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This article explores the relationship between soil ecology, food systems, and organic waste, highlighting the often overlooked interconnectedness of these factors. It discusses the changes in food production and consumption that have led to the prevalence of processed foods and the associated rise in obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. The article also addresses the environmental implications of modern agriculture, such as soil depletion and reduced biodiversity, as well as the impact of organic waste and greenhouse gas emissions on climate change. Possible solutions are proposed, including sustainable agricultural practices, recycling organic waste through composting and biochar production, and shifting dietary habits towards a greater focus on produce. The importance of accessibility and affordability of nutrient-rich foods is emphasized, along with the potential benefits of community gardens, urban farms, and food forests. The text emphasizes the need for collective efforts to change our approach to food in order to improve our health and the health of the planet. It highlights the importance of viewing food systems as interconnected networks and suggests that healing the soil can lead to better nutritional quality in our food, increased agricultural yields, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The text also mentions the decline in the nutritional quality of foods and the potential benefits of practices such as crop rotation, no-till farming, and biochar application. It discusses the environmental impacts of food waste and the potential benefits of programs like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and produce prescriptions in improving access to healthy food. Additionally, it mentions the positive effects of community gardens on diet, health, and [Extracted from the article]

This paper evaluates how the contribution of scientific publications on climate change from the University of São Paulo (USP) evolved between 1989 and 2022. The study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 2874 research articles collected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases to explore main trend topics and reveal influential journals and collaboration networks using the Bibliometrix software. The study shows an increasing and more significant temporal publication distribution from 2010 onwards. Based on the author's affiliations, results indicate that the most important partnerships are national (67%), while the international co-authorships are predominantly with research collaborators of the Global North (North America and Europe). Several papers published in the period are in high-impact factor journals, evidence on climate change from USP. Environmental services, Atlantic Forest, Tropical Forest, Amazon, biodiversity, and Land use are the hotspot research topics to which USP researchers contribute. The evolution of three thematic groups was identified: (i) physical science, (ii) causes and effects, and (iii) strategies, discussed in themes such as organic matter, deforestation, and mitigation, respectively. This research is helpful to get insights into the current research development trends, to show the broadness of the scientific production, and the importance of the USP role in the climate change theme. Ultimately, it provides valuable information for further studies and suggests the possibility of advancing the research agenda on climate change with the Global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study that examines the factors contributing to tree mortality in tropical forests. The research finds that the traits of trees in current forests are more important for predicting changes in forest health than climate projections or rising CO2 levels. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the trait composition of forests, particularly in tropical regions. The findings suggest that future forest health may depend more on existing traits than on climate change. The study also highlights the need for collaboration between field ecology and vegetation model development. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the impact of climate change on developmental physiology in various organisms. It discusses the threats posed by climate change, such as heat stress, food and water security, extreme weather events, and habitat vulnerability. The article emphasizes the importance of researching the physiological effects of climate change on developing organisms and understanding these effects for society. It also examines specific topics related to climate change and developmental physiology, such as the impact of temperature on sea urchin larvae and the effects of extreme temperatures on the growth and reproductive capabilities of certain organisms. Additionally, the article discusses the association between ambient temperature, humidity, and preterm birth risk. It highlights the need for further research in this area to fully understand how climate change affects developmental processes. [Extracted from the article]

As disruptions from climate change increase, so will the urgency to find shorter-term approaches to ameliorating its harms. This may include calls to implement solar geoengineering, an approach to cooling the planet by reflecting incoming sunlight back to space. While the exact effects of solar geoengineering are still highly uncertain, physical science to date suggests that it may be effective at reducing many aspects of climate change in the short term. One of the biggest concerns about solar geoengineering is the extent to which it may interfere with crucial emissions reductions policies, i.e. mitigation. There are multiple channels by which geoengineering could alter mitigation pathways, both financial and behavioural. Here we define three such linkages and present the evidence available to constrain their potential magnitudes. Because solar geoengineering is not a substitute for mitigation, policies to develop or implement technologies that could be used to carry it out should be designed to accentuate its complementary nature to mitigation and deter the possibility it is used to delay decarbonizing the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the significance of incorporating climate change into the planning and management of marine areas in Sweden. It emphasizes the potential harm that climate change can have on marine ecosystems, which may be as detrimental as other human activities combined. The article introduces Symphony, a software tool used for marine spatial planning, and discusses how adding climate change into its calculations reveals the significant impact it will have on the marine environment. The researchers recommend adaptive management and the identification of climate refugia as strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change and protect valuable ecosystems. The article stresses the importance of monitoring climate change in the sea and making informed decisions to ensure the sustainable use of the ocean. [Extracted from the article]

To illustrate the use of the facilities, summary results from two case study experiments are presented: (1) a salinity gradient experiment comprising 16 salinity levels (range: 0-50 g L SP -1 sp ); and (2) a heatwave experiment where two different temperature regimes (no heatwave and +6 °C for two weeks) were crossed with two salinity levels (4 and 40 g L SP -1 sp ). In [[7]], salinity-eutrophication interactive effects on the food web were studied in 20 lakes of different salinity (from freshwater to hypersaline) and nutrient status (from oligotrophic to eutrophic) located in southern Siberia. Each mesocosm received 30 cm sediment to simulate a realistic sediment biogeochemistry and redox gradient, and they were inoculated with biota from lakes and surface sediment from lakes with contrasting salinities (same at both places), leading to highly synchronized experiments at the two locations. Increased Water Abstraction and Climate Change Have Substantial Effect on Morphometry, Salinity, and Biotic Communities in Lakes: Examples from the Semi-Arid Burdur Basin (Turkey). [Extracted from the article]

The presence of snow, ice, and permafrost creates an intricate environment that uses the cold as a resource to develop unique forms of infrastructures. The articles featured in this special section highlight the crucial role of snow, ice, and permafrost in building, maintaining and sustaining human-environment relations in cold environments, particularly in the Arctic. Recent studies show that permafrost degradation poses a significant threat to built infrastructure (Hjort et al. [15]), resulting in substantial costs (Streletskiy et al. [33], [32]). The study of infrastructures has seen a growing interest in recent years across academic disciplines and global regions. [Extracted from the article]

Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat 39 Rosenkranz RRE, Ullrich S, Lochli K, Simm S, Fragkostefanakis S. 2022. Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat 6 Bloom AJ, Plant RE. 2021. Keywords: Adaptation; climate change; drought; elevated CO 2; heat stress; mitigation; resilience EN Adaptation climate change drought elevated CO 2 heat stress mitigation resilience 1297 1302 6 03/15/23 20230313 NES 230313 B Climate change is mostly driven by the increase of atmospheric CO SB 2 sb concentration. [Extracted from the article]

In addition, both Wang et al. [[14]] and Yang et al. [[15]] concluded that soil moisture plays a more dominant role in precipitation-use efficiency and evapotranspiration-precipitation coupling. Often referred to as "the Third Pole" and "the Roof of the World", the Tibetan Plateau (TP) conserves vast areas of mountain glaciers, permafrost, and seasonally frozen soil and is the largest high-elevation portion of the cryosphere sensitive to global climate change [[2]]. Conclusions This Special Issue compiles the up-to-date progress on the following: land surface energy budget, glacier/snow phenology, the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation, properties of land surface characteristic parameters, evaluations of current models and products, and high-altitude lake processes over the TP and its surrounding regions. The highest (lowest) concentration of small raindrops was observed in monsoon (winter) precipitation, while large raindrops dominated the premonsoon precipitation [[12]]. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: sea-level rise; climate change; ice sheet; Greenland; Antartica EN sea-level rise climate change ice sheet Greenland Antartica 1 4 4 12/29/22 20221201 NES 221201 The Iselin Marine Facility overlooks Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole Passage, and Great Harbor in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Ice sheet and climate processes driving uncertainty in projections of future sea level rise: Findings from a structured expert judgment approach. Grinsted et al. ([11]) build on previous efforts by considering the most recent generation of climate, ice-sheet, and glacier models, and by quantifying sensitivities of individual contributors to global sea level rise, including the ice sheets. Sea-level rise, climate change, ice sheet, Greenland, Antartica. [Extracted from the article]

Assessment of the influence of human activities on recent, current, and future global and regional climate conditions and extremes has advanced sufficiently to provide a reasonable measure of its impact across the globe. The lack of concurrent adaptation of the design base for load bearing structures results mainly from the absence of a clear signal that climate change will have a significant effect on the climate actions that are accounted for in the structural design basis. The recent IPCC assessment of the physical science basis of climate change reports significant advances in observing and projecting changes in weather and climate extremes due to human influences. This provides an opportunity to reassess projections of future climate action conditions. Whilst the IPCC assessment confirms previous indications that, for example extreme wind will respond moderately globally, improvements in understanding and projecting changes show that trends will be overshadowed by uncertainties. The implication is that the design base will need to account for increasing uncertainties as climate actions are projected into the future, over the service life of existing structures, as well as those designed to current standards. The design base consequently in advance need to reflect continuous changes of existing structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IPCC's scientific assessment of the timing of net‐zero emissions and 2030 emission reduction targets consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C or 2°C rests on large scenario databases. Updates to this assessment, such as between the IPCC's Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C (SR1.5) of warming and the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), are the result of intertwined, sometimes opaque, factors. Here we isolate one factor: the Earth System Model emulators used to estimate the global warming implications of scenarios. We show that warming projections using AR6‐calibrated emulators are consistent, to within around 0.1°C, with projections made by the emulators used in SR1.5. The consistency is due to two almost compensating changes: the increase in assessed historical warming between SR1.5 (based on AR5) and AR6, and a reduction in projected warming due to improved agreement between the emulators' response to emissions and the assessment to which it is calibrated. Plain Language Summary: The IPCC's latest physical science report, the Working Group 1 Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), was released in August 2021. That report includes an update to the tools used to project the climate outcome of emission scenarios. Here we apply these newly calibrated tools, called earth system model emulators, to the set of scenarios assessed in the IPCC's Special Report on warming of 1.5°C (SR1.5). We find that two compensating changes lead to a remarkable consistency (peak warming projections within 0.1°C) between the projections made by the emulators used in SR1.5 and their descendants used in AR6. First, updates to the historical warming assessment since the SR1.5 (which was based on the IPCC's 2013 physical science report (AR5)) increase future warming projections. However, improved consistency between the emulators and the assessment of the underlying physics, particularly the short‐term warming response to emissions, lowers warming projections by an approximately equivalent amount. Our work reinforces the key messages from the IPCC: limiting warming to around 1.5°C is a great and urgent challenge, and it is up to us to decide whether we pull out all the stops to hold temperatures around 1.5°C or whether we sail on by. Key Points: Emulators used in IPCC Special Report on warming of 1.5°C and Sixth Assessment Report are remarkably consistent, despite their entirely new calibrationsThe consistency is due to two compensating factors: change in assessed historical warming and improvements to emulator calibration methods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on safeguarding and strengthening our natural systems is crucial to securing a liveable future. Topics include the marine seismic surveys for the hydrocarbon industry are effectively a harbinger of additional GHGs, and the South Africa is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, so should do everything in its power to avert a rise in GHG emissions.

The increase in simulated flood inundation areas and depths (6%-31% for different GCMs) in the future showed the importance of improving flood management tools for the sustainable development of urban water environments. The paper by Burch et al. (2010) addresses a different aspect of flood risk management in response to climate change and illustrates an advance in best practice for flood risk management and climate change planning. In terms of flood risk management, NBSs include natural flood management measures (NFMs), and these are the subject of the paper in this VSI by Dittrich et al. (2019). [Extracted from the article]

Studies to identify marginal snow environments (taking into account hemispheric differences in snow [Sanecki et al., 2006a]), like those that identify hotspots of snow cover change (e.g., Notarnicola, 2020), can guide where understanding the ecological value of snow is likely have the greatest benefit for informing conservation efforts. Keywords: climate change; phenology; snow manipulation; snow melt; subnivean; winter; bajo nieve; cambio climático; deshielo; fenología; invierno; manipulación de la nieve EN climate change phenology snow manipulation snow melt subnivean winter bajo nieve cambio climático deshielo fenología invierno manipulación de la nieve 1 13 13 03/02/22 20220201 NES 220201 Introduction Seasonal snow, which covers the ground for weeks to months each year, is a feature of many temperate and mountain ecosystems. The predominance of studies on alpine (cold, deep snow cover) and maritime snow (warm, deep snow cover) does not correspond to the relative frequencies of these 2 snow types across the landscape; each are <10% of snow-covered land area in the northern hemisphere. First, predictions for the direction and magnitude of change in snow conditions over the coming decades vary regionally and by elevation; marginal snow environments-those where temperatures are already close to freezing-are likely to experience the first and greatest losses of snow and thus the most rapid loss of snow-associated habitat (Notarnicola, 2020; Steger et al., 2013). [Extracted from the article]

A meta-analysis of multiple published simulations of crop yields predicts aggregate production losses for wheat, rice ( I Oryza sativa i ), and maize in both temperate and tropical regions by 2 °C warming with even greater crop losses in the second half of the 21st century (Challinor et al., 2014). Global emissions of CO SB 2 sb and other greenhouse gases have increased steadily since the pre-industrial era (Pedersen et al., 2021) leading to global temperature increases of >1 °C with most of this increase occurring within the last 50 years (IPCC, 2021). Also focusing on drought and the different molecular mechanisms involved in drought tolerance and drought recovery, Tang and Bassham (2022) address the important process of autophagy and its role in inducing drought tolerance. In their review article, Berrío et al. (2022) discuss several strategies to enhance drought resilience in crops focusing on "growth-centered" and "drought resilience without growth penalty" strategies. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report Six (AR6) Working Group I (WG1) report focus on the assessment of the global climate-carbon system with implications for adaptation and mitigation action in southern Africa. It mentions climate change attribution science is capable of quantifying the role of human influence in the occurrence of individual weather events.

As South African cities urbanise alongside climate change, resource constraints, and socio-economic challenges, water sensitive (urban) design (WSD) is slowly gaining traction as a framework to address water security goals and entrench resilience. This article reflects on the progression of WSD in South Africa and discusses the broadening of its initial association with stormwater and physical infrastructure to include critical governance and institutional arrangements and social engagements at the core of a water sensitive transition. The approach is being adapted for the socio-economic challenges particular to South Africa, including basic urban water and sanitation service provision, WSD related skills shortages, a lack of spatial planning support for WSD, and the need for enabling policy. Since 2014, a national WSD Community of Practice (CoP) has been a key driver in entrenching and advancing this approach and ensuring that the necessary stakeholders are involved and sufficiently skilled. The WSD CoP is aimed at promoting an integrative approach to planning water sensitive cities, bridging the gaps between theory and practice and blending the social and physical sciences and silo divisions within local municipalities. Three South African examples are presented to illustrate the role of a CoP approach with social learning aspects that support WSD : (1) the "Pathways to water resilient South African cities" interdisciplinary project which shows the institutional (policy) foundation for the integration of WSD into city water planning and management processes; (2) the Sustainable Drainage Systems training programme in the province of Gauteng which demonstrates a skills audit and training initiative as part of an intergovernmental skills development programme with academic partners; and (3) a working group that is being established between the Institute for Landscape Architecture in South Africa and the South African Institution of Civil Engineering which illustrates the challenges and efforts of key professions working together to build WSD capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We welcome a broader debate on this aspect of global responses to climate change, attempt to reconcile our views in the following. B replying to b A. Lanson et al. I Nature Communications i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31425-x (2022) In response to our recent paper[1] (hereafter SFL20) concerning the relation between natural variability in the climate system and the time to detect a response to emissions mitigation, Lanson et al.[2] (hereafter L22) call for 'a broader debate on how to best assess and communicate emerging effects of climate mitigation in the light of natural variability'. It is still efficient in revealing differences between the rapid climate response to aerosol perturbations, similar to the idealized test performed by L22, and the slower evolution from e.g. CO2 emissions. [Extracted from the article]

Forest ecosystems are vast, second in expanse only to marine ecosystems. Global climate change will substantially impact forest ecosystems, which, as the largest carbon pool on Earth, plays a critical role in mitigating climate change. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the comparison of glacial and future changes in productivity, emphasizing that glaciations do not provide information on the concentration at which carbon dioxide fertilization saturates, which depends on the limitation of water and nutrients, and plant physiology. The growing and pervasive warming of the climate system caused by human activities creates amplifying feedback as the terrestrial biosphere and the ocean responds to a changing climate.

However, although historically their emissions have been great, most of the developed economies decoupled their carbon emissions and economic growth with the decarbonizing industry, and peaked their emissions by the first decade of this century [[2]]. Although theoretically these countries emit much less CO SB 2 sb , they appear to be more sensitive and susceptible to climate change, and it is very difficult for academics to conduct thorough studies in order to understand their emission baselines and track their climate change mitigation efforts. Therefore, their work advocates international assistance for these emerging emitters and reveals the important role of historically major emitters in addressing global climate change, not only to provide technical and financial assistance to reduce emissions, but also to prioritize their own emission reduction agenda. [Extracted from the article]

(6) How can we improve forest management decision-support systems aiming at carbon sequestration based on their integration with process-based models and forest growth models? Climate change caused by industrial carbon emissions and land use/land cover changes is a widely concerning issue around the world and is closely related to the global carbon cycle. [Extracted from the article]