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Natural Kosa silk is one of the textile fibers to be used in apparel application. Since it is proteinous and hygroscopic fiber and gets affected easily by microbes during usage and storage. Hence, this special type of silk produced in Chhattisgarh state of India, needs to be treated for the antimicrobial treatment for its better applications in various fields. Therefore, in the present work, the Kosa silk was modified by grafting of quaternary ammonium compound-containing monomer through thermo-chemical route. Experimental conditions for achieving optimum grafting of ionic monomer [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAETC) was investigated. Redox combination of ceric ammonium nitrate as a redox initiator and nitric acid (HNO3) as catalyst, by successively varying reaction conditions like concentration of initiator, catalyst and desired monomers under optimized reaction conditions were performed. The grafted silk material was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) techniques. The antibacterial study of grafted silk material having quaternary ammonium groups is an emerging group of antibacterial agents, which can be used as disinfectants. Using agar well method demonstrated that the grafted silk (KS-g-MAETC) inhibited the growth of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. As this grafted silk material has potent antibacterial activity, it may be used in the garment industry as well as for various biomedical applications, thus, serving the humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]