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Background: The Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC-5As) questionnaire has been designed to evaluate the healthcare experiences of individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes. Older adults are at higher risk for diabetes and its associated complications. The aim of this study was transcultural adaptation and evaluation of the validity and reliability of the PACIC-5As questionnaire in older patients with diabetes residing in Qazvin City, Iran. Method: In this validation study, we recruited 306 older patients with diabetes from Comprehensive Health Centers in Qazvin, Iran. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to choose a representative sample. The PACIC-5As questionnaire was translated into Persian using the World Health Organization (WHO) standardized method. The validity (face, content, and construct) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha) of the PACIC-5As were assessed. Data analysis was conducted using R software and the Lavaan package. Results: The mean age of the older patients was 69.99 ± 6.94 years old. Most older participants were female (n = 180, 58.82%) and married (n = 216, 70.59%). Regarding face validity, all items of PACIC-5As had impact scores greater than 1.5. In terms of content validity, all items had a content validity ratio > 0.49 and a content validity index > 0.79. The results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the model exhibited satisfactory fit across the expected five factors, including assess, advise, agree, assist, and arrange, for the 25 items of the PACIC-5As questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the PACIC-5As questionnaire was 0.805. Conclusion: This study indicates that the Persian version of the PACIC-5As questionnaire is valid and reliable for assessing healthcare experiences in older patients with diabetes. This means that the questionnaire can be effectively used in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People with human papiloma virus (HPV) struggle with numerous challenges and needs in physical, and psychological aspects of quality of life related to this virus. Several studies have recommended counseling interventions to improve the quality of life for these individuals. There is also a need for standardized and normalized instruments in Iran to evaluate the effect of educational and therapeutic interventions on the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted in gynecological cancer clinics in Kerman and Mashhad to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the "Quality of Life Questionnaire for Women Infected with HPV". Methods: This study cross-sectional study included 580 women infected with HPV referred to Kerman and Mashhad's gynecologic cancer clinics. The samples were selected using convenience sampling method in 2023. Content validity, face validity, and construct validity were assessed using explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The results of the content validity assessment, which included the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), indicated strong content validity. Additionally, qualitatively confirmed face validity, further supports these findings. The results of the EFA revealed that the Persian version of the EQUALI-HPV questionnaire has a 6-factor structure, with 34 items remaining from the 54 items. These 6 factors accounted for 48.9% of the variance and were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and using robust root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.054), comparative fit index (CFI = 0.928), and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI = 0.920). The content validity results showed that all the items had a good validity ratio and index. Cronbach's alpha and Raykov's rho were greater than 0.7 for all dimensions. Conclusion: The results showed that the Persian version of the "Quality of Life Questionnaire for Women Infected with HPV" had acceptable validity and reliability and can be utilized to measure the quality of life of these people and conduct psychological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As health systems transition to ICD-11, it is essential to gauge the readiness and improve existing transition efforts. Assessing the intention to use ICD-11 and factors influencing it is imperative to encourage the use of ICD-11 among the medical record officers (MROs) and assistant medical record officers (AMROs). This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire on the factors influencing the intention to use ICD-11 among MROs and AMROs in the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. This study comprised a questionnaire development and validation involving 292 participants nationwide from Ministry of Health Malaysia facilities. The questionnaire was developed based on items adapted from the literature. Forward and backward English-Malay translation was done. Then, the questionnaire was examined for content validity, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, face validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity and confirmatory factor analyses. The final version of the questionnaire consists of eleven domains represented by 50 items. The content validity index and modified kappa were excellent for all domains. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling adequacy value was appropriate, with a value of 0.790. The questionnaire also demonstrated good internal consistency reliability with Cronbach's alpha values between 0.850 and 0.992. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a reasonable fit for this eleven-factor model. In conclusion, this questionnaire provides a reliable tool for investigating the intention to use ICD-11 among MROs and AMROs. Positive findings from the psychometric properties support the validity of the questionnaire. This instrument can potentially support personnel in charge of ICD codification, guide the ICD-11 transition at various levels and facilitate research on support dynamics among the MROs and AMROs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 imposed significant shifts in global health, particularly in understanding and addressing anxiety disorders precipitated by pandemic-related stressors. The current study aimed to adapt and validate the COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire (C-19 A) for Arabic-speaking populations (C-19 A-A), assessing its structural integrity, concurrent validity, factorial validity, and reliability. Methods: The data of 571 individuals, including age range, educational history, gender, and marital status, were collected through online platforms. The translation process of C-19 A-A underwent rigorous verification by linguistic and subject matter experts. Several advanced statistical procedures were used to examine the C-19 A-A's reliability, validity, and measurement invariances across demographic subsets. Results: The results indicated robust internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.889, confirming the questionnaire's reliability. Concurrent validity showed significant and positive correlations between C-19-A and FCV-19S (r = 0.77, p < 0.000). EFA revealed a dominant factor explaining 60.4% of the variance, bolstering the questionnaire's factorial validity. CFA further validated the model's adequacy across different demographic groups. Specifically, demographic factors such as age, gender, and educational level showed distinct patterns of COVID-19-related anxiety. Conclusion: The validated Arabic version of the C-19 A-A represents a pivotal tool for assessing pandemic-induced anxiety within Arabic-speaking communities. Its deployment enables targeted identification of vulnerable individuals, facilitating tailored health interventions and informing clinical strategies. This research underscores the pivotal role of culturally attuned assessment instruments in shaping effective public health responses and therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating the psychological sequelae of global health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to validate the Turkish version of the Career Exploration and Decision Self‐Efficacy (CEDSE) Scale with Turkish undergraduate students. Results show that with the sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 202) the Turkish CEDSE Scale had a two‐factor structure with 12 items. The CEDSE Scale's two‐factor structure was validated by a sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 255). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the measurement invariance of the CEDSE Scale across gender groups. The Turkish CEDSE Scale produced positive relations with measures of vocational outcome expectations and career decidedness as well as strong positive correlations with career decision‐making self‐efficacy. The CEDSE Scale scores produced statistically significant beta coefficients predicting vocational outcome expectations and career decidedness. The results support the concurrent and criterion‐related validity of the CEDSE Scale. Calculations of Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and stability coefficients yielded evidence for the CEDSE Scale's reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose was to investigate the psychometric features of the Feedback Quality Instrument (FQI) in medical students, emphasizing the instrument's utility for evaluating the quality of feedback provided in clinical contexts and the importance of performing so for medical trainees. Methods and material: The Persian version of the FQI was evaluated for content validity through a focus group of medical education experts. The questionnaire's face, content, and construct validity were assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability. The questionnaire was revised and pilot-tested, with medical students' feedback in different clinical situations. The data was analyzed using AMOS26. Results: The content validity index equaled 0.88(> 0.79). The content validity ratio representing the proportion of participants who agreed on a selected item was 0.69(> 0.42). According to experts, item 25 is the only modified item, while items 23 and 24 are presented as one item. For reliability, Cronbach alpha was equaled to 0.98. Conclusions: The Persian version of the Feedback Quality Instrument (FQI) was valid, reliable, and fair in assessing feedback quality in medical students, providing valuable insights for other institutions. Establishing a basis for systematically analyzing how certain educator behaviors affect student outcomes is practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Nursing care is a unique and indispensable concept for nursing that includes helping to meet the needs of an individual or a group of individuals offered by nurses. This study is aimed to test the validity and reliability of theTurkish version of the Quality Nursing Care Scale (QNCS-T). Materials and Methods The methodological approach employed in this study spanned from April 25, 2021, to May 5, 2021, and enlisted the participation of 347 nurses. Data collection was executed utilizing a “Personal Information Form” and the “Quality Nursing Care Scale (QNCS).” The research comprised two phases: Phase 1 involved the adaptation of the scale, while Phase 2 focused on determining construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed through measures of internal consistency and item-total correlation coefficients. Results and Discussion The adaptation phase yielded affirmative outcomes, affirming the linguistic and content validation of the Turkish version of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a highly favorable fit for a six-factor model. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the entire scale was determined to be 0.93, attesting to its strong internal consistency. Conclusion The Turkish version of the Quality Nursing Scale showed consistently good psychometric properties of reliability and validity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index-10 (LURN SI-10). Materials and methods: In this, single-centre study, patients between 18 and 65 years old, who were suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without any known urinary tract disease and on no medication, were enrolled. The control group consisted of participants, who were admitted to our clinic suffering from any complaint except LUTS and met all of the other inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants' demographics such as age, sex, and level of education were recorded. The Turkish version of the LURN SI-10, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-V8) were administered to all participants. Construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity was evaluated with correlations to similar measures. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was used to establish the scale's internal consistency reliability. Results: A total of 164 participants were included in the final analysis. Of those, 57% were male. The individuals were identified as being in the "patient group" (n = 86) and a "control group" (n = 78). The mean age was 48.24 ± 14.30 years. The median total LURN SI-10 scores of patient group and control group were 12.0 (9-18.25) and 4.0 (2.75-6), respectively. The LURN SI-10 questionnaire showed a high correlation with the IPSS and the OAB-V8 questionnaires (r: 0.761; p: 0.001; r: 0.737; p: 0.001, respectively) in concurrent validity analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the LURN SI-10 was 0.850. Conclusions: This promising measurement tool can be used to evaluate LUTS in Turkish women and men. Further studies should be conducted to assess the clinical usefulness of this questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many constructs in management studies, such as perceptions, personalities, attitudes, and behavioral intentions, are not directly observable. Typically, empirical studies measure such constructs using established scales with multiple indicators. When the scales are used in a different population, the items are translated into other languages or revised to adapt to other populations, it is essential for researchers to report the quality of measurement scales before using them to test hypotheses. Researchers commonly report the quality of these measurement scales based on Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis results. However, these results are usually inadequate and sometimes inappropriate. Moreover, researchers rarely consider sampling errors for these psychometric quality measures. In this best practice paper, we first critically review the most frequently-used approaches in empirical studies to evaluate the quality of measurement scales when using structural equation modeling. Next, we recommend best practices in assessing reliability, convergent and discriminant validity based on multiple criteria and taking sampling errors into consideration. Then, we illustrate with numerical examples the application of a specifically-developed R package, measureQ, that provides a one-stop solution for implementing the recommended best practices and a template for reporting the results. measureQ is easy to implement, even for those new to R. Our overall aim is to provide a best-practice reference for future authors, reviewers, and editors in reporting and reviewing the quality of measurement scales in empirical management studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Social pain is an emotional reaction which is triggered by social exclusion and has been extensively investigated in the literature. The Social Pain Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument which is the only scale for measuring social pain as a dispositional factor. The current study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the SPQ in an Iranian sample. Materials and methods: A sample of participants (N = 400) was recruited in a cross-sectional validation study. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) as well as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted. The Item Response Theory (IRT) model parameters were evaluated and item response category curves were presented. Convergent and divergent validities as well as the reliability (by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient) were also assessed. Results: The SPQ's unidimensionality was affirmed (RMSEA = 0.078; CFI = 0.915; TLI = 0.99) and its internal consistency was robust (Cronbach's a = 0.94). The correlation between the SPQ and the following measures endorsed its divergent and convergent validity: Self-esteem (r = -0.424), Perceived Social Support (r = -0.161), and Interpersonal Sensitivity (r = 0.636). Finally, Item Response Theory Analysis emphasized the effectiveness of the SPQ items in discerning various levels of social pain. The theta level ranged between -1 and + 1.2 and the IRT-based marginal reliability was 0.92 for the total score. Discussion: The Persian SPQ stands as a reliable and valid measure for evaluating social pain. This scale has the potential to stimulate further research in the field for both clinical and non-clinical settings. Conclusion: By employing Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis, we have transcended the theoretical psychometric evaluation of the SPQ scale and demonstrated that SPQ is a unidimensional, valid and reliable measurement tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Consumer behavior research and neurology are combined in the emerging discipline of neuromarketing. Neuromarketing is considered to be one of emerging field to study how consumer's brain reacts to advertisement and other brand's message by observing brainwave, eye, and skin response. The current study examined the emerging field of constructs of neuromarketing like social, attention, technology, and emotions to examine Indian consumer's buying behavior. Purpose: To study the validity and reliability of constructs of neuromarketing that examines consumer's buying behavior among Indian consumers. Methods: A sample of 191 people of different age groups was considered in the study. A random sampling technique was used for data collection. The self-designed questionnaire used for the measurement of neuromarketing constructs and consumers' buying behavior. The current study applied SPSS and AMOS software to validate the measurement model of neuromarketing. Results: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's Test's value is 0.784 and this value confirmed that the sample is adequate for factor analysis. Apart from that, the five constructs of neuromarketing – Attention (A), Social (SC), Technological (T), Emotion (E), and Consumer Buying Behavior (BB) had shown the value of Cronbach's alpha to be more than 0.7. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) had shown value of average variance explained of each constructs 0.5 and composite reliability more than 0.7 which indicates excellent construct validity of constructs for model formation of neuromarketing. The study also validates measurement research model of neuromarketing on the basis of model fit index (chi-square/df = 3.397, RMSEA = 0.10, GFI = 0.92, and CFI = 0.87). Conclusion: The present study had shown good validity and reliability of constructs of neuromarketing and also proved that marketers can apply these constructs to examine behavior pattern of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: "Ghosting" refers to the practice of abruptly cutting off all contact with a person with whom you have been in constant correspondence. The break comes without warning and without understandable provocation. The term most commonly applies to online romantic relationships. The motives for and effects of ghosting have been studied, and validated research questionnaires have been developed; however, there are no such questionnaires available for Urdu speakers. The purpose of this study was to adapt the "Ghosting Questionnaire (GQ)" for use in Pakistan and India, two of the world's most populous countries—a process that involves translation, adaptation, and validation. Methods: The study's methodology involved translating the GQ into Urdu using both forward and backward translation techniques. Convergent validity, test–retest reliability, internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, and goodness of fit were all components of the psychometric analyses. Conclusions: The Urdu version of the GQ demonstrated a good internal consistency, with the Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega both exceeding 0.90. It also showed a high test–retest reliability—(0.96). The one-factor structure was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis, which agreed with the original English version of the GQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is crucial to take into account the concerns of dental patients about their prosthodontic needs when planning the course of treatment. However, there is a dearth of research that examines these needs among adult dental patients. Objectives: This study aims to translate and validate the perceived prosthodontic treatment need scale (PPTN) in Arabic. Methods: The 17-item PPTN scale was translated from English into Arabic and completed by 206 patients seeking prosthodontic treatment in a dental hospital in Saudi Arabia. Data collection was carried out in September and October 2023. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to ascertain the underlying factor structure; a unidimensional scale was hypothesised and tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), including several multiple model fit indices. The assessment of reliability was conducted using Cronbach's alpha. The convergent and discriminant validity of the final scale were examined. Results: EFA produced an 11-item scale distributed into three factors that explain 65.43% of the total variance with eigenvalues > 1. All items showed acceptable reliability, ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. The first factor pertained to social issues, while the second item was concerning dental appearance. Lastly, the third factor included functional difficulties associated with tooth loss or dental problems. The results of the CFA demonstrate a satisfactory level of model fit, with the standardised factor loadings ranging from 0.51 to 0.89. Convergent and discriminant validity of the model factors were established. Conclusion: The translated questionnaire was deemed legitimate and would be useful in comprehending patients' perceived treatment requirements, hence contributing to the advancement of prosthodontic research and practical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Couples' tendency towards voluntary single-childedness and childlessness (VSCC) has turned into a major challenge in all societies and led to different problems such as population aging. A key step to VSCC management is to determine its contributing factors through valid and reliable instruments. This exploratory sequential mixed method study (qualitative-quantitative) was conducted in 2020–2021. Phases of qualitative consists of all couples aged 15–49 in Babol, Iran, who were single or childless. Sampling is based on the purpose, and the number of samples is 20 couples. To collect data, face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. Sampling continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed by the conventional content analysis method and quantitative phase. Initially, a qualitative study was conducted on twenty couples, and were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Findings were used to develop QFT-VSCC and then, the face, content, and construct validity as well as reliability were assessed. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and reliability was assessed through internal consistency and stability assessments. The results of the qualitative part analysis consist of 140 codes, 30 primary categories, and nine main categories and two themes (individual limitations and social limitations). The primary QFT-VSCC had 78 items. Fifty-eight items were omitted during validity assessment and the remaining twenty-two items were loaded on five factors during factor analysis. These factors were threatened priorities, inappropriate familial context for childbearing, sense of occupational and social insecurity for the child, social modeling of childlessness, and tendency towards change or stability in marital life. The five factors explained 52.56% of the total variance. All model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable and the Cronbach's alpha values of QFT-VSCC and all its factors were more than 0.70. The results of convergent validity analysis revealed that all factors had an AVE value greater than 0.5, and the HTMT index for all factors was less than 0.85. This indicated that discriminant validity had been achieved. QFT-VSCC is a simple valid and reliable instrument for VSCC assessment among both men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University teachers have had to adapt to the changes required by virtual education. The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the scale of adaptation to virtual academic media in Peruvian university teachers. The participants were 252 university teachers selected using purposive non-probability sampling. The instrument being adapted was the student adaptation to college questionnaire of Rodriguez-Ayan and Sotelo (2014), which consists of eleven items distributed across three dimensions. The content validity was studied by means of the judgement of twelve experts. We carried out exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and estimated the reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Before calculating the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient (0.916) and performing Bartlett's test of sphericity (χ2 = 2571.3, p <0.001), we performed EFA. As a result, we found an underlying three-factor model, which was corroborated by CFA with satisfactory goodness of fit indexes (χ2 = 107.55, df = 37, χ2/df = 2.907; p = 0.000; RMR = 0.034; GFI = 0.943; AGFI = 0.899; CFI = 0.972; TLI = 0.959; NFI = 0.959; IFI = 0.973, and RMSEA = 0.077), and acceptable reliability (alpha = 0.897). The scale of adaptation to virtual academic settings shows evidence of validity and reliability and can be applied to Peruvian university teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Participation and initiative of workers are effective in promoting safety in the workplace. Proactive-Safety Role Orientation questionnaire (PRO-SAFE) is a proper tool to evaluate the psychological drivers that support the proactive orientation of individuals toward workplace safety. This study was conducted to translate and measure the psychometric properties of the Persian version of PRO-SAFE. Methods: The PRO-SAFE was translated into Persian using procedures for translation and cross-cultural adaptation. To collect data, 252 employees of a steel complex were selected. To measure the validity of the questionnaire, face, content, convergent, and construct validity was utilized. The questionnaire's reliability was evaluated by assessing its internal consistency. Results: The mean of the content validity index and content validity ratio was equal to 0.83 and 0.85, respectively. We found a positive correlation between PRO-SAFE and safety behavior dimensions (r = 0.372 to 0.792, P < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis showed the Persian version of the PRO-SAFE questionnaire had an excellent six-factor model consistent with the original questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha of the Persian version of the PRO-SAFE questionnaire was obtained between 0.717 to 0.880. Conclusions: The Persian version of the PRO-SAFE questionnaire was found to have appropriate psychometric properties, indicating that it can be confidently used as a valid tool for assessing proactive role orientation toward safety management among Iranian employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our team conducted this study to develop the Smoke-Free Campus Awareness Scale and to test the validity and reliability of this scale. The study took place between November 2022 and January 2023 with individuals studying and working at a university after obtaining institutional permission and ethics committee approval. The study sample comprised 211 participants. We collected the data using the questionnaire prepared by the researchers and the Smoke-Free Campus Awareness Scale, which was content validated. Our team evaluated the scale's validity and reliability via IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25 (IBM SPSS Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA) and AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) 25 programs. Kendall's analysis and Barlett's test of sphericity (p < .001) were significant in the study. To verify the construct validity of the Smoke-Free Campus Awareness Scale, we applied the confirmatory factor analysis and the exploratory factor analysis. After the Smoke-Free Campus Awareness Scale's exploratory factor analysis, we concluded that there was a single factor for 11 items. In the fit indices model, it was determined that the scale was compatible satisfactorily. The scale's Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.898. Test--retest reliability analysis was found significant. We determined that the Smoke-Free Campus Awareness Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Demand Control Support model is useful for studying work-related stress. The combination of high demand and a low level of control generates "job strain" ("job iso-strain" if poor support is added), with implications for the worker's health and well-being. The aims of this study were to adapt, examine the factor structure of, and determine the reliability of, the Demand Control Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) short version for European Portuguese (DCSQ-PT). Methods: The scale was translated into Portuguese following a rigorous process and then applied to 501 workers from various professional sectors. An online survey was used to collect sociodemographic, professional, and Demand Control Support data. Validation was based on reliability and validity tests. Results: The mean age of the sample was 41.8 ± 10.3 years, and 50.1% of the participants were female. The results reveal good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.807) and validity. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that a four-factor solution of the DCSQ-PT scale had a good fit to the data, as was the case for the original scale. The DCSQ-PT© with 16 items is composed of the following factors: social support at work; psychological demands; skill discretion; and decision authority. Conclusions: This validation allows an instrument to be obtained with 16 items for studying work-related stress in Portuguese workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The death literacy index (DLI) was developed in Australia to measure death literacy, a set of experience-based knowledge needed to understand and act on end-of-life (EOL) care options but has not yet been validated outside its original context. The aim of this study was to develop a culturally adapted Swedish-language version of the DLI, the DLI-S, and assess sources of evidence for its validity in a Swedish context. The study involved a multi-step process of translation and cultural adaptation and two validation phases: examining first content and response process validity through expert review (n = 10) and cognitive interviews (n = 10); and second, internal structure validity of DLI-S data collected from an online cross-sectional survey (n = 503). The psychometric evaluation involved analysis of descriptive statistics on item and scale-level, internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis. During translation and adaptation, changes were made to adjust items to the Swedish context. Additional adjustments were made following findings from the expert review and cognitive interviews. The content validity index exceeded recommended thresholds (S-CVIAve = 0.926). The psychometric evaluation provided support for DLI-S' validity. The hypothesized six-factor model showed good fit (χ2 = 1107.631 p<0.001, CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.993, RMSEA = 0.064, SRMR = 0.054). High internal consistency reliability was demonstrated for the overall scale (Cronbach's α = 0.94) and each sub-scale (α 0.81–0.92). Test-retest reliability was acceptable, ICC ranging between 0.66–0.85. Through a comprehensive assessment of several sources of evidence, we show that the DLI-S demonstrates satisfactory validity and acceptability to measure death literacy in the Swedish context. There are, however, indications that the sub-scales measuring community capacity perform worse in comparison to other sca and may function differently in Sweden than in the original context. The DLI-S has potential to contribute to research on community-based EOL interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To perform the first psychometric analysis of the Norwegian version of the eHLQ using confirmative factor analysis (CFA) procedures in a population of patients admitted to hospital using a cross-sectional design. The eHLQ consists of 35 items capturing the 7-dimensional eHealth Literacy Framework (eHLF) which describes users' attributes, user's interaction with technologies and user's experience with digital health systems. Methods: The 7 independent scales of the eHLQ was translated from Danish and culturally adapted into the Norwegian language following a standardised protocol. Assessment of construct validity of the eHLQ was undertaken using data from a cross-sectional survey of 260 patients hospitalized at a Norwegian University Hospital in the Oslo area during a two-week period in June 2021. The analysis included using correlation analysis (Pearsons R), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: All factor loadings were high to acceptable (i.e. > 0.6), except for five items which had somewhat lower loadings. Regarding internal consistency, alpha ranged from 0.73 to 0.90. For optimal CFA fit for the different scale models, correlated residuals were required for five of the seven scales. Overall our analysis shows an intermediate fit of the orginal construct. Scale intercorrelations were all below 0.8, indicating an overall acceptable discriminant validity between the 7 dimensions. Conclusions: The results from the CFA analysis indicate that for almost all 7 eHLQ scales, an acceptable model fit was achieved. The 260 hospitalized patients included in this study represented a variety of diagnoses, recruited from a geographically limited area. Further studies on psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of eHLQ in larger samples, diverse settings and by using more comprehensive approaches are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Bilateral Vestibulopathy Questionnaire (BVQ) is a recently developed 54-itemPatient ReportedOutcomeMeasure (PROM) that evaluates the clinically important symptoms of bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) and its impact on daily life. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the BVQ in a large BVP cohort. Methods: Patients diagnosed with BVP were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, including the BVQ, the EuroQol-5D-5L, the Health Utilities Index, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Oscillopsia Severity Questionnaire. The construct validity of the BVQ was evaluated by confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (CFA and EFA), followed by hypotheses testing and known groups validity. Structural properties were explored for each individual item. Reliability was assessed by testing the internal consistency of the BVQ constructs (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)]. Results: A total of 148 patients with BVP (50% women, mean age 66 years) completed the set of questionnaires. The CFA did not show a satisfactory model in the original BVQ. However, the EFA showed a four-factor solution with 20 Likert-scale items related to oscillopsia, imbalance, emotion, and cognition. The succeeding CFA provided evidence for construct validity and an acceptable model of fit. Hypothesis testing confirmed that this shortened version validly measures the constructs to be measured. Statistically significant differences in scores between known groups were found, providing further support for good construct validity. The structural properties were acceptable. Cronbach's alpha confirmed good internal consistency for the four constructs, ranging from 0.80 to 0.89. The ICCs of the 20 Likert-scale items and four visual analog scale (VAS) items were interpreted as good (range 0.76-0.93). Conclusion: This study showed evidence of good construct validity of the new shortened version of the BVQ, consisting of four constructs with a total of 20 Likert-scale items and four VAS items. The final 24-itemBVQproved to be a reliable and valid multi-item PROM that captures the clinically important symptoms of BVP and evaluates its impact on daily life. Consequently, the BVQ enables the gathering of high-level evidence of treatment effectiveness in a systematic and quantitative manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been widely used all around the world to a great extent. Many of the MOOCs in different countries are in their native language, and there is a need to reliably assess the satisfaction levels of learners with various first languages since satisfaction stands as a critical aspect in identifying the reasons of dropouts and incontinence to MOOCs. To this end, this study aimed to translate Kumar and Kumar's (2020) "MOOC Student Satisfaction Survey" into Turkish. The researchers first translated the instrument items from English to Turkish before consulting a panel of three English experts and one Turkish expert on the suitability of the translation. A professional translator then backtranslated the scale to English, ensuring that no items were lost in translation. To establish content validity, changes were done in view of the professional feedback. The translated scale was subsequently administered to 150 former massive open online course participants for testing validity and reliability. Since this was a translation study, the same constructs of the original scale were retained, and a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, the results of which indicated acceptable levels of validity with one item being discarded. As for the reliability values, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale was .91, and the split-half reliability score was .87, indicating that the scale maintains good internal consistency. Therefore, it was determined that the scale's Turkish translation was valid and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The white cane is globally an important tool in orientation and mobility for blind and visually impaired people, but it is not often used. The goal of this study was to develop and validate the white cane use perceived advantages and disadvantages (WCPAD) questionnaire for detecting effective factors in the use or non-use of canes. Method: The initial questionnaire items were extracted through semi-structured interviews with 21 blind or severely impaired vision individuals under two main themes, the perceived advantages, and disadvantages of using a white cane. Linguistic validity and writing evaluation with seven experts, face validity with 23 blind persons, content validity ratio (CVR), and content validity index (CVI) were used for assessment of validity. Internal and external reliability assessment was done using Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Explanatory factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors of the questionnaire; then, corrected item-total correlations, convergent and discriminant validity, and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were done, and model fit indices were reported. A total of 320 blind and severe visual impaired individuals (138 males and 182 females) participated in the study. The final questionnaire contained 12 questions in perceived advantages and 21 in perceived disadvantages. Results: Three factors (social participation, mobility, and culture) extracted for perceived advantages which explained 67.95% of the total variance, Cronbach-α for the three extracted factors was between 0.75 and 0.91. Four factors (social, safety, ergonomics, and family) for perceived disadvantages were extracted which explained 50.98% of the total variance. Cronbach-α for the four extracted factors was from 0.75 to 0.88. CFA confirmed the final models for perceived advantages and disadvantages. Conclusion: WCPAD questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and the factors obtained from factor analysis can measure the reasons for using or otherwise of white canes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The working conditions of individuals in their workplaces must have human conditions. The characteristics that should be in a decent job are listed as safe working conditions, sufficient free time and rest hours, organizational values that complement family and social values, adequate compensation, and access to health services. The aim of this research is to study the validity and reliability of the Future Decent Work Scale on Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School students which measures individuals' perceptions of decent work that they can obtain in the future. Within the scope of the validity and reliability studies of the scale, data were collected from 545 Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School students. In order to test the construct validity of the scale, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used and criterion-related validity was examined. Cronbach Alpha and McDonald's Omega coefficients were calculated for reliability evidences. CFA results revealed that, the goodness of fit indices of the scale indicated good (GFI=.93, AGFI=.90) and acceptable (χ²/df=3.943, RMSEA=.074, SRMR=.069, CFI=.85) level of fit indices. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as .77 for the scale. These results show that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool on Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study appraises the psychometrics properties of the Inflammatory bowel disease-fatigue (IBD-F) Persian version questionnaire. Methods: The original IBD-F questionnaire was translated into the Persian version in a standard forward-back manner. The validation was performed through the face, content, and construct validity. Fifteen experts scored each item's necessity on an ordinal Likert scale of three; then, the content validity ratio was calculated using the Lawshe formula. Eight judges from pre-defined panel rated each item on an ordinal 4-point Likert scale concerning its relevancy, clarity, and simplicity for individual-CVI calculation. The mean individual-CVI was considered as the Scale-CVI for each domain. Twenty lay experts (selected from the target population) were asked to express their opinion on each item's importance by scoring on a 5-point Likert scale; subsequently, face validity was determined by the impact score formula. The questions that had minimum values of CVR, CVI, and impact score were retained in the final version of the questionnaire for reliability evaluation. Construct validity was evaluated via Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were checked using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Fifty-four patients recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to participate in the reliability analysis. Results: All the questions received the qualified values of CVR (exceeding 0.49 points) and impact score (more than 1.5 points) and were retained in the questionnaire; however, revisions were made for questions with a CVI 0.7–0.9 for clarity and simplicity. The result demonstrated relative goodness CFA and proper internal consistency, as Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.964 for the test (0.845 and 0.963 for the first and second part of the questionnaire, respectively (and 0.888 for the re-test (0.793 and 0.876 for the first and second section of the questionnaire, respectively). The ICC values between test and re-test for the first and second part and the whole questionnaire were obtained as 0.904, 0.922, and 0.921, respectively. Conclusion: The Persian version of the IBD-F questionnaire was valid and reliable; thus, an appropriate scale was deemed to measure fatigue (severity, frequency, and impact on daily activities). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The perfectionistic self‐presentation scale (PSPS)–junior form is a self‐report questionnaire used to measure perfectionistic self‐presentation in children and adolescents. It consists of 18 items and 3 subscales, including perfectionistic self‐promotion, non‐display of imperfection, and nondisclosure of imperfection. Methods: The present study aimed to determine the psychometrics of the Persian version of the PSPS. A descriptive study was conducted on 345 samples (269 girls) who responded to the questionnaire. Results: The findings confirmed the internal consistency and composite reliability (CR) of this scale (CR = 0.744). Further, the Persian PSPS has acceptable face and content validities. Construct and convergent validities were also measured and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The correlational analysis of the research variables showed that the PSPS is positively correlated with the Child‐Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (0.566) and the children's and adolescents' dysfunctional attitudes scale (0.420). Conclusion: Overall, the results indicated that the Persian version of the PSPS has acceptable psychometrics and can yield accurate results in Iranian samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: In response to the impact of religious intervention on health outcomes and the importance of documenting how nurses experience the spiritual need of 392 hospitalized patients, it is vital to provide the nursing profession with instruments to evaluate these spiritual aspects. This study describes the development and validation of the Nursing Care and Religious Diversity Scale (NCRDS); (2) Methods: A two-step design was used for NCRDS translation and psychometric validation. The tool design was developed in the first step, while the psychometric characteristics were tested in the second step. An inductive study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the NCRDS tool. The overall sample consisted of 317 nurses; (3) Results: The final instrument comprised 25 items in five dimensions. The construct validity indicated five dimensions. The face and content validity were adequate. Test-retest reliability displayed good stability, and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was acceptable (0.83); (4) Conclusions: Initial testing of the NCRDS suggested that it is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate individuals in religious diversity, with five dimensions for evaluating the meaning of spirituality and individual belief, the religious healthcare environment, educational adequacy, spiritual and religious needs, and religious plurality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To further evaluate the postoperative recovery profile regarding its psychometric properties. Background. The postoperative recovery profile is an instrument for the self-assessment of general postoperative recovery that has received increased attention within nursing research. However, psychometric evaluation during development was sparse. Design. Psychometric evaluation was done using classical test theory. Method. Data quality, targeting, reliability, and scaling assumptions were measured. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity. Data collection was made during 2011–2013. Result. Data derived from this study showed acceptable quality; however, item distribution was skewed, with ceiling effects in the majority of items. Cronbach's alpha showed high internal consistency. Item-total correlations indicated unidimensionality, whereas six items demonstrated high correlations pointing at redundancy. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed problems related to dimensionality as the five proposed dimensions were highly correlated with each other. Furthermore, items were largely uncorrelated with the designated dimensions. Conclusion. This study shows that the postoperative recovery profile needs to be further developed to serve as a robust instrument within nursing as well as medical research. Arguably, values from the instrument should not be calculated at a dimensional level for the time being because of discriminant validity issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the Turkish validity and reliability of the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS) in women who applied for cancer screening. Methods: After the translation and cultural adaptation phase of CASS was completed, the Turkish version (T-CASS) was applied to 500 women who applied for cancer screening between December 2, 2019 and January 26, 2020, by face-to-face interview technique. The reliability of T-CASS was evaluated with internal consistency analysis and test-retest analysis. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated to evaluate internal consistency. The validity of the T-CASS was evaluated by content validity (according to the Davis technique) and construct validity. The accuracy of the six sub-dimensional structures was tested with first and second level Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the T-CASS was 0.659. Test-retest total scores of the T-CASS showed "moderate" correlation (r=0.488, p<0.001). The content validity results showed that all items were suitable for language validity according to the Davis Technique. According to the results of first and second order CFA, fit indices demonstrated a very good model fit. Conclusion: It was concluded that T-CASS is a "valid" and "moderately reliable" scale that can be used to measure cancer stigma in groups of women with similar sociodemographic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competitiveness of the laminated flooring industry was assessed in Iran. The statistical population was 200 persons, calculated using the stratified random method and the Cochran formula. The sample size was 132. After reviewing the literature, a conceptual model derived from the theoretical framework was presented. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Content validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. Its reliability was calculated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results were processed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed a significant relationship between factors affecting perceived value, environmental and intra-organizational factors, and competitiveness in the laminated flooring industry. The evaluation of the quality of the model showed that the factors affecting the perceived value (strong effect = 0.632) and intra-organizational factors and environmental factors (moderate effect = 0.211 and 0.171) that were calculated, respectively, had the greatest effect on competitiveness. Moreover, these independent variables allocated 91.6% of competitiveness variations as the dependent variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health literacy is closely related to health status. Measuring public health literacy levels helps to warn of health status and manage health problems through timely interventions. The items of relevant evaluation tools are complex and numerous in China, and there is no recognized health literacy brief scale for the whole population. To translate the 12-item short-form health literacy scale (HLS-SF12) and test the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the HLS-SF12 in the Chinese population. Methods: The HLS-SF12 was translated into Chinese using the procedures of translation, back translation, and cultural debugging. 10,951 residents were selected by quota sampling method to test the validity and reliability of the scale, and 33 people were selected to retest after 2 weeks. The reliability was tested by using internal consistency coefficient and test-retest reliability. The validity was tested by using confirmatory factor analysis, content validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Results: The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.94, and the test-retest reliability was 0.89. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficients for the three subscales of health care, disease prevention, and health promotion respectively were 0.86, 0.86, 0.87, and the test-retest reliability respectively were 0.91, 0.79, 0.63. The confirmatory factor analysis identified a three factors model and showed nice goodness of fit indices for Chinese HLS-SF12 (GFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.97, IFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, and RMSEA = 0.07). Conclusion: The Chinese version of the HLS-SF12 has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool to evaluate the health literacy of Chinese people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The safety attitudes questionnaire (SAQ) short form (2006) is important for assessing patient safety culture in clinical environments. However, little is known about its validity and applicability in Uganda. This study validated the SAQ short form (2006) for use in assessing patient safety culture in critical care settings of hospitals in the Ugandan context. Methods: Using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods research design, the face, content and construct validity for the SAQ short form (2006) was assessed in a multi-phased approach. A panel of eight (8) purposively selected experts assessed the face and content validity in rounds 1 and 2, respectively, while construct validity was assessed in round 3 using data from a cross-sectional survey of 256 frontline health workers in critical care settings of the selected hospitals. Analysis of survey data followed confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha examined internal reliability. Results: Of the 36 items in the tool's original version, 33 were rated clear, with a score of 100% on face validity. The use of contextual vocabulary and formatting issues arose as concerns. The S-CVI/Ave was 100%, and S-CVI/UA was 86.1%. Four new items added on effective communication as another dimension of patient safety culture. The survey had KMO=0.8605, the a priori-based model had a scale Cronbach's alpha=0.8881, with unsatisfactory goodness of fit (RMSEA=0.051, 90% CI: 0.044– 0.057, pclose=0.427; chi-square=694.28, p < 0.001; CFI=0.884, TLI=0.871). The modified final model had a scale Cronbach's alpha =0.8967 and satisfactory goodness of fit (RMSEA=0.030, 90% CI: 0.019– 0.039, pclose=1.000; chi-square=424.98, p=0.002; CFI=0.966, TLI=0.960). Conclusion: In the tool's original form, the face validity was lacking despite satisfactory scores on item clarity. Content validity was adequate, while construct validity required modifications in construct specifications. Reliability was adequate before and after specification modifications. The modified version has adequate psychometric properties for Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomophobia is considered a disorder of the modern world and describes the fear of being separated from one's smartphone and being no longer connected and reachable. The aims of this Study were to translate the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) into German, validate the NMP-Q-D, and use it to shed light on the nomophobia construct. A total of 807 volunteer test subjects were included in the evaluation, 50 of them participated five months later in a retest study. A 4-factor structure of the NMP-Q-D could be confirmed by exploratory as well as by confirmatory factor analyses. The four factors are: (1) "Not being able to communicate", (2) "Losing connectedness", (3) "Not being able to access information", and (4) "Giving up convenience". The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the NMP-Q-D was.92 and the test-retest-reliability was.80. Significant correlations of frequency of smartphone usage with time spent confirmed criterion validity of NMP-Q-D. Construct validity was given by significant correlations of NMP-Q-D to fear of missing out and smartphone addiction. Neuroticism was positively associated with nomophobia, while consciousness and openness were lightly negatively associated. Anxiety correlated significantly positively with factor 1, and stress with factors 1 and 4. Life satisfaction was positively associated with factor 3 and well-being negatively with factor 4. A multiple regression analysis revealed smartphone usage, gender, and neuroticism as significant predictors of nomophobia. Females scored significantly higher for factors 1 and 4 compared to males. Nomophobia was rather widespread in the sample: Nearly half of the participants (49.4%) had a moderate level of nomophobia and 4.1% a severe nomophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a common psychological problem in Chinese pregnant women. FOC can influence both maternal health and infants' wellness. Special assessment tools for FOC in Mandarin Chinese are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Mandarin Chinese of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A (W-DEQ-A). Methods: We recruited 364 Chinese pregnant women from April 2021 to July 2021. Translation and cultural adaptation, as well as reliability and validity testing were conducted. Analyses included the content validity, structural validity, criterion-related validity, convergent validity and reliability. The content validity indices were used to assess the content validity of the tool. The structural validity was tested through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the W-DEQ-A Chinese version. Results: The Chinese translation showed excellent similarities and equivalence to the original version, with the satisfactory content validity. Factor analysis indicated 5 factors, accounting for 57% of the total variance. Both criterion-related validity and convergent validity proved to be acceptable. The reliability was tested with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.911 for the total scale. Conclusion: The W-DEQ-A Chinese version is a reliable and valid tool to identify FOC in Mandarin Chinese-speaking populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) examines early adaptive or positive schemas as a counterpart to early maladaptive ones. This study investigated the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the YPSQ (CYPSQ). Methods: A convenient community sample of 634 individuals, most of whom were college students, were recruited through a mobile survey. R Careless was used to screen for careless responses. A final sample of 336 was obtained. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) of the CYPSQ were conducted using SPSS AMOS 25. Other statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 25. Results: An 11-factor CYPSQ was identified with an acceptable factor structure (χ²/df = 2.13, SRMR = 0.04, RMSEA = 0.06, GFI = 0.80, TLI = 0.90, and CFI = 0.91). Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed in most aspects. Concurrent validity was evident with resilience, life satisfaction, depression, and anxiety. Internal reliability was satisfied as the Cronbach's alphas of the 11 factors of the CYPSQ ranged between 0.70 and 0.88. Conclusion: The findings supported the reliability and validity of the CYPSQ in Mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To validate the "Patient Evaluation of Emotional Care During Hospitalization" (PEECH) questionnaire, which assesses hospitalised patients' emotional experiences, in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Interventions: Prospective study. The PEECH consists of three sections and four sub-scales: "level of security", "level of knowing", "level of personal value", and "level of connection". The questionnaire was completed by 253 hospitalised patients. Expert judgement was used to analyse the content validity and factor analysis was performed to confirm construct validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the internal consistency of the four sub-scales. Results: In the confirmatory factor analysis of the four sub-scales, the weights of all questions were found to be significant (>1). The internal consistency of the PEECH questionnaire was 0.86 (Cronbach's alpha) and the homogeneity index was high (>0.50). Conclusion: The PEECH questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the perception of emotional care in ICU patients. The information gathered can help provide more comprehensive care for patients in the ICU and in other hospitalised patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the fact that clinicians face uncertainty in their decisions, there is no comprehensive framework to measure it in medical practices which is the knowledge gap especially for Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Persian questionnaire which is designed to measure different determining aspects of uncertainty from clinical physicians' perspectives in Iran. Methods: Clinical Uncertainty Measurement Questionnaire (CUMQ) has been derived from a mixed method study since March 2019 to January 2021. To exclude raw items of the questionnaire, the literature was reviewed and in-depthinterviews were implemented with 24 residents,specialists and sub-specialists in all major clinical fields which resulted in the first theoretical uncertainty in clinical decision making framework. CUMQ content validity has been evaluated using content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). The structural validity of the questionnaire was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and factor loading and t-value for each indicator of uncertainty is reported. Moreover, to analyze the research model we used the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique using the SmartPLS software. Convergent (using Average Variance Extracted (AVEs) for each latent variable) and discriminant validity (using the criteria of Fornell and Larckerand cross loading) of the model was also evaluated. After that, the quality of the model was evaluated adjustment through predictive validity (Q2) and effect size (f2). In addition, the reliability was also assessed using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Results: The CVR and CVI ranged from 0. 80 to 1. 00 which illustrates high content validity. Out of 30 items, 24 items had acceptable factor loading and remained in the questionnaire which have been categorized as five main clinical uncertainty dimensions; general determinants, individual determinants of the physician, individual determinants of patient, dynamics of medical sciences, diagnostic and instrumental limitations. The value of composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha for all dimensions were above the threshold value of 0. 7 and the reliability has been confirmed. As AVE values were greater than 0. 5, convergent validity is confirmed. The result of Fornell-Larcker and cross-loadings also indicated that discriminant validity is well established. Conclusion: This CUMQ is as avalid and reliable instrument and a suitable tool to measure clinical uncertainty in the Iranian Medical community. However, the reliability of this questionnaire can be studied in other languages and in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Existence Scale (ES) is a theory-based measure assessing personal fulfillment and finding meaning in life. This study aims to translate the ES into Arabic language and test its psychometric properties in Jordan populations. A methodological design was performed on a convenience sample of 551 participants by three samples of nurses, schoolteachers, and undergraduate students. Data collection was carried out between February and May 2019. Translation and back translation, face validity (Important Score>1.5), content validity ratio (CVR>0.62) and index (CVI/Ave>0.80), construct, convergent, and discriminant validity were obtained. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and average variance extracted were investigated in this study. The results showed that five items were deleted based on content validity ratio and four items were deleted based on their low factor loading. The exploratory factor analysis showed four subscales for the translated ES (37 items), explaining 61.57% of the variance collectively. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the four subscales with acceptable goodness of fit indices. The result of the total Cronbach's alpha for the ES was 0.93, and for subscales it ranged from 0.88 to 0.93. Composite reliability and average variance extracted results for the translated ES were supportive of the reliability. These results confirm that the translated Arabic version of the ES (37 items) in Jordan populations is acceptable regarding validity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a scale to assess high school students' programming disposition. The scale was developed by utilizing a standardized test development process. The three constructs of the scale, namely confidence, persistence and flexible thinking, consisted of 9 items (3 items on each construct). Participants for the formal test of the scale were 1,332 students from 11 high schools. The validity and reliability of the programming disposition scale were validated via internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, correlation coefficient of each subscale and confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis results showed that this scale is valid and reliable. The scale can serve as an assessment tool to assist teachers to instruct students learning programming, and help students determine whether taking programming courses in high school or pursuing programming-related majors in university. The effects of individual differences on programming disposition were also discussed to provide feasible educational implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stigma of infertility negatively affects health, resulting in mental distress and poor quality of life. An appropriate scale is essential to examine the stigma experienced by infertile women and provide adequate interventions. Therefore, we developed a Japanese version of the Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS). After examining the content validity of this scale, we conducted an online survey of women undergoing fertility treatment to test the scale's structural validity, internal consistency, intra-rater reliability, known-groups validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. A total of 254 participants were included in the analysis. The results of confirmatory factor analysis of four factors based on the original scale revealed the optimal fit. Cronbach's alpha was 0.95 for the total score. Concerning test–retest analysis, the total score of the ISS and subscale had a high Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ = 0.61–0.88, p < 0.001). For convergent validity, the association between the ISS and social support, self-esteem, and family functioning was significantly negatively correlated. The results of the multitrait scaling analysis scale showed that correlations of all items exceeded 0.40, and scaling errors (7/81, 8.6%) were few. The Japanese version of the ISS was confirmed to have acceptable reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS) offers a method to measure the quality of life and satisfaction of patients taking oral anticoagulants. The study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the DASS in Chinese patients on anticoagulation therapy. Methods: The DASS was translated, back-translated, and transculturally adapted into the Chinese version and then administered to participants taking oral anticoagulants in a physician–pharmacist collaborative anticoagulation clinic at a tertiary teaching hospital from October 2019 to December 2020. Reliability was analyzed through Cronbach's alpha (α) and split-half reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the structural validity of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis was performed for items in the scales using the varimax rotation method. Results: A total of 189 patients completed the Chinese version of the DASS. Four dimensions and 23 items were included, with Cronbach's α values of 0.89, 0.81, 0.89, and 0.74 for limitations on physical activities, diet restrictions, hassles and burdens, and positive psychological effect, respectively. Cronbach's α coefficient of whole scale was 0.91. The split-half reliability of this scale is 0.747 (>0.7). Conclusion: The Chinese version of the DASS indicated excellent reliability and validity, compared to the original version. It could provide a practical instrument for healthcare practitioners to evaluate satisfaction and quality of life for anticoagulated patients in China. The difference in quality of life between patients taking warfarin and novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) needs to be further explored in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to adapt the Turkish version and assess the cultural and psychometric properties of the Caregiving Competence Scale (CCS). Methods: CCS-Turkish form (CCS-TR) was tested in a sample of 337 family caregivers of patients who had a stroke. The explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out for construct validity. The item-total score correlations, Cronbach's Alpha value, and split-half test were calculated for reliability. The score on the scale was 4-16 points. Results: The mean age of the caregivers was found to be 47.48 ± 14.52 years, whereas the mean age of patients who had a stroke was 70.34±12.04 years. According to expert opinion, the content validity index score of the scale was 0.83. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the single-factor structure revealed a good fit. The Cronbach's Alpha value was 0.83, whereas the split-half reliability value was r: 0.82. The total score of the scale was determined as 11.5±1.74. Conclusion: This study revealed high validity and reliability values of the CCS-TR, which suggests that the scale can be safely used. The presence of CCS in different languages is an advantage for conducting comparative studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to contribute to the adaptation of the Self-Monitoring Scale for a Portuguese sample and the examination of the possibility of reducing the scale's length. Considering the psychometric inconsistency of the scale reported in the literature, several analysis criteria to identify the number of factors to be retained were considered. The study included 791 Portuguese men and women aged 17 to 61 years. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis to assess construct validity, Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency, and fit indices (based on IRT). The results indicate a two-dimensional structure with a reduction to 9 items, which shows good values for validity and fit. This study proposes a reduced version of the self-monitoring scale for a Portuguese sample, considering that the use of this method is valuable to identify how individuals differ in the way they present themselves in social situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a scale for measuring infection prevention behavior of individuals and to verify its validity and reliability for the general population. Patients and Methods: The scale items were selected using a literature review on the chain of infection and its content validity. There were 297 study participants, all of whom provided informed consent. Data were collected online from September 3 to September 8, 2020, using Google Survey in Korea. The scale's construct validity was verified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, criterion validity was Pearson's Correlation, and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Results: Twelve items and three factors were selected after a factor and an exploratory factor analysis of 29 scale items. The three factors were pathogen blocking, transmission blocking, and immunity enhancement. A confirmatory factor analysis validated the model goodness of fit, and the convergent validity and discriminant validity of the scale were verified. The correlation coefficient with a scale for respiratory infection prevention practice was 0.69, thereby confirming the criterion validity of the scale. The reliability of the final scale (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.86. Conclusion: This scale is reflective of the social features of the Korean adult population, and it is easy and concise to be administered to general public, making it useful for subsequent studies on infection prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Collaboration, as a key factor in disaster risk management, is a mechanism that prevents the loss of time, investment, and resources. The variety of units in the health sector has made collaboration a major challenge. The present study aimed at developing a tool for assessing collaboration in the health sector during disasters. Methods: In this mixed-methods study, a questionnaire was developed by integrating the findings of a systematic literature review and a qualitative study. Face and content validation were performed. The reliability of the tool was tested through a 15-day interval test–retest by Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 30 participants. Confirmatory factor analysis was done to test the validity and reliability of instrument using SmartPLS in a case study with 450 health sector staff. Results: The factors affecting intraorganizational collaboration of the health sector were identified in six categories and 19 subcategories by searching 46 articles in the systematic review and content analysis of 16 semistructured interviews with health sector staff. The results of content validity ratio (=0.81), content validity index (=0.92), Cronbach's alpha (=0.975), and ICC (=0.970) confirmed the validity and reliability of the tool. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability were approved by AVE (average variance extracted) >0.5, Fornell and Larcker matrix, and CR (composite reliability) >0.7. According to the positive result of R2, Q2, and goodness-of-fit (GOF) criteria, the model fit was confirmed. Conclusion: The results of validity and reliability measurements approved the proposed tool. The use of this tool is recommended for developing collaboration in the health sectors of different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Stigma (AAQ-S-K) in people with diabetes. A total of 208 patients with diabetes participated in the study. After performing forward and backward translation of the original version of the AAQ-S into Korean, its validity (construct and concurrent validity) and reliability were assessed. Construct validity measured using confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit. Concurrent validity was confirmed through the significant correlation between the AAQ-S-K, acceptance and action, diabetes self-stigma and diabetes distress. The AAQ-S-K was positively correlated with acceptance and action and had a negative correlation with diabetes self-stigma and diabetes distress. The reliability of the AAQ-S-K ranged from 0.82 to 0.88. The AAQ-S-K can be applied to assess stigma acceptance and action in Korean patients with diabetes and to compare the level of psychological flexibility of patients with diabetes internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]