40 results
Search Results
2. Institutional Design and Transitional Justice: An Analysis of Colombia's Land Restitution Policy.
- Author
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CAMILO-SÁNCHEZ, NELSON and NARANJO-VELASCO, KAROLINA
- Subjects
BUREAUCRACY ,TRANSITIONAL justice ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,REFORMS ,STATISTICS ,VIOLENCE - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Two sides of the same coin: political equality and electoral rights, a study of formal qualifications on the right to candidacy.
- Author
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GÓMEZ RUIZ, MARÍA JOSÉ
- Subjects
LEGITIMACY of governments ,SUFFRAGE ,CIVIL rights ,EQUALITY ,RIGHTS ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Greater Autonomy through Closer Relations with China? Revisiting Turkey-China Engagement.
- Author
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Tekdal, Veysel
- Subjects
- *
GREAT powers (International relations) , *POWER (Social sciences) , *DIPLOMACY , *POLITICAL leadership ,DEVELOPING countries ,EUROPE-United States relations - Abstract
China has evolved into an important provider of resources for developing countries, encompassing capital, know-how and expertise. China has also actively worked to strengthen diplomatic ties with developing regions since the early 2000s. Against this backdrop, the governments in many developing countries have moved to incorporate China as a significant factor in their geopolitical and geoeconomic considerations. Under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turkey has also sought to foster relations with China, particularly since the early 2010s. This pursuit has been further triggered by Ankara's strained relations with the United States and the European Union. Turkish political leadership envisions China as a potentially crucial partner that could enhance the country's autonomy in relation to the West. While this expectation has not entirely materialized so far, there is an ongoing debate regarding the extent to which China can potentially be a transformative actor in Turkey's position within the international order. This paper contributes to this debate by locating Turkey-China engagement within a broader context of China's power and influence in the developing world. The paper suggests that the potential for Turkey's cooperation with China is likely to remain relatively limited for the foreseeable future. This is not only due to Turkey's deeply rooted ties with the West, but also because of the nature of China's global power, which is more partial and not as deep as commonly assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Administrative Sanctioning Regime for Gatekeepers: Consequences for Non-Compliance with the Digital Markets Act.
- Author
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RODRÍGUEZ AYUSO, JUAN FRANCISCO
- Subjects
INTERNET marketing ,DIGITAL technology ,INFORMATION & communication technologies ,INFORMATION society ,NONCOMPLIANCE ,GATEKEEPERS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
6. Thoughts on Bureaucratic Barriers: A Brief from Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
- Author
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MÉNDEZ REÁTEGUI, RUBÉN, SUÁREZ JÁCOME, GABRIEL, SAFAR DÍAZ, MÓNICA, and RIBEIRO DONAYRE, CÉSAR
- Subjects
ADMINISTRATIVE efficiency ,ADMINISTRATIVE procedure ,JURISDICTION ,BUREAUCRACY - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Navigating borders and waters: India-China border disputes and the complexities of transboundary river management.
- Author
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Mahla, Pintu Kumar
- Subjects
- *
TRANSBOUNDARY waters , *BOUNDARY disputes , *WATERSHEDS , *BORDER crossing , *GEOPOLITICS , *CONFLICT management - Abstract
Border issues, such as sovereignty, territorial claims, and security, play a significant role in transboundary river management. Borders can act as physical barriers that impede cooperation and coordination, and disputes over ownership and control of river resources can exacerbate tensions and lead to conflicts. Transboundary river management is a complex and critical issue that has gained increasing attention in recent years. The management of rivers that cross international borders raises numerous challenges, including political, economic, social, and environmental concerns. Effective management requires the cooperation of all countries sharing the river basin, and it involves the development of legal and institutional frameworks that promote sustainable use, equitable sharing, and peaceful resolution of conflicts. This paper aims to explore the intricate relationship between India's persistent border disputes with China and their far-reaching implications for the management of transboundary rivers. Their unresolved territorial disputes have profound implications for the shared river basins, such as the Brahmaputra Basin, and pose significant challenges to the implementation of effective transboundary river management strategies. Through an interdisciplinary examination of historical, geopolitical, and hydrological factors, this study sheds light on the multifaceted dimensions of India's border disputes with China and elucidates their detrimental impacts on the use of transboundary river resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Colombian legal formalism or how to prevent the protection of public interest in public-private arbitration.
- Author
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ÁLVAREZ ZÁRATE, JOSÉ MANUEL
- Subjects
PUBLIC interest law ,ROMAN law ,PUBLIC interest ,ARBITRATION & award ,ADMINISTRATIVE law ,LEGAL procedure ,ADMINISTRATIVE procedure - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Reinforcement Learning for Finance: A Review.
- Author
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León Nieto, Diego Ismael
- Subjects
- *
REINFORCEMENT learning , *MARKOV processes , *MACHINE learning , *DECISION making , *PROBLEM solving , *OPTIONS (Finance) , *HEDGING (Finance) - Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in the domain of finance, shedding light on the groundbreaking progress achieved andthe challenges that lie ahead. We explore how RL, a subfield of machine learning, has been instrumental in solving complex financial problems by enabling decision-making processes that optimize long-term rewards. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machinelearning technique that can be used to train agents to make decisions in complex environments. In finance, RL has been used to solve a variety of problems, including optimal execution, portfolio optimization, option pricing and hedging, market making, smart order routing, and robo-advising. In this paper, we review the recent developments in RL for finance. We begin by introducing RL and Markov decision processes (MDPs), which is the mathematical framework for RL. We then discuss the various RL algorithms that have beenused in finance, with a focus on value-based and policy-based methods. We also discuss the use of neural networks in RL for finance. Finally, we discuss the results of recent studies that have used RL to solve financial problems. We conclude by discussing the challenges and opportunities for future research in RL for finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Observing Caribbean Elections During the Pandemic: Challenges and Best Practices.
- Author
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Vasciannie, Lisa
- Subjects
- *
ELECTIONS , *INTERNATIONAL organization , *PANDEMICS , *BEST practices , *INTERNATIONAL travel , *COVID-19 pandemic , *REGIONALISM (International organization) , *QUARANTINE ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper examines how the practice of international election observation in the Commonwealth Caribbean was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many countries were faced with the decision on whether to conduct or delay elections during the pandemic. Between March 2020 and June 2022, 10 out of 12 Commonwealth Caribbean countries held elections. All these countries, except for Barbados, have had their elections observed by at least one regional or international organization during the last two decades. The closure of borders and the various quarantine requirements had practical implications for maintaining this trend during the pandemic. Most countries that regularly invite international observers did not have their pandemic held elections observed. This paper considers the reasons for the absence of observers in some elections and explores the adjustments observer groups have had to make during the last two years. The discussion also explores how Caribbean countries were able to indicate their commitment to holding free and fair elections in the absence of observers. For the countries that had observers, the discussion examines how these missions navigated issues of cost, shorter invitation periods, challenges in international travel, the recruitment of suitable observers and local pandemic protocols and conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory.
- Author
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Zapata Quimbayo, Carlos Andrés and Mejía Vega, Carlos Armando
- Subjects
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REAL options (Finance) , *INDIVIDUAL investors , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *STOCHASTIC processes , *ANALYTICAL solutions , *PRICES - Abstract
Early termination is a contractual compensation mechanism implemented in ppp infrastructure projects where private investors have the right to abandon the project to mitigate risks such as traffic risk. In this paper we used the Real Options Theory to value early termination as an option to abandon a project where both the traffic risk and the compensation fee are modelled assuming correlated stochastic processes. The option pricing model was implemented with an analytical solution and results were compared with the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The results confirm the benefits that the contractual mechanism offers to private investors to mitigate risks, while at the same time improving a project's value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The domestic sources of city diplomacy: The case of the city of Johannesburg, 2011-2016.
- Author
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Ikome Nganje, Fritz and Retshegofetse Tladi, Bosele
- Subjects
- *
CITIES & towns , *METROPOLIS , *MUNICIPAL government , *INTERNATIONALISM , *MAYORAL elections , *DIPLOMACY , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *DRIVERS' licenses - Abstract
The mainstream literature on global cities tends to explain the internationalization of cities almost exclusively from the perspective of recent developments in global capitalism, developments that have put cities at the heart of an increasingly globalized, financialized, and deregulated world economy. The internationalization of these so-called global cities is seen as a response to, and is conditioned by, external, and mainly economic, exigencies. Research on the foreign relations of city governments has followed in this tradition, with a predominant focus on the global drivers and manifestations, as well as the systemic implications of this phenomenon. Little academic attention has been given to the domestic contexts within which city governments develop and exercise their international agency. This paper is inspired by the emergence of alternative accounts in the global cities literature, which have underscored the importance of the domestic context in making sense of the contemporary internationalization of cities, to analyze the domestic sources of the City of Johannesburg's foreign relations from 2011 to 2016. While acknowledging Johannesburg's global cities ambition as a major driver of the city government's international relations during this period, we identify and analyze a set of local and national factors that equally inspired and conditioned the city's foreign engagements. These include the huge socio-economic and spatial divide that continues to define the city, the influence of the ruling African National Congress (ANC) and its doctrine of progressive internationalism, as well as the then mayor's internationalist outlook and domestic political ambitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Economic and soft power component of india's city diplomacy: With special reference to Mumbai and Kolkata.
- Author
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Nayak, Lulubala
- Subjects
- *
SOFT power (Social sciences) , *CITIES & towns , *DIPLOMACY , *FOLK culture , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *ECONOMIC policy , *FOLK art - Abstract
India's coastal cities have been playing a pivotal role in international relations through culture, commerce, and connectivity since the hoary past. In modern times, coastal cities such as Mumbai (formerly Bombay) on the Arabian Coast and Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) on the Bay of Bengal have been active actors in international affairs. While Mumbai has been the hub of international trade and commerce, Kolkata has been the junction of cultural bonhomie with Bangladesh and Southeast Asian countries, which gained more traction due to cross-border movements of technology, information, education, trade and finance, and artistic tools bolstered by the New Economic Policy beginning in the early 1990s. Indian states and metropolitan cities are enhancing their positions in international affairs with tangible gains. Mumbai is referred to as India's financial capital and the home to the headquarters of great global business houses and financial organisations. Similarly, Kolkata is known as the cultural capital of India (Sri Aurobindo, Tagore, Shanti Niketan, Bengali folk art and culture etc.) and a destination for foreign tourists, artists and curious researchers. This paper examines the growth and impact of city diplomacy in India through the prism of federalism in advancing local interests in international politics. It attempts to assess the role of Indian cities from a comparative perspective in the conduct of city diplomacy from economic and cultural aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Empirical Evidence of Jump Behavior in the Colombian Bond Market.
- Author
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Romero Díaz, Nicolás, Castro Iragorri, Carlos Alberto, and Vélez Hernández, Sebastián
- Subjects
- *
GOVERNMENT securities , *BOND market , *BONDS (Finance) , *HEDGING (Finance) , *PUBLIC debts , *JUMP processes , *BOND prices , *MONETARY policy - Abstract
Simulations and empirical studies suggest that incorporating a discontinuous jump process in asset pricing models improve volatility forecasting, pricing of instruments, and hedging positions in a portfolio. In this paper we analyze high frequency market data of Colombian sovereign bonds to study the presence or absence of discontinuities in the price generating process. We find that Colombian sovereign debt experiments jumps across all maturities but with different frequencies, in particular, we do not find that long term bonds jump less frequently than short term bonds. Furthermore, bonds with closer maturities cojump in greater magnitude than those with a greater distance between them. Finally, we find significant day-of-the-week effects, as well as an important increase in the jump frequency due to surprises in economic information related to US monetary policy, and no effect due to direct monetary policy announcements in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Do Changes in the Frequency of Data Affect the Accuracy of Estimation of the Trend Parameter in a Jump Diffusion Process?
- Author
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Mejía Vega, Carlos Armando
- Subjects
- *
JUMP processes , *MATHEMATICAL proofs , *PARAMETER estimation , *POISSON processes , *LEVY processes , *MAXIMUM likelihood statistics , *BROWNIAN motion - Abstract
This paper explores the effect of the frequency of data on the accuracy (measure by variance) of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the trend parameter μ in a jump-diffusion process à la Press (1967). First, we consider the case without jumps (i.e., the geometric Brownian motion (GBM)) as a benchmark case to show that the frequency of data is irrelevant in this first setting. Then, we consider the case with jumps and highlight that things are different in this second situation. Specifically, the asymptotic variance of the MLE of the trend parameter turns out to be higher compared to the case without jumps. Nevertheless, we also prove that when sampling occurs infinitely often (i.e., high frequency) it is possible to obtain the same accuracy for the MLE of μ as for the GBM, given that for higher frequencies it is easier to "identify" price discontinuities (i.e., jumps) for this model. Mathematical proofs are performed under the assumption that the MLE of μ is estimated given the other parameters, but numerical (Montecarlo) simulations indicate that this is also the case even when all parameters are estimated together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Tightrope Balancing in a Time of Rising Great Power Competition: An Assessment of Sri Lanka’s Relations with India and China.
- Author
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De Silva, Shakthi
- Subjects
- *
CHINA-India relations , *GREAT powers (International relations) , *BALANCE of power , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POWER (Social sciences) , *BELT & Road Initiative , *SMALL states , *NATIONAL interest - Abstract
China’s economic resurgence augurs the possibility of a recalibration in the global balance of power. Many contend that this process is already underway in East Asia – specifically in relation to the South China Sea. In other parts of the world, China’s growing footprint is discernible through infrastructure projects, under Beijing’s Belt and Road initiative. Does China leverage its economic power to realise its interests by forcing smaller nations to accept conditions and agreements which are not in the latter’s interests? This paper examines whether evidence to this effect is visible through a case study of Sri Lanka. The island’s geographic location – astride the Indian Ocean Sea Lanes of Communication – continues to draw the attention of regional and extra-regional powers. Sri Lanka’s constraints in size and poor pace of economic development also grants leeway for India (the regional hegemon) and China to leverage bilateral ties in their interest. Is there evidence to suggest that China has utilised port infrastructure to realise its national interests at the expense of Sri Lanka? Or, has Sri Lanka managed to thread a fine line between the two Asian powers: the neighbouring regional hegemon – India; and the resurgent great power – China? Does the truth lie somewhere in between? This article delves into these questions by examining the approaches and stances which Sri Lanka has adopted towards both nations, particularly during President Gotabaya Rajapakse’s government, from 2019 leading up to the end of 2021. By doing so, it aims to shed light on how Sri Lanka handled bilateral ties with both Asian powers as well as the degree of Sino-Indian competition visible within the island’s port infrastructure landscape. It concludes that the decisions reached with regard to port infrastructure projects represent a mixed picture. A key finding is the ability of domestic interest groups to shape Sri Lanka’s foreign policy during this period, which has significantly dented the island’s ties with other regional allies such as Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Power games and their history in the Indian Ocean: A Mauritian perspective.
- Author
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Betchoo, Nirmal Kumar
- Subjects
- *
OCEAN , *OCEAN energy resources , *GAMES , *ARCHIPELAGOES , *ECONOMIC development , *GEOPOLITICS ,BRITISH colonies - Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the situation of Mauritius in the post-colonial geopolitical configuration of the Indian Ocean. The island nation, a former British colony that has been independent since 1968, is today confronted with geopolitical issues that place it within a dilemma. Its recent allegiance with India, through preferential trade partnership, makes claiming sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago which was part of its territory before independence complicated. There is in an ongoing conflict with Great Britain and, indirectly, the United States on this contentious issue. At the same time, Mauritius needs to consider China’s influence in the region since it partners with most of the independent nations on matters of economic development. Mauritius itself has established an important trading platform through Chinese assistance. Concurrently, the Mauritian relationship with the United States cannot be compromised as it has been the major trading partner since 1794 with an embassy established in 1968. Hence, trapped between economic ties from all the partners engaged in the Indian Ocean, Mauritius strives to maintain its neutrality, while also being obliged to accept that its location, size and influence might not be enough to contest against past and emerging superpowers. To this end, the power games remain as complex as ever in the Indian Ocean when seen from a Mauritian perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Examining the Unfolding of Disciplinary Proceedings from Various Perspectives within the Context of Belgian and European Law.
- Author
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DE WOLF, DANIEL, EGGERMONT, FREDERIC, and TIMBERMONT, EVELIEN
- Subjects
EUROPEAN law ,ADMINISTRATIVE remedies ,ADMINISTRATIVE law ,COMPARATIVE law ,WORKPLACE retaliation - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The Colombian Financial Cycle, 1987-2021: What role for post-crisis regulation?
- Author
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Forero-Laverde, Germán
- Subjects
- *
RANGE of motion of joints , *FINANCIAL crises , *MIDDLE-income countries , *BOND market , *BULL markets , *PRICES , *ECONOMIC expansion - Abstract
The financial cycle consists of the joint evolution of asset prices and credit aggregates. Its regularity has been abundantly studied for panels of countries which regularly include developed countries and sometimes include less developed or developing countries. This paper employs an innovative methodology to analyze the Colombian financial cycle from time series and bivariate perspectives. First, we characterize expansions and contractions in the stock market and the real exchange rate. These are two distinct asset classes that play an essential role as stores of value in middle-income countries. Our analysis is completed by identifying bull and bear phases in the local-currency credit market. We test the hypothesis that the changes in regulation that originated with the end-of-century crisis in the country impacted the evolution of asset prices and credit aggregates. We find that the amplitude and severity of contraction phases decreased post-reforms, which may signal the success of the new regulation. We find no effect on the behaviour of asset prices and argue that this is to be expected since they were not targeted. Finally, we find that the joint movement of stocks and credit peaks during financial crises and troughs during economic expansions, consistent with findings in the international literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Interregional mechanisms for protection of african migrants in the Gulf Region: What prospects for Africa?
- Author
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Odhiambo, Paul
- Subjects
- *
EMIGRATION & immigration , *AFRICANS , *COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) , *BUSINESS partnerships , *REMITTANCES , *ECONOMIC opportunities , *TECHNOLOGICAL progress - Abstract
Migration is a common phenomenon in Africa as citizens migrate within the continent for several reasons including education, family, employment, trade, and investment. Significant numbers of African migrants travel to the Middle East in search of economic opportunities. With the intensification of globalisation and the advancement of technology, human mobility across international borders is expected to rise in the coming decades. Despite challenges of international migration, migrants play a significant role in destination countries as they boost working-age population; contribute to revenue generation through taxes; contribute to human capital development; and enrich technological progress. Countries of origin increasingly appreciate their Diaspora communities due to remittances and migrants' skills. The growing number of African migrants calls for a strategic partnership between Africa and the Middle East through a multilateral forum that will enhance policy consultation and coordination for the benefit for both sides. The paper analyses intra-African migration, migration patterns from Africa to the Middle East and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, drivers of migrations, migrants' positive contributions and challenges; national and Africa's Regional Economic Communities (RECs) responses in protecting the migrants. Key recommendations including the strengthening of free movement policies is critical Africa in ensuring that rights of African migrants are protected within Africa; working towards improving migration data to inform policy; enhancing interregional cooperation between Africa's RECs to enhancing the potential of intra-African migration; and fast-tracking the establishment of an effective multilateral forum for Africa and the Middle East for enhancing policy consultation and coordination to guarantee their common interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Political configuration and geostrategy: An analysis of the global context influence in Central Asia.
- Author
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Figueroa García, Ana María and Rubio, Tatiana Gélvez
- Subjects
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PROCESS capability , *INTERNATIONAL competition , *NATURAL gas pipelines , *PETROLEUM pipelines , *POLITICAL systems , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *GEOGRAPHICAL positions - Abstract
The five new Central Asian States that emerged from the fall of the Soviet Union began a process of State capacity building and the rule of law in their territories. Even though each one has its particularities, the continuity of autocratic political systems is a common factor among them. The privileged geographical position of Central Asia as a mandatory step between Europe and Asia, and its fundamental role in the energy security of world great powers, make the region increasingly important within the political and economic dynamics of the current International System. This might be a factor of analysis that affects changes and configurations in the political arena. This paper examines the extent to which external factors influence domestic politics by drawing on the theoretical background of authoritarian regimes and democratic transition, historical liaisons after the fall of the Soviet Union, as well as external factors such as security affairs, international trade, infrastructure projects in oil and gas pipelines, and competence for scarce water resources in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Fighting Corruption in Latin America and the Caribbean at a Supranational Level: Balances and Challenges of the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption.
- Author
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HERNÁNDEZ G., JOSÉ IGNACIO
- Subjects
SOVEREIGNTY ,CORRUPTION laws ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,CORRUPTION ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. POLICE NETWORK ANALYSIS APPLIED TO STREET CRIME CONTROL IN BOGOTÁ.
- Author
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Sandoval Garrido, Luis Eduardo, Velasquez Monroy, César Alfonso, and Riaño Bermudez, Laura Carolina
- Subjects
THEFT ,CITIZEN crime reporting ,CRIMINAL behavior ,POLICE ,COMMUNITY policing ,HOMICIDE ,CITIES & towns ,CRIME prevention ,RANDOM graphs ,CRIME ,PROBLEM solving - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Economía Institucional is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. El senador designado como instrumento de integración territorial: configuración, elección y rol en el sistema político autonómico
- Author
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Daniel Casal Oubiña
- Subjects
Senado ,sistema político autonómico ,integración territorial ,relaciones intergubernamentales ,Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,K1-7720 - Abstract
Uno de los elementos de reflexión y debate del sistema político español se vincula con la composición, funciones y posición del Senado. La Constitución, en su artículo 69.1, lo define como la cámara de representación territorial; pero como consecuencia del principio dispositivo y el despliegue del modelo autonómico, la composición y las funciones del Senado distan mucho de ser las de una cámara de integración de las entidades territoriales, a pesar de lo cual mantiene elementos federalizantes. Uno de ellos es la existencia de senadores designados por las asambleas legislativas de las comunidades autónomas. El paper analiza y modeliza la configuración de los senadores autonómicos a partir de su regulación, los procedimientos para su elección y la posición institucional que se les otorga en las instituciones de autogobierno con la finalidad de comprender el potencial que tiene este tipo de representantes electos para mejorar la representatividad del sistema.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. From Scapegoats to Victims: The Case of the Isaias Brothers and some Novelties on Transnational Litigation.
- Author
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CABEZAS ALBÁN, VÍCTOR D.
- Subjects
PRIVATE property ,EMBEZZLEMENT ,COMPARATIVE law ,DUE process of law ,SCAPEGOAT ,ACTIONS & defenses (Law) ,INTERNATIONAL law ,VICTIMS ,HUMAN rights violations ,HUMAN rights - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Behavioral Law and Economics: A Complementary Approach to the Standard Perspective.
- Author
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GARCÍA-TEJEDA, ENRIQUE
- Subjects
BEHAVIORAL economics ,RIDESHARING services ,TRANSPORTATION policy ,SOCIAL norms ,BEHAVIORAL sciences ,INTERNATIONAL law - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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27. Private Military and Security Companies, Responsibility of States and International Humanitarian Law: Toward an Interdisciplinary Definition.
- Author
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URUEÑA-SÁNCHEZ, MARIO and OLÁSOLO, HÉCTOR
- Subjects
PRIVATE military companies ,MILITARY law ,PRIVATE security services ,HUMANITARIAN law ,RESEARCH questions ,MILITARY service ,DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Socioeconomic Rights in Latin America: Closing the Gap between Aspiration and Reality.
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LANDAU, DAVID
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RIGHT to health ,CIVIL rights ,JUDICIAL elections ,OMBUDSPERSONS ,RIGHTS ,CONSTITUTIONALISM ,POLITICAL parties ,CONSTITUTIONAL courts - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Implementing Nature's Rights in Colombia: The Atrato and Amazon Experiences.
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RICHARDSON, WHITNEY and BUSTOS, CAMILA
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HUMAN rights violations ,HUMAN rights ,JUSTICE ,ENVIRONMENTAL justice ,ENVIRONMENTAL rights ,WATERSHEDS ,LEGAL rights ,COURT orders - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Dinâmica do sistema e crescimento econômico
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Ramoni-Perazzi, Josefa, Orlandoni-Merli, Giampaolo, and CIBAS
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JEL: O40, C60, C63 ,jel:O40, C60, C63 ,Systems dynamics ,Economic history and conditions ,Dinâmica do sistema ,Modelos ,Models, economic growth, systems dynamics ,HC10-1085 ,Crecimiento económico ,Crescimento econômico ,modelos, crecimiento económico, dinámica de sistemas ,HB1-3840 ,Models ,Economic theory. Demography ,Dinámica de sistemas ,modelos, crescimento econômico, dinâmica do sistema ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Economic growth - Abstract
Digital, Este artículo muestra que la teoría económica se puede analizar mediante la dinámica de sistemas, un enfoque intuitivo que permite representar en forma gráfica los lazos de retroalimentación entre las variables que intervienen en los modelos. En particular, modela la visión del crecimiento de Adam Smith, según la interpretación muy simplificada de Robert Heilbroner, (desarrollada en foma más integral y exhaus-tiva por su maestro, el sociólogo y economista alemán Adolph Lowe) proponiendo un sistema computacional para el estudio de modelos complejos. El trabajo no pretende hacer un aporte original a la modelación económica sino mostrar una herramienta que permite hacer simulaciones con base en los principios de la dinámica de siste-mas, utilizando software especializado; una herramienta que se puede utilizar en la enseñanza para mostrar opciones de modelación alternativas a las convencionales., This paper shows that economic theory can be analyzed by means of system dynamics, an intuitive approach that makes it possible to represent graphically the feedback loops between the variables involved in the models. It models Adam Smith’s view of growth, according to Robert Heilbroner’s highly simplified interpretation, (developed in a more comprehensive and exhaustive way by his teacher, the German sociologist and economist Adolph Lowe) by proposing a computational system for the study of complex models. The paper does not intend to make an original con-tribution to economic modeling, but to show a tool that allows simulations based on the principles of system dynamics, using specialized software. This tool can be used in teaching to show alternative modeling options to the conventional ones., Este artigo mostra que a teoria econômica pode ser analisada por meio da dinâmica de sistemas, uma abordagem intuitiva que nos permite representar graficamente os loops de feedback entre as variáveis envolvidas nos modelos. Em particular, modela a visão de crescimento de Adam Smith, de acordo com a inter-pretação altamente simplificada de Robert Heilbroner, (desenvolvida de forma mais abrangente e exaustiva por seu professor, o sociólogo e economista alemão Adolph Lowe) propondo um sistema computacional para o estudo de modelos complexos. O trabalho não pretende dar uma contribuição original à modelagem econômica, mas mostrar uma ferramenta que permite simulações baseadas nos princípios da dinâmica de sistemas, utilizando softwares especializados; uma ferramenta que pode ser usada no ensino para mostrar opções de modelagem alternativas às convencionais., Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Published
- 2021
31. New (and inevitable) Horizons for International Economic Law: The Aftermath of the 2020 Pandemic
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Gonzalez, Pedro Lacasa
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Frontiers of Memory: Human Rights as Potential Limits to the Construction of Memory in Colombia's Law on Victims.
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ALIJA FERNÁNDEZ, ROSA ANA, TARAPUÉS SANDINO, DIEGO F., and MARTÍNEZ, ELISENDA CALVET
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HUMAN rights ,VICTIM compensation ,CRIMINAL reparations ,TRANSITIONAL justice ,LAND use laws ,MEMORY ,COLLECTIVE memory - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Asbestos: caught between technological development and the threat of civil liability. The Italian experience and an approach to Colombian law
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Laura Gamarra and Olenka Deniss Woolcott Oyague
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damage ,causalidad ,civil liability ,toxic substances ,asbestos ,indemnización ,responsabilidad civil ,causation ,compensation ,asbesto ,daños ,sustancias tóxicas ,Law - Abstract
En Colombia, la Ley 1968 de 2019 prohibió el uso de asbesto en el territorio nacional. Esta ley no abordó la imputación de responsabilidad contra quienes expusieron a otros al asbesto ni la evaluación de daños para las víctimas. Este artículo se ubica en el área de derecho civil e intenta responder a la pregunta de responsabilidad civil por asbesto basada en la experiencia Italiana y mirar los pequeños pasos jurisprudenciales tomados por los tribunales colombianos para poder determinar si se ha dispuesto la responsabilidad civil por asbesto. Al hacerlo, se identifican algunasteorías que conciernen al vínculo causal en la responsabilidad civil tradicional y al criterio de imputación o atribución de la responsabilidad objetiva aplicable a las víctimas de asbesto. Los resultados de la investigación aconsejan adaptar los elementos tradicionales de la responsabilidad a las demandas por daños relacionados con el asbesto en los casos contemporáneos teniendo en cuenta el recurso a las presunciones desde la perspectiva probatoria. In Colombia, Law 1968 of 2019 banned the use of asbestos in the national territory. This legal breakthrough was years in the making. However, the allocation of liability against those who exposed others to asbestos, and the assessment of damages for plaintiffs who suffered asbestos related injuries is not addressed in the law. This research paper in comparative civil law attempts to answer the liability question based on the Italian experience and small jurisprudential steps taken by the Colombian bench. In doing so, the causal link in traditional civil liability and the criteria for imputation or attribution of strict liability applicable to asbestos victims are examined. The results of the research find it advisable to adapt the traditional elements of the assumption of responsibility to the demands for compensation in the face of asbestos related damages in the contemporary cases, taking into account presumptions that can be entered into evidence.
- Published
- 2022
34. El investigador social frente a la planificación turística basada en la comunidad: un balance desde la literatura académica
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Leiva Alpízar, Oscar
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community participation ,Geography (General) ,planificación turística ,community ,tourism planning ,community development ,turismo con base en la comunidad ,desarrollo comunitario ,desarrollo turístico ,community-based tourism ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,G1-922 ,tourism development ,participación comunitaria ,comunidad - Abstract
La comunidad representa hoy en día un eje central en la literatura académica de la planificación y gestión turística, resultado de más de cinco décadas de estudios que demuestran el rol posible y necesario de la comunidad en la participación y el manejo de la actividad turística. Sin embargo, el rol que asume el investigador frente a la planificación comunitaria en el marco de esta amplia gama de estudios de casos, modelos y propuestas investigativas ha sido poco analizado. Este trabajo pretende, por medio de una revisión concienzuda de literatura, tanto de habla inglesa como española, abordar la planificación comunitaria del turismo desde las motivaciones y los propósitos de sus investigadores. Luego de examinar las características de la comunidad como una unidad territorial, como unidad social y como conjunto de actores diversos, se proponen tres perspectivas de análisis que sirven de marcos de referencia generales para responder al objetivo planteado. Los enfoques son: empresarial, etnográfico e integrador. Se concluye la importancia de reconocer los diversos enfoques para nuevos proyectos de investigación, y se apunta el enfoque integrador como ruta de planificación crítica del turismo en el actual contexto de crisis climática y sanitaria. Communities represent the backbone of academic literature on tourism planning and management, the result of over five decades of studies that demonstrate the possible and necessary role of the community in tourism activity participation and management. Nevertheless, the role of the researcher in community planning in the framework of wideranging case studies, models and research proposals has been minimally analyzed. Through an extensive literature review of both English and Spanish languages, the aim of this paper is to approach community tourism planning from the motivations and purposes of the researchers involved. After considering the community as a territorial unit, as a social homogeneity and as a set of different actors, three analysis approaches are taken into account, business, ethnographic, and integrative. The importance of recognizing these approaches for new research projects is one conclusion, pointing to the “integrative approach” as a critical planning path for tourism in the current climate and health crisis context.
- Published
- 2021
35. Sraffa: el pensamiento económico como coherencia
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Gallardo, Álvaro
- Subjects
HB1-3840 ,Teoria neoclássica, taxas de lucro ,Teoría neoclásica, tasas de ganancia ,Economic history and conditions ,jel:B51, B12, B41 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HC10-1085 ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Neoclassical theory, profit rates - Abstract
Sraffa rescata el análisis clásico y lo contrasta con la teoría dominante. Este artículo sostiene que su enfoque ontológico, sintetizado en la instantánea del mercado, permite entender su sistema teórico, y sirve para valorar las interpretaciones tradicionales y las nuevas perspectivas surgidas de la lectura de sus escritos no publicados. Desde ese enfoque, argumenta que su solución no es del todo precisa, y que debe incluir elementos convencionales que abren la vía a un análisis institucional. Por último, a partir del contraste con otras interpretaciones propone defender la coherencia entre la visión del mundo y las ideas desarrolladas. Sraffa rescues the classical analysis and puts it in discussion with mainstream theory. The thesis of this paper is that his ontological analysis, specified in the market snapshot, allows us to understand Sraffa’s theoretical position and, in turn, is a method to assess his traditional interpretations as well as the new perspectives arising from the reading of his drafts. Its position is not entirely precise, so it is necessary to include conventions, which open the way to institutional analysis. Finally, starting from the contrast with other interpretations, it proposes to defend the coherence between the vision of the world and the ideas developed.
- Published
- 2021
36. 5G emergence in the Global South: India and Brazil between the United States and China
- Author
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Maria Jose Haro Sly and Manuel Gonzalo
- Subjects
Sur Global ,Brazil ,5G ,Global South ,India ,International relations ,Brasil ,Political science ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
La creciente disputa entre Estados Unidos de América y China tiene un foco crítico en la competencia en torno al 5G, infraestructura tecnológica que permitirá innovaciones en el autoguiado de vehículos, las operaciones remotas, la robótica, la inteligencia artificial y otras aplicaciones. Si bien el 5G aún está emergiendo, la conformación de la infraestructura de red, las regulaciones, las patentes y los estándares se configuran como una disputa eminentemente global por mercados, pero también por la seguridad nacional. Esto ha ganado un lugar central en la agenda de política externa de la mayoría de los países del globo, incluyendo a los del Sur Global. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las condiciones de emergencia del 5G en dos de los principales países del Sur Global, India y Brasil, en el marco de la disputa entre EE.UU. y China. A través de la contextualización de esta disputa y sus desdoblamientos en India y Brasil se busca extraer una serie de reflexiones preliminares para otros países del Sur Global. Se contribuye a entender las condiciones de emergencia de una nueva fase del paradigma de telecomunicaciones móviles a partir del desarrollo de dos casos principales aun inexplorados sistemáticamente por la literatura en español. The increasing dispute between the United States of America and China finds a main area of competition around 5G, which will enable a substantial improvement in the capacity for vehicle auto-guidance, remote operations, robotics, artificial intelligence and other dual-use applications. While 5G is still emerging, the global shaping of the network infrastructure, regulations, patents and standards involves the Global South. It is an eminently global dispute for markets, but also for national security, which has gained a central place on the foreign policy agenda of most of the countries around the globe. In this context, the objective of this text is to analyze the emergent conditions of 5G in two of the main countries of the Global South, India and Brazil, within the dispute between the US and China. Through the contextualization of this dispute and its implications in India and Brazil, we seek to extract a series of preliminary reflections for other countries of the Global South. Thus, this paper contributes to a key area understanding the emergent conditions of a new phase of the mobile telecommunications paradigm developing two main cases still unexplored systematically by the literature in Spanish.
- Published
- 2021
37. Pandemia y política económica: la política monetaria en discusión
- Author
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Baquero Beltr´án, Amy and Villamil, Jaime
- Subjects
HB1-3840 ,Credibility, inertia, expectations, inflation, Phillips’s curve ,Economic history and conditions ,Economic theory. Demography ,HC10-1085 ,credibilidade, inércia, expectativas, inflação, curva de Phillips ,jel:E3, E52, E58 ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,credibilidad, inercia, expectativas, inflación, curva de Phillips - Abstract
Este artículo explora la credibilidad de la política monetaria en Colombia y su evolución después de adoptar el sistema de inflación objetivo. A partir de la estimación de relaciones lineales y no lineales de la curva de Phillips con base en el mercado laboral de una economía abierta y la incorporación de los efectos de la inflación pasada y el componente prospectivo de las expectativas de los analistas, se obtiene una menor persistencia y un trade-off entre inflación y desempleo más estrecho. En consecuencia, el país podría dar mayor responsabilidad al banco central en el crecimiento económico y el empleo. This paper explores the credibility of monetary policy in Colombia and its evolution after the adoption of the inflation targeting system. To do so, a non-linear Phillips curve is estimated based on unemployment for an open economy, which incorporates the direct effect of past inflation rate on price formation and a prospective component. It shows a deeper trade-off between inflation and unemployment and lower inflationary persistence. Consequently, the country could emphasize the greater responsibility of the central bank in economic growth and employment.
- Published
- 2021
38. LA INFLUENCIA DE LA ADOPCIÓN DE LA TELEMEDICINA Y LA ACREDITACIÓN DE LAS INSTALACIONES EN LA SATISFACCIÓN Y LOS RESULTADOS DE LOS PACIENTES: UN ESTUDIO CUASI EXPERIMENTAL EN UNA ZONA RURAL DE COLOMBIA
- Author
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De La Puente, Mario, Lugo Arias, Elkyn, Londoño Meza, Guillermo, and Perez Camerano, Camilo
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Infraestructura y migración caribeña en Panamá, mediados del siglo XIX y principios del XX: una aproximación indirecta a partir de fuentes hemerográficas y secundarias
- Author
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Correa Restrepo, Juan Santiago
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Carbon Tax: Moving Towards a Net-Zero Emissions Future
- Author
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Ajmera, Tanushree and Nemane, Vivek
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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