24 results on '"Juran, Luke"'
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2. How do women maximize the value of mentorship? Insights from mentees, mentors, and industry professionals
- Author
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Read, Dustin C., Fisher, Patti J., and Juran, Luke
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- 2020
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3. ‘Spaces of Exclusion’ in community water governance: A Feminist Political Ecology of gender and participation in Malawi’s Urban Water User Associations
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Adams, Ellis Adjei, Juran, Luke, and Ajibade, Idowu
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- 2018
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4. Purity, Pollution, and Space: Barriers to Latrine Adoption in Post-disaster India
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Juran, Luke, Adams, Ellis A., and Prajapati, Shaifali
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- 2019
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5. An Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Nepal Using a Modified Social Vulnerability Index
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Aksha, Sanam K., Juran, Luke, Resler, Lynn M., and Zhang, Yang
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- 2019
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6. Local perceptions of measures to control "Aedes" mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Puntarenas and San José, Costa Rica
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Bandzuh, John T., Juran, Luke, Kolivras, Korine N., and Wallis, Anne B.
- Published
- 2017
7. Waterscapes in transition: changing uses and perceptions of water in middle class homes in Kolkata, India
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Juran, Luke and Lahiri-Dutt, Kuntala
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- 2017
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8. WOMEN, GENDER NORMS, AND NATURAL DISASTERS IN BANGLADESH
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JURAN, LUKE and TRIVEDI, JENNIFER
- Published
- 2015
9. Assessing Strontium and Vulnerability to Strontium in Private Drinking Water Systems in Virginia
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Scott, Veronica, Juran, Luke, Ling, Erin, Benham, Brian L., Spiller, Asa, Biological Systems Engineering, Geography, and Virginia Water Resources Research Center
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inorganic chemicals ,musculoskeletal diseases ,drinking water quality ,private drinking water ,wells ,Virginia ,strontium - Abstract
A total of 1.7 million Virginians rely on private drinking water (PDW) systems and 1.3 million of those people do not know their water quality. Because most Virginians who use PDW do not know the quality of that water and since strontium poses a public health risk, this study investigates sources of strontium in PDW in Virginia and identifies the areas and populations most vulnerable. Physical factors such as rock type, rock age, and fertilizer use have been linked to elevated strontium concentrations in drinking water. Social factors such as poverty, poor diet, and adolescence also increase social vulnerability to health impacts of strontium. Using water quality data from the Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) and statistical and spatial analyses, physical vulnerability was found to be highest in the Ridge and Valley province of Virginia where agricultural land use and geologic formations with high strontium concentrations (e.g., limestone, dolomite, sandstone, shale) are the dominant aquifer rocks. In terms of social vulnerability, households with high levels of strontium are more likely than the average VAHWQP participant to live in a food desert. This study provides information to help 1.7 million residents of Virginia, as well as populations in neighboring states, understand their risk of exposure to strontium in PDW. Published version
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- 2020
10. Rural livelihoods strategies and globalized markets: An analysis of women’s participation among Quinua producers in the Southern Bolivian Highlands
- Author
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Jimenez, Elizabeth, Juran, Luke, Center for International Research, Education, and Development (CIRED), and Outreach and International Affairs (OIA)
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Access: Markets, & the Gendering of Environmental Systems - an interactive panel Moderator: Dr. Ralph Hall, Associate Professor, Urban Affairs and Planning (UAP) program and Director of the Undergraduate Program, School of Public and International Affairs (SPIA), Virginia Tech Rural livelihoods strategies & globalized markets: An analysis of women’s participation among Quinoa producers in the Southern Bolivian Highlands - Dr. Elizabeth Jimenez, Development Economist, Professor, CIDES UMSA, The Graduate School, Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia Human-environment genderscapes in South Asia: Suffering for water, suffering from disasters - Dr. Luke Juran, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Assistant Professor, Virginia Water Resources Research Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech
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- 2019
11. A statistical and spatial analysis of water poverty using a modified Water Poverty Index.
- Author
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Prince, Breeanna C., Juran, Luke, Sridhar, Venkataramana, Bukvic, Anamaria, and MacDonald, Morgan C.
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POLYWATER , *WATER analysis , *WATER use , *WATER management , *STATISTICS - Abstract
This study advances methods of measuring access to water by providing a framework that can be operationalized by practitioners to inform decision and policy making. A modified WPI was developed and deployed in India, with results indicating significant differences between WPI and many indicator scores both between and within administrative territories. Spatial analyses identified significant clustering of WPI and indicator scores, indicating that scores are not randomly distributed. Three weight schemes were applied, two of which were informed by local stakeholders. The weight schemes highlighted the subjectivity of weighting and importance of including local populations in water development and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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12. A geospatial analysis of multi-hazard risk in Dharan, Nepal.
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Aksha, Sanam K., Resler, Lynn M., Juran, Luke, and Carstensen, Laurence W.
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EARTHQUAKES ,HAZARD mitigation ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,LANDSLIDES - Abstract
Natural hazard risk assessment generally focuses on a single hazard type, such as earthquakes, landslides, or floods. This emphasis tends to consider physical processes in isolation. However, most locations are simultaneously at risk to multiple, interacting hazards that generate cascading effects or synergies. Although scholars have proposed a multi-hazard risk framework based on probabilities, the quality and quantity of data required for such an approach are often unavailable in developing countries. Using geospatial and socioeconomic data, this study represents a first step in assessing multi-hazard risk in the city of Dharan, Nepal. Three hazards—landslides, floods, and earthquakes—were considered for an integrated hazard assessment using statistical methods and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). We employed a Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) to create a vulnerability map of the study area, which was then combined with a multi-hazard hazard map to produce a total risk map. Our results indicate that eastern Dharan along the Seuti River and southwestern Dharan on the left bank of the Sardu River are at high risk to multiple hazards. Central Dharan and the hills in the western portion of the city are categorized as low risk areas. Data limitations, such as availability and spatial resolution, did not allow for dynamic modeling; however, our results identified the spatial extent of low to high risk areas, which can inform future disaster planning. For example, the methodology and results of this study could assist in the development of disaster risk reduction programs and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. Stresses and Instability in Coastal Systems: Sustaining Prosperity, Increasing Diversity and Achieving Resilience
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Weiss, Robert, Bukvic, Anamaria, Dayer, Ashley A., Fraser, James D., Karpanty, Sarah M., Catlin, Daniel H., Juran, Luke, Wynne, Randolph H., Gohlke, Julia M., Boyle, Kevin J., Irish, Jennifer L., Leon, Roberto, Zobel, Christopher W., Rees, Loren P., Zhang, Yang, Schenk, Todd, Dixit, Priya, and Civil and Environmental Engineering
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More than half of the world’s human population lives within 40 miles of the sea. Coastal cities are the backbone of global finance, trade, manufacturing, and transportation. Millions of people worldwide travel to beaches for recreation. Coastal fisheries and aquaculture are key sources of food, and the chief source of protein in most developing countries. The coast is home to a diverse range of plants and animals, some commercially valuable, some threatened or endangered, and all part of unique ecosystems. Coastal livelihoods, tourism, fish and wildlife species, and ecosystem services are threatened by climate change and its associated impact on coastal hazards. Flooding and coastal disasters from New York to Kolkata have killed thousands of people and cost trillions of dollars. By 2100 more than 100 million people could be displaced by sea-level change, 13 million in the U.S. alone. The stability of the global economy is threatened by sea-level change...
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- 2017
14. Women, Gender Norms, and Natural Disasters: Examples from South Asia
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Juran, Luke, McVoy, Elizabeth, Virginia Tech. University Libraries, Geography, and Women and Gender in International Development of the Office of International Research, Education, and Development (OIRED)
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ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Women and gender ,Gender politics, global issues ,Tsunami damage ,International development ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Natural disasters ,Indian women and tsunamis ,Gender and disaster ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Women and men are impacted differently by disasters, leading to claims that there exists a "gendered terrain of disasters." South Asia is a region where this confluence of gender and disaster is particularly relevant. Thus, data from South Asia will be presented to demonstrate that women are more vulnerable than men before, during, and after disasters. Ultimately, the biological variable of being female (sex) fails to fully account for gaps in morbidity and mortality; rather socially constructed variables (gender) are responsible for such disparities in South Asia and across space. The presenter is Dr. Luke Juran, Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography and the Virginia Tech Water Resources Research Center. This event is part of the Women and Gender in International Development (WGD) discussion series. This program gives students and professionals an opportunity to share their research and discuss issues of Women and Gender in International Development. Students, faculty, staff, and members of the community are encouraged to attend the discussions and bring their ideas and questions. Virginia Tech. University Libraries Virginia Tech. Office of International Research, Education, and Development This event was held in the Multipurpose Room of Virginia Tech's Newman Library from 12:30pm to 1:30pm on Thursday, October 15, 2015. Video editing by Elizabeth McVoy
- Published
- 2015
15. Perceptions of Water Services and Innovations to Improve Water Services in Tanzania.
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Sherry, Julia, Juran, Luke, Kolivras, Korine N., Krometis, Leigh-Anne H., and Ling, Erin J.
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WATER meters ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,GOVERNMENT accountability ,SOLAR power plants - Abstract
This study examines user perceptions of existing water services and proposed prepaid water meter and solar power innovations to improve water services in Tanzania. Based on 14 key informant interviews and six focus group discussions that included 61 participants, data from three rural and three urban study sites reveal that existing water services are generally perceived as poor, and the proposed prepayment and solar innovations offer benefits including increased transparency, accountability, and convenience. However, users also perceived challenges with the proposed innovations, including disenfranchisement of vulnerable populations and technical difficulties. The Government of Tanzania may implement the prepaid water meter and solar power technologies in the near future. Thus, it is critical to incorporate user perceptions on the acceptability, feasibility, and scalability of such technologies prior to large-scale implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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16. Assessing Participant Compliance With Point-of-Use Water Treatment: An Exploratory Investigation.
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MacDonald, Morgan Callender, Juran, Luke, Srinivasan, Sekar, Jose, Jincy, Ali, Syed Imran, Rajagopalan, Prema, and Hall, Kevin
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Field studies on household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) suggest that positive health outcomes are strongly linked to user compliance. We investigated factors that influenced compliance in a marginalized community of South India where residents worked with researchers to develop a water treatment intervention in absence of government water utilities. Survey and water quality data were collected during a 12-month randomized controlled trial of 124 households. Data were used to construct indices for social, technical, and institutional predictors of compliance including technological effectiveness, gender, community capacity, perceived benefit, and inherent demand. Perceived benefit was the only parameter to be significantly associated with compliance. Households in which participants had “very high” levels of perceived benefit were over 4 times more likely to comply with instructions on water treatment and maintenance with the HWTS. These findings suggest that compliance, and therefore disease prevention, can be improved by enhancing perceived benefit to the user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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17. Development and application of a multi-scalar, participant-driven water poverty index in post-tsunami India.
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Juran, Luke, Macdonald, Morgan C., Basu, Nandita B., Hubbard, Shane, Rajagopal, Raj, Rajagopalan, Prema, and Philip, Ligy
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TSUNAMI damage , *METROPOLITAN areas , *WATER shortages - Abstract
This article presents a modified water poverty index that captures several waterscape attributes to better understand complex issues surrounding water. Household surveys (n= 300), water quality tests (n= 375) and qualitative methods were deployed to examine 14 post-tsunami settlements in Nagapattinam and Karaikal Districts (India) through the lens of water. Data were used to develop a contextualized, participant-driven water poverty index to measure water poverty at several scales. Statistical tests revealed significant differences between the two districts (p≤ .0001) and between rural and urban areas within each district (p≤ .0001). Three weight schemes (one dictated entirely by research participants) produced analogous outcomes though predicated on different indicator arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
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18. The impact of rainfall and seasonal variability on the removal of bacteria by a point-of-use drinking water treatment intervention in Chennai, India.
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MacDonald, Morgan C., Juran, Luke, Jose, Jincy, Srinivasan, Sekar, Ali, Syed I., Aronson, Kristan J., and Hall, Kevin
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STERILIZATION equipment , *RAINFALL , *ANALYSIS of variance , *CHLORINE , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *SEASONS , *TIME , *AQUATIC microbiology , *WATER supply - Abstract
Point-of-use water treatment has received widespread application in the developing world to help mitigate waterborne infectious disease. This study examines the efficacy of a combined filter and chemical disinfection technology in removing bacterial contaminants, and more specifically changes in its performance resulting from seasonal weather variability. During a 12-month field trial in Chennai, India, mean log-reductions were 1.51 forE. coliand 1.67 for total coliforms, and the highest concentration of indicator bacteria in treated water samples were found during the monsoon season. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the microbial load of indicator organisms (coliforms andE. coli) between seasons, storage time since treatment (TST), and samples with and without chlorine residuals. Findings indicate that the bacteriological quality of drinking water treated in the home is determined by a complex interaction of environmental and sociological conditions. Moreover, while the effect of disinfection was independent of season, the impact of storage TST on water quality was found to be seasonally dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
- Full Text
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19. A Framework for Integrating Water Projects in Disaster Reconstruction Processes in the International Context.
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Juran, Luke
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WATER supply research ,PUBLIC works ,DISASTERS ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,PUBLIC goods - Abstract
Water projects triggered by disaster reconstruction processes are inherently unique and warrant a specialized approach. Thus, the objective of this article is to guide reconstruction actors toward the establishment of more culturally and environmentally sensitive water arrangements by providing a framework of key points to consider. Water infrastructure introduced after disasters differs from “normal” water infrastructure in several distinct ways: nature and needs of the subjects, expectations of recovery and rehabilitation, scale, funding and organizational structure, resettlement, and temporal constraints. Acknowledging these differences, a framework is presented to more aptly manage water sector reconstruction. The framework—informed by fieldwork in post-tsunami South India, the literature, and gaps therein—seeks to minimize project failures that have surfaced across space, time, and disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
- Full Text
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20. An assessment of boiling as a method of household water treatment in South India.
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Juran, Luke and MacDonald, Morgan C.
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WATER boiling , *WATER quality , *HOUSEHOLDS , *BACTERIA - Abstract
This article scrutinizes the boiling of water in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, India. Boiling, as it is commonly practiced, improves water quality, but its full potential is not being realized. Thus, the objective is to refine the method in practice, promote acceptability, and foster the scalability of boiling and household water treatment (HWT) writ large. The study is based on bacteriological samples from 300 households and 80 public standposts, 14 focus group discussions (FGDs), and 74 household interviews. Collectively, the data fashion both an empirical and ethnographic understanding of boiling. The rate and efficacy of boiling, barriers to and caveats of its adoption, and recommendations for augmenting its practice are detailed. While boiling is scientifically proven to eliminate bacteria, data demonstrate that pragmatics inhibit their total destruction. Furthermore, data and the literature indicate that a range of cultural, economic, and ancillary health factors challenge the uptake of boiling. Fieldwork and resultant knowledge arrive at strategies for overcoming these impediments. The article concludes with recommendations for selecting, introducing, and scaling up HWT mechanisms. A place-based approach that can be sustained over the long-term is espoused, and prolonged exposure by the interveners coupled with meaningful participation of the target population is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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21. Integrating Climate Forecasts with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for High-Resolution Hydrologic Simulations and Forecasts in the Southeastern U.S.
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Sehgal, Vinit, Sridhar, Venkataramana, Juran, Luke, and Ogejo, Jactone Arogo
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This study provides high-resolution modeling of daily water budget components at Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC)-12 resolution for 50 watersheds of the South Atlantic Gulf (SAG) region in the southeastern U.S. (SEUS) by implementing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in the form of a near real-time, semi-automated framework. A near real-time hydrologic simulation framework is implemented with a lead time of nine months (March–December 2017) by integrating the calibrated SWAT model with National Centers for Environmental Prediction coupled forecast system model version 2 (CFSv2) weather data to forecast daily water balance components. The modeling exercise is conducted as a precursor for various future hydrologic studies (retrospective or forecasting) for the region by providing a calibrated hydrological dataset at high spatial (HUC-12) and temporal (1-day) resolution. The models are calibrated (January 2003–December 2010) and validated (January 2011–December 2013) for each watershed using the observed streamflow data from 50 United States Geological Survey (USGS) gauging stations. The water balance analysis for the region shows that the implemented models satisfactorily represent the hydrology of the region across different sub-regions (Appalachian highlands, plains, and coastal wetlands) and seasons. While CFSv2-driven SWAT models are able to provide reasonable performance in near real-time and can be used for decision making in the region, caution is advised for using model outputs as the streamflow forecasts display significant deviation from observed streamflow for all watersheds for lead times greater than a month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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22. Coastal Erosion Hazard in Bangladesh: Space-time pattern analysis and empirical forecasting, impacts on land use/cover, and human risk perception
- Author
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Islam, Md Sariful, Geography, Crawford, Thomas Wall, Shao, Yang, Juran, Luke, and Curtis, Walter Scott
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Bangladesh ,vulnerability ,Natural hazards ,Meghna river ,human displacement ,coastal communities ,coastal erosion - Abstract
Coastal areas are vulnerable to different natural hazards, including hurricanes, cyclones, tsunami, floods, coastal erosion, and saltwater intrusion. These hazards cause extensive social, ecological, economic, and human losses. Continued climate change and sea-level rise is expected to substantially impact the people living in coastal areas. Sea level rise poses serious threats for the people living in the coastal zone, which leads to coastal erosion, inundations in the low-lying areas, tidal water encroachment and subsequent salt-water intrusion, as well as the displacement of the people living along the coast. Coastal erosion is one of the biggest environmental threats in the coastal areas globally. In Bangladesh, coastal erosion is a regularly occurring and major destructive process, impacting both human and ecological systems at sea level. The Lower Meghna estuary, located in southern Bangladesh, is among the most vulnerable landscapes in the world to the impacts of coastal erosion. Erosion causes population displacement, loss of productive land area, loss of infrastructure and communication systems, and, most importantly, household livelihoods. For a lower middle-class country, such as Bangladesh, with limited internal resources, it is hard to cope with catastrophic natural hazards, such as coastal erosion and its related consequences. This research aims to advance the scientific understanding of past and future coastal erosion risk and associated changes in land change and land cover using geospatial analysis techniques. It also aims to understand the patterns and drivers of human perception of coastal erosion risk. To place the research questions and objectives in content, Chapter 1 includes a brief introduction and literature review of the coastal erosion context in Bangladesh. Chapter 2 assesses different methods of prediction to investigate the performance of future shoreline position predictions by quantifying how prediction performance varies depending on the time depths of input historical shoreline data and the time horizons of predicted shorelines. Chapter 3 evaluates historical land loss and how well predicted shorelines predict amounts of succeeding LULC resources lost to erosion. Chapter 4 focuses on the patterns and drivers of erosion risk perception using data from spatially explicit measures of coastal erosion risk derived from satellite imagery and a random sample survey of residents living in the coastal communities. In summary, this research advances our scientific understanding of past and future coastal erosion risk and associated changes in land change and land cover using geospatial analysis techniques. It also enhances the understanding of the patterns and drivers of human perception of coastal erosion risk by combining satellite imagery and social survey data. Compared to much of the coastal erosion literature, this work draws from a 35-year time series of satellite-derived shorelines at annual temporal resolution. This time depth enables us to employ a temporal design strategy expected to yield a robust characterization of space-time erosion patterns. This study also enabled us to assess how well predicted shorelines predict amounts of succeeding LULC resources lost to erosion by using long-term historical data. The innovative we use has potential applications to other deltas and vulnerable shorelines globally. While empirical results are specific to the project's study area, results can inform the region's shoreline forecasting ability and associated mitigation and adaptation strategies. Doctor of Philosophy Coastal erosion is a global problem. Coastal Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of erosion in the world. Erosion causes population displacement, loss of productive land area, loss of infrastructure and communication systems, and, most importantly, household livelihoods. With an aim to advance our understanding of coastal erosion hazard, this study assessed past and future coastal erosion risk and associated changes in land change and land cover and human risk perceptions using different geospatial and statistical analysis techniques. First, different methods of coastal erosion prediction were evaluated to investigate the performance of future shoreline position predictions. Second, the historical land loss was estimated and how well predicted shorelines predict amounts of succeeding LULC resources lost to erosion were assessed. Finally, the patterns and drivers of human perception of coastal erosion risk were explored.
- Published
- 2023
23. Assessing the impacts of a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention on changing behavior in Bihar, India
- Author
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Wilcox, Emily Rose, Geography, Juran, Luke, Sridhar, Venkataramana, and Cohen, Alasdair
- Subjects
behavior change ,WASH ,drinking water ,silver-ceramic pot filters - Abstract
Access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is a fundamental human right and a critical component of public and environmental health. Inadequate access to WASH facilities and practices can give rise to preventable diarrheal and waterborne diseases, which can have severe consequences on individuals' health and well-being. This is especially true in low- and middle-income countries such as India. To address these issues, the S.M. Sehgal Foundation identified water quality and hygiene needs in Bihar, India, and thus launched a behavior change intervention called "WASH for Healthy Homes." The intervention aimed to promote the use of silver-ceramic pot filters and safe handwashing practices in five communities of the Vaishali District. While behavior change is a common approach to address WASH issues, evaluating the outcomes of such interventions is crucial for determining the most effective strategies and conditions under which they can be successful. Therefore, this study assessed the effectiveness of the WASH for Healthy Homes intervention and identified factors that influenced its success. A mixed methods approach was utilized that combined statistical analyses of pre- and post-intervention survey data with a thematic analysis of interview and focus group discussion data. Results demonstrated that the intervention was successful in increasing the adoption of the silver-ceramic pot filter and overall safe handwashing practices within the study communities. Success of the WASH for Health Homes intervention was facilitated by participants' health concerns, trust in the field coordinator and social peers, the aesthetic appeal of the treated water, and repeated intervention messaging. However, adoption of intervention behaviors was hindered by several factors, including economic barriers, gender roles in decision-making, the effects of children and elderly in the household, and low attendance during intervention sessions. The research findings provide valuable insights that can help nonprofits better design and execute behavior change interventions, especially in the face of increasing WASH challenges. Master of Science Access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene is a basic human right and critical for human health. Unfortunately, many people, especially those in low- and middle-income countries like India, lack adequate access to these facilities, leading to waterborne diseases and other health problems. To address this issue, the S.M. Sehgal Foundation launched a behavior change program called "WASH for Healthy Homes" to promote the use of water filters and safe handwashing practices in rural Bihar, India. To determine the success of the intervention and identify factors that influenced its effectiveness, this study used a variety of methods including statistics, interviews, and focus group discussions. Results showed that the program was successful in increasing the adoption of the filter and safe handwashing practices. Success was due to participants' health concerns, trust in the field coordinator and their peers, the aesthetic appeal of the filtered water, and repeated messaging. However, there were also barriers to adoption, such as economic barriers, gender roles, and low attendance during intervention sessions. These findings are important for nonprofits to better design and execute behavior change interventions in the face of growing WASH challenges.
- Published
- 2023
24. Considering the "public" in public health: popular resistance to the Smallpox Eradication Programme in India.
- Author
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Juran L, Trivedi J, and Kolivras KN
- Subjects
- Humans, India, Attitude to Health, Consumer Behavior, Public Health standards, Smallpox prevention & control, Smallpox Vaccine therapeutic use, Vaccination ethics, Vaccination psychology
- Abstract
Public health initiatives, including large-scale vaccination and disease eradication programmes, regularly pit the rights of the individual against broader benefits to society. At times, the public resists such initiatives, with the World Health Organisation's Smallpox Eradication Programme (SEP) in India being a case in point. Here, we critically investigate resistance to smallpox vaccines in India and argue that while the SEP successfully eradicated a global killer; individuals were stripped of human rights through coercion, forcible vaccination and quarantine. In many cases, resistance to vaccination was linked to deep-rooted social, cultural and religious beliefs. Critical points made in this paper are applicable to contemporary discussions on required vaccinations, quarantine during the outbreak of diseases and the current campaign to eradicate polio.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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