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This paper constructs a risk reduction model based on signalling theory to investigate how the platform- and user-oriented signals affect perceived risks, which in turn affect users' actual engagement and purchase behaviours in social commerce. The moderating effects of perceived effectiveness of social commerce institutional mechanisms (PESIM) on the relationships between signals and perceived risks are also considered. Longitudinal data from 226 users of Xiaohongshu were collected to test the proposed hypotheses. We identify signals oriented from platforms and users significantly influence users' perceptions of commerce and participation risks. We also demonstrate that commerce and participation risks influence users' actual engagement and purchase behaviours, respectively. Furthermore, we also verify that PESIM negatively moderates the relationship between signals and perceived risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Swedish versions of PROMIS-29 and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Dyspnea (FACIT-Dyspnea) instruments in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). In a cross-sectional study, consecutive SSc patients completed a paper-based survey. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Test–retest reliability was tested employing weighted Kappa (Kw) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was evaluated by hypotheses testing using RAND-36, MRC Dyspnea score, Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) and clinical measurements. Forty-nine patients (86% female; 73% limited cutaneous SSc) completed the survey. The mean disease duration was 11 years and mean SHAQ was 0.5. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were good with the exception of PROMIS-29 anxiety. PROMIS-29, FACIT-Dyspnea, and Functional limitation showed strong correlations to corresponding RAND-36 domains (|rs|=0.67 to −0.85). Relevant PROMIS-29 domains, FACIT-Dyspnea and Functional limitation correlated strongly to SHAQ and VAS overall disease severity (|rs|=0.60 to −0.75). Ceiling effects (>15%) were found in six PROMIS-29 domains and in both FACIT-Dyspnea and Functional limitations. Four (4/5) hypotheses were confirmed. PROMIS-29 and FACIT-Dyspnea meet the requirements for reliability and have adequate construct validity in Swedish patients with SSc. PROMIS-29v2 and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Dyspnea (FACIT-Dyspnea) Index are patient outcome measures that gain increasing interest for the evaluation of patient with rheumatologic diseases. PROMIS-29v2 and FACIT-Dyspnea Index meet the requirements for reliability and have adequate construct validity compared to legacy measures in Swedish patients with systemic sclerosis. Translation and validation of PROMs is important for studies of rare diseases in multi-center collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of information security behavioural intention (ISBI) can be complex and dynamic in different contexts. This paper aims to examine and compare different users' ISBI formalisation mechanisms when dealing with their personal affairs (non-work users) and organisational affairs (work users). Drawing on two principles of Conservation of Resources (COR) theory (i.e. resource loss principle, and resource gain principle), we developed two models to examine how situational support affects ISBI formation. The results of a study of 432 non-worker users and 261 work users indicate a curvilinear relationship between situational support and ISBI through subjective norms and risk perception for non-worker users, whilst a linear relationship via subjective norms is found for worker users. This is the first time that COR has been applied to explain the formation of ISBI. The findings broaden the research scope of individuals' ISBI by revealing how situational support affects the formalisation mechanism for different users in cross-contexts. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings and the future study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Developing and improving education and training programs for future health professionals as a way to enhance perinatal care and reduce obstetric traumas is a necessity. Objective: The goal of the current study is to adapt a questionnaire that evaluates health science students' attitudes toward women's childbirth experiences (CAVE-ST; acronym is for cuestionario de actitudes sobre vivencias y experiencias en el parto) into Turkish and assess its psychometric properties. Method: The sample comprised 950 undergraduate students in midwifery departments in Turkey aged between 20 and 41 years (M = 22.42, SD = 1.79). Participants filled out the Demographic Information Form as well as CAVE-ST-TR. Item and scale content validity index (I-CVI and S-CVI), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Pearson's correlation coefficients, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, and Guttman split-half coefficient were used to examine psychometric properties. Results: The results revealed that the 52-item and four-factor CAVE-ST-TR is a valid and reliable tool to assess health science students' attitudes toward women's childbirth experiences. Conclusion: This study would enhance the cross-cultural utility of the questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based, interdisciplinary, medication education intervention for rural older adults. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design. Self-efficacy, adherence to refills and medication, and knowledge were examined. An educational intervention was conducted with each participant on their prescribed medications. Mean scores for the adherence to refills and medication subscale decreased from 9.9 to 8.5 (p =.003) indicating improved adherence. Mean scores for the knowledge subscale increased from 21.8 to 22.4 (p =.192). Results suggest a community-based, interdisciplinary, individualized medication education intervention could increase medication adherence in rural older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Impact Questionnaire (TIQ), whose questions focus on assessing the impact of tinnitus on the patient's day to day activities, mood, and sleep, and not on hearing difficulties. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were included for 172 adult patients who attended a tinnitus and hyperacusis clinic in the UK within a six-month period and who had completed the TIQ. Two items whose scores were very highly correlated with those for other items were removed, leaving seven items. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a single factor for the TIQ. A multiple causes multiple indicator model showed significant but very small direct effects of age on TIQ scores for two items, after adjustment for gender. The TIQ had excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha = 0.89. The total TIQ score was moderately to strongly correlated with scores for the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Screening for Anxiety and Depression-Tinnitus questionnaire, Hyperacusis Questionnaire, and Hyperacusis Impact Questionnaire, indicating convergent validity. The TIQ score was weakly correlated with the pure-tone average hearing threshold, indicating discriminant validity. The TIQ is a brief, valid and internally consistent questionnaire for assessing the impact of tinnitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to establish the reliability and the validity of Arabic translated versions of the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and the Effort Assessment Scale (EAS). The FAS and the EAS were translated from the original English following a recommended six-step approach for translating hearing-related questionnaires for different languages. The reliability of the scales was investigated using Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlation, and inter-item correlation. Construct validity was investigated using factor analysis and the hypothesis testing method. The translated scales were completed by 146 participants from Jordan and Saudi Arabia (age range 19–86 years old, 39% male). Participants' hearing level ranged from normal to profound. Item 3 in the translated FAS was removed to improve the scale's construct validity. The translated version of the EAS was found to be as reliable and valid as the original EAS. The availability of standardised versions of the FAS and the EAS provides a quick and easy method for improving hearing rehabilitation in Arabic-speaking countries where audiology services can often be costly and not necessarily accessible to all individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to validate the Yonsei Lifestyle Profie-BREF (YLP-BREF) and preliminarily investigate its psychometric properties. Methods: In total, 569 community-dwelling older adults were recruited. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Also, convergent and divergent validity were assessed. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha reliability was examined. Finally, an optimal cutoff score for the YLP-BREF was established using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: The one-factor model was the best fit. The 5 items of physical activity and the 4 items of activity participation illustrated an acceptable fit. All nutrition items showed an acceptable fit. Cronbach's alpha reliability was good for the total score and nutrition and acceptable for physical activity, but insufficient for activity participation. Convergent and divergent validities were good. The optimal cutoff score for the YLP-BREF was 49. Conclusion: The YLP-BREF is a reliable and valid self-report questionnaire for measuring multifaceted lifestyle factors in older adults in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Saudi version of the Cyberchondria CSS-12 (short form). A convenience sample of (434) university student's were selected to evaluate the validity and reliability of Cyberchondria severity scale CSS-12. M-PLUS 7 and SPSS were used to analyze data. Cronbach's alpha, divergent validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted as well. The CSS-12 showed acceptable validity and reliability among the Saudi sample. The CSS-12 had positive and significant correlations with health anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed the Japanese version of the Valued Living Questionnaire Adapted to dementia Caregiving (J-VLQAC) and assessed its reliability and validity. A 2-wave longitudinal survey with an interval of two weeks was conducted with Japanese dementia family caregivers (n = 521 at T1; n = 424 at T2). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a poor fit to our data for the original 2-factor model. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a new 3-factor model (i.e., Own Values, Family Values, and Health Values). Both models showed similar good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability. Significant correlations between the J-VLQAC and the Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) and measures assessing related constructs (e.g., cognitive fusion) supported good criterion validity and acceptable level of construct validity for both models. Compared to the original 2-factor model, the new 3-factor model showed higher incremental validity, which was assessed through the hierarchical regression analysis examining whether the J-VLQAC predicts depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction over and above the VQ. The J-VLQAC has good reliability and acceptable validity. The information gathered from the J-VLQAC can be used to tailor psychological support and help caregivers engage in activities that reflect their personal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and explore underlying dimensions of the Self-Regulation Assessment (SeRA) and psychometric features of potential components. Further, to identify associations between the SeRA and disability-management self-efficacy, type of diagnosis, and type of rehabilitation. Based on a previously developed model of self-regulation, expert and patient opinions, and cognitive interviews, a list of 22 items on self-regulation (the SeRA) was constructed. The SeRA was included in a cross-sectional survey among a multi-diagnostic group of 563 former rehabilitation patients. Exploratory analyses were conducted. Respondents had a mean age of 56.5 (SD 12.7) years. The largest diagnostic groups were chronic pain disorder and brain injury. Four components were found within the SeRA, labelled as "insight into own health condition," "insight into own capabilities," "apply self-regulation," and "organization of help." Cronbach's alpha was high (total scale: 0.93, subscales: range 0.85–0.89). Only scores on the first subscale showed a ceiling effect. Subscale three showed the highest correlation with a self-efficacy measure. Small differences in SeRA total scores (range 71.6–78.1) were found between different diagnostic groups. The SeRA is a new self-regulation measure with four subscales. Further research is needed to establish the validity and reliability of the SeRA. The Self-Regulation Assessment (SeRA) was developed to provide a comprehensive measurement of self-regulation among rehabilitation populations. The SeRA could potentially be used to identify persons with self-regulation problems at the start of rehabilitation treatment and measure outcomes of rehabilitation for self-regulation. The SeRA could potentially be used to help analyse outcomes of rehabilitation practice as well as evaluate interventions on self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (LDCDQ) is a parental questionnaire designed to identify preschool children at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the LDCDQ for French European informants (Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire-French European [LDCDQ-FE]) and to undertake a pilot examination of its psychometric properties on a French sample. A thorough process of cultural adaptation was completed. The psychometric properties were examined with a sample of 154 French children aged to 5y11m (control = 121; clinically referred = 33). A sub-group of 34 children was assessed using the MABC-2 to measure convergent validity. Principal component analysis demonstrated a four-component structure, accounting for 67.5% of the variance. Internal consistency was acceptable to good (α = 0.74–0.89). Significant correlation between the LDCDQ-FE and the MABC-2 total scores showed convergent validity. Discriminant validity was supported by significant score differences between the clinically referred and a matched control sub-group. Using ROC curves, a cutoff of 67 was proposed for a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 77.8%. Results show initial evidence of the psychometric properties of the LDCDQ-FE and are encouraging of its use to identify young preschoolers at risk for DCD. In future studies, the test-retest reliability should be investigated, and study sample sizes expanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally teachers are mandated by law to report suspected child sexual abuse (CSA). The Teachers' Reporting Questionnaire (TRQ) was constructed to assess teachers' intentions to report CSA suspicions in Australia. The current research examines the development of the Teacher Reporting Questionnaire for South African foundation phase educators (TRQ-SA) and provides an evaluation of the TRQ-SA as a survey instrument for utilization in other studies. The TRQ-SA is a self-administered survey instrument used in a cross-sectional quantitative study that investigated teacher reporting intentions using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A stratified random sample of 399 teachers from the eight school districts in the Western Cape province of South Africa was achieved. Before the TRQ-SA was developed, a qualitative elicitation study was conducted. Once developed, the questionnaire was pre-tested before the quantitative central study survey was administered. Cronbach's alpha was used to indicate reliability of scales, where a minimum α coefficient of.7 is considered acceptable. In the quantitative survey, the TRQ-SA had the following results: α =.74 was achieved for the attitude towards reporting scale, α =.78 for the subjective norm scale, α =.74 for the perceived behavioral control scale and α =.79 for the intention to report scale. The TRQ-SA achieved good internal consistency for all its TPB scales. The TRQ-SA is a valid and reliable survey instrument which could be used "as is" or amended in similar settings and countries testing the TPB in their own contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge is limited on attendance and involvement of perceived participation of children with long-term health conditions. To evaluate the perceived participation of children with long-term health conditions and to compare their participation with that of healthy peers. A cross-sectional comparative study was designed using self-reported data from 65 children with long-term health conditions and from 65 healthy peers, utilising the simplified Chinese version of Picture My Participation (PMP-C; Simplified). The frequency scores of children with long-term health conditions were significantly lower than those of healthy peers in terms of attendance for the total domain and for 13 activity items. The involvement scores of children with long-term health conditions were significantly lower than those of healthy children in 3 items. There was a strong correlation between rank orders of the most important activities for the two groups (r = 0.83). Children with long-term health conditions participated less in activities compared to healthy children. Further studies are required to investigate factors of the participation of children. The PMP-C (Simplified) offered an opportunity for children to express their own perspectives of participation based on their individual experience of the activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevention capacity of local health organisations is associated with the performance and outcomes in public health. In Colombia, where cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, there is limited knowledge about the capacity of local health departments to prevent this condition. Efforts are needed to address problems, potential solutions and expected outcomes regarding cardiovascular disease. In this study, a conceptual model for cardiovascular disease prevention capacity in Colombian local health departments was developed, a questionnaire based on this model was validated, the overall cardiovascular disease prevention capacity in a subsample of these organisations was measured, and the association between cardiovascular disease prevention capacity and political, population, and organisational factors was examined. Once the acceptable performance of the questionnaire was verified, variability in cardiovascular prevention capacity was found among a subsample of local health departments. Furthermore, this study provides primary evidence regarding the association between the size of local health departments and overall cardiovascular disease prevention capacity in Colombia. Future studies should focus on measuring this capacity on a larger scale and developing, implementing, and evaluating interventions aimed at strengthening cardiovascular prevention capacity in Colombian local jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University students experience a distinct working environment in the context of completing their studies. In line with existing research into the connection between workplace environment and stress, it is rational to believe that such study environments can affect the level of stress that students experience. However, few instruments have been developed for measuring this. The aim of this study was to validate a modified instrument based on the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) model among students at a large university in southern Sweden to determine its utility for assessing the psychosocial properties of the study environment. Data from a survey performed at a Swedish university in 2019, which generated 8960 valid cases, was used. Of these cases, 5410 studied a course or programme at bachelor level, 3170 a course or programme at master level, and 366 a combination of courses and programmes on the two levels (14 missing). A 22-item DCS-instrument for students was used comprising four scales: Psychological workload (demand) with nine items, Decision latitude (control) with eight items, supervisor/lecturer support with four items, and colleague/student support with three items. Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the Demand-Control components support a 3-dimension solution with dimensions corresponding to psychological demands, skill discretion, and decision authority in the original DCS model. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were acceptable for Control (0.60) and Student Support (0.72) and very good for the Demand and Supervisor Support scales (0.81 and 0.84, respectively). The results suggest that the validated 22-item DCS-instrument is a reliable and valid tool for assessing Demand, Control, and Support elements of the psychosocial study environment among student populations. Further research is necessary to examine the predictive validity of this modified instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 and the need for physical distancing, the provision of Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) services via telepractice has been essential. One of the first steps in this field is the need to study telepractice among Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs). However, there is currently no specific instrument to measure telepractice in SLP to achieve this aim. The present study was conducted to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to investigate telepractice among SLPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study comprised of two stages: (1) development of the questionnaire according to an in-depth literature review and (2) evaluation of the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The content validity of the instrument was determined by 10 experts in the field of SLP. To check the face validity of the questionnaire, 10 SLPs were interviewed and their opinions were incorporated in the questionnaire. A total of 221 SLPs completed the questionnaire to determine the construct validity and the internal consistency. To evaluate the test-retest reliability, 30 SLPs completed the questionnaire twice with two weeks of interval. The final version of the questionnaire comprised of three sections and 31 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for different sections of the questionnaire ranged between 0.902 and 0.92 and the Intra-class Correlation coefficients of the sections were found to be between 0.9 and 0.96 in the test-retest reliability. The questionnaire developed in the study is a valid and reliable scale to measure telepractice among SLPs for educational or research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working remotely from home within lockdown conditions can have implications on wellbeing and how people perceive and interact with technology to coordinate, communicate and collaborate with others. Previous research has shown relationships amongst life satisfaction, loneliness and problematic internet use and, also, between the latter and cyber security behaviours. We re-examine these relationships during the UK COVID-19 lockdown through an online survey completed by 299 participants working from home. The survey included demographics and work conditions questions and also the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale, Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire-Short Form-6 (PIUQ-SF-6), and Security Behavior Intentions Scale (SeBIS). Structural equation modelling revealed that most notably, loneliness positively predicted problematic internet use, life satisfaction negatively predicted problematic internet use and that problematic internet use negatively predicted cyber security behaviours Implications includes educational and therapeutic interventions which could be applied by employers/governing bodies to target those at risk of loneliness and problematic internet use with the hope of mitigating these experiences and improving cyber security behaviours. The current findings may be especially relevant should waves of COVID-19 or similar crisis are experienced, and when working from home becomes a norm for some organisations and jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate and cross-culturally adapt, the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire 2.0 to Persian (WRFQ-Pr), and evaluate reliability and validity. Standardized protocols were followed including forward-backward translation then synthesis/consolidation. Subsequent pilot investigation of the draft WRFQ-Pr (n = 50, male = 68%, age = 33.5 ± 7.3 years) tested the alternative wording and determined face and content validity through readability, understandability, interpretation, and cultural relevance. Participants (n = 288) were recruited from a convenience sample to assess: construct validity through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Promax rotation and maximum least squares extraction; and internal consistency using Cronbach's α coefficient. Test-retest reliability was evaluated from the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1). The forward-backward translation was achieved with eight items (1,3,4,5,9,11,12,22) modified and reformulated due to idiomatic issues. Internal consistency for the subscales ranged from α = 0.87–0.95, and the test-retest reliability was ICC(2,1)=0.92 (CI: 0.89–0.95). The EFA showed a four-factor solution, being identical to the original version, however items 20–22 loaded with items 23–26 in one factor, which was re-named "flexibility and social demand." One item (#26) did not load above the required 0.30 threshold and was removed from the WRFQ-Pr. No floor or ceiling effects were found. The WRFQ translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Persian (WRFQ-Pr) was performed successfully. The determined properties of reliability and validity were comparable to those of the original English version. The WRFW can simultaneously evaluate the health status of the worker, the existence of impairments, the involved factors in creating ability/disability at work, and the outcome of the interventions. There is no instrument available for the Persian-speaking population to evaluate related disability at work and the condition of return to work after a rehabilitation intervention. The WRFQ was translated and culturally adapted into Persian. The WRFW-Pr demonstrated excellent internal consistency, test-retest reliability and a four-factor structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validate the factor structure and establish internal consistency reliability of the French-Canadian version of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4), using a Canadian sample of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) receiving post-acute rehabilitation services. Psychometric analysis of French-Canadian MPAI-4 data from TBI adults (N = 1012) who received rehabilitation interventions and for whom a first French-Canadian MPAI-4 measure was completed between 2016 and 2020. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the French-Canadian MPAI-4. The final and best solution revealed three factors, which accounted for 48.68% of the variance. Using Cronbach's alpha, all subscales showed good internal consistency (all 0.70 ≤ α ≤ 0.89). Reference norms for the TBI sample are provided, as well as descriptive raw data according to sex, age, TBI severity and rehabilitation setting. The French-Canadian MPAI-4 factor structure is validated. The three factors extracted are similar to the three subscales of the original MPAI-4. The questionnaire shows good psychometric properties and represents a suitable tool for TBI adults receiving rehabilitation services in a French-Canadian context. The provided reference norms will also help guide the clinical use of the MPAI-4 in French-Canadian TBI populations. The MPAI-4 questionnaire measures functional abilities, global outcome and community integration following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The questionnaire can be used in inpatient, outpatient and vocational rehabilitation settings to assess TBI patients' progress and outcomes, plan interventions and evaluate the effect of rehabilitation. The French-Canadian version of the MPAI-4 is validated and suitable to be used in French-Canadian post-acute TBI rehabilitation settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposition that teaching is a reflective profession is prominent within educational discourse. Theories that underpin reflection are a critical component of initial teacher education (ITE) programmes. This study aims to assess the reliability of the modified Reflective Practice Questionnaire (RPQ) in a population of ITE students; and to compare the study findings to other studies using the RPQ in other professions. This study reports cross-sectional findings for reflective capacity in ITE students undertaking three different ITE programmes, the Bachelor of Arts (Hons) (BA) Education [n=91], Professional Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Primary [n=209] and Secondary [n=167], in one Scottish university. Findings show that the modified RPQ reliably assesses reflective capacity (Cronbach's alpha 0.82), which differs depending on the programme of study followed. BA students' reflective capacity is higher than that of PGDE (P) but is not different to PGDE (S) students. PGDE (P) students differing from BA students in terms of Reflection-in-Action (RiA), Self-Appraisal (SA), Confidence (general) (CG), and Confidence (communication) (CC), whereas PGDE (S) and BA students differ in terms of SA, CG CC and Stress interacting with Pupils (SiP). This study indicates student teachers' reflective capacity is higher than those found in studies of other professions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), weakness of the upper limb (UL) muscles has a significant impact on daily activities and body functions. This problem necessitates a screening tool that can be used quickly and easily in clinical situations, such as the Upper Limb Short Questionnaire (ULSQ). However, its validity and reliability as a clinical measure have not yet been evaluated. The ULSQ was initially administered in face-to-face interviews, and then by telephone four weeks later. Lower limb and UL body functions were assessed by the Vignos and modified Brooke scales, respectively. A total of 160 patients participated in the initial ULSQ interview; 132 patients completed the follow-up interview. Construct validity was confirmed by exploratory and subsequent confirmatory factor analyses. The UL function component sum score correlated with the modified Brooke scale score (Kendall's Tau 0.64, p < 0.001). The total and component (UL function, pain, and stiffness) sum scores were higher in non-ambulators than in ambulators. The reliability was acceptable, as determined by internal consistency and test-retest agreement. The ULSQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool for screening UL function, pain, and stiffness in patients with DMD in clinical settings. The Upper Limb Short Questionnaire (ULSQ) for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) can be easily used in clinical settings. The ULSQ comprises 14 items that assess upper limb function, pain, and stiffness in patients with DMD and is a valid and reliable assessment tool for screening purposes. The sum score of the upper limb function component (ULSQ 1–5; 1 point per item) could be used to measure activity limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the reliability and validity of Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) in Iranian patients with idiopathic PD. One hundred and eighty patients with PD and 60 age-, gender-, and educational level-matched healthy individuals participated in this study. Inter-rater and test–retest reliability of the Persian version of PD-CRS was investigated in 80 patients with PD. To evaluate the construct validity of the PD-CRS, its correlation with the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease-Cognition (SCOPA-Cog), Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Clock Drawing Test, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Section I, and Quick Dementia Rating System was assessed. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the PD-CRS, patients with PD were classified as groups with normal cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia using the Clinical Dementia Rating. Test–retest and inter-rater reliability (ICC > 0.90), as well as internal consistency (α = 0.94) of the Persian version of PD-CRS, were excellent. A high positive correlation was found between the PD-CRS and SCOPA-Cog. A cut-off point of ≤79 (sensitivity 98.15% and specificity 98.04%) and ≤62 (sensitivity 100%, and specificity 100%) on the PD-CRS total score was obtained for detecting MCI and dementia in PD patients, respectively. The results of this study showed that the Persian version of PD-CRS is a reliable and valid measure with high sensitivity and specificity to identify MCI and dementia in patients with PD. The PD-CRS has an excellent test–retest and inter-rater reliability and validity in Iranian patients with PD. The PD-CRS has high sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between different levels of cognitive impairment (i.e. no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia) in Iranian patients with PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to validate the simplified Chinese version of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) for Chinese patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). The construct validity was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The convergent validity was based on factor loading, composite reliability (CR), and Pearson correlation coefficients (r). Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's α, test–retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and the ceiling and floor effects were also examined. A total of 168 native Chinese-speaking patients were enrolled. The CFA indicated that construct validity did not meet the preset criteria to be considered as good. Except for Q 4-1, the factor loading was higher than the standard of 0.5, and the CR values ranged from 0.70 to 0.85. Strong to moderate correlations were found between other scales and the simplified Chinese JOACMEQ. The scale showed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α 0.639–0.821), and test–retest reliability (ICC 0.760–0.916). Moreover, the ceiling effect was displayed from Q1 to Q4. This study indicates that the simplified Chinese JOACMEQ is a reliable and valid measure of the functional status among Chinese patients with CSM. The JOACMEQ was translated into the simplified Chinese and culturally adapted for Chinese-speaking patients with CSM for the first time. The simplified JOACMEQ demonstrated an excellent level of internal consistency and good test–retest reliability. The simplified Chinese JOACMEQ was reliable and valid for the measurement of the functional status among the patients with CSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global information and communication technologies (ICT) industry considers the Internet of Things (IoT) to be a promising and innovative area for development. The IoT concept encompasses both traditional products and services as well as new services. However, there is always user resistance whenever new products or innovative services are introduced in the market, and only a few studies have considered the concept of user resistance in understanding users' perspectives toward IoT environments. Thus, this study employed the concept of user resistance behaviour to explain the continual usage intention of IoT services. The results, using structural equation modelling with an integrated research model, confirm the roles of perceived benefits, risk, and three external factors – privacy concerns, trust, and ease of use – in influencing the intention to use IoT services or products. Moreover, the relationships between intention, resistance attitude, perceived benefits, and risk were also investigated. The findings can provide a foundation for using user resistance behaviour to explain the future of IoT-based services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) into Marathi, and to evaluate their clinimetric properties in a native Marathi speaking population with chronic low back pain The BBQ and PSEQ were translated into Marathi using international published guidelines. Fifty native Marathi speakers were recruited. Reliability (n = 43) was evaluated in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach α) and test-retest reliability [intra class correlation coefficient, ICC (2, 1)] and 95% confidence interval (CI). Convergent validity (n = 50) was assessed by correlating the Marathi versions of BBQ and PSEQ with the Marathi version of Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Internal consistency of BBQ (Cronbach α = 0.67) was good and that for PSEQ (Cronbach α = 0.93) was high. Test-retest reliability for BBQ (ICC = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.89) was good and PSEQ (ICC = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.92) was excellent. A significant, low negative correlation was found between RMDQ and BBQ scores (r = −0.298; p = 0.036) and PSEQ (r = −0.28; p = 0.049). The BBQ and PSEQ were successfully cross-culturally adapted into Marathi. Clinimetric evaluation of these questionnaires in a sample of native Marathi speaking populations with chronic low back pain demonstrated good acceptability, acceptable internal consistency, and high test-retest reliability. The Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) and Pain Self Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) were successfully cross-culturally adapted into Marathi. The Marathi versions of BBQ and PSEQ have good acceptability, acceptable internal consistency, and high test-retest reliability. They can be used by clinicians and researchers to evaluate beliefs about back pain and pain self-efficacy in Marathi speaking patients with chronic low back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the large population of patients with mental disorders and the rapid development of mental health services in China, there are few evaluations of Chinese mental health services from the patient perspective. Relevant instruments with robust psychometric properties are lacking. This study aimed to translate, adapt and validate the WHO responsiveness performance questionnaire for measuring the quality of hospital mental health services among Chinese patients. The adaption of the translated questionnaire incorporated experts' and patients' opinions. For psychometric testing, 193 outpatients and 168 inpatients completed outpatient and inpatient modules, respectively. The adapted questionnaire adhered to the WHO framework of responsiveness domains, and just four items had some wording changes. Item missing rates were below 6%. Both the outpatient and inpatient modules had acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.837 and 0.730) and most domains had desirable average inter-item correlation coefficients. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable model fit for the inpatient module, while some goodness-of-fit indices for the outpatient module were a little outside of the recommended ranges. Except for 'talking privately' from the domain of confidentiality (both outpatient and inpatient modules) and 'waiting time' from the domain of prompt attention (the inpatient module), factor loadings of all other items were above 0.5. The Chinese version of the responsiveness performance questionnaire has acceptable feasibility, reliability, and validity in general and it can be used to measure, assess and improve the quality of mental health services in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]