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The mainstream approach of regional integration impact assessments is mainly limited to assessing cross-border development projects/programmes. There is still a lack of critical assessment of how stakeholders at different institutional levels conceptualise the border. Local (municipal) strategic plans provide a reflection of the spatial imaginaries of stakeholders, perception planners, institutional power structures, and, to some extent meaning of the border to the local people. Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) in South Africa were adopted as an important development planning strategy in the post-apartheid era. IDPs of 49 borderland municipalities were systematically reviewed using the Key-Word-in-Context (KWIC) content analysis technique of the keyword 'border' to determine the importance of state borders in light of regional integration. Border security and management is one of the most common themes associated with the border. This suggested that borders were mainly perceived as threats and barely considered as a potential resource for cross-border cooperation or integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agribusiness has unleashed new territorial dynamics on the Brazil and Paraguay border. Derived from Brazilian public policies influenced by geopolitical objectives, the spillover of agribusiness into Paraguayan territory has created productive, commercial, and logistical networks that have intensified the porosity of this border. In light of this, criminal groups have used these networks to carry out cross-border crimes. Among these illicit acts, the illegal flow of pesticides and agrochemical inputs stands out, since they use the road network to transport and distribute these products to the thriving agribusiness segment, despite the asymmetry between sanitary and legal parameters between Brazil and Paraguay. Through a qualitative analysis of quantitative data and interviews with agents responsible for security in the Brazilian Border Strip, we identified the characteristics of this cross-border illicit flow and built a scenario for the period after the construction of the RILA, which will make the river border of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with the department of Alto Paraguay, Paraguay, between the cities of Porto Murtinho and Carmelo Peralta, more porous and therefore more vulnerable to these crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Border management has, on the one hand, grown beyond the conceptual limit that is the terminological definition of borders as lines separating countries to also factor in their development as areas. On the other, it should aim to strengthen state sovereignty and improve the welfare of its citizens. These often lead to the dichotomy between security and prosperity in border management approaches. Regionalism is an approach used to create regional integration across national borders, but this concept is strongly influenced by the interests of states on each side of the border. Therefore, this research explores if spatial interaction between border communities is controlled by the regionalism concept introduced by the state or, instead, grows organically as part of regionalization due to livelihoods that require border crossings. It used a case study of Sebatik Island in the Indonesia-Malaysia border area. The qualitative research design applied exploratory principles on the spatial interaction pattern formed between border communities and then synthesized the identified units of information on transboundary activities while considering government-issued policies on border management. Results showed that regionalism was only minimally implemented in managing the border area. It means that border landscapes in Indonesia are organically formed on the micro-scale even though the perspective of regionalism has long been adopted at the regional level, i.e., ASEAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the Syrian uprising in 2011, Syrian dissidents in Lebanon cultivated their revolutionary commitment with the support of Lebanese communities. This political solidarity morphed into humanitarian care toward wounded and displaced Syrians in response to the emergency created by the war. With the mutations of the war in Syria and the collapse of the revolution as a political project, these solidarities were reconfigured to tackle the everyday hardship of displacement. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Lebanon (2014–2019), the article retraces the manifold incarnations of revolutionary solidarity in Lebanon and their relation to the other side of the border. By moving away from hospitality, the article rethinks the Syrian displacement in Lebanon through the concept of solidarity and its spatial and temporal intricacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The language of one community has always been a form of individualization in relation to another community. It has always been a form of creating a consciousness of community belonging, of solidarity of individuals with the group. It is no wonder, therefore, that it has been used by certain states or political regimes to create and support identity disputes inside or outside a state, inside or outside communities. Language was then a political tool used by some states to create new forms of ethno-national identity that would justify membership/claiming territories or individualizing a population in relation to the main ethno-linguistic group. The purpose of this study is to identify and establish relationships between linguistic individualization and the political act or the political interest of the difference of opinions promotion of „ new" linguistic realities to justify or challenge certain state borders or ethno-national constructions. The space under analysis is that of Eastern and Balkan Europe, in particular that of the Republic of Moldova and Northern Macedonia. Methodologically, the focus of our analysis lies primarily on the identity boundaries generated by the specific ethno-religious, linguistic or cultural, but also by the nature of the mental specific to the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the operational institutions established at the community level for the fight against clandestine immigration through fraudulent border crossing, with the intention of entering the European Union states and the measures required regarding the intensification of control and the strengthening of surveillance of their maritime borders. The most important conceptual landmarks from a legal point of view are briefly analyzed, regarding the institutions entitled to take measures regarding the security of the maritime border, regarding the delimitation of the territorial sea as an institution of the international law of the sea in the context of the current significant challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borders are part of countries that are the end of national sovereignty and the starting of interaction to enter the international arena, and can play a role as a factor in creating war or in establishing friendship and interaction. Therefore, border control causes internal security and not cause problems with the neighboring country, but also reduces the problems. The present study investigates the effect of establishing a single ethnic group on both sides of the border for controlling it with emphasis on the Kurdish ethnic group. The method of the present research was descriptive-analytical and the data collected in two sections: library and field (questionnaire). The findings of the theoretical part of the research showed that based on theories related to border control and ethnicity, 29 variables selected totally as the main items of the research. In the field section, the results of the questionnaire analyzed by sending the questionnaire electronically to 35 border experts and in this way MicMac software used. The results of the present study show that 10 variables are the most important factors that influence border control on the areas of establishment of Kurdish ethnic group on both sides of the border. Lack of cultural cohesion on both sides of the border with the center, concentration of threats, unemployment, border planning, political instability, population size, terrorism, independence aspirations, political discrimination, the topographic situation of the border area, and the importance of political and security components in controlling the borders of Kurdish areas are those variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over sixty years the Attari-Wagah checkpoint at the border between India and Pakistan has been a site for the Beating Retreat, a colorful ceremony of lowering the national flags performed jointly by the Indian Border Security Force and the Pakistan Rangers. This emotional ritual is generally perceived as a demonstration of aggressive designs, on the one hand, and as a symbol of goodwill and possible cooperation between neighbouring countries, on the other. In recent decades visiting/viewing the border (sīmā darśan) has become an essential part of tourist packages for travellers in North-West India, while the notion of ‘patriotic pilgrimage’ has successfully been embedded in the Indian vocabulary (Raj, 2018). The visual component of the Attari-Wagah ceremony is central to performing the border and in building up national identity and patriotism (Schendel, 2007; Menon, 2013; Sheren, 2015; Jeychandran, 2016). No less important for border-making and boosting the visitors’ patriotic mood is the verbal component represented in slogans chanted from both sides (Hindustan zindabad; Bharat Mata ki jai etc. in India; Pakistan zindabad; Nara-e takbir etc. in Pakistan). Spectators take up the slogans and thus become active participants in the performance: by praising respective countries they join explicit and implicit dialogues with fellow participants as well as with the ‘other’ across the border. Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of dialogism (Bakhtin, 1986) this paper focuses on the ‘slogan dialogue’ role in the patriotic pilgrimages to the Attari-Wagah border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past two decades, everyday politics of infrastructure have garnered rich scholarly attention. A polysemous infrastructure that permeates everyday life, roads for long have emerged as effective sites of state craft. Employing the case of a road leading to the Sino-Indian border area of Tawang, this article argues that roads are critical to the project of border-making and management. Drawing from my road journeys to Tawang, I discuss the ways in which roads are strategised by the state to govern its border citizens. Often, visual proximity of roads casts the impression of the state which is near to its people. However, this article foregrounds that even through their conspicuous absence and disrepair, roads register the palpable presence of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses Qing China's interaction with Southeast Asia in the context of border enforcement, that is, the control of movement, and expression of sovereignty. It employs both the imperial logic and the commoners' daily logic to consider how these three topics interacted with each other in the eighteenth century. I argue that the Qing court considered these issues not in terms of population, territory, or maritime prohibition, but from a standpoint of security and stability, around which the border concerns, ways of controlling people, and sovereignty were all organized. For commoners, simply making a living was the primary concern and the court's overseas activities had little to do with identity, or an anachronistic concept of sovereignty. The Qing court forbade journeys to Luzon and Batavia, the "barbarian countries" dominated by Spanish and Dutch colonial powers, but intentionally left the door open for commoners to travel to Vietnam. However, when those Chinese people stirred up trouble in Vietnam and returned to the maritime border of China, the Qing government quickly intervened. It had its own logic for enforcing domestic sovereignty and controlling the migration of people between countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research reveals frames of Russia-related border issues in the public service media of Estonia, Latvia, Finland, the US, and the state media of China, which had or have territorial disputes/conflicts with Russia. The focus of the research conducted from 1 January 2021 until 31 December 2021 (N=115 of articles on the subject) is on border issues: border treaties and territorial disputes, border security, cross-border cooperation. By using the framing analysis, I have detected similar and specific frames, dividing and uniting Russia with its neighbors and defined the frame-setters (agents). The results show that historical and present tensions regarding the border issues dividing Russia and neighboring countries may cause setting negative, dividing news frames. There is also a significant share of positive similar and specific frames on border issues acting as uniting constructs. The frame-setters include officials, politicians and other speakers of neighboring countries, rather than journalists and Russia's speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The size of Indonesia's territory poses challenges related to border security. There are still many land border points between Indonesia and Malaysia on the island of Borneo that have not been agreed upon, as well as the specific topography of the area, which requires a new pattern of border control, compared to using the traditional pattern. This study elaborates on how a new pattern in border security uses UAV's, the strength of the 51st Air Squadron. The study was conducted using qualitative methods and selecting informants with purposive sampling techniques and data processing using the NVivo 12 Plus application. The results showed that the use of UAV's in border security was not optimal. From all research dimensions, the Country and Collaboration dimensions show a pattern that is not yet in accordance with the needs, indicating that the use of UAV's in border security must start from the policies and management organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's regional lines, both land and ocean, experience the ill effects of assorted physical, ethnic and social inconsistencies. While the state plays a significant part in getting war boondocks, the populaces along regional peripheries, as well, can assume a significant part in getting our inclinations. Individuals living around there are the main fixing towards a protected and safe line region. This would involve reconceptualising the idea of line monitoring to powerful boundary the board, where neighborhood individuals turned into the focal point of gravity, everything being equal. The line monitoring powers need to develop available resources to standard the neighborhood populace in the administration of the line regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]