33 results on '"Noblet, Jean"'
Search Results
2. Re-evaluation of recent research on metabolic utilization of energy in poultry: Recommendations for a net energy system for broilers
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Noblet, Jean, Tay-Zar, Aye-Cho, Wu, Shu-Biao, Srichana, Pairat, Cozannet, Pierre, Geraert, Pierre-André, and Choct, Mingan
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Methodologies for energy evaluation of pig and poultry feeds: A review
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Noblet, Jean, Wu, Shu-Biao, and Choct, Mingan
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Postprandial insulin and nutrient concentrations in lipopolysaccharide-challenged growing pigs reared in thermoneutral and high ambient temperatures
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Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado, MERLOT, Elodie, Renaudeau, David, Noblet, Jean, Le Floc'h, Nathalie, Department of Animal Science, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), McGill University, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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stress thermique ,insulin ,lps ,métabolisme énergétique ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,metabolite ,swine ,heat stress ,température ambiante ,acide aminé ,inflammation ,animal nutrition ,nutrition animale ,room temperature ,métabolisme ,amino acid ,insuline ,porc - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associated effects of ambient temperature and inflammation caused by repeated administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on insulin, energy, and AA metabolism. Twenty-eight pigs were assigned to one of the two thermal conditions: thermoneutral (24 °C) or high ambient temperature (30 °C). The experimental period lasted 17 d, which was divided into a 7-d period without LPS (days −7 to −1), and a subsequent 10-d LPS period (days 1 to 10) in which pigs were administered 5 repeated injections of LPS at 2-d intervals. Postprandial profiles of plasma insulin and nutrients were evaluated through serial blood samples taken on days −4 (P0), 4 (P1), and 8 (P2). Before the LPS-challenge (P0), postprandial concentrations of glucose, lactate, Gln, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, and Val were greater in pigs kept at 24 °C than at 30 °C (P < 0.05). In contrast, Arg, Asp, Gly, His, and Met postprandial concentrations at P0 were lower at 24 °C than at 30 °C (P < 0.05). At both 24 and 30 °C conditions, pigs had greater postprandial concentrations of insulin (P < 0.01) and lower concentrations of NEFA (P < 0.01) and α-amino nitrogen (P < 0.05) at P1 and P2 than at P0. Compared with P0, postprandial concentrations of glucose were greater (P < 0.05) at P1 in pigs kept at 24 °C, and at P1 and P2 in pigs kept at 30 °C. At both ambient temperatures, pigs had lower (P < 0.05) postprandial concentrations of Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, and Val at P1 and P2 than at P0. Arginine postprandial concentration at P1 was lower than at P0 in pigs kept at 24 °C (P < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed in pigs at 30 °C. Relative to P0, Gln and Tyr concentrations were lower at P1 and P2 in pigs kept at 24 °C (P < 0.01), whereas lower Gln concentration was observed only at P2 (P < 0.01) and lower Tyr only at P1 (P < 0.01) in pigs kept at 30 °C. Our study shows a hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic state in LPS-challenged pigs and a greater magnitude of this response in pigs kept at 30 °C. Furthermore, LPS caused important changes in BCAA, His, Thr, and Trp profiles, suggesting the role these AA in supporting the inflammatory response. Finally, our results suggest that LPS-induced effects on postprandial profiles of specific AA (Arg, Gln, Phe, and Tyr) may be modulated by ambient temperature.
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- 2019
5. Energy in practical formulation: New research, industry trends and direction and research gaps
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Van Milgen, Jaap, Noblet, Jean, Labussière, Etienne, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition - Abstract
International audience; The cost of feed contributes largely to the cost of pig production and energy represents the largest part of this cost. An appropriate assessment of the energy value of feed ingredients and diets is therefore very important in feed formulation. Likewise, it is important to understand and to quantify how an animal uses its dietary energy, which is often referred to as the energy requirement. To be meaningful, energy values and energy requirements must “talk the same language”. For example, in a net energy (NE) system, the marginal efficiencies with which nutrients are used are attributed to the NE value of the ingredients or the diet. Consequently, these efficiencies are no longer accounted for in the NE requirement. In an ME system, only the material energy losses are accounted for in the ME value of an ingredient and the efficiency with which the energy is used is accounted for in the energy requirement as the cost of energy retention. The choice of an energy system has an important impact on the relative energy values of different feed ingredients and thus on feed formulation. Compared to starch, feed ingredients rich in fat have a higher NE value (compared to an ME value), while protein and fiber-rich ingredients have a lower NE value. Animal performance is better related to the NE intake than to the ME or DE intake and the NE system is therefore the preferred system for feed formulation in many countries. Although a NE system accounts for differences in energy efficiency among nutrients, a large part of the variation in NE values among feed ingredients originates from variation in energy digestibility. Also, the energy digestibility of a given ingredient typically increases with increasing body weight of the animal. This means that the DE value of a feed ingredient is not a property of the diet, but results from the interaction between the animal and its diet. Interactions between the diet and the animal also occur at the metabolic level. The fact that nutrients can be used for difference purposes (e.g., energy retained as protein or lipid, ATP production) has led to proposals to further refine the NE system. It is our belief that a further refinement of an NE systems is useful only if it is also accounts for interactions between the animal and its nutrients, thereby abandoning the very concept of additivity on which feed formulation is based.
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- 2018
6. Bioavailability of the dietary energy component
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Van Milgen, Jaap, Labussière, Etienne, Noblet, Jean, de Lange, C.F.M., Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, European Project: 633531,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,Feed-a-Gene(2015), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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énergie métabolisable ,nutriment ,énergie nette ,alimentation animale ,calorimétrie ,énergie digestible ,analyse biochimique ,animal monogastrique ,biodisponibilité ,utilisation de l'énergie ,Alimentation et Nutrition ,Food and Nutrition ,nutrition animale ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,porc - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2018
7. Ambient temperature do not affects branched-chain amino acids postprandial metabolism in growing pigs
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Moreira, Vinícius E., Campos, Paulo H. R. F., MERLOT, Elodie, Renaudeau, David, Noblet, Jean, Le Floc'h-Burban, Nathalie, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri = Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Vallays (UFJMV), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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stress thermique ,nutriment ,nutrient ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,swine ,Nutrients ,isoléucine ,heat stress ,température ambiante ,acide aminé ,Heat stress ,Isoleucine ,Leucine ,Valine ,valine ,room temperature ,acclimatation ,leucine ,amino acid ,porc ,métabolisme postprandial - Abstract
The branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine are indispensable amino acids because they cannot be synthesized by the pig and therefore must be obtained from the diet to maintain growth and health. In hot conditions, pigs decrease nutrients intake to reduce heat production associated with digestive and metabolic processes. Therefore, ambient temperature is supposed to induce changes on amino acids partitioning and utilization. In this regard, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ambient temperature on leucine, isoleucine and valine postprandial metabolism. Twenty-eight growing pigs equipped with a jugular catheter were divided into two groups and housed in thermo-neutral (TN, 24ºC) or high (HT, 30ºC) ambient temperature-controlled rooms. Pigs remained in the temperature-controlled rooms for a period of 21 days divided in a 14 days adaptation period and a subsequent seven days experimental period (from day 1 to 7). On day 4, all the animals received 300 g of feed after a fasting period overnight, and serial blood samples (4 mL) of each animal were collected over a period of four hours in order to measure plasma amino acids concentrations. Amino acids postprandial concentrations were analyzed using the linear MIXED procedure of SAS including the fixed effects of ambient temperature. The analysis of postprandial amino acids variations suggests negligible direct effects of high ambient temperature on leucine, isoleucine and valine. This absence of significant effects might be explained by the prior acclimation of pigs to the high ambient temperature. Accordingly, previous studies have demonstrated that adaptation of pigs to an ambient temperature of 30°C required three to four days.
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- 2017
8. An inflammatory challenge caused by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide alters branched-chain amino acids metabolism in growing pigs
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Moreira, Vinícius E., Campos, Paulo H. R. F., MERLOT, Elodie, Renaudeau, David, Noblet, Jean, Le Floc'h-Burban, Nathalie, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri = Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Vallays (UFJMV), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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physiologie animale ,nutriment ,Physiology ,système immunitaire ,nutrient ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Postprandial metabolism ,swine ,acide aminé ,condition sanitaire ,inflammation ,animal nutrition ,Sanitary challenge ,Amino acids ,Nutrition ,nutrition animale ,amino acid ,porc ,métabolisme postprandial - Abstract
Pigs reared in commercial conditions are often exposed to sanitary challenges. Consequently, the immune system interacts with regulatory and metabolic mechanisms to maintain animal homeostasis and integrity. For instance, a redistribution of nutrients from growth to the immune responses have been widely reported in challenged animals including pigs. However, little is known on the effects of imune system activation on amino acids metabolism in growing pigs. The aim of this study was then to evaluate the effects of an inflammatory challenge caused by repeated injections of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine. Fourteen growing pigs fitted with a jugular catheter were housed in a temperature-controlled room in which ambient temperature was maintained constant at 24°C. The experimental period lasted 17 days that was subdivided in a seven days period before and a 10 days period during the inflammatory challenge that consisted in five repeated injections of LPS at two days intervals. The initial dose of 30 μg/kg of body weight was increased by 12% at each subsequent injection. Before the LPS-challenge (baseline), and 24h after the second (T1) and the fourth (T2) LPS injections, 300 g of feed was given to pigs previously fasted overnight and serial blood samples were taken over four-hours to measure plasma amino acids concentrations. Amino acids postprandial concentrations were analyzed using the linear MIXED procedure of SAS including the fixed effects of time points (baseline, T1 or T2). According to our results, pigs had lower (P < 0.05) postprandial concentrations of leucine, isoleucine and valine during than before the LPS challenge. The lower plasma concentrations of the branched-chain amino acids might be associated to their increased transamination and oxidation to be used as energy source during the inflammatory challenge to support the synthesis of immune system compounds and others immune actions such as the fever response. These results suggest that the requirements for branched-chain amino acids is increased in response to inflammatory stimuli and that the supplementation of these amino acids might be advantageous in pigs exposed to immune and/or sanitary challenges.
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- 2017
9. Lysine, threonine and tryptophan postprandial metabolism in LPS challenged growing pigs
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Littiere, Thayssa de O., Campos, Paulo H. R. F., Merlot, Elodie, Renaudeau, David, Noblet, Jean, Le Floc'h, Nathalie, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri = Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Vallays (UFJMV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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physiologie animale ,nutriment ,Physiology ,nutrient ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,swine ,acide aminé ,Metabolism ,Amino acids ,Inflammation ,Nutrition ,inflammation ,animal nutrition ,nutrition animale ,amino acid ,porc ,métabolisme postprandial - Abstract
Sanitary challenges and/or immune system activation are associated with decreased voluntary feed intake, increased metabolic rate and energy expenditure, and alterations on nutrient utilization in growing pigs. As a consequence, animals weight gain and feed efficiency are negatively impacted in such conditions. The aim of this study was then to evaluate the effects of an inflammatory challenge caused by repeated injections of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on lysine, threonine and tryptophan postprandial metabolism. Fourteen growing pigs fitted with a jugular catheter were housed in a temperature-controlled room in which ambient temperature was maintained constant at 24°C. The experimental period lasted 17 days that was subdivided in a seven days period before and a 10 days period during the inflammatory challenge that consisted in five repeated injections of LPS at two days intervals. The initial dose of 30 μg/kg of body weight was increased by 12% at each subsequent injection to circumvent adaptive endotoxin resistance to the repeated inflammatory stimuli. Before the LPS- challenge (baseline), and 24h after the second (T1) and the fourth (T2) LPS injections, 300 g of feed was given to pigs previously fasted overnight and serial blood samples were taken over four-hours to measure plasma amino acids concentrations. Amino acids postprandial concentrations were analyzed using the linear MIXED procedure of SAS including the fixed effects of time points (baseline, T1 or T2). Relative to baseline, postprandial concentrations of lysine were lower at T1 and greater at T2. In addition, the LPS-challenge induced a long-lasting (at T1 and T2) reduction in plasma postprandial concentrations of threonine and tryptophan. Firstly, these results suggest a short-term increased utilization of lysine to be used as energy source during the LPS-challenge. Then, lysine demand decreases in association with a lower protein synthesis for growth. Secondly, they evidence an increased threonine and tryptophan metabolic demand to support the requirements of the immune response. For instance, the immune system activation induces the synthesis of acute phase proteins that, in turn, have greater amounts of threonine and tryptophan in their compositions. Finally, our evidences that an inflammatory challenge caused by LPS leads to significant changes on amino acids metabolism and partitioning. induces significant changes in the postprandial metabolism of growing pigs. These findings may contribute to redefine pigs nutritional requirements during inflammatory and/or immune challenges.
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- 2017
10. Effects of ambient temperature on the postprandial metabolism of limiting essential amino acids in growing pigs
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Littiere, Thayssa de O., Campos, Paulo H. R. F., Merlot, Elodie, Renaudeau, David, Noblet, Jean, Le Floc'h, Nathalie, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri = Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Vallays (UFJMV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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stress thermique ,lysine ,nutriment ,nutrient ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,swine ,Nutrients ,heat stress ,température ambiante ,Heat stress ,Lysine ,Threonine ,Tryptophan ,thréonine ,tryptophane ,tryptophan ,room temperature ,acclimatation ,porc ,métabolisme postprandial - Abstract
High ambient temperature is one of the major environmental factors limiting animal production in tropical and subtropical areas. Pig production is particularly affected because of the high sensitivity of pigs to high ambient temperatures due to their limited capacity to dissipate heat and the high metabolic heat production of modern genotypes. The consequences of high temperature on pigs include the well described reduction in voluntary feed intake and growth but also changes on hormones and nutrients metabolism. In this regard, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ambient temperature on lysine, threonine and tryptophan postprandial metabolism. Twenty-eight growing pigs equipped with a jugular catheter were divided into two groups and housed in thermo-neutral (TN, 24ºC) or high (HT, 30ºC) ambient temperature-controlled rooms. Pigs remained in the temperature-controlled rooms for a period of 21 days divided in a 14 days adaptation period and a subsequent seven days experimental period (from day 1 to 7). On day 4, all the animals received 300 g of feed after a fasting period overnight, and serial blood samples (4 mL) of each animal were collected over a period of four hours in order to measure plasma amino acids concentrations. Amino acids postprandial concentrations were analyzed using the linear MIXED procedure of SAS including the fixed effects of ambient temperature. A similar response profile was observed for the three evaluated amino acids (lysine, tryptophan and threonine) in which plasma concentrations increased immediately after the meal intake, reached peak values between 40 and 70 minutes, and decreased thereafter. According to our results, ambient temperature did not affect the postprandial profiles of the amino acids (P > 0.05) suggesting that pigs kept at 30°C had rather close metabolic statuses to those kept at 24°C in terms of lysine, tryptophan and threonine utilization.
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- 2017
11. Optimization of swine farm feeding programs by integration of lean growth potential and automated feeding systems
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Van Milgen, Jaap, Noblet, Jean, Dourmad, Jean-Yves, Labussière, Etienne, Garcia-Launay, Florence, Brossard, Ludovic, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,[SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2016
12. Physiological responses of growing pigs to high ambient temperature and/or health challenge
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Reis Furtado Campos, Paulo Henrique, Le Floc'h, Nathalie, NOBLET, Jean, Renaudeau, David, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri = Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Vallays (UFJMV), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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température ambiante ,physiologie animale ,condition d'élevage ,adaptation à la chaleur ,santé animale ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,acclimatation ,porc - Abstract
International audience; Global warming will be one of the most important challenges facing livestock production over the next decades. In such a scenario, pig production will be affected because of the high sensitivity of pigs to high ambient temperatures as a consequence of both their limited capacity to dissipate heat and the high metabolic heat production of modern lean genotypes. In addition, pig production will be presumably more challenged by the effects of high ambient temperatures due to its important development in developing countries mainly located in tropical and subtropical areas. However, high temperature is not the unique factor impairing the sustainability and profitability of pig production. In commercial conditions, pigs have been more and more exposed to health challenges due to intensification of animal production and higher stocking density. Furthermore, the association of high relative humidity and high ambient temperature, that usually occurs in tropical and subtropical areas, benefits the proliferation and dissemination of vectors and/or pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi) resulting in a higher environmental pathogenic pressure. As a consequence, the immune system is activated which induces a cascade of physiological and metabolic responses that, in turn, have usually a negative impact on growth and feed efficiency. Although the specific effects of high ambient temperature and disease on animal physiology and performance have been well documented in literature, little is known about the associated effects of both factors. This understanding may contribute to a better quantification and comprehension of the physiological and metabolic disturbances occurring in practical conditions of pig production in tropical areas and, more generally, in many other geographic areas that will be impacted by the perspective of global warming. Some recent studies suggest that growing pigs previously acclimated to high ambient temperature had an improved capacity to limit the physiological and metabolic disturbances caused by an inflammatory challenge induced by repeated administrations of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Therefore, the objective of this work is to provide an overview of recent research advances (1) on the physiological responses of growing pigs during acclimation to high ambient temperature; and (2) on the potential effects of high ambient temperature on the ability of growing pigs to resist, cope or recover to health challenges.
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- 2016
13. Recent advances in energy and protein evaluation of poultry and pig feeds
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Noblet, Jean, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,énergie métabolisable ,énergie nette ,alimentation animale ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,énergie digestible ,performance animale ,valeur protéique ,valeur énergétique des aliments ,volaille ,acide aminé ,[SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,nutrition animale ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,porc - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2016
14. Update on energy evaluation of pig feeds
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Noblet, Jean, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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énergie nette ,alimentation animale ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,valeur énergétique ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,nutrition animale ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,porc - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2015
15. Comparative interests and limits of metabolizable energy and net energy for evaluating poultry and pig feeds
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Noblet, Jean, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and World's Poultry Science Association (WPSA). INT.
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volaille ,énergie métabolisable ,énergie nette ,alimentation animale ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,nutrition animale ,animal monogastrique ,porc - Abstract
International audience; The evaluation of the energy content of pig or poultry feeds has been most commonly based on their DE or ME contents. However, the closest estimate of the "true" energy value of a feed should be its NE content, which takes into account differences in metabolic utilization of ME of nutrients. This review considers some methodological aspects of NE determination. Experimental data in pigs indicate that the NE/ME ratio varies greatly with the chemical composition of diets and nutrient, with ratios for fat (90%) and starch (80%) that are higher than for protein and die-tary fibre (60%). This has marked consequences on the relative energy values of ingredients according to the en-ergy system that is used. The NE system is also better in predicting the performance of pigs. With regard to poultry, the ranking between nutrients for NE/ME is similar to what is observed in pigs but with smaller differences between nutrients. However, complementary data are required to propose a convincing and functional NE system for poultry. In any case, the accuracy of the NE value is highly dependent on the accuracy of DE or ME values or digestible nutrient contents that are used as predictors of NE values. Overall, there is an obvious advantage in using NE sys-tems for pigs while further investigations are required for implementing a reliable NE system for poultry.
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- 2015
16. Postprandial nutrient metabolism in lipopolysaccharide-challenged growing pigs reared at thermoneutrality or acclimated to high ambient temperature
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Le Floc'h, Nathalie, Campos, Paulo, Merlot, Elodie, Renaudeau, David, Noblet, Jean, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), crédit incitatif PHASE, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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température elevee ,santé animale ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,adaptation animale ,thermoneutralite ,acclimatation ,stress inflammatoire ,porc ,métabolisme postprandial - Abstract
absent
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- 2015
17. Foreword of Indirect calorimetry
- Author
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Noblet, Jean, Verstegen, Martin, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Animal nutrition group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
indirect calorimetry ,calorimétrie ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,thermogénèse ,temperature ,calorimeter design ,thermogenesis ,heat production ,production de dioxyde de carbone ,métabolisme ,consommation d'oxygène ,oxigen consumption ,carbon dioxide production - Abstract
Foreword of Indirect calorimetry
- Published
- 2015
18. Foreword
- Author
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Noblet, Jean and Verstegen, Martin
- Subjects
Animal Nutrition ,Life Science ,Diervoeding - Published
- 2015
19. Modelling nutrient utilization in sows: a way towards the optimization of nutritional supplies
- Author
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Dourmad, Jean-Yves, Van Milgen, Jacob, Valancogne, Alain, Dubois, Serge, Brossard, Ludovic, NOBLET, Jean, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), N.K. Sakomura, R.M. Gous, I. Kyriazakis, L. Hauschild, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
- Subjects
health care facilities, manpower, and services ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,education ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,humanities ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
International Symposium on Modelling in Pig and Poultry Production 2013; absent
- Published
- 2015
20. Postprandial insulin and nutrient concentrations in lipopolysaccharide-challenged growing pigs reared in thermoneutral and high ambient temperatures.
- Author
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Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado, Merlot, Elodie, Renaudeau, David, Noblet, Jean, and Floc'h, Nathalie Le
- Subjects
INSULIN ,THREONINE ,GLYCEMIC index ,HIGH temperatures ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,CATECHOL-O-methyltransferase ,TEMPERATURE effect ,BLOOD sampling - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associated effects of ambient temperature and inflammation caused by repeated administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on insulin, energy, and AA metabolism. Twenty-eight pigs were assigned to one of the two thermal conditions: thermoneutral (24 °C) or high ambient temperature (30 °C). The experimental period lasted 17 d, which was divided into a 7-d period without LPS (days −7 to −1), and a subsequent 10-d LPS period (days 1 to 10) in which pigs were administered 5 repeated injections of LPS at 2-d intervals. Postprandial profiles of plasma insulin and nutrients were evaluated through serial blood samples taken on days −4 (P0), 4 (P1), and 8 (P2). Before the LPS-challenge (P0), postprandial concentrations of glucose, lactate, Gln, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, and Val were greater in pigs kept at 24 °C than at 30 °C (P < 0.05). In contrast, Arg, Asp, Gly, His, and Met postprandial concentrations at P0 were lower at 24 °C than at 30 °C (P < 0.05). At both 24 and 30 °C conditions, pigs had greater postprandial concentrations of insulin (P < 0.01) and lower concentrations of NEFA (P < 0.01) and α-amino nitrogen (P < 0.05) at P1 and P2 than at P0. Compared with P0, postprandial concentrations of glucose were greater (P < 0.05) at P1 in pigs kept at 24 °C, and at P1 and P2 in pigs kept at 30 °C. At both ambient temperatures, pigs had lower (P < 0.05) postprandial concentrations of Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, and Val at P1 and P2 than at P0. Arginine postprandial concentration at P1 was lower than at P0 in pigs kept at 24 °C (P < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed in pigs at 30 °C. Relative to P0, Gln and Tyr concentrations were lower at P1 and P2 in pigs kept at 24 °C (P < 0.01), whereas lower Gln concentration was observed only at P2 (P < 0.01) and lower Tyr only at P1 (P < 0.01) in pigs kept at 30 °C. Our study shows a hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic state in LPS-challenged pigs and a greater magnitude of this response in pigs kept at 30 °C. Furthermore, LPS caused important changes in BCAA, His, Thr, and Trp profiles, suggesting the role these AA in supporting the inflammatory response. Finally, our results suggest that LPS-induced effects on postprandial profiles of specific AA (Arg, Gln, Phe, and Tyr) may be modulated by ambient temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Net energy content of rice bran, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, peanut meal, and sunflower meal in growing pigs.
- Author
-
Yakui Li, Zhongchao Li, Hu Liu, Noblet, Jean, Ling Liu, Defa Li, Fenglai Wang, and Changhua Lai
- Subjects
RICE bran ,PEANUTS ,CORN ,SWINE nutrition ,HEAT production (Biology) ,CALORIMETRY - Abstract
Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) content of full-fat rice bran (FFRB), corn germ meal (CGM), corn gluten feed (CGF), solvent-extracted peanut meal (PNM), and dehulled sunflower meal (SFM) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry or published prediction equations. Methods: Twelve growing barrows with an average initial body weight (BW) of 32.4±3.3 kg were allotted to a replicated 3×6 Youden square design with 3 successive periods and 6 diets. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 d, which included 7 days for adaptation. On d 8, the pigs were transferred to the respiration chambers and fed one of the 6 diets at 2.0 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW
0.6 /d. Total feces and urine were collected and daily heat production was measured from d 9 to d 13. On d 14 and d15, pigs were fed at their maintenance energy requirement level. On the last day pigs were fasted and fasting heat production was measured. Results: The NE of FFRB, CGM, CGF, PNM, and SFM measured by indirect calorimetry method was 12.33, 8.75, 7.51, 10.79, and 6.49 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. The NE/ME ratios ranged from 67.2% (SFM) to 78.5% (CGF). The NE values for the 5 ingredients calculated according to the prediction equations were 12.22, 8.55, 6.79, 10.51, and 6.17 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Conclusion: The NE values were the highest for FFRB and PNM and the lowest in the corn co-products and SFM. The average NE of the 5 ingredients measured by indirect calorimetry method in the current study was greater than values predicted from NE prediction equations (0.32 MJ/kg DM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Absorptive Capacity: A Proposed Operationalization.
- Author
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Noblet, Jean-Pierre, Simon, Eric, and Parent, Robert
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Metabolizable energy of corn, soybean meal and wheat for laying hens.
- Author
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Barzegar, Shahram, Wu, Shu-Biao, Noblet, Jean, and Swick, Robert A
- Subjects
- *
HENS , *SOYBEAN meal , *METABOLIZABLE energy values , *BIRDCAGES , *AMINO acids - Abstract
Feed formulation using apparent metabolizable energy (AME) corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) is widely used by poultry nutritionists. Most available tabulated data are from experiments using adult cockerels or growing broilers. Specific values are rarely available for laying hens. A study was conducted to evaluate AME, AMEn, and AMEs (AME adjusted to 50% nitrogen retention) of corn, soybean meal (SBM) and wheat in laying hens using the reference diet substitution and regression methods. Forty eight 42-wk-old Hy-Line Brown hens were used, 2 birds per cage with six replicates per diet. Test diets contained 30% test ingredient (as is basis) and 65.7% reference diet (as is basis) with limestone, other minerals, vitamins, and amino acids held constant across the reference and test diets. Using the reference diet substitution method, AME values obtained for corn, SBM, and wheat were 3,791, 2,621, and 3,565 kcal/kg (DM), respectively. The corresponding AMEn values were 3,722, 2,496, and 3,479 kcal/kg (DM), and AMEs were 3,784, 2,835, and 3,562 kcal/kg (DM), respectively. Calculation of AME, AMEn, and AMEs of ingredients using regression based on the inclusion rate (DM) of dietary ingredients and reference diet gave identical values to those obtained by the reference diet substitution method. In addition, the measured AMEn values of ingredients using laying hens in this study were close to those calculated from proximate composition using the European Union prediction equation based on adult cockerels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Corrigendum to "Net energy prediction and energy efficiency of feed for broiler chickens".
- Author
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Wu, Shu-Biao, Swick, Robert A, Noblet, Jean, Rodgers, Nicholas, Cadogan, David, and Choct, Mingan
- Subjects
- *
BROILER chickens , *CALORIC content of foods , *ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
A correction is presented to the article "Net energy prediction and energy efficiency of feed for broiler chickens" which appeared in a previous issue.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Postprandial insulin and nutrient concentrations in lipopolysaccharide-challenged growing pigs reared in thermoneutral and high ambient temperatures.
- Author
-
Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado, Merlot, Elodie, Renaudeau, David, Noblet, Jean, and Floc'h, Nathalie Le
- Subjects
- *
INSULIN , *THREONINE , *GLYCEMIC index , *HIGH temperatures , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *CATECHOL-O-methyltransferase , *TEMPERATURE effect , *BLOOD sampling - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associated effects of ambient temperature and inflammation caused by repeated administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on insulin, energy, and AA metabolism. Twenty-eight pigs were assigned to one of the two thermal conditions: thermoneutral (24 °C) or high ambient temperature (30 °C). The experimental period lasted 17 d, which was divided into a 7-d period without LPS (days −7 to −1), and a subsequent 10-d LPS period (days 1 to 10) in which pigs were administered 5 repeated injections of LPS at 2-d intervals. Postprandial profiles of plasma insulin and nutrients were evaluated through serial blood samples taken on days −4 (P0), 4 (P1), and 8 (P2). Before the LPS-challenge (P0), postprandial concentrations of glucose, lactate, Gln, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, and Val were greater in pigs kept at 24 °C than at 30 °C (P < 0.05). In contrast, Arg, Asp, Gly, His, and Met postprandial concentrations at P0 were lower at 24 °C than at 30 °C (P < 0.05). At both 24 and 30 °C conditions, pigs had greater postprandial concentrations of insulin (P < 0.01) and lower concentrations of NEFA (P < 0.01) and α-amino nitrogen (P < 0.05) at P1 and P2 than at P0. Compared with P0, postprandial concentrations of glucose were greater (P < 0.05) at P1 in pigs kept at 24 °C, and at P1 and P2 in pigs kept at 30 °C. At both ambient temperatures, pigs had lower (P < 0.05) postprandial concentrations of Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, and Val at P1 and P2 than at P0. Arginine postprandial concentration at P1 was lower than at P0 in pigs kept at 24 °C (P < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed in pigs at 30 °C. Relative to P0, Gln and Tyr concentrations were lower at P1 and P2 in pigs kept at 24 °C (P < 0.01), whereas lower Gln concentration was observed only at P2 (P < 0.01) and lower Tyr only at P1 (P < 0.01) in pigs kept at 30 °C. Our study shows a hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic state in LPS-challenged pigs and a greater magnitude of this response in pigs kept at 30 °C. Furthermore, LPS caused important changes in BCAA, His, Thr, and Trp profiles, suggesting the role these AA in supporting the inflammatory response. Finally, our results suggest that LPS-induced effects on postprandial profiles of specific AA (Arg, Gln, Phe, and Tyr) may be modulated by ambient temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Net energy prediction and energy efficiency of feed for broiler chickens.
- Author
-
Wu, Shu-Biao, Swick, Robert A, Rodgers, Nicholas, Choct, Mingan, Noblet, Jean, and Cadogan, David
- Subjects
- *
CONSUMPTION (Economics) , *CHICKENS , *PROTEINS , *SWINE , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Global consumption of chicken meat has increased at a faster rate than any other animal protein source, and thus refinements in energy formulation techniques for feed have continued to gain importance. Formulation of animal feed based on net energy (NE) has been implemented in ruminants and pigs but not in poultry. A closed-circuit respiratory calorimetry system was employed on 25- to 28-day-old broilers fed 19 diets formulated with varying nutrient composition to produce equations to predict NE and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) efficiency of feed for broiler chickens. Performance, energy and N balance, respiratory quotient, and energy utilization were measured in the birds. Linear regression analysis was performed to generate prediction equations for dietary energy content and AME efficiency. The NE content was positively related to AME and ether extract, but negatively to crude protein. The study generated equations that can accurately predict NE, and NE/AME using AME value and chemical composition of feeds. The NE prediction equations were further validated on a separate set of diets with high correlation (r = 0.99) and accuracy. The outcomes are an important step for the broiler industry to adapt to an NE system in place of AME systems for the formulation of broiler chicken feeds following robust validation experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Prediction of net energy of feeds for broiler chickens.
- Author
-
Tay-Zar AC, Wongphatcharachai M, Srichana P, Geraert PA, and Noblet J
- Abstract
Net energy (NE) enables the prediction of more accurate feed energy values by taking into account the heat increment which is approximately 25% of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) in poultry. Nevertheless, application of NE in poultry industry has not been practiced widely. To predict the NE values of broiler diets, 23 diets were prepared by using 13 major ingredients (wheat, corn, paddy rice, broken rice, cassava pellets, full-fat soybean, soybean meal, canola meal, animal protein, rice bran, wheat bran, palm kernel meal and palm kernel oil). The diets were formulated in order to meet the birds' requirements and get a wide range of chemical compositions (on DM basis; 33.6% to 55.3% for starch; 20.8% to 28.4% for CP, 2.7% to 10.6% for ether extract [EE] and 7.0% to 17.2% for NDF), with low correlations between these nutrients and low correlations between the inclusion levels of ingredients allowing for the calculation of robust prediction equations of energy values of diets or ingredients. These diets were fed to Ross 308 broilers raised in 12 open-circuit respiratory chambers from 18 to 23 d of age (4 birds per cage) and growth performance, diet AME content and heat production were measured, and dietary NE values were calculated. The trial was conducted on a weekly basis with 12 diets measured each week (1 per chamber), 1 of the 23 diets (reference diet) being measured each week. Each diet was tested at least 8 times. In total, 235 energy balance data values were available for the final calculations. Growth performance, AME (15.3 MJ/kg DM on average) and AME/GE (79.4% on average) values were as expected. The NE/AME value averaged 76.6% and was negatively influenced by CP and NDF and positively by EE in connection with efficiencies of AME provided by CP, EE and starch for NE of 73%, 87% and 81%, respectively. The best prediction equation was: NE = (0.815 × AME) - (0.026 × CP) + (0.020 × EE) - (0.024 × NDF) with NE and AME as MJ/kg DM, and CP, EE and NDF as % of DM. The NE prediction equations from this study agree with other recently reported equations in poultry and are suitable for both ingredients and complete feeds., (© 2024 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Re-evaluation of recent research on metabolic utilization of energy in poultry: Recommendations for a net energy system for broilers.
- Author
-
Noblet J, Tay-Zar AC, Wu SB, Srichana P, Cozannet P, Geraert PA, and Choct M
- Abstract
Different energy systems have been proposed for energy evaluation of feeds for domestic animals. The oldest and most commonly used systems take into account the fecal energy loss to obtain digestible energy (DE), and fecal, urinary and fermentation gases energy losses to calculate metabolizable energy (ME). In the case of ruminants and pigs, the net energy (NE) system, which takes into account the heat increment associated with the metabolic utilization of ME, has progressively replaced the DE and ME systems over the last 50 years. For poultry, apparent ME (AME) is used exclusively and NE is not yet used widely. The present paper considers some important methodological points for measuring NE in poultry feeds and summarizes the available knowledge on NE systems for poultry. NE prediction equations based on a common analysis of three recent studies representing a total of 50 complete and balanced diets fed to broilers are proposed; these equations including the AME content and easily available chemical indicators have been validated on another set of 30 diets. The equations are applicable to both ingredients and complete diets. They rely primarily on an accurate and reliable AME value which then represents the first limiting predictor of NE value. Our analysis indicates that NE would be a better predictor of broiler performance than AME and that the hierarchy between feeds is dependent on the energy system with a higher energy value for fat and a lower energy value for protein in an NE system. Practical considerations for implementing such an NE system from the commonly used AME or AME
n (AME adjusted for zero nitrogen balance) systems are presented. In conclusion, there is sufficient information to allow the implementation of the NE concept in order to improve the accuracy of feed formulation in poultry., (© 2024 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Corrigendum to "Methodologies for energy evaluation of pig and poultry feeds: A review" [Animal Nutrition volume 8 (2022), 185-203].
- Author
-
Noblet J, Wu SB, and Choct M
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.015.]., (© 2022 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Methodologies for energy evaluation of pig and poultry feeds: A review.
- Author
-
Noblet J, Wu SB, and Choct M
- Abstract
The cost of feed represents an important part of the total cost in swine and poultry production (>60%) with energy accounting for at least 70% of feed cost. The energy value of ingredients or compound feeds can be estimated as digestible (DE), metabolisable (ME) and net energy (NE) in pigs and ME and NE in poultry. The current paper reviews the different methods for evaluating DE, ME and NE of feeds for monogastric animals and their difficulties and limits, with a focus on NE. In pigs and poultry, energy digestibility depends on the chemical characteristics of the feed, but also on technology (pelleting, for instance) and animal factors such as their health and body weight. The ME value includes the energy losses in urine that are directly dependent on the proportion of dietary N excreted in urine resulting in the concept of ME adjusted for a zero N balance (MEn) in poultry. For poultry, the concept of true ME (TME, TMEn), which excludes the endogenous fecal and urinary energy losses from the excreta energy, was also developed. The measurement of dietary NE is more complex, and NE values of a given feed depend on the animal and environmental factors and also measurement and calculation methods. The combination of NE values of diets obtained under standardised conditions allows calculating NE prediction equations that are applicable to both ingredients and compound feeds. The abundance of energy concepts, especially for poultry, and the numerous feed and animal factors of variation related to energy digestibility or ME utilisation for NE suggest that attention must be paid to the experimental conditions for evaluating DE, ME or NE content. This also suggests the necessity of standardisations, one of them being, as implemented in pigs, an adjustment of ME values in poultry for an N retention representative of modern production conditions (MEs). In conclusion, this review illustrates that, in addition to numerous technical difficulties for evaluating energy in pigs and poultry, the absolute energy values depend on feed and animal factors, the environment, and the methods and concepts. Finally, as implemented in pigs, the use of NE values should be the objective of a more reliable energy system for poultry feeds., Competing Interests: We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, and there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the content of this paper., (© 2021 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Postprandial insulin and nutrient concentrations in lipopolysaccharide-challenged growing pigs reared in thermoneutral and high ambient temperatures1.
- Author
-
Campos PHRF, Merlot E, Renaudeau D, Noblet J, and Le Floc'h N
- Subjects
- Animals, Escherichia coli chemistry, Heat-Shock Response, Hot Temperature, Inflammation veterinary, Lipopolysaccharides administration & dosage, Nitrogen blood, Postprandial Period, Stress, Physiological, Swine blood, Amino Acids blood, Energy Metabolism, Insulin blood, Nutrients blood, Swine physiology
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associated effects of ambient temperature and inflammation caused by repeated administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on insulin, energy, and AA metabolism. Twenty-eight pigs were assigned to one of the two thermal conditions: thermoneutral (24 °C) or high ambient temperature (30 °C). The experimental period lasted 17 d, which was divided into a 7-d period without LPS (days -7 to -1), and a subsequent 10-d LPS period (days 1 to 10) in which pigs were administered 5 repeated injections of LPS at 2-d intervals. Postprandial profiles of plasma insulin and nutrients were evaluated through serial blood samples taken on days -4 (P0), 4 (P1), and 8 (P2). Before the LPS-challenge (P0), postprandial concentrations of glucose, lactate, Gln, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, and Val were greater in pigs kept at 24 °C than at 30 °C (P < 0.05). In contrast, Arg, Asp, Gly, His, and Met postprandial concentrations at P0 were lower at 24 °C than at 30 °C (P < 0.05). At both 24 and 30 °C conditions, pigs had greater postprandial concentrations of insulin (P < 0.01) and lower concentrations of NEFA (P < 0.01) and α-amino nitrogen (P < 0.05) at P1 and P2 than at P0. Compared with P0, postprandial concentrations of glucose were greater (P < 0.05) at P1 in pigs kept at 24 °C, and at P1 and P2 in pigs kept at 30 °C. At both ambient temperatures, pigs had lower (P < 0.05) postprandial concentrations of Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, and Val at P1 and P2 than at P0. Arginine postprandial concentration at P1 was lower than at P0 in pigs kept at 24 °C (P < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed in pigs at 30 °C. Relative to P0, Gln and Tyr concentrations were lower at P1 and P2 in pigs kept at 24 °C (P < 0.01), whereas lower Gln concentration was observed only at P2 (P < 0.01) and lower Tyr only at P1 (P < 0.01) in pigs kept at 30 °C. Our study shows a hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic state in LPS-challenged pigs and a greater magnitude of this response in pigs kept at 30 °C. Furthermore, LPS caused important changes in BCAA, His, Thr, and Trp profiles, suggesting the role these AA in supporting the inflammatory response. Finally, our results suggest that LPS-induced effects on postprandial profiles of specific AA (Arg, Gln, Phe, and Tyr) may be modulated by ambient temperature., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Net energy content of rice bran, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, peanut meal, and sunflower meal in growing pigs.
- Author
-
Li Y, Li Z, Liu H, Noblet J, Liu L, Li D, Wang F, and Lai C
- Abstract
Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) content of full-fat rice bran (FFRB), corn germ meal (CGM), corn gluten feed (CGF), solvent-extracted peanut meal (PNM), and dehulled sunflower meal (SFM) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry or published prediction equations., Methods: Twelve growing barrows with an average initial body weight (BW) of 32.4±3.3 kg were allotted to a replicated 3×6 Youden square design with 3 successive periods and 6 diets. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 d, which included 7 days for adaptation. On d 8, the pigs were transferred to the respiration chambers and fed one of the 6 diets at 2.0 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW0.6/d. Total feces and urine were collected and daily heat production was measured from d 9 to d 13. On d 14 and d15, pigs were fed at their maintenance energy requirement level. On the last day pigs were fasted and fasting heat production was measured., Results: The NE of FFRB, CGM, CGF, PNM, and SFM measured by indirect calorimetry method was 12.33, 8.75, 7.51, 10.79, and 6.49 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. The NE/ME ratios ranged from 67.2% (SFM) to 78.5% (CGF). The NE values for the 5 ingredients calculated according to the prediction equations were 12.22, 8.55, 6.79, 10.51, and 6.17 MJ/kg DM, respectively., Conclusion: The NE values were the highest for FFRB and PNM and the lowest in the corn co-products and SFM. The average NE of the 5 ingredients measured by indirect calorimetry method in the current study was greater than values predicted from NE prediction equations (0.32 MJ/kg DM).
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Net energy of corn, soybean meal and rapeseed meal in growing pigs.
- Author
-
Li Z, Li Y, Lv Z, Liu H, Zhao J, Noblet J, Wang F, Lai C, and Li D
- Abstract
Background: Two experiments were conducted to estimate the net energy (NE) of corn, soybean meal, expeller-pressed rapeseed meal (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) using indirect calorimetry and to validate the NE of these four ingredients using pig growth performance., Methods: In Exp.1, 24 barrows (initial BW = 36.4 ± 1.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets which included a corn basal diet, a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two rapeseed meal diets containing 20% EP-RSM (9.5% ether extract) or SE-RSM (1.1% ether extract) substituted for corn and soybean meal. The design allowed the calculation of NE values of corn, soybean meal and rapeseed meals according to the difference method. In Exp.2, 175 growing pigs (initial BW = 36.0 ± 5.2 kg) were fed 1 of 5 diets for 28 d, with five pigs per pen and seven replications (pens) per treatment in order to validate the measured energy values. Diets were a corn-soybean meal diet and four diets including 10% or 20% EP-RSM and 10% or 20% SE-RSM., Results: The NE of corn, soybean meal, EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 12.46, 11.34, 11.71 and 8.83 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE to ME ratio of corn (78%) was similar to tabular values, however, the NE to ME ratios of soybean meal (70%) and rapeseed meal (76%) were greater than tabular values. The greater NE value in EP-RSM than in SE-RSM is consistent with its higher EE content. Increasing EP-RSM or SE-RSM did not affect the growth performance of pigs and the caloric efficiency of NE was comparable for all diets., Conclusions: The NE of EP-RSM was similar to soybean meal, and both were greater than SE-RSM. The DE, ME and NE values measured in Exp.1 are confirmed by results of Exp. 2 with comparable caloric efficiencies of DE, ME or NE for all diets.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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