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Silver nanoparticle is widely used in various field including medical, cosmetic, food and industrial purposes due to their unique properties in electrical conductivity, thermal, and biological activities. In the medical field, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reported to have strong antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Maclurodendron porteri (MP) extract and to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the synthesised MP-AgNPs. Green method of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) was used to extract the leaves of M. porter. Liquid Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry/Quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-MS/QTOF) was used to identify the compounds in the leaf extract of M. porteri. Characterisation of the synthesised nanoparticles involved ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), scanning electromagnetic microscopy (SEM), Zeta potential Analyzer and Particle Size Analyzer. The cytotoxic assay was conducted on MCF-7 and Caco-2 cell lines by MTT assay. Antimicrobial activity was tested on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria using the disc diffusion method. Based on LC-MS/QTOF analysis, 430 compounds were found. The identified major compounds consist of amino acids, polyphenols, steroids, terpenoids and heterocyclic compounds which possibly act as reducing agents. 1 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM of silver nitrate solution were mixed with the leaf extract to form silver nanoparticles. 1.2 mg/ml of MP-AgNPs were found to have antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa with inhibitory zones of 8.0 ± 0.36 mm, 8.5 ± 0.45 mm, 7.5 ± 0.36 mm, and 9.0 ± 0.40 mm respectively. MP-AgNPs showed no cytotoxic activity against Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, the presence of major amine compounds such as 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxyprotriptyline and harderoporphyrin in the extract facilitated the synthesis of AgNPs and the nanoparticle showed weak bioactivities in the assay conducted.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) involves a reduction reaction of a metal salt solution mixed with a plant extract. The reaction yield can be controlled using several independent factors, such as extract and metal concentration, temperature, and incubation time. AgNPs from Origanum vulgare (oregano) were synthesized in the past. However, no investigations were performed on the combined effects of independent factors that affect the synthesis. In this work, silver nitrate, oregano extract, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations were chosen as the independent factors, and full factorial design under Response Surface Methodology was employed. UV–Vis absorbance spectroscopy, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the nanoparticles. A Voigt function was fitted on the measured UV–Vis spectra. The fitting parameters of the Voigt function, peak wavelength, area, and Full Width at Half Maximum, were used as the responses. A quadratic model was fitted for the peak wavelength and area. The NaOH concentration proved to be the dominant factor in nanoparticle synthesis. UV–Vis absorbance showed a characteristic plasmon resonance of AgNPs at 409 nm. XRD verified the crystallinity of the nanoparticles and FTIR identified the ligands involved.

Sol-gel is an excellent antibacterial agent carrier. Different researchers incorporated various antibacterial substances, including silver nitrate (AgNO3), quarternary ammonium chloride (QAC), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in sol-gel. However, there is limited study on the influence of pH and acid hydrolysis time (ageing) to form sol-gel. Besides, few investigations have been made on the influence of fabric structure and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) incorporation into fabrics by the sol-gel method. This study also compared the light and heavy fabrics in terms of sol-gel application and the advantages of sol-gel over other AgNPs incorporation methods. The sol-gel-AgNPs incorporated fabric samples were characterized by Ultra Violet Spectroscopy (UV-VIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). For AgNPs synthesis in a green way, we used Calendula arvensis, a Mediterranean weed. This study found, that for sol-gel formation the minimum acid hydrolysis time was 5.30 hours, 6.30 hours, and 8.00 hours at 60 ºC, 25 ºC, and 3 ºC, respectively. After ageing, a minuscule amount of alkaline was needed for gelation. Seven different methods for incorporating AgNPs through sol-gel have been illustrated. The lower molarity of AgNO3, having a more significant portion in the sol-gel solution, had excellent antibacterial activity and wash fastness. Besides, the ex-situ method was better than the in-situ method. Among different types of cotton fabric, lightweight knit fabric showed much better antibacterial activity than heavier twill fabric.

ABSTRACTUltrasonic-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles is gaining more attention owing to its benefits over conventional synthesis process. The main objective of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles with aqueous cinnamon extract using ultrasound-assisted extraction and their physico-chemical characterization. Total phenolic content, DPPH, FRAP of cinnamon aqueous extract were 315 mg GAE/g, 89% scavenging activity and 9.5 mmol Trolox eq/100 g reducing power respectively. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-rays (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). XRD spectra depicted that the nanoparticles were crystallite in structure and 50 nm in size. SEM micrographs showed that nanoparticles were spherical in shape. EDX, FTIR and NMR spectra indicated that the phenolic compounds present in cinnamon aqueous extract played their role in capping and reducing the silver ions. Cinnamon-based silver nanoparticles showed potential antimicrobial activity against Gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Thus, cinnamon extract obtained through ultrasonic-assisted extraction could be a valuable source of polyphenols, which actively participated in the reduction and stabilization of silver nanoparticles.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been efficaciously synthesized from AgNO3 via an easy and green method, also called green synthesis, using Mon Thong durian (Durio zibethinus L.) rind extract. The inner shell of durian rind extract was used as an intermediary for the synthesis of AgNPs because the absorption spectra of the AgNP colloid extracted from the inner shell had a higher absorption than that of the outer shell. Additionally, we have found more fructose and glucose – which act as a reducing agent – and protein and carbohydrates – which act as the stabilizer – in a higher amount in the inner shell than the extract from the outer shell. The synthesized AgNPs were mainly spherical in shape and exhibited a relatively narrow size distribution with an average particle diameter of 10.2 ± 0.2 nm. In the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), these nanoparticles demonstrate catalytic activity. The degradation of AgNPs, including the catalytic decomposition of H2O2, causes a considerable change in the absorbance strength of the surface plasmon resonance band depending on the H2O2 concentration. Over a broad concentration range of 10−1–10−6 mol·L−1 H2O2, a good sensitivity and a linear response are achieved. This sensor’s quantification limit is found to be 0.9 µmol·L−1 H2O2. Therefore, this optical sensor for the detection of H2O2 can be potentially applied in the determination of color indicators in medical or clinical diagnosis, biochemical analysis, and environmental applications.

Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is one of the most prevalent species infecting humans and animals. Currently, the only FDA-licensed drug to treat cryptosporidiosis is nitazoxanide (NTZ), with no efficacy in immunocompromised hosts. Citrus paradisi (C. paradisi) has demonstrated anti-protozoal activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cryptosporidiosis effect of C. paradisi peel extract, either alone or in mediating the green synthesis of chitosan silver nanoparticles (Cs/Ag NPs), compared to NTZ. Mice were sorted into nine different groups. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated using parasitology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and immunology. C. paradisi outperformed nitazoxanide regarding oocyst shedding (79% vs. 61%). The effectiveness of NTZ Cs/Ag NPs and Citrus Cs/Ag NPs was enhanced to 78% and 91%, respectively. The highest oocyst inhibition was obtained by combining NTZ and Citrus Cs/Ag NPs (96%). NF-κB, TNF-α, and Il-10 levels increased in response to infection and decreased in response to various treatments, with the highest reduction in the group treated with combined NTZ citrus Cs/Ag NPs. Combining C. paradisi with NTZ could have a synergistic effect, making it a potentially effective anti-cryptosporidiosis agent. Utilizing C. paradisi in the green synthesis of Cs/Ag NPs improves the therapeutic response and can be used to produce novel therapeutic antiparasitic drugs.

In this work, the hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts from Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi were utilized to green-synthesize silver nanoparticles (Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs). The Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs were characterized by spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was studied against bacteria strains, utilizing the microdilution assay. The DPPH and H2O2 assays were considered to assess the antioxidant activity of AgNPs. The results revealed that Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs exhibit an average diameter of 39.9, 111, and 42 nm, respectively. The calculated ζ-potential of Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs were −20.5, −10.6, and −7.9 mV, respectively. The UV-vis analysis of the three samples demonstrated characteristic absorption bands within the range of 350–450 nm, which confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The FTIR analysis of AgNPs exhibited a series of bands from 3500 to 750 cm−1, related to the presence of extracts on their surfaces. SEM observations unveiled that Kf1- and Kf2-AgNPs adopted structural arrangements related to nano-popcorns and nanoflowers, whereas Kf3-AgNPs were spherical in shape. It was determined that treatment with Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs was demonstrated to inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner (50–300 μg/mL). Within the same range, treatment with Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs decreased the generation of DPPH (IC50 57.02–2.09 μg/mL) and H2O2 (IC50 3.15–3.45 μg/mL) radicals. This study highlights the importance of using inorganic nanomaterials to improve the biological performance of plant extracts as an efficient nanotechnological approach.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be produced safely and greenly using water hyacinth, an invasive aquatic plant, as a reducing agent. This study aimed to optimize the UV-irradiation parameters for the synthesis of AgNPs from water hyacinth leaf extract. The study varied the reaction time and pH levels and added a stabilizing agent to the mixture. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The findings revealed that the optimal conditions for synthesizing AgNPs were achieved by adjusting the pH level to 8.5, adding starch as a stabilizing agent, and exposing the mixture to UV-A radiation for one hour. These conditions resulted in the smallest size and highest quantity of AgNPs. Furthermore, the synthesized AgNP colloids remained stable for up to six months. This study highlights the potential of utilizing water hyacinth as a sustainable and cost-effective reducing agent for AgNP synthesis, with potential applications in pharmaceuticals, drug development, catalysis, and sensing detection.

Recent focus has been given to nanoparticles as an alternative fungicidal compound instead of chemical ones. More environmentally friendly ways of synthesis are the highest priority regarding the antifungal agents in the agriculture sector. Therefore, in this research, hyssop (H. officinalis) and sage (S. officinalis) aqueous extracts were prepared and used as a reducing source in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Aqueous extracts and green synthesized AgNPs were examined for phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity. Hyssop and sage extracts based AgNPs were analyzed using UV-vis spectrometry, SEM-EDS, and TEM-EDS. Antifungal activity against Fusarium spp. isolates collected from different infected crops was determined. Fusarium spp. isolates from strawberry, asparagus, pea, carrot, wheat, and rapeseed samples identified at the molecular level by translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1α) gene amplification and sequencing. Green synthesized AgNPs had lower phytochemical content, however higher antioxidant activity compared to pure extracts. Both hyssop and sage extracts are suitable reducing agents for AgNPs formation, and sage extract results in larger particle size. Aqueous hyssop extract had higher antifungal activity than aqueous sage extract. However, a 10% concentration of whole sage extract based AgNPs solution, added to the PDA medium, and a 5% concentration of hyssop extract based AgNPs inhibited Fusarium spp. the most. F. proliferatum was the most sensitive to all treatments among the other fungi.

Pomegranate waste poses an environmental challenge in Arequipa. Simultaneously, interest in sustainable materials like natural rubber latex (NRL) is growing, with Peruvian communities offering a promising source. This study explores the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using pomegranate peel extract and their incorporation into NRL nanofibers for enhanced functionalities. An eco-friendly process utilized silver nitrate and pomegranate peel extract as a reducing and capping agent to synthesize AgNPs. The resulting AgNPs and NRL/AgNPs nanofibers were characterized using imaging and spectroscopic techniques such as UV-vis, TGA, FTIR, XRD, Raman, SEM, and DLS. Green-synthesized AgNPs were spherical and crystalline, with an average diameter of 59 nm. They showed activity against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, B. cereus, and S. aureus (IC50: 51.32, 4.87, 27.72, and 69.72 µg/mL, respectively). NRL and NRL/AgNPs nanofibers (300–373 nm diameter) were successfully fabricated. The composite nanofibers exhibited antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae and B. cereus. This study presents a sustainable approach by utilizing pomegranate waste for AgNP synthesis and NRL sourced from Peruvian communities. Integrating AgNPs into NRL nanofibers produced composites with antimicrobial properties. This work has potential applications in smart textiles, biomedical textiles, and filtration materials where sustainability and antimicrobial functionality are crucial.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antibacterial properties using a one-pot green approach that harnesses the natural reducing and capping properties of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark extract is presented in this work. Silver nitrate was the sole chemical reagent employed in this process, acting as the precursor salt. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis, and some phytochemical tests demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde is the main component in the cinnamon bark extract. The resulting bio-reduced silver nanoparticles underwent comprehensive characterization by Ultraviolet–Vis (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform InfraRed spectrophotometry (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy suggesting that cinnamaldehyde was chemically oxidated to produce silver nanoparticles. These cinnamon-extract-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-cinnamon) displayed diverse morphologies ranging from spherical to prismatic shapes, with sizes spanning between 2.94 and 65.1 nm. Subsequently, the antibacterial efficacy of these nanoparticles was investigated against Klebsiella, E. Coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter strains. The results suggest the promising potential of silver nanoparticles obtained (AgNPs-cinnamon) as antimicrobial agents, offering a new avenue in the fight against bacterial infections.

The present study is based on optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Manilkara zapota fruit extract, formulation of topical gels, and evaluation for their antimicrobial properties. The results reveal that a reaction temperature of 35 °C and a reaction time of 11 h are the optimum conditions to get spherical AgNPs with a particle size of 100.7 nm and a zeta potential of −26.7 mV. The synthesized AgNPs formulated as topical gels demonstrate a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus niger in comparison to the 0.2% (mass fraction) silver nitrate marketed formulation. The AgNPs loaded gels seem promising and could lead to a useful alternative for treating pathogenic infections.

A novel preparation of silver nanoparticles using Morus nigra leaves extract, as opposed to the physical and chemical methods had been used in this work. Their active phytochemical compounds will reduce Ag+ and form AgNPs (Ag0). A peak spectrum at 460 nm was formed and confirmed as the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). Vibration at 1643 cm-1 and 3286 cm-1 which characteristic of C=C bonds and (-OH) hydroxyl groups, respectively. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination of silver with good crystallinity revealed its distinctive pattern. According to the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the produced AgNPs-Morus nigra leaves extract were between 10 and 20 nm in size. Using L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the substrate, the synthesized AgNPs-Morus nigra were tested for their tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and the results are substantial when compared to kojic acid as a control. The percentages of inhibition from crude extract, AgNPs, and kojic acid at 100 µg/mL are to be found at 12.10 %, 64.80 %, and 59.84 %, respectively. Based on the results of this work, AgNPs can be produced by utilizing a green synthesis method with leaves extract, making them a promising candidate for use in medicine and cosmetics.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become popular due to their unique properties that can be used as biosensors, composite fibers, semiconductor materials, and other medical applications. Green synthesis of AgNPs using natural reagents from plant extract offers advantages as an efficient and environmentally friendly technique by which the compounds from the extract perform as bio-reductor for silver ions and the capping agent for stabilizing the AgNPs. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to conduct the synthesis of AgNPs by utilizing an extract of Capsicum chinensie Jacq as the bioreductor. The effect of extract concentrations, duration of exposure to sunlight, and temperatures on AgNPs formation was studied to obtain the optimum synthesis condition. The biosynthesized AgNPs characteristics were analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, FTIR, SEM, X-Ray Diffraction, and PSA. The results showed that the higher extract concentration produced smaller AgNPs. The synthesis under sunlight exposure showed more product of AgNPs compared to heating on a hot plate. The optimum conditions of biosynthesis of AgNPs were attained at the volume ratio of extract (20%) and AgNO3 (1mM) of 1:1 and duration of sunlight exposure of 90 min, resulting in AgNPs characterized with maximum wavelength 422 nm and average particle sizes of 67.94 nm.

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has received extensive attention over other conventional approaches due to their non-toxic nature and more biocompatibility. Herein we report gold and silver NPs (AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV) prepared by employing a green approach using crude extract of Aconitum violaceum Jacquem. ex Stapf. The synthesized NPs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV/Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Zeta Potential. Morphological analysis showed spherical and triangular shapes of the NPs with average size of

In the present study, aqueous leaf extract of an underutilized vegetable Sarcochlamys pulcherrima was used to establish a straightforward, economical, and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with potent antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD)- and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. In the UV-Vis spectrum, the AgNP samples exhibited characteristic surface plasmon resonance band within 405–432 nm. The average crystallite size of the AgNPs calculated from the XRD data was found to be within the range of 15.6–25.6 nm. TEM analyses showed that most of the synthesised nanoparticles were spherical having dimensions in the range of 6–61 nm. The AgNPs exhibited significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging assay with a maximum of 89.12% inhibitory potential for the sample SP-8 and showed efficient anti-microbial potential against pathogenic bacterium Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the sample SP-1 was found to be 0.78 μg/mL against P. aeruginosa which is at per with the MIC value of the standard neomycin (0.78 μg/mL). The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the as-synthesized AgNPs for the selected bacterial strains were determined at concentrations of 25.0 μg/mL (B. subtilis) and 1.56 μg/mL (P. aeruginosa). This study concludes that the leaf extracts of the edible plant S. pulcherrima can be successfully utilised for convenient synthesis of AgNPs with antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.

The remarkable antibacterial activity and potential biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through eco-friendly approaches have garnered significant attention in recent years. This research aimed to introduce a green synthesis method for AgNPs using Salvia tebesana (S. tebesana) Bunge extract and to investigate their properties, antibacterial activities, and cytotoxicity effects. The fabricated AgNPs were analyzed with various analyses, including UV–Vis, DLS, XRD, FT-IR, and TEM analysis. The broth microdilution assay was applied to measure the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of chemical AgNPs, biosynthesized AgNPs, and S. tebesana Bunge leaves extract alone against selected standard bacteria strains. The biosynthesized AgNPs displayed a surface plasmon resonance peak at approximately 415 nm, and the AgNPs synthesized using S. tebesana Bunge extract had a spherical configuration with an average size in the range of 10–15 nm. Biosynthesized nanoparticles showed a noteworthy antibacterial activity compared to chemical nanoparticles, particularly against P. aeruginosa, with the highest antibacterial activity reported at a MIC value of 39.06 μg/mL. AgNPs synthesized using S. tebesana Bunge extract demonstrated a significant decrease in fibroblast cell viability, but only when the concentration reached 2 mg/mL. The findings demonstrate that S. tebesana Bunge leaves extract enhances the antibacterial properties of AgNPs, and also represents an appropriate and biocompatible option for the synthesis of these nanoparticles. Our research highlights the potential of employing bio-safe and eco-friendly AgNPs synthesized in the presence of S. tebesana Bunge extract, which possess remarkable antibacterial properties, for various biomedical applications.

Nanoparticles are synthesized by using various chemical methods in higher yields but they are not very environmentally friendly and have hazardous effects on living cells. This can be attributed to the overuse of hazardous chemicals involved in the process. The green approach of nanoparticle synthesis is widely gaining attention worldwide as it is considered as nontoxic, harmless and ecofriendly. Apart from this they also have multiple applications in various fields of science and technology. Nanoparticles synthesized by using various phytochemicals are also effective against a variety of microbial populations. The objective of this study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the fruit extracts of Wrightia tinctoria and evaluating its antimicrobial capacities against gram-positive and negative bacterial strains. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using different solvent extracts of Wrightia tinctoria pods. The formation of silver nanoparticles was noted by detecting the change in color of the solution. The presence of nanoparticles was detected by performing UV visible spectroscopy and monitoring the spectrum from 400 nm to 800 nm. A small peak at 425 nm suggested the presence of silver nanoparticles. In a later part of the study, the inhibitory effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles on the growth of E. coli and S. aureus was monitored. The appearance of a zone of inhibition further confirmed the antimicrobial effect of the synthesized nanoparticles.

The process of wound healing is complicated. Antimicrobial silver has been one of the substances used for wounds since ancient times. Moreover, traditional medicine has long used Juglans regia L. to promote wound healing. Since eco-friendly nanotechnology has various uses in biomedical research, the aim of this study was to assess the wound-healing capacity of bio-reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV, DLS, TEM, and FTIR were used to characterize the prepared AgNPs. Pellicle's bioreduced AgNP (AgNP/P) has a better polydispersity index (PI) of 0.336 compared to its chemically synthesized peers, which have a PI of 0.67. Using incision and excision wound healing models, AgNPs and extracts were compared to Solcoseryl®. Skin-breaking strength, wound contraction, epithelialization time, histology, and cytokines were all assessed. Juglans regia L. pellicle extract (P) has shown significant effectiveness in both models, as well as their bio-reduced partner AgNP/P. The skin's tensile strength following AgNP/P therapy (871 g, p value

In this study, we present a label-free non-faradaic impedimetric biosensor to detect bacterial cells using microfabricated gold interdigitated electrode (IDE). Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are green synthesized using aqueous neem extract and characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance- Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (ATR-FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and UV–Visible spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized AgNPs are well dispersed with an average size of 84 nm and showed an extensive antibacterial property indicated by a standard bioassay against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Gold IDEs are microfabricated by lithography on borosilicate glass wafers. The biofunctionalization of gold IDE is carried out using thiol‑gold covalent chemistry with mercaptohexanol (MCH). The self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of MCH facilitates drop-cast deposition of AgNP on the surface forming an MCH-AgNP. The functionalized IDE is electrochemically stable for further experiments and was validated by open circuit potential measurements. The objective of developing a label-free approach is confirmed by cyclic voltammetry analysis. Non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (nf-EIS) is carried out to detect E.coli cells suspended in water. The antibacterial property of AgNP is exploited to detect the decrease in cell concentration using nf-EIS. The impedance signatures corresponding to the trapping of cells are recorded with respect to time. Bacterial growth is a major challenge in maintaining water quality. The results demonstrated in this work would help to mitigate this problem effectively in a quick time without the need for skilled labor and sophisticated instruments required in traditional antibacterial testing.

The biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was achieved through the utilization of an extract derived from the plant Lepidium Sativum, commonly referred to as Garden cress. The current study was undertaken to examine the impacts of different concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3) on the properties of silver nanoparticles. A range of analytical techniques were utilized to examine the characteristics of the nanoparticles, encompassing energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The findings demonstrated and suggested that Lepidium Sativum represents a viable choice for the environmentally friendly production of silver nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectra of the studied silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) exhibited a significant level of absorption within the wavelength range of 430-460 nm. The most intense absorption peak, observed at 453 nm, was associated with a concentration of 0.25 mol. The examination of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images has revealed that the concentration of the solution has a substantial impact on the size, morphology, shape, and orientation of the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The Ag NPs exhibit a mostly spherical and semi-spherical form, with an average particle size ranging from 65 to 80 nm. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized exhibit a high level of purity, consisting solely of silver atoms arranged in a face-centered cubic crystalline lattice structure. The particle size, as determined from the (111) peak, falls within the range of 25.31-67.28 nm. The EDX spectrum analysis indicated that the primary chemical constituent present in the samples was silver (Ag). The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) produced at different concentrations exhibited a distinct peak in the UV-Vis spectrum, demonstrating significant absorbance above 400 nm in the visible region and minimal absorption in the UV range. The measured energy band gap (Eg) ranged from 2.05 to 2.3 eV. In addition, the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) at different concentrations did not exhibit any discernible peak throughout the monitored range. This observation implies that the silver nanoparticles that were produced using cress plant extract had a high level of purity.

Foodborne diseases continue to pose a significant global health concern, causing a considerable number of deaths worldwide. In response to concerns surrounding bacterial resistance and the limitations of traditional antibiotics, there is a growing interest in exploring natural antibacterial agents as potential alternatives for addressing foodborne pathogens. Nowadays efforts are being made on exploring the potential of natural antibacterial agents against foodborne pathogens. In this study, the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized using S. polyanthum leaves extract (SP-AgNPs) against selected Gram-negative and Gram-positive foodborne pathogens was investigated by using multiple assays, including the well diffusion assay (WDA), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill assay. The well diffusion assay demonstrated the inhibitory potential of SP-AgNPs against all tested foodborne pathogens, with inhibition zones ranging from 10.16 + 1.25 to 13.16 + 1.52 mm. Furthermore, the MIC values ranged from 0.008 to 0.125 mg/mL, indicating the potent antibacterial activity of SP-AgNPs across a broad spectrum of foodborne pathogens. The MBC values, ranging from 0.008 to 0.250 mg/mL, further confirming the bactericidal ability of SP-AgNPs against these pathogens. In the time-kill experiment, most foodborne pathogens were entirely killed after 4 h of incubation at 4 × MIC concentration. However, only E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. Typhimurium showed a reduction in population to 3 Log10 CFU/mL, indicating a strong bactericidal effect of SP-AgNPs on most tested pathogens. In conclusion, this study provides compelling evidence that SP-AgNPs exhibit potent antibacterial activity against selected foodborne pathogens. The findings suggest that SP-AgNPs synthesized using S. polyanthum leaves extract hold great promise as a novel antibacterial agent for effectively controlling foodborne pathogens. These findings contribute to continuing efforts in developing alternative strategies to prevent foodborne diseases and enhance food safety.

Coated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are currently receiving interest because of their numerous uses in various fields of electronics, antimicrobials, manufacturing sectors, optical science, and pharmaceuticals. Among others, it gained significant attention in the power electronic system. The goal of the proposed study is to use a cost-effective coating material for solar panels; to accomplish this, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from the leaves of the Rosy Periwinkle plants. Green synthesis and characterization, such as Ultraviolet Visible Spectrometer (UV–Vis) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), were carried out after the silver nanoparticles have been collected prior coating. As a consequence, the effectiveness is determined based on the conductivity test, and the resulting Ag NPs are then applied to the c-si layer of the solar panel. Additionally, a modelling and experimental analysis are performed in this study to ascertain the suggested framework's ability to measure energy before and after coating panels with Ag NPs. Specifically, the Voltage Current (VI) and Power Voltage (PV) characteristics were validated in this study for analyzing the effectiveness and the obtained results revealed that the coating of green synthesized Ag NPs generated 2 % more power than the reference solar panel under the same conditions. Further, hardware testing and simulation were both used to confirm the outcomes and effectiveness of the suggested method. The open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), maximum peak voltage (Vmp), maximum peak current (Imp), and efficiency are taken into account when assessing how well the suggested system performs at tracking. Moreover, the current density characteristics were evaluated with respect to various irradiation conditions for both the typical solar as well as Ag NPs coated panels. From the observation, it is noted that the efficiency level of coated panel was improved up to 19.20 %, 18 %, and 17.20 % for the irradiations of 200 W/m2, 500 W/m2, and 1000 W/m2 respectively.

To develop a more environmentally friendly, low-cost, energy-efficient, and non-toxic strategy for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for cancer therapy, in this study, we established a green synthesis method using Olea europaea fruit extract (OFE) as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the AgNPs. The AgNPs were then characterized using relevant spectroscopy and other analyses, and their cytotoxicity on two breast cancer cells, MCF7 and T47D, were evaluated. The AgNPs exhibited considerable anticancer potential against both MCF7 and T47D cells, inhibiting their proliferation more efficiently than the OFE. The AgNPs-OFE was highly cytotoxic against the T47D cancer cell line with a 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 77 µg/mL. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using OFE in green synthesizing stable AgNPs with an acceptable particle size and shape and other desirable characteristics, including anticancer activities against the selected in vitro breast cancer cell model. The findings demonstrate the encouraging biomedical and therapeutic application of the Plant-derived AgNPs, which has clinical and academic relevance and warrants further investigation.

This study demonstrates the selective oxidation of propylene glycol and veratryl alcohol utilizing silver oxide nanoparticles. This work adopted employing Panchakavyam, a medicinally rich bio-fertilizer for synthesizing silver oxide nanoparticles. In the present study, panchakavyam was prepared as a supporting material for the synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs). The traditional source of panchakavyam makes it cost effective, eco-friendly and the positive alteration of structure and shape of the catalyst enabled to deliver high yield of value added products. The synthesized silver oxide nanoparticle’s structure, shape, reactivity, stability, nature of the catalyst, thermal behaviour were studied and analysed through standard catalyst characterization techniques. Post synthesis of nanoparticles, selective oxidation reaction was carried out by confining the silver oxide nanoparticles as a nano catalyst. The tert-butyl hydroperoxide was chosen as the solvent for the oxidation studies of propylene glycol and veratryl alcohol. This study was performed by varying the reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure, time, WHSV−1 etc., to obtain the maximum yield of most desired product. The study involving conversion of propylene glycol(PG) to hydroxy acetone(HA) showed a conversion and selectivity of 100 and 99%, respectively. Similarly conversion of veratryl alcohol(VAOL) to veratraldehyde(VAL) showed a conversion and selectivity of 100 and 97.8%, respectively. The result of the study provides a path to explore the adoption of sustainable catalyst in the conversion of propylene glycol and veratryl alcohol to an industrially important products.

AbstractGreen synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted substantial interest and achievement due to their environmental friendliness, ease of manipulation, and potential for large-scale production. By using aqueous Camellia sinensis leaf extract, suspensions of AgNPs, which possess photocatalytic and biological activity, were successfully synthesized in this study. The reduction of silver ions to AgNPs was visually inspected via the colour of the reaction mixture, which was altered from pale yellow to reddish brown. The methods of characterization of the as-synthesized AgNPs were performed using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The surface plasmon resonance bands of AgNPs at 420-430 nm in UV-Vis spectra indicated the presence of silver particles at the nanoscale. The size of AgNPs was determined by DLS, ranging from 25 nm to 40 nm. XRD analysis showed that AgNPs were highly pure and crystalline. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, was demonstrated by the disc diffusion method. The examination of the photocatalytic activity of AgNPs was conducted through methylene blue (MB) degrading experiments, and the MB degrading performance was approximately 95% within 72 h under sunlight.

The green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing a green path is eco-friendly and profitable compared to traditional physical and chemical techniques. This research conducted a green synthesis of gold NPs (AuNPs) and silver NPs (AgNPs) using an extract of Teak (Tectona grandis) and their anticancer and anti-microbial activities. Various techniques like transmission-electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermal-gravimetric analyses (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to analyze synthesized AuNPs and AgNPs. The effects of different factors like the amount of extract used, solution pH, and contact time were measured to obtain the best possible conditions for synthesizing NPs. The AgNPs showed significant anticancer activity against HepG2 with an IC50 of 6.17 mg/ml compared to Teak extract (>50 mg/ml) and AuNPs (44.1 mg/ml), while AuNPs (6 % Teak extract and 2.9 × 10−3 M HAuCl4) showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 11 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, and 15.5 mm, respectively as compared to other treatments. These findings confirmed the medical applications of AuNPs and AgNPs and might open new possibilities in this field.

Background: The aim of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the methanolic fraction of Mutisia acuminatta leaves using Plackett-Burman design to optimize process parameters and to evaluate its antibacterial effect. Methods: For the separation of Mutisia acuminatta phytoconstituents, chromatographic techniques were used. For characterization and identification, UV - VIS spectrophotometry, FTIR spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. The Plackett-Burman design used polynomial regression statistical analysis to determine the most influential variables. Results: UV-VIS spectroscopy reported an absorbance concerning surface plasmon resonance between 410–420 nm wavelength for the AgNPs. FTIR spectrophotometry reported characteristic peaks in the biosynthesized AgNPs , observing the disappearance of spectral peaks between 1000–1500 cm-1. By UHPLC-MS, caffeic acid derivatives, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, disaccharide and a complex formed between silver and the solvent (AgCH3CN+) were identified. Using DLS, the AgNPs presented an average hydrodynamic size of 45.91 nm. TEM determined the spherical shape of the AgNPs, presenting diameters in the range of 30 to 60 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than the total extract, the methanolic fraction and pure methanol. The polynomial model in the biosynthesis was validated with an adequate fitting representing the experimental data of the process. The most significant variables for the model obtained were the reaction pH (X2) and the concentration of the precursor salt AgNO3 (X6). Conclusions: The synthesized AgNPs offer a viable option for further development due to the presence of bioactive compounds, adequate characterization and antibacterial activity.

The recent increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to a notable difficulty in medicine, demanding endeavors to fabricate efficient antibacterial substances. Unlike traditional physical and chemical approaches, bio-genic approaches demonstrate various advantages, such as affordability, safety, and speed. The current study presents novel green silver nanoparticles employing Astragalus sarcocolla (Anzaroot) gum extract (ASG-AgNPs). For the first time, the alcoholic gum extract of this plant was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles in order to obtain antioxidant and antimicrobial nanoparticles. After optimizing the fabrication reaction conditions, ASG-AgNPs were characterized by DLS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, FT-IR, and XRD analyses. The antibacterial and antifungal potential of ASG-AgNPs and ASG extract was examined against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans by the broth microdilution method. Also, the DPPH technique was carried out to investigate the antioxidant property. TEM images displayed a highly even and spherical configuration of ASG-AgNPs, with an average size of 15.76 ± 1.40 nm. ASG-AgNPs exhibited high antimicrobial activity against all examined microbial models. The strongest effects were on Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae microorganisms, with MIC values of 62.5 and 156.25 μg/ml, respectively. DPPH radical inhibition percentages were raised from 14 to 98 by raising the concentration of ASG-AgNPs from 100 to 800 μg/ml, indicating suitable antioxidant activity. Both the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the extract were weaker than ASG-AgNPs, suggesting significant synergism between the extract and AgNPs. These findings demonstrate that utilizing the gum of the Astragalus sarcocolla plant is effective in producing AgNPs, which likely possess significant potential for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. However, further research is required.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogenic bacteria is a global health concern as it has rendered the current antibiotic therapy ineffective. A recent and rapidly developing research area in the biomedical sector is the use of biogenic nanoparticles as antibacterial agents. In the current investigation, aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (Pn-AgNPs) were employed for the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles, further characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, TEM, UV–Vis and XRD techniques. Electron microscopy images of the green-synthesized Pn-AgNPs showed them as evenly dispersed spherical particles having an average size of about ∼ 20 nm. The Pn-AgNPs were further tested for potential antibacterial activity against isolated drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as Burkholderia cepacia complex, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), Citrobacter freundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter clocae, MRSA, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus spp, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE).The Pn-AgNPs significantly inhibited growth all of the studied bacterial isolates, including antibiotic-resistant isolates such as MRSA, VRE, and CRE. Electron micrographs clearly showed the enhanced penetration of AgNPs leading to disruption of cell membrane causing death of the cell. Further, Pn-AgNPs dramatically reduced the ability of P. aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, E. coli, and S. aureus to form biofilms. Leakage of protein from bacterial cells could be main reason for the effective bactericidal action of synthesized AgNPs. This antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of Phyllanthus niruri biosynthesized AgNPs against clinically significant drug-resistant bacteria is impressive and can be developed as a novel antimicrobial agent to combat the threat of drug-resistant bacterial infections.

In ancient, human used silver and silver salts but silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have recently been found to be accepted as the result of green synthesis. Now a day, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become extremely popular in the field of the sensor due to their remarkable and significant optical, chemical, and electrical properties. In this paper, we have reported the green and reasonably priced synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acacia confusa leaf extract which acts as both capping as well as reducing agents. The optical sensing and morphology of the as prepared AgNPs were determined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The sensing of Hg2+ ion through colorimetric and optical have been studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as the naked eye. Moreover, the SEM analysis showed that the volume of the extract had no considerable effect on the morphology except for size. The colorimetric and optical sensing study revealed that the as-synthesized AgNPs exhibited a good response with colorimetric and optical sensing activity specifically towards the toxic Hg2+ ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of natural proteins is a green and effective method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Aromatic amino acids of proteins play a reducing role in synthesis, and proteins are coated on the surface of AgNPs to play the role of stabilizers. In this study, we developed an efficient one-step method for synthesizing AgNPs using lysozyme (LYZ) under visible-light irradiation from a xenon lamp in situ. The light conditions and LYZ structure could substantially affect the synthesis. Antibacterial and scald-wound healing results showed that LYZ/AgNPs had broad-spectrum and efficient antibacterial activity and promoted scald-wound healing. Therefore, the proposed synthesis method and LYZ/AgNPs have good practical application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, green synthesis is utilized in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with hazelnut (Corylus Colurna) husk which is the outer leaf part of the hazelnut shell and is considered bio‐waste. According to transmission electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction analysis, the morphology of the silver nanoparticles synthesized by 0.1 g/mL hazelnut husk extract is found to be spherical with an average diameter of 6.57 nm and possesses ultra‐narrow size distribution. UV‐visible spectrometry reveals the absorbance peak range between 450–475 nm which is in the range of surface plasmon resonance peak of silver nanoparticles with spherical morphology. Antibacterial properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested on E. coli and significant antimicrobial activity was found with up to 79 % areal inhibition efficiency. The research revealed that the hazelnut husk extract, a reducing agent used in syntheses with different mass concentrations of hazelnut husk extract, also affects the size of the nanoparticles, allowing for the possibility of controlling their size. The antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles, synthesized in a spherical form of different sizes, correspondingly increased their effect on bacteria which is observed in the inhibition zone. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles, which can be used in many fields for agriculture, cosmetics, and medical purposes, using plant extract and minimal chemicals is crucial because it affects its toxicity. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles with hazelnut husk not only reduces the chemical waste and toxicity, but it is both easily accessible and helps the environment and sustainability by recycling a normally considered bio‐waste by‐product of high‐value‐added crop to a technologically valuable product silver. Moreover, synthesized silver nanoparticles could be an essential part of applications ranging from antibacterial surface treatments to drug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green, economical, highly efficient and easy method for the synthesis of AgNPs using dried black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruit extract was reported. Their formations were confirmed by both its brown color and the plasmon resonance band. The TEM analysis showed that they were in spherical shape with an average size of 6 ± 1 nm. In addition, they have exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against eleven different pathogenic bacteria. Finally, they have showed advanced catalytic activity against to methyl orange (MO), cresol red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) dyes both in unary and ternary mixture of dyes. In addition, the degradation of ternary dye mixture using the synthesized AgNPs was also tested using wastewater as the real sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for the development of novel antibacterial agents with reduced environmental impact. In this study, we present a novel green synthesis approach for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a plant-based extract. These AgNPs were subsequently characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs by exhibiting a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at around 401 and 420 nm. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs, with distinct diffraction peaks corresponding to the face-centered cubic structure of silver. TEM analysis demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape and exhibited an average size within the nanoscale range. FTIR analysis was employed to elucidate the potential bioactive compounds present in the plant extract responsible for the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. Furthermore, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of these synthesized AgNPs against a panel of bacterial isolates. All the bacterial isolates were sensitive to the silver nanoparticles. Staphylococcus aureus as found to be most resistant, while E. coli as found to be the most sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of plant extracts to produce metal particles at the nanoscale has attracted intensive research interest due to their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. This study aimed to investigate the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs(using aqueous extracts of Silybum marianum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. and to assess their effectiveness as antibacterial and antifungal agents using the agar-well diffusion method. The production of AgNPs was confirmed through spectrophotometry, and their size and shape were measured using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The role of organic compounds in nanoparticle synthesis was also explored through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR analysis identified the functional groups of organic compounds in S. marianum and P. oleracea extracts that were responsible for reducing Ag ions and capping the resulting AgNPs. The nanoparticles demonstrated potent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium graminearum, and Alternaria alternata. It was concluded that, in addition to their unique medicinal properties, S. marianum and P. oleracea can be utilized in the production of AgNP for medical and pharmaceutical purposes against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal infections. In summary, the seed extracts of S. marianum and P. oleracea, which are among the available plant sources, can be used for the highly stable production of AgNPs as a reducing and capping agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: There are many uses for silver nanoparticles in the field of biomedicine due to their exceptional properties. A major application of silver nanoparticles is the increase of antibiotics that are clinically helpful against microbes and drug-resistant bacteria. However, environmentally friendly methods for their synthesis must be developed. Objectives: Current study, the major objective of this research is concentrated on to suggest an easy and well-organized biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by confirmed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. The ATSNPs (Afrohybanthus travancoricus silver nanoparticles) was biosynthesized with A. travancoricus plant like capping and reducing agent. Materials and Methods: The ATSNPs aqueous extract were mixed by water extract of 1mM AgNO3 solution led to appearance of greenish brown to dark brown colour indicates the synthesis of SNPs. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and EDX analysis. Antioxidant assay was tested through DPPH and ABTS+ assays, anti-inflammatory assay through albumin denaturation and antidiabetic assay by α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Results: A colour change of solution from dark brown to light brown, absorption peak of ATSNPs as 290 to 300 nm in UV-vis spectroscopy. ATSNPs showed 6 intense peaks in FTIR analysis and functional groups like phenols, alcohols, 1° amines, alkynes, aliphatic amines, aromatics, and alkyl halides were identified. In XRD analysis showed 5 intense peaks at 20.8°, 30.3°, 40.1°, 40.9°, 60°. The EDX analysis the presence of Ag at 3 kev and SEM analysis showed the size of ATSNPs ranges between 88 µm -- 242 µm. Antioxidant activity was observed the dose dependent manner in both assays. Anti-inflammatory activity of ATSNPs proved maximum inhibition through egg albumin denaturation. Antidiabetic activity exhibits maximum inhibition percentage of α-amylase and α-glucosidase at 10 µg/mL. The lowest IC50 value was noted in α amylase (170 µg/mL) and α glucosidase (134 µg/mL). Conclusion: The obtained results recommended that using ATSNPs, it is likely to represented silver nanoparticles with controlled characteristics and important pharmacological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific society is exploiting the use of nanoparticles in nano-medicine and biomedical applications. In the field of biomaterial and bio-nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are playing an important role due to their potential physical, chemical, and biological properties ranging in activities from antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer treatment. Green synthesis technology is one of the most cost-effective, eco-friendly, and biologically safe methods. Green tea leaf extract can reduce silver to AgNPs and enhance antibacterial activity. In this work, we demonstrate the antibacterial activity effect employing green synthesis of AgNPs with green tea leaf extract. The UV–Vis and FTIR results showed, confirming the formation of AgNPs and the presence of chemical groups enhancing the antibacterial activity of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs with green tea leaf extract were crystalline with a quasi-spherical shape with a diameter from 30 to 150 nm. The antibacterial activity of the AgNPs in three different concentrations showed that the 120 mg/ml sample possesses higher antibacterial activity (significantly high killing ability) against E. coli than chemically produced AgNPs. These results confirm a more significant antibacterial effect of the biogenic AgNPs with low cytotoxicity than the AgNPs produced chemically. These findings can be used to treat chronic infections, diseases, and other biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin is known as a polyphenolic herbal active ingredient isolated from Indian medicinal plant curcuma longa with several promising pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the process of curcumin adsorption onto bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles modified with glutathione for drug delivery systems. Initially, silver nanoparticles were synthesized through the green approach using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract. Then, in order to enhance the adsorption capacity and biocompatibility, the surface of silver nanoparticles was chemically modified with glutathione. The structure and morphology of nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, elemental analytical, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The nanoparticles were formed in a spherical shapes with a size range between 5 and 50 nm. Subsequently, effective factors on curcumin adsorption onto nanoadsorbent such as pH, contact time, and initial concentration were optimized. In the following, the nonlinear adsorption isotherm and kinetic models were studied for the curcumin adsorption mechanism. Moreover, the in vitro release of curcumin from nanocarrier indicated an initial release in the first 30 min at gastric fluid (pH = 1.2), followed by a more regular and sustained release for 30 h in pH = 7.4 (intestinal fluid). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produces AgNPs with minimum influence on the environment by using plant components such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymes, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenols as reducing agents. In the present investigation, Azadirachta indica leaf extract was used to form AgNPs from a 1 mM silver nitrate solution. The plan proved to be incredibly straightforward, cost‐effective, and effective. The production of the nanoparticles was observed visually, where the colorless fluid turns into a brown‐colored solution. Further research was carried out using x‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in addition to UV–visible spectroscopy. The size range of AgNPs determined by TEM was 10–30 nm. When the diffusion technique was employed to demonstrate the antibacterial effect of AgNPs on various pathogens, the zones of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli, when 50 g of AgNPs were used were 16, 12, and 17 mm, respectively. By examining the leakage of reducing sugars and proteins, the mechanism by which nanoparticle antibacterial properties were explored, showed that AgNPs were capable of lowering membrane permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was achieved through the utilization of an extract derived from the plant Lepidium Sativum, commonly referred to as Garden cress. The current study was undertaken to examine the impacts of different concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3) on the properties of silver nanoparticles. A range of analytical techniques were utilized to examine the characteristics of the nanoparticles, encompassing energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The findings demonstrated and suggested that Lepidium Sativum represents a viable choice for the environmentally friendly production of silver nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectra of the studied silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) exhibited a significant level of absorption within the wavelength range of 430-460 nm. The most intense absorption peak, observed at 453 nm, was associated with a concentration of 0.25 mol. The examination of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images has revealed that the concentration of the solution has a substantial impact on the size, morphology, shape, and orientation of the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The Ag NPs exhibit a mostly spherical and semi-spherical form, with an average particle size ranging from 65 to 80 nm. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized exhibit a high level of purity, consisting solely of silver atoms arranged in a face-centered cubic crystalline lattice structure. The particle size, as determined from the (111) peak, falls within the range of 25.31-67.28 nm. The EDX spectrum analysis indicated that the primary chemical constituent present in the samples was silver (Ag). The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) produced at different concentrations exhibited a distinct peak in the UV-Vis spectrum, demonstrating significant absorbance above 400 nm in the visible region and minimal absorption in the UV range. The measured energy band gap (Eg) ranged from 2.05 to 2.3 eV. In addition, the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) at different concentrations did not exhibit any discernible peak throughout the monitored range. This observation implies that the silver nanoparticles that were produced using cress plant extract had a high level of purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global spread of multi-resistant pathogenic microorganisms has significantly complicated the treatment of chronic wounds. The development of novel drugs requires a substantial time investment. Hybrid materials such as nanoparticles stabilized by plant extracts are considered the best for creating efficient antiseptic substances. This paper is the first to discuss quantitative and qualitative analyses of the phytochemical constituents of the medicinal plant Artemisia terrae-albae, collected in Kazakhstan. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts, as well as of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stabilized by Artemisia terrae-albae extract, were evaluated. AgNPs were characterized by an average size of 82 nm or larger with a negative surface charge. TEM analysis of the obtained suspension showed a nonuniform structure of particles synthesized at a low concentration of ethyl acetate solvent in water. The SPR peak of AgNPs@Art aq. extract was detected at 420 nm, while any clear SPR peak was observed for AgNPs@Art ethylacetate extract. Diluted Artemisia terrae-albae extracts did not exhibit pronounced antimicrobial activity due to the poor solubility of compounds in water. Nevertheless, the AgNPs@Art aq. and AgNPs@Art EtAc. extracts possessed antimicrobial activity against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green biosynthesized nanoparticles have a bright future because they can be produced using a method that is more energy-efficient, cost-effective, repeatable, and environmentally friendly than physical or chemical synthesis. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced using the Fusarium nygamai isolate AJTYC1. Several techniques were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. AgNPs showed a distinctive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak in the UV–visible range at 310 nm. The morphology of the biosynthesized AgNPs was spherical, and the TEM image shows that they ranged in size from 27.3 to 53.1 nm. The notable peaks of the FT-IR results show the different groups for the alkane, alkynes, cyclic alkenes, carboxylic, aromatic amine, esters, and phenolics. Additionally, the results showed that AgNPs had superior antioxidant activity when compared to ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene, which is a powerful antioxidant. Additionally, AgNPs have antibacterial action utilizing agar diffusion against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and antifungal activity. AgNPs' anticancer activity varied depending on the type of cancer it was used to treat, including hepatocellular cancer (HepG2), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), and breast cancer of the mammary gland (MCF7). The viability of the cancer cell lines was reduced with increasing AgNP concentration. AgNPs also demonstrated promising photocatalytic activity by reducing methylene blue, safranin, crystal violet, and green malachite by 88.3%, 81.5%, 76.4%, and 78.2%, respectively. In addition, AgNPs significantly affected the Allium cepa plant's mitotic index and resulted in chromosomal abnormalities as compared to the control. Thus, the synthesized AgNPs demonstrated an efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable method for decolorizing dyes as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. This could be a huge victory in the fight against numerous dynamic diseases and lessen wastewater dye contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of metal nanomaterials is a timely topic due to their widespread use in fields such as crop protection, the environment, medicine, and engineering. Green synthesis of nanoparticles, which uses plant extracts instead of industrial chemical agents to reduce metal ions, has been developed to decrease costs, reduce pollution, and improve environmental and human health safety. In this paper, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the flower extract of Jasminum nudiflorum. The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and other technologies. The antifungal activity of the prepared AgNPs against Alternaria longipes was tested using the plate method, the concentration dilution method, and other methods, and the antioxidant activity of the prepared AgNPs was evaluated by DPPH and hydroxyl free scavenging methods. The results showed that AgNPs synthesized from J. nudiflorum flower extract have a face-centered cubic structure (fcc), and the average grain size of the nanoparticles is 13 nm; they are also mainly spherical in shape. Additionally, the concentration of AgNPs (ranging from 16 to 128 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. longipes in comparison to the control. The inhibitory rate gradually increased with increasing AgNP concentration, ranging from 70.64% to 79.60% at a concentration of 128 μg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration was observed at 32 μg/mL. AgNPs induced overaccumulation of MDA in A. longipes, resulting in cell membrane damage and nucleic acid leakage. Moreover, the AgNPs have significant antioxidant properties, which increase with increasing concentration. The clearance rate of DPPH was 25.46 ± 0.90% when the concentration of AgNPs was 8 μg/mL, and the clearance rate of the hydroxyl radical was 28.62 ± 0.59% when the concentration of AgNPs was 128 μg/mL. Thus, the flower extract from J. nudiflorum holds potential as an environmentally friendly and green alternative for the synthesis of AgNPs, which have antifungal and antioxidant potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the synthesis of nanoparticles and their biological evaluation were carried out. A green synthetic approach synthesized silver nanoparticles (AHAgNPs) using an Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf extract. Parameter optimization was performed using Design Expert Ver. 13. The effects of variables like the concentration on the response, particle size, and entrapment efficiency of synthesized AHAgNPs were monitored via analysis of variance. The optimized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the size and shape of nanoparticles. In vitro, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential were determined using standard protocols. The optimized nanoparticles were spherical, with an average 100-110 nm particle diameter. The synthesized nanoparticles showed effective antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. In addition, AHAgNPs showed increased biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is based on optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Manilkara zapota fruit extract, formulation of topical gels, and evaluation for their antimicrobial properties. The results reveal that a reaction temperature of 35 °C and a reaction time of 11 h are the optimum conditions to get spherical AgNPs with a particle size of 100.7 nm and a zeta potential of -26.7 mV. The synthesized AgNPs formulated as topical gels demonstrate a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus niger in comparison to the 0.2% (mass fraction) silver nitrate marketed formulation. The AgNPs loaded gels seem promising and could lead to a useful alternative for treating pathogenic infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles have special plasmonic and antibacterial characteristics that make them efficient in a variety of commercial medical applications. According to recent research, chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles are harmful even in low concentrations. It was crucial to identify appropriate synthesis methods that may have low costs and be nontoxic to the environment. Zingiber officinale (ginger) extracts used to prepare silver nanoparticles were inexpensive and environmentally friendly, and the best physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface Plasmon resonance peak at 425 nm was observed using UV-Visible spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy observed that the nanoparticles were spherical and ranged in size from 5 to 35 nm. The XRD pattern values of 2θ: 38.2o, 46.3o, and 64.58o are used to determine the planes (111), (200), and (220). The silver nanoparticle's existence was verified by the face-centered cubic (FCC). Silver nanoparticles were found to have antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive Staphylococcus and gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella Aerogenes, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was observed using the agar well diffusion (AWD) method at three different concentrations (100 μg/ml, 75 μg/ml, and 50 μg/ml). The zone of inhibition measured against the bacterial strains pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Klebsiella aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus which were (18.4±1.25 mm, 16.9±0.74 mm, 14.8±1.25 mm), (16.8±0.96 mm, 14.6±0.76 mm, 14.0±1.15 mm), (19.7±0.76 mm, 18.2±0.66 mm, 15.4±1.15 mm), (16.6±0.67 mm, 14.2±0.23 mm, 12.8±0.78 mm) and (12±0.68 mm, 10±0.20 mm, 08±0.15 mm). These nanoparticles' potent antibacterial properties may enable them to be employed as nanomedicines for a variety of gram-negative bacterial illness treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts as reducing agents is an environmental friendly and cost-effective approach. This study aims to provide a detailed overview on the antioxidant, antimetastatic and apoptotic potential of leaf derived (L-AgNPs) and callus derived (C-AgNPs) silver nanoparticles of Hyptis suaveolens. The IC50 value of L-AgNPs was found to be 74.22 µg/ml and for C-AgNPs it was 74.66 µg/ml. Antimetastatic potential of both L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs were tested on MDA-MB-231 cell line. Both IC50 concentrations of L-AgNPs (74.22 µg/ml) and maximum concentration of 100 µg/ml was used for all the tests conducted. Similar procedure was adopted for C-AgNPs as well. The maximum adhesion inhibition was 75.64% while cellular invasion reduction was 72.66% and wound recovery was 49.61% with respect to L-AgNPs. C-AgNPs also showed similar type of results as L-AgNPs when compared to control. The antioxidant potential of L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs was tested by using DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity and reducing power. The L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs showed highest antioxidant potential when compared to control. [Display omitted] • Green synthesis of AgNPs and its characterization. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs exhibited maximum antioxidant potential. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs significantly reduced cellular adhesion and invasion. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs inhibited the cell migration. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs increased TUNEL positive cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the simple and environmentally friendly production of AgNPs using Dimrit raisin, grown in Burdur, extract. To optimize the synthesis of AgNPs, a number of variables, including extract concentration, silver solution concentration, synthesis time, and synthesis temperature, were investigated. AgNPs were obtained after 173 h at 1% extract concentration and 10-1 M silver concentration. The structure of the synthesised AgNPs was investigated by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). TEM analysis showed that the majority of the AgNPs had a spherical shape, and the average particle size was 30 nm. Antimicrobial activity was seen against Staphylococcus aureus ATTC43300, Enterococcus faecalis ATTC29212, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Gram-negative Salmonella enterocolitis, E. coli 0157:H7 ATTC 43895, and Escherichia coli ATTC 35150. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impressive role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is well identified for cancer therapy. However, safety concerns have been raised about the adverse effects of high-doses of chemically-synthesized-AgNPs that release many hazardous residues and in turn diminish the anticancer property of AgNPs. Hence, to overcome these side effects and to maintain the anticancer effectiveness of AgNPs at relatively low-doses, the present study utilizes a natural antitumor product Ferula asafoetida (FA) in the preparation of green synthesis of AgNPs and further focuses on its cytotoxic effects, against Lung and Cervical cancer cells. The successful green-synthesis of FA-AgNPs was confirmed via UV–Vis-spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, FTIR and IR. Based on cytotoxicity assay, the average low (6.25 µl) and high (25 µl) doses of FA-AgNPs were observed to cause severe cytotoxic effects on studied cancer cells. Furthermore, our study was also directed to check any possible antitumorigenic-modulatory-effects of low and high doses of FA-AgNPs on the expression of four oncogenes (PIK3CA, KRAS, EGFR and ERBB3). In RT-qPCR analysis, the low and high doses of FA-AgNPs caused significant(p < 0.01) downregulation effects on the expression of PIK3CA and KRAS oncogenes, in treated-cancer cells. This is the first-report on the role of FA-AgNPs that induce strong cytotoxicity with its low-doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]