57,581 results on '"CHILDREN"'
Search Results
2. Analysis of Child Development Based on Development Psychological Theory
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Romi Fajar Tanjung, Sigit Dwi Sucipto, Khadijah Lubis, Yuni Dwi Suryani, and Minarsi Minarsi
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Children are unique humans and experience varied development even though they are of the same gene or the same sex but grow and develop according to their respective characteristics. Of course, this condition also demands adjustments in providing appropriate and varied stimuli and responses. This study aims to observe the growth and development of children to explore the growth and development of children and see the reactions generated by children if given a specific stimulus. This research method uses longitudinal case studies. The respondents of this study were three children. The study found that children's cognitive, psychosocial and moral development can be developed by conditioning the child and the child's environment. Children's health and a conducive environment play an essential role in determining children's growth and development. Maternal health and parental cooperation also determine the growth and development of the child.
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- 2024
3. Unlocking Social Growth: The Impact of Applied Behavior Analysis on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Nisar Abid, Sarfraz Aslam, Asmaa Azeem, and Sharareh Shahidi-Hamedani
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is significantly known as social interaction impairment that can be reduced through early school-age intervention. The quasi-experimental research design was used to examine the effect of applied behavior analysis treatment on ASD children's interpersonal skills. The researchers used a purposive sampling technique to select 30 participants who have symptoms of ASD, which were divided into two groups (control and experimental) without gender discrimination. The assessment of basic language and learning skills (ABLLS-R) protocol and portage guide of early education was used to develop a questionnaire comprising four factors. The results indicate a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of students' interpersonal skills and the pretest and post-test scores of the experimental group. It is suggested that parents and therapists should develop a sharing ability among children with autism symptoms so they can understand social reinforcement.
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- 2024
4. Teaching AI to the Next Generation: A Humanistic Approach
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Anna Trifonova, Mariela Destéfano, and Mario Barajas
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This article proposes a comprehensive AI curriculum tailored for young learners aged 11 to 14, emphasizing a humanistic approach. We review other AI curricula proposals for children and young people and underline that they focus primarily on AI's technological benefits and on learning coding and logic. Our curriculum explores human cognition that is often overlooked in existing AI curriculum. Our proposal combines learning through construction, reflective discussions and project-based learning in order to approach AI from variety of angles. Implemented by CreaTIC Academy during 2023/24 school year as an out-of-school activity in a secondary (middle) school in Barcelona, Spain, this curriculum integrates technological, philosophical, cognitive, and cultural dimensions. It draws from diverse fields, including Philosophy of Mind, Cognitive Psychology and Philosophy of Children, and includes practical coding with tools like Scratch and AppInventor, as well as Machine Learning for Kids. Designed to be adaptable across various socio-economic contexts, our approach aims to promote a broader liberal education for children and help teachers implement AI activities in their classrooms.
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- 2024
5. Appropriate Identification of Children with Disabilities for Idea Services: A Report from Recent National Estimates. NCEE 2024-004r
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National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE) (ED/IES), Mathematica, Ijun Lai, Stephen Lipscomb, and Amy Johnson
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Appropriately identifying children with disabilities--in ways that are timely, comprehensive, and accurate--is critical for ensuring that learners receive the supports they need to meet early milestones and succeed in school. In turn, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) charges states and school districts with: (1) finding all children, birth through age 21, suspected of having a disability; (2) evaluating them to determine if they are eligible for IDEA services; and (3) measuring and addressing racial or ethnic disparities in who is identified. Since IDEA's reauthorization in 2004, there is greater access to data and more sophisticated approaches to screen for and detect certain disabilities, an increasingly diverse child population, and new regulations on how to measure disparities in identification. This report examines how state and district practices during the 2019-2020 school year aligned with IDEA's goals of appropriate identification.
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- 2024
6. The Public, Parents, and K-12 Education: A National Polling Report [April 2024]
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EdChoice and Morning Consult
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This poll was conducted between April 4-8, 2024 among a sample of 2,257 Adults. The interviews were conducted online and the data were weighted to approximate a target sample of Adults based on gender, educational attainment, age, race, and region. Results based on the full survey have a measure of precision of plus or minus 2.41 percentage points. Among the key findings are: (1) In April, at least one-third of parents have a child attending a microschool or are interested in learning more about microschools. When given a more detailed description of a "microschool," parents appear to have less interest; (2) Among microschool parents, 28% say instruction is completely virtual or online, though only 4 percent of parents interested in microschooling would prefer this instruction style; and (3) Parents say the most important considerations when choosing a microschool for their child are teaching a different curriculum than the local public schools, state accreditation, and state-licensed educators. This report highlights findings pertaining to: (1) Views on K-12 Education; (2) Schooling and Experiences; (3) K-12 Choice Profiles; and (4) Survey Profile and Demographics.
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- 2024
7. Kentucky Disability Resource Manual. A Handbook of Program Descriptions, Eligibility Criteria, and Contact Information. Updated
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University of Kentucky, Human Development Institute
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This manual was designed primarily for use by people with disabilities. The hope is that it is also useful for families, as well as service coordinators and providers who directly assist families and individuals with disabilities. The focus of this manual is to provide easy-to-read information about available resources, and to provide immediate contact information for the purpose of applying for services and/or locating additional information. Sections include: (1) Resources for Children with Disabilities; (2) Healthcare and Insurance Resources; (3) Assistive Technology; (4) Education; (5) Community Living; (6) Employment Resources; (7) Financial Resources; and (8) Additional Resources.
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- 2024
8. Study of the Effect of the Presence of a Pet on the Positive Social Behavior of a Child with Pervasive Developmental Disorders -- Autism Spectrum
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Artemis Ntrizari
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This study approaches the issue of autism in a case study. Specifically, it investigates how three key points in the daily life of a child on the autism spectrum change in the presence of a pet: social behavior, empathy and irritability. The aim is to study how the pet affects the child's daily life in the above points. The questions that are asked concern the close environment of the child, in order to be able to compare the situation before and after the presence of the pet. Teachers from the child's school and family environment participate in the survey. Questionnaires and personal interviews are used to collect information. The interviews are based on Goodman's S.D.Q (2005). The bibliography will refer to the method of Animal Assisted therapy- pet therapy, which concerns the treatment of syndromes, diseases, anxiety, disorders, through animals. The research questions that arise refer to improving the socialization of people with autism, increasing their social interaction and creating relationships and expressing their emotions. Then the data collected is analyzed and the conclusions of the research are drawn.
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- 2024
9. Raising Awareness of Sustainable Development Goals in Higher Education Institutions
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Harika Suklun and Elif Bengü
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Higher education institutions play a crucial role in advancing sustainable development goals. They bear the responsibility of informing and encouraging all stakeholders, including faculty members, students, and industry partners, to collaborate towards achieving these goals. While many universities are integrating Sustainable Development Goals into their operations and educational programs, there is an increasing need to establish collaborative platforms with private sectors and non-governmental organizations to further champion this agenda. Educating the future workforce is a key responsibility of these institutions, and they should actively raise students' awareness of these goals, enabling them to develop competencies related to sustainability. This study aims to explore how higher education institutions can effectively raise awareness of sustainable development goals. In addition, the research contributes to the literature by presenting a curriculum designed in a Turkish higher education institution to foster awareness of sustainable development goals. The findings hold the potential to significantly enrich existing literature on awareness-raising practices and the promotion of sustainability strategies, extending beyond higher education institutions to organizations at large.
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- 2024
10. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Ages 5-17 Years: United States, 2020-2022. NCHS Data Brief. No. 499
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National Center for Health Statistics (DHHS/PHS), Cynthia Reuben, and Nazik Elgaddal
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders of childhood. It is characterized by a pattern of inattention, impulsivity, or hyperactivity that leads to functional impairment experienced in multiple settings. Symptoms of ADHD occur during childhood, and many children continue to have symptoms and impairment through adolescence and into adulthood. This report describes the percentage of children and adolescents ages 5-17 years who had ever been diagnosed with ADHD from the 2020-2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).
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- 2024
11. Chronic School Absenteeism for Health-Related Reasons among Children Ages 5-17 Years: United States, 2022. NCHS Data Brief. No. 498
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National Center for Health Statistics (DHHS/PHS), Lindsey I. Black, and Nazik Elgaddal
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Chronic school absenteeism can lead to poorer academic performance and school engagement for students. It is also a risk factor for school dropout, which is associated with many long-term health impacts. This report uses data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to describe the percentage of children ages 5-17 who experienced chronic school absenteeism due to illness, injury, or disability by sociodemographic and health factors.
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- 2024
12. Expanding the Perspectives and Research Foundation for the Strengthening Families & Youth Thrive Frameworks
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Center for the Study of Social Policy (CSSP) and Charlyn Harper Browne
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The Center for the Study of Social Policy (CSSP) developed the "Strengthening Families Approach and Protective Factors Framework" (SF) and the "Youth Thrive Protective and Promotive Factors Framework" (YT) in response to an urgent need in the fields of child maltreatment prevention and youth services to shift from a primary goal of identifying risk factors and "fixing" problems to elevating the goal of building attributes, relationships, knowledge, skills, and resources that maximize the potential of children, youth, and families. These research-informed frameworks address the two most significant developmental periods in the lifespan: early childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this report is to expand the perspectives and research evidence that inform the SF and YT frameworks by addressing key issues not highlighted in the initial SF and YT research foundation reports. It is intended to broaden understandings about the challenges children, youth, and parents face and ways to promote a trajectory of healthy development and well-being. The report includes research and perspectives by racially and ethnically diverse scholars to ensure that the explanations of key constructs and pathways to healthy development and well-being are not limited to a single ethnocentric perspective. Also, it is informed by perspectives of SF and YT thought partners, practitioners, and young adults which were shared during several listening sessions undertaken in 2023.
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- 2024
13. Development and Validation of the IS-C Psychometric Tool for Evaluating Children's Impulsivity
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Fatma Özgün Öztürk and Ganime Can Gür
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This research aims to develop an instrument for the evaluation of impulsivity traits in children and to examine the psychometric features of the developed scale. The process of developing the scale involved three main phases: namely, item generation, evaluation of content validity, and analysis of psychometric properties. The study sample comprised 319 children (68 females, 201 males) aged 5-18, all diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including 50 who underwent pilot testing. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to assess the factor structure of the scale, resulting in an 18-item scale encompassing motor impulsivity, non-planning impulsivity, and attention-related impulsivity factors. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis "(CFA)" indicated a satisfactory model-data fit. The overall scale demonstrated high reliability, with Cronbach's Alpha coefficients reaching 0.863. The analyses indicated that the scale is both valid and reliable.
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- 2024
14. Notes from the Field: From the Cave to the Silver Screen -- The Questions Raised by Moving Images
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Sezer Demir
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Cinema has become indispensable to the world since the Lumiere Brothers shot the first film in the history of cinema, "Arrival of a Train." While it promised a captivating experience for audiences, those in power sought ways to exploit cinema and found it relatively easy to do so. Even Hitler sought refuge in cinema during the 1936 Olympics, using Leni Riefenstahl's "Olimpia" to justify his power, achieving partial success. In essence, cinema served as a functional tool for power-building while continuing to captivate viewers as a remarkable spectacle. Beyond its role in power dynamics, cinema, often referred to as the "7th art," remains a means for artists to express themselves and share their creative productions with the masses. In my role within the education world, I observe that cinema, which has substantial intellectual value and global impact, is underutilized. Thus, in this essay I will endeavor to convey how I utilize cinema in the realm of philosophy for children--a subject I have been joyfully working on for some time.
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- 2024
15. From Gym Crow to P4C: Recontextualizing P4C's Reasonableness within the Racial Politics of the 1960s
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Jonathan Wurtz
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As the story is often told, P4C was established after Matthew Lipman, then a professor of education at Columbia University, observed a deficiency in reasoning skills among his students and colleagues during the student protest of April 1968. Lipman pondered whether there might be a way to enhance the critical thinking skills of individuals through an educational reform; and thus, P4C was born. Consequently, Lipman and P4C are frequently presented as beacons of hope for a more sustainable democratic future in the face of systemic discrimination, pervasive private interests and corruption, and the erosion of justice. I contend that this narrative relies on the delegitimization of a successful grassroots anti-racist campaign against the aggressive gentrification of Black and Puerto Rican families that Columbia had undertaken. Building on Darren Chetty's critique of reasonableness in P4C, I present the conventional narrative of P4C's origin as an instance of reasonableness' gatekeeping function in philosophy for children. I specifically argue that the narrative of Columbia 1968 serves as an explicit example of how reasonableness can silence successful pro-Black educational reforms by labeling the actions of students as "unreasonable". In other words, this paper highlights a significant oversight in P4C practitioners' awareness of their own discipline, particularly in relation to the racial politics of the 1960s.
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- 2024
16. Notes from the Field: Argument Mapping in Philosophical Dialogue with Young Thinkers
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Ediz Dikmelik
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Philosophy for/with Children (P4wC) is a pedagogical practice that aims to enhance thinking skills through group dialogue. One way it achieves this goal is by providing exposure to arguments. In a philosophical group dialogue, participants encounter, examine, or construct arguments. These arguments not only emerge spontaneously during discussions but are also integrated into specific activities, some of which draw from the history of philosophy. This report comprises four parts detailing the use of argument maps in P4wc sessions.
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- 2024
17. Notes from the Field: Philosophy Workshop Experience at 'Life with Children' Camp
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Deniz Koyuncu
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This article describes the author's experience as a specialist working at a nature-based sleepaway camp for children and their families in Antalya Geyikbayiri. The camp was organized by a psychotherapist and three expert instructors to enhance the connections between parents and children, other children and parents present, and with the natural world, enabling everyone to gain different perspectives. The workshops are diverse and include activities such as nature discovery walks, awareness activities in nature, music sessions, philosophy workshops, movement exercises, circus arts, creative arts, storytelling, and rock climbing. With the support of natural settings throughout the different philosophy workshops, the participants gain insights into their perspectives on specific subjects, recognize beliefs accepted without much contemplation, understand their thought patterns, identify contradictions, and explore the possibilities of thinking differently. Their opinions may evolve, becoming clearer, more uncertain, or even changing altogether through interacting with other participants, the examples and counterexamples they provide, and the questions posed by the instructors and participants.
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- 2024
18. Disparate Effects of Disruptive Events on Children
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Florencia Torche, Jason Fletcher, and Jennie E. Brand
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Disruptive events such as economic recessions, natural disasters, job loss, and divorce are highly prevalent among American families. These events can have a long-lasting impact when experienced during childhood, potentially altering academic achievement, socioemotional well-being, health and development, and later life socioeconomic status. Much research has considered the overall impact of disruptive events on children's lives, but the consequences of disruption also vary across groups. The same event may have profound negative consequences for some groups, minor or no impact for others, and even be a generative or positive turning point for other groups. This issue focuses on the disparate consequences of disruptive events on children. We consider theoretical approaches accounting for effect heterogeneity and methodological challenges in identifying unequal impacts. We also review an emerging multidisciplinary literature accounting for variation in the impact of disruption across several widely studied domains that affect children's life chances, including economic, household, educational, health, and environmental events.
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- 2024
19. Floods and Children's Education in Rural India
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Nazar Khalid, Jere Behrman, Emily Hannum, and Amrit Thapa
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Floods cause extensive damage in high-income countries, including the United States, but problems are more severe in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that lack preventative and mitigating infrastructure. Marginalized children's education in LMICs might be particularly vulnerable. Using the Indian Human Development Survey, we investigate flood exposure implications for the education of school-age rural children, paying particular attention to children from marginalized groups. Results show that lower-caste Hindu, Muslim, and poorer children with less-educated parents in agricultural households are more likely to experience flooding. Interactions between flooding and marginalization characteristics indicate that flood exposure is associated with disproportionately negative learning outcomes for girls and that economic resources may mitigate flood exposure effects on delayed school progress. While greater exposures for marginalized groups are concerning, the limited number and modest magnitudes of documented negative effect heterogeneities for marginalized children are somewhat better news.
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- 2024
20. Incorporating Books as Strength-Based Examples of Characters with Dyslexia
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Vera Sotirovska and Margaret Vaughn
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Incorporating books that facilitate inclusive understandings of dyslexia can be a challenging yet important pedagogical approach to promoting equitable practices. As realistically portrayed characters and stories provide a way for students to see not only themselves but also others, and enter different worlds, the need for multiple representations of children with dyslexia is necessary when working to create equity-oriented classrooms. First, we discuss strategies on how to select and use books with diverse representations of individuals with dyslexia. Next, we provide book selection criteria to guide teachers in curating their own classroom libraries with similar texts. Finally, we include activities and a list of books that teachers can incorporate into their classrooms to facilitate strength-based discussions about dyslexia.
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- 2024
21. Behavioral Health and Trauma-Informed Integration in Afterschool: An Innovative Approach to Prevention and Early Intervention
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Erica D. Kelsey
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Community-based youth-serving organizations are often seen by participants and their families as safe and supportive environments with no stigma attached to participation. Many children attend community-based afterschool programs five days a week. In such an environment, trusted adults can consistently monitor the moods and behaviors of participants. Thus, afterschool programs that successfully and effectively integrate behavioral health services can reduce barriers and increase equity in access to high-quality behavioral healthcare. The author's organization, Boys & Girls Clubs of St. Joseph County (BGCSJC) in South Bend, Indiana, has successfully implemented an integrated behavioral health model into its out-of-school time (OST) programming. Other OST organizations may consider integrating components of behavioral health into their programming in order to address the unmet mental health needs of their young participants.
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- 2024
22. The Families of Special Needs Children from the Perspective of Vulnerability
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Darja Plavcak
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Difficult life circumstances can make anyone vulnerable. For example, families of children with special needs are at risk, as are families facing other stressful circumstances, such as poverty or parental mental illness. This article builds on previous action research by Plavcak (2020) and introduces a new research problem. We conducted a qualitative analysis of action diary data to answer two new research questions: 1) In what forms did vulnerability appear in students' families, and 2) What approaches did professionals use to reduce perceived vulnerability? Our findings suggest that families of children with special needs should be approached with sensitivity, flexibility, and balanced interventions. It is important to understand families in the context of their lives, including the emotional stages of caring for a child with special needs and other difficult circumstances they may face. Interventions should be tailored to the specific needs of families and developed collaboratively with them.
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- 2024
23. Shaping Futures: Unveiling the Impact of Service Models on the Behavioral Health of Vulnerable Children
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Hadiye Kucukkaragoz, Rukiye Uslu, and Rusen Meylani
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This study examines the association between the boarding protection/care service models offered by the General Directorate of Social Services and Child Protection Agency and the behavioral and emotional problems children and adolescents under protection or care. The relational scanning model guided the preparation of the study sample. The study's scope included an analysis of 296 children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 who needed protection or care. Various service models benefit the kids, including children's homes, orphanages, and nursery schools. Data collection tools included the Personal Information form, the Scale of Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 4-18, and the Scale of Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18. The software program used Mann Whitney and Kruskall Wallis test procedures to examine the study data. It has been noted that the behavioral and emotional disorders of children and adolescents receiving protection or care exhibit notable variations in the number of children in the family (p<0.05), the reasons for placement under protection or care (p<0.05), the kind of service model received (p<0.05), and the length of time the current service model has been assisting (p<0.05). Furthermore, it is noted that the kind of service model used has correlations with age (p<0.05), gender (p<0.05), the reason (p<0.05) for being placed under protection or care, and the length of time (p<0.05) that the person has benefitted from the present service model. The results are evaluated in light of the relevant literature covered.
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- 2024
24. Music and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study
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Jasna Šulentic Begic and Marija Kolar
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Autism spectrum disorder is a complex neurological disorder characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction, limited patterns of behavior, interests and activities. Given the different forms of autism spectrum disorder and the fact that no two people are the same, an individual approach to each individual is required. Musical ability is one of the special talents that a child with an autism spectrum disorder can have. Such a child should be allowed to practice music. As a therapy, music therapy has proven to be effective in working with children with autism spectrum disorder, i.e. it has a positive effect on communication, vocalization, joint attention, eye contact, concentration, cooperation, cognitive functions, social skills, etc. This paper presents the observations obtained through the study case. The aim of the research was to show the behavior of students with autism spectrum disorder in the Music culture class and the impact of music therapy on their behavior. For the purposes of the research, two interviews were conducted, i.e. with a teaching assistant who worked with a student with an autism spectrum disorder and with the student's parents. The case study showed that the student has a developed musical ability, that he participates actively, with reserved attention, only in the Music culture classes, and that music therapy helped him in his expression and speech. It is essential to give these kids the tools they need to further develop their musical abilities. It will contribute to children with autism spectrum disorder feeling safe, happy, and accepted in their environment.
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- 2024
25. Metaphoric Perceptions of Families with Children with Visual Impairment Regarding Assistive Technologies
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Cem Aslan
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This research aims to ascertain the metaphorical perceptions of families with children with visual impairment regarding assistive technologies. The phenomenological pattern, a qualitative research approach, was utilized in this research. Fifty-four families with children with visual impairment participated in this research. The research employed a data collection tool comprising two sections. The first part captured the demographic information of the families, while the second part featured an open-ended questionnaire containing the prompt, "Assistive technologies are like/similar to… because..." The research data underwent content analysis. Ultimately, the researcher identified 47 distinct metaphors that families with children with visual impairment associated with assistive technologies. Overall, metaphors such as "eye," "family," "friend," "book," "light," "school," "compass," and "star" were prominent. Furthermore, the researcher categorized the metaphors devised by the families with children with visual impairment into six distinct themes: "support," "guidance," "education," "facilitating life," "entertainment," and "independence."
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- 2024
26. Sociocultural Influences on Young Japanese English Learners: The Impact of Parents' Beliefs on Learning Motivation
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Shoko Tanaka and Osamu Takeuchi
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In this quantitative study, we investigated the relationships between parenting and young learners' English learning--specifically parents' sociocultural influence on elementary school children's motivation--within the framework of self-determination theory (SDT). We surveyed 212 dyads of Japanese parents and their children (8-12 years old) and used structural equation modeling to elucidate the causal relationship between parents' attitudes and children's motivation for their second language (L2) learning, which is English as a foreign language learning context in this study. We found that parental involvement in children's English education positively impacted children's perceived competence in L2 learning and their interest in other countries, improving their L2 learning motivation. This demonstrates that parental involvement is a significant predictor of young learners' L2 motivation in Japan. We also identified a discrepancy between children's and parents' perceptions. Parents believe their involvement in children's L2 learning is autonomy-supportive behavior, while children do not always perceive this. We conclude that parental involvement in children's home L2 learning supports children's learning motivation. Our final model expands the SDT framework for language learning and covers both parenting and language learning research realms, improving our understanding of how parental attitudes and behavior influence children's L2 learning.
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- 2024
27. K-12 School Administrator Candidates' Perceptions of Their Roles in Supporting Teachers to Address Adverse Childhood Experiences
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Adam I. Attwood, Benita G. Bruster, John R. Mcconnell III, Laura D. Barnett, and Christi M. Maldonado
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This study of a K-12 administrator preparation program adds to the research literature on trauma-informed education by addressing a gap in the literature on K-12 administrator candidates' knowledge of the meaning of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and what their roles are in supporting teachers who have students with ACEs. K-12 school administrator candidates (N = 102) completed a survey designed by these researchers on this topic. The concept of ACEs is addressed as part of trauma-informed education from the K-12 administrator candidates' point of view using a concurrent mixed methods case study approach at one administrator preparation program. Implications and recommendations for school administrator preparation programs are discussed.
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- 2024
28. Multimodal Literacy in a New Era of Educational Technology: Comparing Points of View in Animations of Children's and Adult Literature
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Len Unsworth
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Purpose: The paper shows the interpretive impact of different constructions of the point of view available to the reader/viewer in book and animated movie versions of a children's picture book, a novel for pre-adolescents/early teenagers, and a graphic novel for adolescents and adults. Design/Approach/Methods: Excerpts from book and animated movie versions of the same story are compared using multimodal analysis of interpersonal meaning to show how the reader/viewer is positioned in relation to the characters in each version, complemented by analyses of ideational meaning to show the effect of point of view on interpretive possibilities. Findings: Focusing mainly on multimodal construction of point of view, the analyses show how interpretive possibilities of ostensibly the same story are significantly reconfigured in animated adaptations compared with book versions even when the verbal narrative remains substantially unchanged. Originality/Value: The study shows that it is crucial to students' critical appreciation of, and their creative contribution to, their evolving digital literary culture that in this new era of educational technology, attention in literacy and literary education focuses on developing understandings of digital multimodal narrative art, and that animated movie adaptations are not presented pedagogically as isomorphic with, or simply adjunct to, corresponding book versions.
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- 2024
29. A Systematic Review of Eye-Tracking Technology in Dyslexia Diagnosis
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Leonie Coenen, Matthias Grünke, Sebastian Becker-Genschow, Kirsten Schlüter, Matthias Schulden, and Anne Barwasser
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This paper presents a systematic literature review aimed at consolidating knowledge on the application of eye-tracking technology in the diagnosis of dyslexia among school-aged children (6-12 years). Through a meticulous search and selection process, 20 studies conducted over the last 10 years were identified and analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of this technology. The findings highlight the varied methodologies, participant demographics, and outcomes of these studies, underscoring the potential of eye tracking as a non-invasive, objective tool in the early detection of and intervention for dyslexia. Despite facing limitations such as heterogeneity in study designs and the need for standardized protocols, this review illuminates the significant promise of eye-tracking technology in enhancing dyslexia diagnosis. It identifies gaps in current research, proposes avenues for future investigation, and offers evidence-based recommendations for practitioners. This endeavor not only enriches the present understanding of dyslexia diagnosis, but also establishes a foundation to ultimately improve educational outcomes for dyslexic learners.
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- 2024
30. South African COVID-19 School Closures: Impact on Children and Families
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Sadiyya Haffejee, Thandi M. Simelane, and Anita Mwanda
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent school closures have had profound impacts on learners and their families globally, affecting their psychosocial wellbeing. However, the extent and nature of these effects, particularly in diverse socioeconomic contexts, remain largely under-explored. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of school closures on the psychosocial wellbeing of children and parents in South Africa's Gauteng province. Setting: The research included families from various socioeconomic backgrounds in Gauteng province, South Africa. Methods: Using an ethnographic research approach, diary-style entries via the WhatsApp mobile app were collected from 43 families, and semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted with 21 families. Results: The study found that children experienced adverse emotions, including loneliness, boredom, anxiety and isolation during school closures. Parents reported elevated stress levels and increased caregiving burden. The severity of impact was influenced by access to resources for online or home-schooling. Conclusion: The findings highlight the multi-dimensional implications of school closures on families and underscore the importance of providing adequate support during such disruptions, taking into account the varying effects across socioeconomic backgrounds. Contribution: This study fills a crucial gap in understanding the psychosocial impacts of school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic on children and parents within diverse socioeconomic contexts. The findings call for equitable access to educational resources, evidence-based remediation efforts, and integrated mental health support services.
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- 2024
31. Internationalization of a Regional Children's Song for Teaching English to Young Learners
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Gökçe Nur Türkmen and Kürsat Cesur
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Integrating internationalized songs into English language teaching has emerged as a dynamic strategy to ignite students' interest and enhance their language proficiency. This article comprehensively explores internationalized songs' significance in language education. A central focus lies on a detailed case study that demonstrates how the expertise of a Turkish musician was leveraged to select and that of field experts to translate and refine a local children's song for educational purposes. The study meticulously details the collaborative efforts among educators to tailor the song's content to meet language learning objectives, highlighting the transformative potential of such initiatives in the English language classroom. By immersing themselves in this practical example, educators can gain invaluable insights into the versatility of internationalized songs as effective tools for language instruction, thereby enhancing their teaching practices. Furthermore, the article underscores the importance of incorporating cultural elements into language teaching materials to foster intercultural competence among students. Educators can create immersive learning experiences that promote linguistic proficiency, cultural awareness, and appreciation by integrating internationalised songs.
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- 2024
32. Implementation Guidance for the USAID Education Policy
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USAID
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The USAID Education Policy guides Agency-wide investments in education and is the primary source of direction for all education programming. The Education Policy outlines key principles and priority areas that are critical to supporting partner country education systems to achieve equitable, sustainable, quality learning and education outcomes. It applies to all USAID education programming, regardless of the funding account, directive, or program area, and regardless of the managing Operating Unit, office, or team. The Education Policy reinforces the goals outlined in the U.S. Government Strategy on International Basic Education (FY 2019-2023). This document provides guidance on implementing the Education Policy throughout the program cycle.
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- 2024
33. Comorbidity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Youth Diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder
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Nelson Handal, Emma Quadlander-Goff, Laura Handal Abularach, Sarah Seghrouchni, and Barbara Baldwin
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Understanding the overlap of symptoms between oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) experienced by youth is pertinent for accurate diagnosis. A quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional design format was used to assess the relationship between ODD and OCD in addition to evaluating the difference in ODD severity and symptoms based on OCD severity. Symptoms and severity ratings of ODD and OCD were collected from youth diagnosed with ODD (N = 179). Fisher's exact test and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed. There were significant relationships between frustration related to obsessions and compulsions and the ODD symptoms of annoyance and anger. Results suggested that OCD severity predicted an increase in scores for ODD severity and symptoms.
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- 2024
34. The Role of Age in Second Language Development
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David Singleton and Justyna Lesniewska
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This article delves into the ongoing debate surrounding the role of age in second language acquisition, examining developments over the past three decades and highlighting contentious issues. We argue that the commonly held belief in age's pivotal role is frequently contradicted by empirical evidence. Additionally, we examine the agerelated debate with respect to foreign language teaching. A brief review is provided on advances in neuroscientific techniques, which show that the adult brain retains substantial plasticity for language learning, followed by a discussion of these findings in relation to lifelong language learning. Finally, we turn to Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, which offers a dynamic perspective that emphasizes the evolving interplay of age, context, and individual factors, pointing to the need for more qualitative research.
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- 2024
35. Examining the Relationship between Humor Styles and Self-Perceptions in Turkish Children: A Validation of the HSQ-Y
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Orhan Gazi Yildirim, Nezahat Hamiden Karaca, and Fatma Betül Senol
- Abstract
Self concept is an experiential formation gained as a result of certain experiences. The concept of self-concept has an interesting intersection with the psychological field of humour. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between the humor styles and self-perceptions of primary school 4th grade students and to conduct the validity-reliability study of the humor styles measurement tool. The study group of the research was carried out with 525 students attending the 4th grade of primary school. "Humor Styles Questionnaire for Young Children" (HSQ-Y) and "Self-Perception Profile for Children" (CIBAP) were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the research, first of all, the validity-reliability study of the humor styles questionnaire was conducted and the correlational scanning method of the general scanning model was used to examine the relationship between humor styles and self-perceptions of primary school students. In the results of the research; The humor styles questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable. In the relationship between; The sub-dimension of the humor styles questionnaire reveals the positive and significant relationship of the "participatory humor style" with all the sub-dimensions of the self-perception profile for children, and the "self-enhancing humor style" with the sub-dimension of "social acceptance". In the study, it was also observed that "aggressive humor style" was negatively related to "educational competence", "behavioral management", "social acceptance" "general self-worth" sub-dimensions, and "self-destructive humor style" was negatively related to "athletic competence" sub-dimensions.
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- 2024
36. Mediating the Effect of the Parent-Child Relationship in the Relationship between Self-Concept and Career Maturity in Children and Adolescents
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HeeRa Bae and Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine whether the parent-child relationship exerts a mediating effect on the influencing relationship of the self-concept of children and adolescents with career maturity. To this end, we processed data from 5621 students who participated in the first through fifth rounds of the survey in the 2013 Korea Education Longitudinal Study. We performed a paired sample t-test to verify differences between the groups of children and adolescents. To verify the mediating effect of the parent-child relationship on the influencing relationship of self-concept among children and adolescents with career maturity. The results showed that there was a difference depending on gender and city size in terms of self-concept, career maturity, and relationship. This study also revealed a significant discrepancy in the self-concept and parent-child relationship based on the developmental stages. In addition, the study also verified the mediating effect of the parent-child relationship in the relationship between the self-concept of children and adolescents and their career maturity. Based on these findings, it is necessary to implement a systematic education program for parents because the parent-child relationship is highly important in improving students' career maturity.
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- 2024
37. Towards an Afro-Centric Model of Cognitive Assessment: Examining the Current Psychological Assessment and Placement Practices of Children with Disabilities
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Stanley Makuvaza, T. Chataika, and J. Chidindi
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This study explored implications of incorporating African epistemologies into psychometric testing to strengthen cultural relevance and accuracy of assessment. Focus group discussions were conducted with 20 specialist teachers in Marondera, Zimbabwe to qualitatively examine perceptions of intelligence and test constructs. Additionally, 5 educational psychologists participated in interviews regarding integrating indigenous knowledges. Discussions were thematically analysed to discern constructs meriting attention. Key findings indicated that psychometric testing exhibits limitations by often disregarding communalist epistemologies and prioritising of oral tradition, holism, spirituality and creativity in African worldviews. Participants highlighted risks of misrepresentation when such tenets remain unaddressed. Constructs were elucidated warranting respect in emic-valid assessments. While initial findings suggest recognising discussed, African epistemologies holds potential to help address core validity issues. Future mixed methodology research partnerships with experts are recommended. This includes qualitatively defining constructs, then quantitatively validating inclusion into standardised, culturally-sensitive composite measures upholding scientific standards. Ongoing refinement may help psychometrics authentically evaluate diverse populations' capacities in an inclusive, accurate manner.
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- 2024
38. Determinants of Grade Repetition in Spain. Analysis of Cognitive and Socio-Economic, Mediated by Ethnic Factors
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Silvia Duran-Bonavila, Alicia Rodríguez-Gómez, and Marta Becerril
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Grade repetition is an issue with important educational implications. This study analyzes the effect of cognitive variables, socio-economic status, as well as the interaction of socioeconomic status with ethnic origin, on the probability of not repeating. Data were collected to calculate socioeconomic status using the Hollingshead Socioeconomic Index, and the following tests were administered to collect information on cognitive variables: the Primary Mental Aptitude Test (PMA), the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test, and the Wechsler Intelligence for Children Information Scale (WISC IV). The sample consisted of 664 students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO), Baccalaureate and intermediate and higher vocational training. The results confirm the predictive power of socioeconomic status. With regard to cognitive variables, significant results were only obtained when the WISC-IV Information Scale was taken as a predictor, this measure being related to crystallized intelligence. The influence of the origin of the students did not yield significant results. There is a clear need for a debate and a rethinking of the issue leading to the identification of new strategies to reduce grade repetition and its negative effects.
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- 2024
39. A Comparative Study of Learning Outcomes for Hearing-Impaired Foundation Phase Learners
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Aisha Casoojee, Katijah Khoza-Shangase, and Amisha Kanji
- Abstract
Background: Two intervention approaches are implemented in South Africa to alleviate the deleterious consequences of congenital or early onset hearing impairment on language acquisition and subsequent poor learning outcomes. Aim: This study investigated the learning outcomes of foundation phase learners with severe to profound hearing impairment who received Listening and Spoken Language -- South Africa (LSL-SA) (adapted Auditory Verbal Therapy) therapy compared to those who received Traditional Speech-Language Therapy (TSLT). Setting: The study was conducted at four early intervention (EI) schools for children with hearing impairment across three provinces in South Africa. Methods: Data were collected through record reviews of their Speech-Language Therapy Outcomes and South African National Department of Basic Education academic report cards. Data were analysed using quantitative statistics. Results: Findings demonstrated that children with hearing impairment enrolled in LSL-SA outperformed those enrolled in TSLT in achieving age-equivalent language outcomes. A higher percentage of learners enrolled in LSL-SA achieved meritorious to outstanding learning outcomes. While a comparable number of learners progressed to mainstream schooling, children with hearing impairment enrolled in LSL-SA are enrolled for a shorter duration until discharge than those enrolled in TSLT. This is an important finding, particularly in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Conclusion: Listening and Spoken Language -- South Africa graduates achieved superior learning outcomes dependent on language attainment, providing contextually relevant evidence supporting the effectiveness of the LSL-SA EI approach. Contribution: These context-specific outcomes stress the obligation to upscale and fast-track EI services. Implications for investment in LSL-SA are proposed through collaboration between families, educators, and early interventionists.
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- 2024
40. Experiences of Gifted Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Their Parents, and Teachers in Turkiye with the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Neslisah Sikicikoglu, Muharrem Koc, Seray Olcay, and Sezgin Vuran
- Abstract
This study aimed to determine the experiences of gifted children with autism spectrum disorder, their parents, and teachers with the COVID-19 pandemic and holistically reveal the reflections of the restrictions in this process and the transition to distance education on the lives and especially the education of gifted children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study was designed with a phenomenological research design, one of the qualitative research methods. The study participants were gifted children with ASD, aged between 6-14 and continuing their education through inclusion, their parents and teachers. The research data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed in detail by interpretive phenomenological analysis. As a result of the data analysis, two themes, "The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life" and "Distance education and its impacts in the COVID-19 process", and 12 categories were reached. Recommendations were presented in line with the study findings and the literature.
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- 2024
41. Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Sense of Coherence Scale in a Hungarian Child and Adolescent Sample
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Olney Rodrigues de Oliveira, Dorottya Ori, and Eniko Kiss
- Abstract
Sense of coherence (SOC) is a relevant contributor and predictor of the individuals' mental and physical health. There are a number of studies about SOC, but only two validation articles of the sense of coherence scale (SOCS) were found on adolescents and none on children. The aim of this research was to validate the SOC scale in youth under 18. We hypothesized that younger children and children without psychiatric problems will have higher SOC than older ones, and children with psychiatric symptoms. We also wanted to examine the factor structure of both the 13 and the 29 item versions of the scale to study which is more valid in child and adolescent population. 199 children and 198 adolescents were included in the study; the mean age was 14.3 (SD 2.1) years. The sample included average youth from schools and youth under psychiatric treatment. Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Inventory of Life Quality (ILK) were used for validation of the SOCS. SOCS-13 was applied to compare SOC of children and adolescents. Children had higher SOC than adolescents in both samples. Males had higher SOC than females in children but not in adolescents. Psychiatric and behavioral symptoms were associated with a lower SOC regardless
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- 2024
42. Pedagogical Framework for Cultivating Children's Data Agency and Creative Abilities in the Age of AI
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Juho Kahila, Henriikka Vartiainen, Matti Tedre, Eetu Arkko, Anssi Lin, Nicolas Pope, Ilkka Jormanainen, and Teemu Valtonen
- Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) topics into K-12 school curricula is a relatively new but crucial challenge faced by education systems worldwide. Attempts to address this challenge are hindered by a serious lack of curriculum materials and tools to aid teachers in teaching AI. This article introduces the theoretical foundations and design principles for implementing co-design projects in AI education, empirically tested in 12 Finnish classrooms. The article describes a project where 4th- and 7th-graders (N = 213) explored the basics of AI by creating their own AI-driven applications. Additionally, a framework for distributed scaffolding is presented, aiming to foster children's agency, understanding, creativity, and ethical awareness in the age of AI.
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- 2024
43. School Counsellors in England, Tackling a Children's Mental Health Crisis
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Gillian L. S. Hilton
- Abstract
This paper explores the current provisiom and roles of school counsellors in England's schools. Government interventions are discussed and the ongoing problems with the deteriorating mental health of children and adolescents, caused by social pressures, and then the Covid 19 pandemic, addressed. The numbers of counsellors available has risen, but is in no way equal to the provision in other countries and the response of the National Health Service (NHS) is also under severe pressure. Attitudes of parents, teachers and young people to counselling are explored, together with the wide-ranging qualifications and duties required of counsellors in England's schools. The conclusion is that the change of attitude by government towards counselling in schools, is still too little and too late. as many children have no access to in-school help with mental issues, or teachers the support they need to understand the mental health problems affecting children in their classes. [For the complete Volume 22 proceedings, see ED656158.]
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- 2024
44. Receipt of and Satisfaction with School-Based and Virtual Special Education Supports and Therapeutic Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Patricia Spencer, Jorge V. Verlenden, Greta Kilmer, Sanjana Pampati, Shamia Moore, Catherine N. Rasberry, and Angelika H. Claussen
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted school-based delivery of special educational supports and therapeutic services. This study describes student receipt of school-based supports/services and parent satisfaction by instruction modalities during the 2020-2021 academic year in the United States. Data were collected through the COVID Experiences Survey from parents of children ages 5-12 years, administered using NORC's AmeriSpeak panel. Most parents reported satisfaction with supports (88.4%) and services (93.2%). Dissatisfaction with special education supports and therapeutic services was more common among parents whose children received supports/ services virtually than in person (special educational supports: aOR=12.00, 95% CI [1.49-96.89], p=0.020; therapeutic services: aOR=15.76, 95% CI [1.01-245.40], p=0.049). These findings suggest opportunities to improve design and delivery of online special education supports and therapeutic services as well as emergency preparedness by considering the needs of students with disabilities and their families.
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- 2024
45. Digital Literacy for Children: An Overview
- Author
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Hatice Degirmenci Gündogmus
- Abstract
Digital technologies have become a part of everyday life, taking center stage. It has dominated people's lives and changed the way they live life. The task of protecting and raising awareness of children from the negative effects of the digital age, which especially affects the psychological, physical, social and cognitive development of children, is again on the family, school and society. For this reason, this study aims to define the concept of digital literacy for today's children by presenting a different perspective and inspiring new research to be conducted. In the study, the literature review model, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Articles, theses, dissertations, professional publications, research and research reports on the subject were examined. In the findings section of the study, the importance of the child and the family raising him/her, the digital age and its impact on education, the importance of digital literacy in education, and the advantages and disadvantages of digital literacy are discussed. In conclusion, in order to shape the future of societies with solid foundations, it is very important to teach children digital literacy skills, which also means understanding technology and using it appropriately, in the light of customs and traditions.
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- 2024
46. Reducing Stereotypical Behaviors Using Augmented Reality in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Author
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Sherif Adel Gaber
- Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) has been shown to have a positive impact on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) because it can effectively simulate the real environment through interactive experiences created by the integration of digital elements with the outside world. This research aimed to verify the effectiveness of a training program based on AR for reducing stereotypical behavior (SB) in a sample of children with ASD. The study sample consisted of 16 male students with ASD who were enrolled in the Autism Institute in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, ranging from 8 to 13 years of age. The researcher also developed a training program and employed a quasi-experimental method in addition to research instruments including the Stereotypic Behavior Scale (SBS). The results of the analysis show statistically significant differences between the mean ranks of the participants in the three tests (pre-, post- and follow-up) on the SBS (x[superscript 2] = 30.471, p < 0.001) which indicates the effectiveness of AR in reducing participants' SB. Additionally, it demonstrates that the training impact lasts for two months after the end of the program. According to the research, AR-based software applications have the potential to improve children with ASD's socialization and interaction abilities. It is recommended to do additional research using larger sample sizes and controlled designs.
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- 2024
47. KIDS COUNT Data Book, 2024. State Trends in Child Well-Being
- Author
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Annie E. Casey Foundation
- Abstract
The 35th edition of the Annie E. Casey Foundation's "KIDS COUNT"® Data Book examines the unprecedented declines in student math and reading proficiency brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on education. The latest data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress reveals that between 2019 and 2022, fourth-grade reading and eighth-grade math scores plummeted, representing decades of lost progress. This alarming trend underscores the urgent need for action to address the growing academic disparities among U.S. students. Today's students, who will comprise America's future workforce, are ill-prepared for the high-level reading, math and problem-solving skills required in a competitive global economy. The failure to adequately prepare our children will have dire consequences for their futures and for the economic vitality of our nation. [For "KIDS COUNT Data Book, 2023: State Trends in Child Well-Being," see ED629264.]
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- 2024
48. Development of Reading in Multilingual Environments in 2nd Grade Children
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Esther Moraleda, Noelia Pulido, Noelia Santos, and Patricia López
- Abstract
The main objective of this study is to assess the Spanish literacy competence of students enrolled in bilingual and trilingual programs by analyzing the developmental process and evolutionary course of reading during the first cycle of Primary Education. This analysis aims to determine whether the reading skills in Spanish of students in multilingual schools are affected by immersion in a foreign language, in this case, English. To achieve this, a total of 258 second-grade primary students were examined, categorized into groups based on the number of languages they knew (two or three), in comparison to a control group of monolingual students. Two variables were measured: intelligence using the WISC-IV and literacy competence using the TALE. The results of both tests indicate that there are no significant differences in reading competence between bilingual and trilingual students and monolingual students. These results reinforce the idea that learning to read is a process not influenced by the number of languages spoken.
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- 2024
49. Parent Understanding of Specific Learning Disabilities
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Gabrielle Wilcox, Erica Makarenko, Frank P. MacMaster, and Rose Swansburg
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Parents play a vital role in supporting children with learning disabilities, but little is known about their understanding of this diagnosis. The experiences of parents with the diagnostic process and the services their children receive post-diagnosis vary widely. Parents who participated in this study reported that they understand learning disabilities broadly but not their underlying neurobiology. Those who noted understanding the neurobiology indicated that it helped them better support their child, and those who did not understand it wanted to learn more. Parents generally noted that their children received less support during COVID-19 and that they had to seek more private services in order to support their child's academic progress, which caused additional strain on families. Finally, parents reported that having a child with a learning disability negatively affected their mental health, especially when parents feel like they have had to advocate strongly for their child to receive services.
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- 2024
50. Understanding Well-Being in Digital Spaces
- Author
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Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop, Daniel Alonso, Medha Tare, and Elizabeth Rood
- Abstract
Nearly two billion children across the globe are growing up in an increasingly digital world. Yet even as the ways that kids engage with new technologies constantly evolve, our efforts to attend to their healthy development hasn't kept pace. It's time to prioritize the well-being of children in digital spaces, which we believe requires a collaborative effort across academia, industry, the policy community, and practitioners to understand how the design of digital products and services can advance children's best interests. One framework that addresses this gap was created by the Responsible Innovation in Technology for Children initiative (RITEC), developed by UNICEF and the LEGO Group and supported by the LEGO Foundation. Initially published in 2022, the framework is based on syntheses of developmental research, qualitative analyses of conversations with children, and quantitative analyses from survey data spanning 30 countries (UNICEF, 2022). It includes eight components: "competence," "creativity," "diversity, equity, and inclusion," "emotional regulation," "empowerment," "safety and security," "self-actualization," and "social connection." Each component is multidimensional and draws from developmental and cognitive science. To bring these ideas to life and to elaborate on their connections to digital design, the Joan Ganz Cooney Center has created this guide for developers of interactive products for children. We provide definitions and summaries from related research and offer recommendations for making digital experiences and products for children of all ages. We hope the guide will spark conversations among creators of media and technology for children, inspire them to consider how their products can support children's well-being, and take action!
- Published
- 2024
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