is known about the motives for delayed parenthood in relation to anxiety and psychological maturity, the main goal of our study was to verify how these variables may be related to each other and whether maturity for parenthood mediates the direct association between anxiety and the motives for delayed parenthood. The sample consisted of 223 Polish adults (the age range of the participants was 18-44 years). The respondents completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Maturity to Parenthood Scale (MPS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Motives for Postponing Parenthood (MSMPP-18). The results showed positive correlations between anxiety and four (uncertainty, burden, change, and finance) of the six motives for postponing parenthood and postponed parenthood overall. Maturity for parenting and all its dimensions correlated negatively with anxiety and all factors of postponed parenthood, except worry about the child's future. In all six of the seven models (except "worry"), at least one of the factors of maturity to parenthood mediated the relationship between trait anxiety and motives for postponing parenthood/total score. Based on the results it can be assumed that a tendency to direct attention to a threat related to the context of child-bearing and child-rearing may lead to lower maturity to parenthood, which in turn may result in various motives for postponing parenthood., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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24. Impacts of preoperative anxiety and depression on pain and range of motion after arthroscopic frozen shoulder release: a cohort study.
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Haroun Y, Younis AS, Ebied WF, Hemida MA, and Khater AH
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- Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Adult, Pain, Postoperative psychology, Pain, Postoperative etiology, Pain, Postoperative diagnosis, Pain Measurement, Cohort Studies, Shoulder Joint surgery, Shoulder Joint physiopathology, Preoperative Period, Aged, Treatment Outcome, Arthroscopy methods, Arthroscopy adverse effects, Range of Motion, Articular physiology, Anxiety psychology, Anxiety etiology, Depression psychology, Depression etiology, Bursitis surgery, Bursitis psychology
- Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative anxiety and depression levels on baseline and postoperative pain in patients who underwent arthroscopic frozen shoulder release., Methods: The study included 59 patients with more than three months of idiopathic frozen shoulder. All patients had arthroscopic frozen shoulder release. Two patients were excluded from statistical analysis. Therefore, the statistical analysis was performed on the remaining 57 patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to HADS scores: group 1 which included 28 patients with a healthy psychological status (anxiety ≤ 7 and depression ≤ 7), and Group 2, which included 29 patients with psychological distress ( anxiety ≥ 8 or depression ≥ 8)., Results: The hallmark finding of this study is that patients complaining of frozen shoulder symptoms and having psychological distress (HADS ≥ 8) experienced higher pain scores preoperatively and at one-year follow-up after arthroscopic release. All patients showed significant improvement between the preoperative period and the one year follow-up regarding the abduction, forward flexion, external rotation at the side and the VAS pain score with a P value of 0.001., Conclusions: Arthroscopic frozen shoulder release significantly lowers the VAS pain score over the 12-month., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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25. Differential effects of perigestational consumption of sucrose-sweetened beverages on anxiety and depression-related behaviors in adult offspring: Sex disparity in a mouse model.
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Ortiz-Valladares M, Peregrino-Ramírez C, Pedraza-Medina R, and Guzmán-Muñiz J
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- Animals, Female, Mice, Pregnancy, Male, Disease Models, Animal, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Sucrose administration & dosage, Sex Characteristics, Swimming psychology, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Anxiety, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Depression etiology
- Abstract
Consumption of sucrose-sweetened drinks (SSDs) during pregnancy and breastfeeding can lead to various health and metabolism issues, but the potential impact on neurodevelopment and long-term effects remains unclear. This study aims to examine how maternal consumption of SSDs during gestation and lactation influences anxiety and depression-related behavior in adult offspring. Adult female CD-1 mice were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) or a sucrose group (SG) 2 weeks before gestation. The SG had 2 h of access to an SSD (15% w/w, 0.6 kcal/ml) for 2 weeks before mating, during pregnancy, and throughout lactation, totaling 8 weeks. Adult offspring were then evaluated for depressive-related behaviors and anxiety-related behaviors. Our findings reveal that perigestational consumption of SSDs does not lead to offspring presenting behaviors related to depression, but it does increase swimming behavior. However, maternal consumption of SSDs could impact the fighting response due to a diminished motivational component. In contrast, perigestational consumption of SSDs has apparent effects on anxiety-related behavior. Furthermore, female offspring appeared to be particularly vulnerable, exhibiting a higher anxiety index compared with controls. These findings indicate that females could be more vulnerable to the effects of maternal consumption of SSDs, being more susceptible to the presence of anxiety-related behaviors., (© 2024 International Society for Developmental Neuroscience.)
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- 2024
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26. Dermatological patients with itch report more stress, stigmatization experience, anxiety and depression compared to patients without itch: Results from a European multi-centre study.
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Zeidler C, Kupfer J, Dalgard FJ, Bewley A, Evers AWM, Gieler U, Lien L, Sampogna F, Tomas Aragones L, Vulink N, Finlay AY, Legat FJ, Titeca G, Jemec GB, Misery L, Szabó C, Grivcheva Panovska V, Spillekom van Koulil S, Balieva F, Szepietowski JC, Reich A, Ferreira BR, Lvov A, Romanov D, Marron SE, Gracia Cazaña T, Elyas A, Altunay IK, Thompson AR, van Beugen S, Ständer S, and Schut C
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Europe, Middle Aged, Adult, Skin Diseases psychology, Quality of Life, Stereotyping, Surveys and Questionnaires, Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Pruritus psychology, Depression psychology, Stress, Psychological psychology, Anxiety psychology
- Abstract
Background: Itch as the most common symptom in dermatology has been shown to be related to psychological factors such as stress, anxiety and depression. Moreover, associations were found between perceived stigmatization and itch. However, studies investigating the differences between patients with dermatoses with and without itch regarding perceived stress, stigmatization, anxiety and depression are missing. Therefore, one of the aims of the second study of the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP study II) was to investigate these relationships in a large cohort of patients with different itchy dermatoses., Results: 3399 patients with 14 different itchy dermatoses were recruited at 22 centres in 17 European countries. They filled in questionnaires to assess perceived stigmatization, stress, signs of clinically relevant anxiety or depression, itch-related quality of life, the overall health status, itch duration, frequency and intensity. The most significant association between the severity of itching and the perception of stress was observed among individuals with rosacea (correlation coefficient r = 0.314). Similarly, the strongest links between itch intensity and experiences of stigmatization, anxiety, and depression were found in patients with seborrheic dermatitis (correlation coefficients r = 0.317, r = 0.356, and r = 0.400, respectively). Utilizing a stepwise linear regression analysis, it was determined that within the entire patient cohort, 9.3% of the variation in itch intensity could be accounted for by factors including gender, levels of anxiety, depression, and perceived stigmatization. Females and individuals with elevated anxiety, depression, and perceived stigmatization scores reported more pronounced itch intensities compared to those with contrary attributes., Conclusion: This study underscores the connection between experiencing itch and its intensity and the psychological strain it places on individuals. Consequently, psychological interventions should encompass both addressing the itch itself and the interconnected psychological factors. In specific cases, it becomes imperative for dermatologists to direct individuals towards suitable healthcare resources to undergo further psychological assessment., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)
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- 2024
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27. Death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: a cross-sectional survey.
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Ying L, Yuyu D, Qinqin Z, Yu Y, Qingxuan N, and Zhihuan Z
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adult, Aged, China, Attitude to Death, Caregivers psychology, Neoplasms psychology, Anxiety etiology, Anxiety epidemiology, Quality of Life, Social Support
- Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate death anxiety (DA) in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and identify associated factors in the context of Chinese culture., Methods: Caregivers (N = 588) of advanced cancer patients in a tertiary cancer hospital completed anonymous questionnaire surveys. Measures included the Chinese version of the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (C-T-DAS), the Quality-of-Life Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation test, and linear regression., Results: Respondents returned 588 (93.03%) of the 632 questionnaires. The total C-T-DAS score was 7.92 ± 2.68 points. The top-scoring dimension was "Stress and pain" (3.19 ± 1.29 points), followed by "Emotion" (2.28 ± 1.31 points) and "Cognition" (1.40 ± 0.94 points). In contrast, the lowest-scoring dimension was "Time" (1.06 ± 0.77 points). Factors associated with DA (R
2 = 0.274, F = 13.348, p < 0.001) included quality of life (QoL), trait anxious personality, social support, caregiver length of care, caregiver gender, and patients' level of activities of daily living (ADL)., Conclusions: Our results demonstrated high levels of DA in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Generally, female caregivers and those with low social support had high DA. Caregivers caring for patients with low ADL levels or with a low QoL and trait anxious personality reported high DA. Certain associated factors help to reduce caregivers DA. Social interventions are recommended to improve the end-of-life transition and trait anxious personality as well as quality of life for caregivers., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
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28. Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in children with functional abdominal pain disorders: Data from long-term follow-up.
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Martinelli M, Strisciuglio C, Lu P, Lev MRB, Beinvogl B, Di Lorenzo C, Cenni S, Nurko S, Pearlstein H, Rosen R, Shamir R, and Staiano A
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- Humans, Child, Female, Male, Adolescent, Follow-Up Studies, Prospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Pandemics, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 complications, Quality of Life, Abdominal Pain etiology, Quarantine psychology, Anxiety epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: We aimed to compare symptom frequency and severity in children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and to evaluate anxiety, quality of life (QoL) and global health during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related quarantine and after 17 months., Methods: Children diagnosed with FAPDs between October 2019 and February 2020 at 5 different centers were enrolled and prospectively interviewed during the COVID-19 quarantine and 17 months later when schools, hospital services, and routine activities had re-opened to the public. The patients were asked to complete the Rome IV questionnaire, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) Generic Core Scale, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety and global health questionnaires. Data about COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome were also collected., Results: Ninety-nine out of 180 (55%) children completed the follow-up. The number of patients reporting a worsening of their symptoms was significantly higher at follow-up when compared to the quarantine period (24/99 [24.2%] vs. 12/99 [12.1%]; p = 0.04). The PedsQL 4.0 subtotal score at follow-up significantly decreased at 17 months of follow-up (65.57 [0-100]) when compared to the quarantine (71 [0-100], p = 0.03). Emotional functioning was the most significantly reduced (Follow-up: 64.7 [0-100] vs. Quarantine: 75 [0-100]; p = 0.006). We did not identify significant differences in symptoms and QoL between COVID-19 infected children and the remaining cohort at the two time points., Conclusions: An improvement of symptoms and QoL was observed during the quarantine, followed by a worsening at-follow-up. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that the nest effect overweighted COVID-19 fears during the quarantine and highlight the importance of psychological factors in symptom exacerbation., (© 2024 European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)
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- 2024
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29. Cancer worry at higher-risk sample of hereditary cancer in Spain.
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Costa-Requena G, Richart-Aznar P, and Segura-Huerta Á
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- Humans, Female, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Spain epidemiology, Adult, Neoplasms psychology, Neoplasms epidemiology, Risk Factors, Aged, Genetic Predisposition to Disease psychology, Stress, Psychological epidemiology, Stress, Psychological psychology, Young Adult, Depression epidemiology, Depression psychology, Prevalence, Psychological Distress, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adolescent, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety psychology
- Abstract
Background: Few studies have examined the prevalence of cancer worry in the general and at-risk population. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of cancer worry in a sample of individuals at increased risk of developing hereditary cancer, determine differences in cancer worry by socio-demographic characteristics and assess the relationship between cancer worry and psychological distress., Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with 895 patients. The Cancer Worry Scale (CWS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for psychological distress and sociodemographic characteristics were examined. The multiple linear regression model was developed to explore what variables were predicted for cancer worry. To identify variables associated with higher cancer worry scores, a logistic model was fitted., Results: In the at-higher-risk sample of hereditary cancer, the mean of CWS was 10.20 (SD: 3.70). The significant predictors for cancer worry were gender, age, previous psychiatric treatment, patients affected by cancer and having children. In the sample, 38% of patients had higher scores on cancer worry, the variables associated were patients affected by cancer compared, women, widow/divorced participants, less than secondary school, patients with previous psychiatric treatment and patients less than 55 years old. Using the HADS cutoff score 29% of the sample showed significant psychological distress, more anxiety (35%) than depressive (22%) symptomatology. Psychological distress showed a higher variability (36%) on cancer worry., Conclusion: Findings highlighted distinctive profiles in socio-demographic characteristics according to the degree of cancer worry; therefore, genetic counseling should continue to be provided to address cancer worry and relieve psychological distress., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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30. Investigation of Injury Anxiety Levels of Students Playing Sports
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Mehmet Vakif Durmusoglu and Davut Atilgan
- Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to examine the differentiation status of the participants in terms of some demographic variables in order to determine the anxiety of the students towards sports injury. This quantitative study was carried out in a descriptive survey model. The sample of the study consists of 317 participants from high school students who continue their education in schools administered by Onikisubat and Dulkadiroglu District Directorate of National Education in Kahramanmaras city center in Turkey. The data of the research are analyzed using the statistical software program Jamovi 2.3.16. As a result of the research, it has been found that the anxiety scores of the participants towards sports injury are moderate. In the sports injury anxiety scale, statistically significant differences have been found in terms of what kind of sports they do, how many days a week they do sports, and whether they are injured or injured while doing sports. As a result, with this research, students' anxiety about sports injury has been determined in terms of different variables. [For the full proceedings, see ED652228.]
- Published
- 2023
31. Academic Advisors' Mental Health, Burnout, and Resilience
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Elise Kokenge, Cassandra A. Heath, and Krista M. Soria
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if there are statistically significant relationships between academic advisors' demographic characteristics, advising-related variables, burnout, and risk for mental health disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). In February 2023, we conducted a national survey of academic advisors (n = 1,598). Advisors with higher levels of burnout had increased odds of experiencing MDD and GAD symptoms. Resilience was significantly correlated with lower MDD, GAD, and burnout levels. [For the full proceedings, see ED648717.]
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- 2023
32. The Transformation of Being in Mahmoud Darwish's 'The Dice Player': A Heideggerian Perspective
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Ghnaim, Feda, Khoury, Ogareet, Alkhawaja, Linda, Mahmoud, Hafieza Mohamm, and Badrakhan, Sawsan Saad Eddeen
- Abstract
This research paper aimed to study the transformation of Being in Mahmoud Darwish's last poem "The Dice Player" through a Heideggerian framework analysis. It took Heidegger's famous quote "The poets are in the vanguard of a changed conception of Being" as a point of departure in investigating and unveiling the assumed transformation in the Darwishian Being in the poem. By employing a descriptive-interpretative qualitative research method, the paper argued that "The Dice Player" depicted Darwish's implicit and explicit changed conception of his own Being which Heidegger called 'minemess' particularly in relation to his amour propre, his perception of Death and the 'Other'. The findings reveal that the Darwishian changed conception of Being, which was driven by his anxiety and submission to death, gave rise to a new Darwishian Being. The new Darwishian Being developed a different perception of himself ("amour propre"), death and others in "The Dice Player" when compared to his previous poems. Therefore, the paper concluded that Darwish seemingly joined "the vanguard of a changed conception of Being" by showing a transformation in his Being at three different levels.
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- 2023
33. The Mindful Interactions (MI) Tool: Promoting Student Mental Health in Tertiary Education
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Elspeth Stephenson and Helen Yost
- Abstract
This conceptual paper introduces the Mindful Interactions (MI) tool designed to enable university teaching academics to promote student mental health and in so doing, impact positively on academic outcomes. The MI tool is comprised of three elements: "understandings" to provide theoretical guidance which inform pedagogy, "practices" to provide strategies for translating theory into practice, and "guiding principles" which provide a catalyst for critical reflexion, challenge existing beliefs, and create a shared vision from which to work. Relationships are at its core, acknowledging that university students report teacher-student relationships as key to their mental health. Issues related to university student mental health, of which psychological distress is an important component, have been well documented and exacerbated since the onset of COVID-19, increasing demands on universities to meet student mental health needs. It is contended in this paper that understanding the causes of psychological distress, particularly in relation to Adverse Childhood Experiences, offers an alternative lens through which to view student mental health. This lens suggests additional ways of thinking about how university teaching academics and universities might proactively respond to student mental health needs. Cultural Historical Activity Theory informed the theoretical framework for the study, whilst two 'approaches' (the 'Three Pillars of Trauma-informed Care' and 'Trust Based Relational Intervention') along with associated trauma literature underpinned the development of the MI tool.
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- 2023
34. The Foreign Language Anxiety and Self Coping Strategies of Chinese Language Learners in Vietnam
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Jin Hua Liu, Man Jiang, and Jian Hong Ye
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the sources of Chinese learning anxiety among Chinese learners in Vietnam and the strategies and methods used to cope with anxiety. Based on the findings, we suggest effective strategies to relieve learners' learning anxiety caused by different anxiety-inducing situations. The results of this study showed that (1) seven factors, namely learners' own anxiety, teachers, peers, the characteristics of the Chinese language itself, fear of making mistakes, test anxiety and the learning environment, were the main causes of Chinese learners' anxiety. (2) When Chinese learners face anxiety, they try to cope with it through independent learning and seeking assistance from teachers. In addition, because Chinese is a challenging language, they also constantly adjust their feelings to face the learning tasks, strengthen their motivation to overcome anxiety, and increase their self-confidence in learning Chinese through repeated practice. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
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- 2023
35. Emotions in Online Language Learning: Exploratory Findings from an 'Ab Initio' Korean Course
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Nicola Fraschini and Yu Tao
- Abstract
Existing studies on language learner emotions mainly focus on Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) and Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE). They are primarily conducted in offline learning settings. This paper reports the empirical findings of an exploratory investigation conducted in a fully synchronous online learning environment for "ab initio" Korean. Through an Achievement Emotions Questionnaire administered to 117 students in an Australian university, this study measures learners' pride as well as their enjoyment and anxiety during four teaching weeks. In addition, this paper examines how learner emotions correlate with academic achievement as well as crucial learner and teacher variables. The study confirms many patterns of learner emotions in offline teaching environments, such as the association of positive emotions with positive outcomes and with some teacher characteristics, and the association of anxiety with negative outcomes. However, it also reveals patterns that appear to be new, warranting further empirical studies. The pedagogical implications of results for L2 teaching and learning are also discussed.
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- 2024
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36. Using Virtual Reality and Peer Feedback to Reduce L2 Speaking Anxiety: An Exploratory Study
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Godefridi, Isabelle, Suñer, Ferran, Leblanc, Cécile, and Meunier, Fanny
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The present study explored whether the use of Virtual Reality (VR) technology can help lower public speaking anxiety in the L2. To this end, we conducted an exploratory effect-of-instruction study using a one-group pre-test/post-test design with nine learners of English as an L2. The results from the post-test show that using VR in combination with peer feedback offers an interesting gateway to reducing public speaking anxiety. [For the complete volume, "CALL and Professionalisation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2021 (29th, Online, August 26-27, 2021)," see ED616972.]
- Published
- 2021
37. Heidegger and Freud: A comment on the paper "Truth, anxiety and the contribution of Heidegger's phenomenological ontology to psychoanalytic conceptualization and practice" by Shoshani et al.
- Author
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Lehtonen, Johannes
- Subjects
- *
ANXIETY , *ONTOLOGY , *PSYCHOANALYSIS , *PSYCHOANALYSTS - Abstract
My comment on the interdisciplinary study of Heidegger and Freud by Shoshani et al. is focused on the semantic and conceptual differences between these thinkers concerning the meaning of truth and the role of anxiety. Heidegger emphasizes truth as a philosophical goal, whereas for Freud truth is a challenge to study the dynamic functions of the human mind by avoiding predetermined answers. The authors describe convincingly how Heidegger and Freud tread on the same phenomenological terrain. Their approaches differ, however, in their respective goals. For Heidegger, the goal is a new philosophical understanding of the sense of being defined by him as Dasein. For Freud, the goal is to understand the dynamics of the human mind in a two-person clinical relationship. This difference in their goals also implies a difference in their ontological approach. On the other hand, Shoshani et al. highlight the value of Heidegger's view of anxiety as a trigger that calls for a search for increased understanding. According to the authors, this point is important, as it opens a shared humane way to treat people with severely disturbed mental conditions. In this respect, the understanding of the meaning of anxiety by Heidegger can also inspire clinical work and thereby open perspectives common with psychoanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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38. A retrospective study of differences in patients' anxiety and satisfaction between paper-based and computer-based tools for "Shared Decision-Making".
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Chen, Jung-Chen, Tsai, Shang-Feng, and Liu, Shih-An
- Subjects
- *
SATISFACTION , *POCKET computers , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *ANXIETY , *PATIENT satisfaction , *KNOWLEDGE acquisition (Expert systems) , *DECISION making - Abstract
We aimed to investigate differences in patients' anxiety and satisfaction between patients undergoing paper-based patient decision aid (PDA) for shared decision-making (SDM) and those receiving computer-based PDA. We retrospectively collected questionnaires before and after SDM. Basic demographic data as well as anxiety, satisfaction, knowledge acquisition, and participation in SDM were recorded. We divided our population into subgroups according to use of paper-based or computer-based PDA. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the relationships among variables. In total, 304 patients who visited our Division of Nephrology were included in the final analysis. Overall, over half of the patients felt anxiety (n = 217, 71.4%). Near half of the patients felt a reduction in anxiety after SDM (n = 143, 47.0%) and 281 patients (92.4%) were satisfied with the whole process of SDM. When we divided all the patients based on use of paper-based or computer-based PDA, the reduction of anxiety level was greater in the patients who underwent paper-based PDA when compared with that of those who underwent computer-based PDA. However, there was no significant difference in satisfaction between the two groups. Paper-based PDA was as effective as computer-based PDA. Further studies comparing different types of PDA are warranted to fill the knowledge gaps in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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39. The Impact of School Closures on Learners' Mental Health in the Context of COVID-19 in the City of Cape Town
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Thulani Andrew Chauke and Olusegun Samson Obadire
- Abstract
This paper explores the negative impact of the shutdown of contact-based learning on learners' mental health as a result of COVID-19 and provides recommendations to promote learners' mental health during and post COVID-19. A qualitative research method was used to guide the collection and analysis of the data. Data was collected from a sample of 20 learners from Cape Town and analysed through thematic analysis. The study findings revealed that with the shutdown of contact-based learning as one of the COVID-19 containment measures by the government learners experienced social anxiety disorder and sleeping disorder. Youth policymakers need to design interventions that promote mental health in after-school programmes implemented by qualified youth workers and social workers. Youth workers should take the courses of action in a non-formal education to promote youth mental health.
- Published
- 2024
40. Psychological Applications and Trends 2024
- Author
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Clara Pracana, Michael Wang, Clara Pracana, and Michael Wang
- Abstract
This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2024, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS), held in International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2024, held in Porto, Portugal, from 20 to 22 of April 2024. This conference serves as a platform for scholars, researchers, practitioners, and students to come together and share their latest findings, ideas, and insights in the field of psychology. InPACT 2024 received 526 submissions, from more than 43 different countries all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take the form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. 189 submissions (overall, 36% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation at the conference.
- Published
- 2024
41. The entangled becoming in humanities doctoral education
- Author
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Nuriler, Hatice and Bengtsen, Søren S.E.
- Published
- 2024
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42. Temporal uncertainty in disease diagnosis.
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Hofmann B
- Subjects
- Humans, Uncertainty, Knowledge, Risk Factors, Anxiety, Fear
- Abstract
There is a profound paradox in modern medical knowledge production: The more we know, the more we know that we (still) do not know. Nowhere is this more visible than in diagnostics and early detection of disease. As we identify ever more markers, predictors, precursors, and risk factors of disease ever earlier, we realize that we need knowledge about whether they develop into something experienced by the person and threatening to the person's health. This study investigates how advancements in science and technology alter one type of uncertainty, i.e., temporal uncertainty of disease diagnosis. As diagnosis is related to anamnesis and prognosis it identifies how uncertainties in all these fields are interconnected. In particular, the study finds that uncertainty in disease diagnosis has become more subject to prognostic uncertainty because diagnosis is more connected to technologically detected indicators and less closely connected to manifest and experienced disease. These temporal uncertainties pose basic epistemological and ethical challenges as they can result in overdiagnosis, overtreatment, unnecessary anxiety and fear, useless and even harmful diagnostic odysseys, as well as vast opportunity costs. The point is not to stop our quest for knowledge about disease but to encourage real diagnostic improvements that help more people in ever better manner as early as possible. To do so, we need to pay careful attention to specific types of temporal uncertainty in modern diagnostics., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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43. Dad told symptoms could be solved by 'breathing into a bag' -but it was a deadly disease; Keith Evans, from Bulkington, Warwickshire, was initially told by medics to 'breathe into a paper bag' when he felt anxious, but he was eventually given a devastating diagnosis
- Subjects
Physicians ,Charities ,Anxiety ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Byline: By, Ben Barry & Bradley Jolly A father was misdiagnosed with anxiety and told to 'breathe into a paper bag' -when he actually had brain cancer. Keith Evans died [...]
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- 2023
44. Mobile Diary App Versus Paper-Based Diary Cards for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder:Economic Evaluation
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Lars Holger Ehlers, Sabrina Storgaard Sørensen, Stig Helweg-Jørgensen, Sidsel Lund Laursen, Mia Beck Lichtenstein, Kim Mathiasen, Astrid Langergaard, and Jesper Søndergaard
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Economic Evaluation ,dialectical behavior therapy ,Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Health Informatics ,Anxiety ,Suicidal Ideation ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,Borderline Personality Disorder ,law ,mobile app ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,mHealth ,Borderline personality disorder ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Original Paper ,mobile phone ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Mobile Applications ,Focus group ,Dialectical behavior therapy ,psychotherapy ,cost-consequence ,Economic evaluation ,business ,borderline personality disorder - Abstract
Background: The cost-effectiveness of using a mobile diary app as an adjunct in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in patientswith borderline personality disorder is unknown.Objective: This study aims to perform an economic evaluation of a mobile diary app compared with paper-based diary cardsin DBT treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder in a psychiatric outpatient facility.Methods: This study was conducted alongside a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. The participants wererecruited at 5 Danish psychiatric outpatient facilities and were randomized to register the emotions, urges, and skills used in amobile diary app or on paper-based diary cards. The participants in both groups received DBT delivered by the therapists. Acost-consequence analysis with a time horizon of 12 months was performed. Consequences included quality-adjusted life years(QALYs), depression severity, borderline severity, suicidal behavior, health care use, treatment compliance, and system usability.All relevant costs were included. Focus group interviews were conducted with patients, therapists, researchers, and industryrepresentatives to discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of using a mobile diary app.Results: A total of 78 participants were included in the analysis. An insignificantly higher number of participants in the papergroup dropped out before the start of treatment (P=.07). Of those starting treatment, participants in the app group had an averageof 37.1 (SE 27.55) more days of treatment and recorded an average of 3.16 (SE 5.10) more skills per week than participants inthe paper group. Participants in both groups had a QALY gain and a decrease in depression severity, borderline severity, andsuicidal behavior. Significant differences were found in favor of the paper group for both QALY gain (adjusted difference −0.054;SE 0.03) and reduction in depression severity (adjusted difference −1.11; SE 1.57). The between-group difference in total costsranged from US $107.37 to US $322.10 per participant during the 12 months. The use of services in the health care sector wassimilar across both time points and groups (difference: psychiatric hospitalization and 2.02; SE 3.19). Overall, the patients showed high acceptability and considered the app as being easy to use. Therapists worriedabout potential negative influences on the therapist-patient interaction from new work tasks accompanying the introduction ofthe new technology but pointed at innovation potential from digital database registrations.Conclusions: This study suggests both positive and negative consequences of mobile diary apps as adjuncts to DBT comparedwith paper diary cards. More research is needed to draw conclusions regarding its cost-effectiveness. Background:The cost-effectiveness of using a mobile diary app as an adjunct in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in patients with borderline personality disorder is unknown.Objective:This study aims to perform an economic evaluation of a mobile diary app compared with paper-based diary cards in DBT treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder in a psychiatric outpatient facility.Methods:This study was conducted alongside a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. The participants were recruited at 5 Danish psychiatric outpatient facilities and were randomized to register the emotions, urges, and skills used in a mobile diary app or on paper-based diary cards. The participants in both groups received DBT delivered by the therapists. A cost-consequence analysis with a time horizon of 12 months was performed. Consequences included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), depression severity, borderline severity, suicidal behavior, health care use, treatment compliance, and system usability. All relevant costs were included. Focus group interviews were conducted with patients, therapists, researchers, and industry representatives to discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of using a mobile diary app.Results:A total of 78 participants were included in the analysis. An insignificantly higher number of participants in the paper group dropped out before the start of treatment (P=.07). Of those starting treatment, participants in the app group had an average of 37.1 (SE 27.55) more days of treatment and recorded an average of 3.16 (SE 5.10) more skills per week than participants in the paper group. Participants in both groups had a QALY gain and a decrease in depression severity, borderline severity, and suicidal behavior. Significant differences were found in favor of the paper group for both QALY gain (adjusted difference −0.054; SE 0.03) and reduction in depression severity (adjusted difference −1.11; SE 1.57). The between-group difference in total costs ranged from US $107.37 to US $322.10 per participant during the 12 months. The use of services in the health care sector was similar across both time points and groups (difference: psychiatric hospitalization Conclusions:This study suggests both positive and negative consequences of mobile diary apps as adjuncts to DBT compared with paper diary cards. More research is needed to draw conclusions regarding its cost-effectiveness.
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- 2021
45. Quality of life and death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the moderating effect of social support.
- Author
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Ying L, Yuyu D, Qinqin Z, and Zhihuan Z
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Attitude to Death, Surveys and Questionnaires, Quality of Life psychology, Caregivers psychology, Neoplasms psychology, Social Support, Anxiety psychology, Anxiety etiology, Personality
- Abstract
Purpose: To explore the mediating role of trait anxious personality in the association between quality of life (QoL) and death anxiety (DA), as well as to test the moderating effect of social support in the mediation model., Methods: The Death Anxiety Scale, Quality of Life Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale were used to measure 588 family caregivers of advanced cancer patients. We then constructed a moderated mediation model., Results: The presence of QoL was negatively associated with DA (β = - 0.67, p < 0.01). Trait anxious personality partially mediated the relationship between QoL and DA (indirect effect β = - 0.08, p < 0.01). Social support moderated both the antecedent and subsequent segments of the mediating paths of "QoL → trait anxious personality → DA" and the direct relationship between QoL and DA. Among caregivers with a low level of social support, the mediating effect coefficient of trait anxious personality was higher at 0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.059-0.182), in contrast to caregivers with a high level of social support, where the mediating effect coefficient of trait anxious personality was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.029-0.072)., Conclusion: QoL is directly associated with an increased risk of DA and indirectly related to DA by increasing the risk of trait anxious personality among caregivers. Social support can moderate the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the relationship between QoL and DA. The intervention strategy for preventing DA among caregivers who have encountered QoL reduction should focus on reducing trait anxious personality and social support., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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46. Signs of front-line healthcare professionals' information anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: Grounded theory study in a Wuhan hospital.
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Lu Q, Tao L, Peng X, and Chen J
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- Humans, China epidemiology, Female, Male, Adult, SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel psychology, Pandemics, Middle Aged, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Grounded Theory, Anxiety psychology, Qualitative Research
- Abstract
Aim: Being front-line healthcare professionals is associated with possible severe information anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Investigating signs of information anxiety is the first and key step of its targeted medical intervention. This study aims to explore the signs of front-line healthcare professionals' information anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic., Design: This study is qualitative research. Grounded theory was used to classify information anxiety signs of front-line healthcare professionals., Methods: Twenty-four front-line healthcare professionals from a general hospital with over 5000 beds in Wuhan were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. According to the frequency and frequency variation of signs appearing in interviews, the trends of signs during the virus encounter, lockdown, flattening and second wave were compared. Based on the interviews, those signs that were conceptually related to each other were extracted to construct a conceptual model., Results: Psychological signs (emotion, worry, doubt, caution, hope), physical signs (insomnia, inattention, memory loss, appetite decreased) and behavioural signs (panic buying of goods, be at a loss, pay attention to relevant information, change habits) could be generalized from 13 subcategories of information anxiety signs. Psychological signs were the most in every period of the pandemic. Furthermore, psychological signs decreased significantly during lockdown, while behavioural and physical signs increased. Finally, severe psychological and behavioural signs were associated with physical signs., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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47. Associations between social engagement, internalizing symptoms, and delusional ideation in the general population.
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Hall LM, Moussa-Tooks AB, and Sheffield JM
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Psychotic Disorders psychology, Psychotic Disorders epidemiology, Young Adult, Aged, Adolescent, Social Participation psychology, Self Report, Social Support, Delusions psychology, Delusions epidemiology, Depression psychology, Depression epidemiology, Anxiety psychology, Anxiety epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Delusions are a hallmark feature of psychotic disorders and lead to significant clinical and functional impairment. Internalizing symptoms-such as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and trauma exposure-are commonly cited to be related to delusions and delusional ideation and are often associated with deficits in social functioning. While emerging studies are investigating the impact of low social engagement on psychotic-like experiences, little work has examined the relationship between social engagement, internalizing symptoms, and delusional ideation, specifically., Methods: Using general population data from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland (NKI-Rockland) database (N = 526), we examined the relationships between self-reported delusional ideation, internalizing symptoms, and social engagement and tested four indirect effect models to understand how these factors interrelate., Results: Delusional ideation was significantly associated with both increased internalizing symptoms (r = 0.41, p < 0.001) and lower social engagement (r = - 0.14, p = 0.001). Within aspects of social engagement, perceived emotional support showed the strongest relationship with delusional ideation (r = - 0.17, p < 0.001). Lower social engagement was also significantly associated with increased internalizing symptoms (r = - 0.29, p < 0.001). Cross-sectional models suggest that internalizing symptoms have a significant indirect effect on the association between delusional ideation and social engagement., Conclusions: These findings reveal that elevated delusional ideation in the general population is associated with lower social engagement. Elevated internalizing symptoms appear to play a critical role in reducing engagement, possibly exacerbating delusional thinking. Future work should examine the causal and temporal relationships between these factors., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.)
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- 2024
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48. A large-scale study on the prevalence of math anxiety in Qatar.
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Megreya AM, Al-Emadi AA, Al-Ahmadi AM, Moustafa AA, and Szűcs D
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- Humans, Qatar epidemiology, Male, Female, Prevalence, Adolescent, Child, Anxiety epidemiology, Students psychology, Students statistics & numerical data, Mathematics
- Abstract
Background: Math anxiety (MA) is a worldwide appearing academic anxiety that can affect student mental health and deter students from math and science-related career choices., Method: Using the Arabic version of the Modified-Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (m-AMAS), the prevalence of MA was investigated in a very large sample of students (N = 10093) from grades 7 to 12 in Qatar., Results: The results showed a better fit to the original two-factor model of the m-AMAS (learning MA and Evaluation MA) than to a single-factor solution. This two-factor model was also confirmed in each grade. Notably, the distribution of MA scores was right-skewed, especially for learning MA. Using the inter-quartiles ranges, norms for MA were provided: A score of ≤16 indicates low MA whereas a score of ≥30 identifies high MA. Previous studies conducted in Western countries defined high math-anxious students as those who score above the 90th percentile corresponding to a score of 30 on the m-AMAS. Using this cut-off criterion, the current study found that one-fifth of students in Qatar were highly math-anxious, with a higher proportion of females than males. We also calculated the percentage of participants selecting each response category for each questionnaire item. Results showed that attending a long math class was the context that elicited the highest levels of learning MA. In contrast, having an unexpected math test was the situation that triggered the highest levels of evaluation MA., Conclusion: The prevalence of MA might vary across different cultures., (© 2024 British Psychological Society.)
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- 2024
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49. Associations between discrimination experiences and symptoms of depression and anxiety among transgender adults: a nationwide cohort study of 269 transgender adults in South Korea.
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Choo S, Kim R, Lee H, Eom YJ, Yi H, Kim R, and Kim SS
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Republic of Korea epidemiology, Adult, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Cohort Studies, Transgender Persons psychology, Transgender Persons statistics & numerical data, Depression epidemiology, Depression psychology, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety psychology, Social Stigma
- Abstract
Purpose: Recently, there has been an increase in awareness of social stigma and mental health issues experienced by transgender individuals in South Korea. To provide quantitative evidence, we conducted a nationwide cohort study of transgender adults, first of its kind in Asia. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and examine their associations with discrimination experiences among transgender adults., Methods: We conducted a two-wave longitudinal survey of 269 Korean transgender adults, where the baseline was collected in October 2020 and the follow-up in October 2021. Experiences of discrimination in the past 12 months at follow-up were categorized accordingly: those who experienced (1) none, (2) only anti-transgender discrimination, (3) only other types of discrimination, and (4) both anti-transgender and other types of discrimination. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale at both waves and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 only at follow-up. We used modified Poisson regression to examine the association between experiences of discrimination and mental health outcomes at follow-up and adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and baseline depressive symptoms., Results: A total of 63.9% had depressive symptoms and 47.2% had anxiety symptoms. Participants who experienced both anti-transgender and other types of discrimination had 1.38-times (95% CI 1.06-1.81) and 1.77-times (95% CI 1.16-2.70) higher prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively, compared to those without any experiences of discrimination., Conclusions: Interventions to lessen discrimination towards transgender individuals are needed for the promotion of mental health among transgender individuals., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.)
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- 2024
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50. Investigating the Structure of the CESD-R and DASS-21 Across Adults with Low and High Levels of Autistic Traits.
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McKernan EP and Russo N
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Stress, Psychological psychology, Adolescent, Autistic Disorder psychology, Autistic Disorder diagnosis, Psychometrics, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Autism Spectrum Disorder psychology, Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis, Anxiety psychology, Anxiety diagnosis, Depression diagnosis, Depression psychology, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
- Abstract
The current study examined factorial invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) using a convenience sample of 434 adults surveyed though Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were sorted into two groups based on their score on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Results indicated that the CESD-R did not demonstrate configural invariance. The DASS-21 demonstrated evidence of scalar invariance, indicating cross-group equality in factor loadings and factor intercepts. Findings suggest that the DASS-21 measures symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress consistently across individuals with high and low levels of ASD-related traits, whereas the CESD-R may not be valid when assessing symptoms of depression in those with a high level of ASD-related traits., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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