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We develop the theory of transformation of intensive initial nonlinear wave pulses to trains of solitons emerging at asymptotically large time of evolution. Our approach is based on the theory of dispersive shock waves in which the number of nonlinear oscillations in the shock becomes the number of solitons at the asymptotic state. We show that this number of oscillations, which is proportional to the classical action of particles associated with the small-amplitude edges of shocks, is preserved by the dispersionless flow. Then, the Poincaré–Cartan integral invariant is also constant, and therefore, it reduces to the quantization rule similar to the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization rule for a linear spectral problem associated with completely integrable equations. This rule yields a set of "eigenvalues," which are related to the asymptotic solitons' velocities and their characteristics. It is implied that the soliton equations under consideration give modulationally stable solutions; therefore, these "eigenvalues" are real. Our analytical results agree very well with the results of numerical solutions of the generalized defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the thin-layer quantization, we formulate the problem of a Schrödinger particle constrained to move along a coordinate surface of the bi-spherical coordinate system. In three-dimensional space, the free Schrödinger equation is not separable in this coordinate system. However, when we consider the equation for a particle constrained to a given surface, there are only two degrees of freedom. One has to introduce a geometrical potential to attach the particle to the surface. This well-known potential has two contributions: one from Gauss' curvature and the other from the mean curvature. The Schrödinger equation leads to a general Heun equation. We solve it exactly and present the eigenfunctions and plots of the probability densities, and, as an application of this methodology, we study the problem of an electric charge propagating along these coordinate surfaces in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]