Search

The article focuses on French historian René Girard's philosophy of innovation, arguing that innovation and imitation are not fundamentally opposed but exist on a continuum. Topics include the historical and philosophical shifts from external to internal mediation; the critique of the dominant view of innovation as separate from imitation; and Girard's suggestion that real innovation involves a nuanced relationship with tradition, balancing imitation with mastery.

Are Fernando Pessoa’s English sonnets Shakespearean or not? This article analyzes several of Pessoa’s English sonnets from different points of view, considering concepts such as ideas and dreams, masks, things, oneness and otherness, in order to propose an answer to this question.

The report examines some features of the functioning of the «school of readers» of Anna Akhmatova’s poetry: the tendency to intersect social and aesthetic demarcation lines, a constant idea of obligation to imitate Akhmatova’s poetry, the functioning of quotations from her poems as memes and the tendency to evolve them into a new narration in verses.

The present article examines the imitation of the bibliographic codes and peritexts of printed books in numerous Finnish juvenilia manuscript books from the late nineteenth century to the 1920s. These meticulously crafted books by Helka Hiisku (1912-1962), Elina Vaara (1903-1980), Katri Vala (1901-1944) and Yrjö Koskelainen (1885-1951) were probably not intended to be printed or published in the traditional sense but have most likely circulated among an extremely limited readership of friends and family. An investigation of the imitation of printed books in relation to content, pseudonyms and the publisher's peritext, such as illustration, book covers, title pages and typography, shows how thoroughly the concept of the book determined writing in the first half of the 20th century. Handmade books might have been a hobby activity but they also demonstrate how aware budding writers were of the bibliographical code and peritexts of the printed book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among literary-theoretical concepts, mimesis has one of the longest histories, dating back to Plato and Aristotle. In the twentieth century, discussion of mimesis resulted in a number of highly influential contributions, including Eric Auerbach's Mimesis and Paul Ricoeur's Time and Narrative. In this article, we use Ricoeur's tripartite model of mimesis as a catalyst for a dialogue between unnatural and cognitive approaches to narrative. In the first part, we argue that, as a form of simulation (and not just passive imitation), mimesis is best conceptualized in terms of readers' mental modeling of narrative texts. We build on work in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics to show how readers understand narrative by building situation models derived from their everyday, embodied experience. However, as unnatural narratology emphasizes, not all narratives are consistent with real-world experience. Thus, in the second part of the essay, we examine and discuss the strategies through which readers can accommodate physical and logical impossibilities in narrative by adapting their situation models. In the final part of the article, we turn to D. M. Thomas's The White Hotel, a prototypically "unnatural" novel in that the protagonist's experience is caused by future events rather than by past ones. Our discussion of this novel shows situation models and interpretive strategies at work, exemplifying our claims and grounding them in a textual example. Through this combination of cognitive models and unnatural theory, we develop a framework for understanding mimesis that moves beyond dichotomies between "natural" and "unnatural" stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After critically reviewing the divisions of imitation as proposed by Dryden and Genette, among others, the author discusses the evolution of this concept, from its origins to its latest development in modern England. His aim is to build an objective model for analyzing imitation as a form of translation. He then analyzes a case study from East Asia: Japanese manga imitations of the Chinese novelThe Journey to the West, in particular Minekura Kazuya’s 1997–2002Journey to the Extreme(Gensōmaden Saiyūki). The author seeks to show how the changes made by the manga artists to the plot and characters exemplify ways in which imitations function in a new context. The article ends with some historical reflections on the position of imitation in translation theory and practice, while relating it to the contemporary context. It is hoped that the discussion will contribute to dispelling the misunderstandings and prejudice towards imitation, at the same time encouraging renewed attention to this old concept. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Much scholarly interest surrounding Ian McEwan's Atonement has focused on the abrupt shift that occurs in the novel's final section, "London, 1999." This essay argues that this final section makes clear that the main story of the novel is not the entanglement of Briony, Robbie, and Cecilia due to Lola's teenaged rape but, rather, Briony's development as a writer, her Künstlerroman. As such, "London, 1999" is crucial to the novel, not simply a metafictional ploy, because it illuminates the lengths to which Briony has gone in writing her final book and fulfilling her youthful promise. McEwan's response to a real-life accusation of plagiarism reinforces his depiction of Briony as an author who searches for "the telling detail," as opposed to one who cleaves to verifiable, historical accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last 50 years, descendants of Maghrebians who immigrated to France (beurs) have received French citizenship. Their societal position is paradoxical: French citizens by birth and soil, they live in French society; however, for many French de souche, they are still considered immigrants. Although the French government has a policy of assimilation, many beurs do not participate in the French way of life. They live in the projects, their children go to sub-standard schools, and beur youth unemployment rate is at least double that for the French population as a whole. Their practice of Islam alienates them further. However, while the anti-immigrant/anti-Muslim party is gaining in numbers, beur culture is increasingly a part of French culture: Arabic words have made their way into French, beur music is popular, and there is a strong beur presence in film. In this article, I will explore the portrayal of mixed-ethnicity couples in two films, Il reste du jambon (Anne Depetrini, 2010) and Mohamed Dubois (Ernesto Ona, 2012). These films reflect a growing preoccupation with mixed couples and their conflicts, and are paradigmatic of the process of assimilation of Arabs into French culture. In the first, a beur doctor,  Djalil (Ramzy Bedia) integrates and wins a blond, middle-class French reporter; in the second, Arnaud, the son of a rich French banker renounces his French identity, and adopts an Arab heritage to win a beur policewoman. Although both are French productions, the principal beur roles may be seen as breaking through the French stereotypes of Muslims/Arabs and therefore as counter-narratives of the nation, which, according to Homi Bhabha, ‘continually evoke and erase its totalizing boundaries – both actual and conceptual – [and] disturb those ideological manoeuvres through which ‘imagined communities’ are given essentialist identities’. I suggest, however, that while the beur ‘essentialist identity’ is challenged in the films, there are strains of neo-colonialism, with its accompanying ambivalence toward the beur characters, who are subject to mimicry, which consistently maintains the position of the dominant French film-consuming culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first printed grammar of the Italian vernacular, Fortunio's Regole grammaticali della volgar lingua (1516) responded to a need for guidance in imitating Tuscan authors of the Trecento, in line with the doctrine whose most authoritative proponent was Pietro Bembo. The Regole emerged on the fringes of the cultural mainstream. Fortunio conceived the work in Venice but he came to be suspected of treachery against that state. The structure of the Regole does not follow slavishly that of the Regulae grammaticales used to teach Latin. Fortunio owes much to the work of Bembo, but he does not follow him in every respect. The Regole appeared in a relatively minor centre, Ancona, where shortly afterwards Fortunio died violently. The nature of the Regole, and indeed its very existence, did not meet with universal approval. However, it was reprinted frequently in the Cinquecento and had a formative influence on the early study of Italian grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents a criticism of the work of English writer Edward Dannreuther. He mentions Dannreuther's borrowings from the works of poet Algernon Swinburne as a form of literary imitation, Swinburne's critical perspective, and Dannreuther's literary and aesthetic style as influenced by Swinburne.

This article examines the stereotypical portrayal of Eurasians in colonial and postcolonial novels. Most analyses of this genre look at representations in one (post) colonial society. This article takes a comparative approach and looks at three groups from three former colonies: Indo-Europeans from the Dutch East Indies, Anglo-Indians from British India and me'f/'sfrom French Indochina. It seeks to explain similarities, differences and continuities in the representation of Eurasians in novels. I use an interdisciplinary approach, which uses methods from literary science and historical research. Although novels in all three cases were firmly embedded in their respective national contexts, in the end, this article shows that the hybrid group of Eurasians was portrayed in a strikingly similar way in colonial and postcolonial fiction, especially in relation to the phenomenon of mimicry. The novels both reflected and created colonial reality. This ethnic stereotyping, rooted in similar colonial hierarchies, persisted into the postcolonial period in the three cases analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the independence of Telugu short story as an independent literary form of translation, imitation and transcreation of Telugu literature in the 19th century. It discusses the influence of Marxism in the subject focus of Telugu short stories and the independence of the Indian government. It also presents brief profile of success Telugu short story writers.

An experiment with 212 students (100 men, 112 women; M age=18.3 years, SD=0.9) was carried out to compare the effect of four techniques used by mediators on the number of agreements contracted by negotiators. Under experimental conditions, mediators were asked either to rephrase (reformulate) negotiators' words or to imitate them or to show active listening behavior, or finally, to use a free technique. More agreements were reached in the active listening condition than in both free and rephrase conditions. Furthermore, mediators in the active listening condition were perceived, by the negotiators, as more efficient than mediators using other techniques, although there was no significant difference observed between the active listening and imitation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on appropriation or 'Calibanisation' of the English language by African fiction writers. It compares fictional character Caliban's hostility to his master Prospero with hostile appropriation of the English language and colonial culture in some African texts. Fictional works discussed include Chinua Achebe "Things Fall Apart", Andreya Masiye's "Before Dawn" and John Luangala's "The Chosen Bud".

While Erving Goffman's sociology has enjoyed great popularity and is cited often, the career of his work has been largely confined to other scholars reaping, adapting, and utilizing his concepts. Goffman was opposed to science that just reproduces and orders concepts, and opposed to his students using his concepts as easy tools. Instead, he recommended they train their own horses: While there is much to use in Goffman's work, there is little scholarship that continues the genius of his practical approach. As valuable as Goffman's categories are, his collection practice and his analytical scheme may be even more valuable. On the one hand, they offer an intricate framework for research that is as open as it is directed; on the other hand, they allow researchers to argue freedom from the ever more imposing bad imitations of natural scientific method that threaten to overgrow the social sciences. Together, they allow Goffmanesque work without merely parroting his concepts. This article attempts to outline Goffman's eclectic way of collecting material and his technique for fashioning this material into analyses, reordering this material around different metaphors that make Goffman's contribution distinct. I call Goffman's practical research a flaneur approach, and outline it. The paper then makes an argument for its continuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loys Le Roy’s final work, De la Vicissitude ou variété des choses en l’univers (1575), has often been cited as one of the earliest Modern interventions in the Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes. This article explores what might be Modern about this text via a close reading of its final chapter. It draws on Cave’s theory of pre-histories to situate Le Roy within the broader context of the Querelle as well as to offer a reading of Le Roy’s juxtaposition of ancient and modern culture that restores a sense of the particularity both of the work itself and of the immediate context of the work’s composition and publication. In investigating how Le Roy might be considered ‘Modern’, it explores his treatment of the themes of imitation, translation, growth and decay, and the development of new genres or kinds of writing, as informed by contemporary humanist debates, as well as by the context of the French civil wars. It is argued that Le Roy’s view of ancients and moderns is informed both by his understanding of history and by a dual conception of time, which lead him to invest cautiously in the idea of greater, or more perfect, cultural production in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism of the play "Bartholmew Fair," by Ben Jonson is presented. Topics discussed include the imitation of plays by Greek comic dramatist Aristophanes, religious teaching of St. Paul on the redemption of the body, and parodic allusions to St. Bartholomew's story. It also discusses the works that influence Jonson.

This paper presents a novel dynamic analysis approach to software plagiarism detection. Such an approach is inherently more resilient to code obfuscation techniques such as renaming of program entities, reordering of statements, etc. We develop our technique in the context of a dynamic analysis and visualization system for Java, called JIVE, but the techniques are applicable to other object-oriented languages. Our analyses are based on the execution traces of Java programs (produced by JIVE), and our experimental results confirm that this approach is both efficient and effective in detecting plagiarism of Java programs when their source codes are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plagiarism means intellectual theft which consists of turning someone else's work as your own. Plagiarism has become widespread in many fields like institutions, companies etc. This paper proposes a new technique which uses Semantic Role Labelling and Sentence Ranking for plagiarism detection. Sentence ranking gives suspicious and original sentence pairs through vectorising the document. Then proposed method analyses and compares the ranked suspected and original documents based on the semantic allocation of each term in the sentence using SRL. It was found out that the application of sentence ranking in plagiarism detection method decreases the time of checking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which considered teachers' perceptions and cultural constructions of plagiarism in student writing in Taiwan. The study included interviews with 23 Taiwanese teachers which found that many cultural factors have an impact on student plagiarism during writing. The study suggested that stressing on social relationships and reciprocity in writing may lead to both intentional and unintentional plagiarism in students' writing.

The article discusses how academic dramas "Ignoramus" by George Ruggle and "Senile Odium" by Peter Hausted promote the humanistic principle of imitatio. It reports that the dramas ignore the common stereotypes associated with twinship and promote twin likeness. Also it mentions that plots of the dramas have sequential act of imitation.

The author comments on the publication and editorial ethics of the journal "Resonance." The topics discussed include the rising cases of scientific misconduct, its implications on the people's perception on science, and examples of scientific misconduct like plagiarism, falsification and fabrication.