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Purpose: The European 'Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence' (HELENA) project evaluated two different approaches to harmonize the matching procedures between 24-h recall data and food composition databases. In the first approach, the 24-h recall data were linked to the local/national food composition databases using standardized procedures, while in the second approach, the 24-h recall data were linked to the German BLS database which includes a larger food list. The aim of this paper was to compare the intakes of energy and eight nutrient components calculated via both approaches. Methods: Two non-consecutive 24-h recalls were performed in 1268 adolescents. Energy, carbohydrates, proteins, fat, fiber, water, alcohol, calcium and vitamin C were calculated via the two approaches at individual level. Paired samples t test and Pearson's correlations were used to compare the mean intakes of energy and the eight mentioned nutrients and to investigate the possible associations between the two approaches. Results: Small but significant differences were found between the intakes of energy and the eight food components when comparing both approaches. Very strong and strong correlations (0.70-0.95) were found between both methods for all nutrients. Conclusion: The dietary intakes obtained via the two different linking procedures are highly correlated for energy and the eight nutrients under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Heidelberger Drogenbogen (HDB) is a German language assessment of substance-specific knowledge and consumption patterns of the illicit psychoactive substances cannabis, MDMA (ecstasy), amphetamines, cocaine, and hallucinogens. The behavior modules for each of these five drugs/drug groups allow for a diagnostic evaluation of the extent of harmful consumption behavior. Each of the five modules represents a single standardized test. Objectives: This paper outlines several statistical parameters, Cronbach's alpha, retest reliabilities, as well as numerous validity and cut-off-criteria of the behavioral modules. Methods: Participants (N = 4,794) were recruited at schools, universities, in subcultural contexts, and in institutions of substance abuse treatment. Results: Internal consistencies range from =.68 to.79 while test–retest reliabilities between.87 and.94 were found. The behavior modules of the HDB can discriminate between populations with and without clinical levels of substance use. Furthermore, this measure has incremental validity and higher diagnostic accuracy over competing measures. Conclusions: The behavior modules of the HDB are reliable and valid measures of substance use and misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate barriers to utilisation of cancer rehabilitation by querying a large sample of various professionals in health care with a comprehensive set of barriers. Methods: We developed a questionnaire comprising 55 barriers to utilisation of cancer rehabilitation and administered it to four different types of medical, care and social work experts involved in the referral to cancer rehabilitation. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted and the extracted factors were ranked by mean values. Additionally, ANOVAs were calculated to test for group differences. Results: Our sample (N = 606) consisted of 249 physicians, 194 social workers, 105 nurses and 55 psychologists in Germany. We identified seven barrier‐dimensions: low appreciation of rehabilitation by professionals, insufficient coordination, insufficient application procedure, rehabilitation requirements not met, patients' unfulfilled demands, patients' social responsibilities and patients' coping style, with the latter being rated as the most obstructive thereof. Furthermore, we found statistically significant group differences for six of these factors with small‐ to medium‐sized effects. Conclusion: Our results support previous publications implicating the patients' coping style as a barrier. We furthermore found evidence for barriers relating to processes and organisational issues, thereby expanding on the scope of patient‐oriented publications. Suggestions for improving patients' health services accessibility are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students in psychology are often surveyed for personality. Empirical results show relevance of this topic, because personality influences academic success. In contrast, we know much less about the personality of students of cooperative education. So, we collected data from 5,863 students at Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University in August 2016. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) indicated that gender (partial η² = .06), academic field (partial η² = .01) and covariate university entrance scores (partial η² = .05) have an effect on Big Five personality traits controlling age and social class. The results can be used for selecting students in cooperative education for academic fields and compare them with other types of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the social validity of cognitive-behavioural parent training ( CBPT) delivered in two formats to parents who have children with hyperkinetic disorder ( HKD) with and without medication. Design Compared individual with group treatment as part of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Method Obtained a broad range of evaluations and satisfaction ratings post-treatment and related them to pre-treatment and treatment factors. Results Attendance rates were high in the individual and slightly less in the group training. Levels of satisfaction were high in both treatment arms with large numbers rating the outcomes, the trainers and the overall training very favourably. Medication showed no effect on parental evaluations. Evaluation of outcomes and satisfaction with the trainer emerged as strong predictors of overall programme satisfaction. Conclusion The social validity of cognitive-behavioural parent training for hyperkinetic children was supported by high levels of treatment acceptability across a range of indicators and for children with and without medication. Practitioner points Both forms of treatment delivery lead to high rates of consumer satisfaction., Consumer evaluations of CBPT appear independent of medication for HKD., Course satisfaction is clearly associated with two factors that trainers can affect: The parent-trainer relationship and parents' sense of achievement., Limitations include the following Far more mothers than fathers attended the trainings., Attitudes may differ in other cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have reported MRI abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), although only a few studies have directly compared callosal areas in psychotic versus nonpsychotic patients with this disorder. We sought to compare regional callosal areas in a large international multicentre sample of patients with BD and healthy controls. Methods: We analyzed anatomic T1 MRI data of patients with BD-I and healthy controls recruited from 4 sites (France, Germany, Ireland and the United States). We obtained the mid-sagittal areas of 7 CC subregions using an automatic CC delineation. Differences in regional callosal areas between patients and controls were compared using linear mixed models (adjusting for age, sex, handedness, brain volume, history of alcohol abuse/dependence, lithium or antipsychotic medication status, symptomatic status and site) and multiple comparisons correction. We also compared regional areas of the CC between patients with BD with and without a history of psychotic features. Results: We included 172 patients and 146 controls in our study. Patients with BD had smaller adjusted mid-sagittal CC areas than controls along the posterior body, the isthmus and the splenium of the CC. Patients with a positive history of psychotic features had greater adjusted area of the rostral CC region than those without a history of psychotic features. Limitations: We found small to medium effect sizes, and there was no calibration technique among the sites. Conclusion: Our results suggest that BD with psychosis is associated with a different pattern of interhemispheric connectivity than BD without psychosis and could be considered a relevant neuroimaging subtype of BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this prospective multi-centre study was to evaluate the level of psychological distress ( PD) and adjustment to disease in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, the impact of urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction on PD was assessed. Anxiety, depression and PD were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in 329 prostate cancer patients before surgery as well as 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. These results were compared with those of a male German general population reference group. Adjustment to disease was assessed using the Perceived Adjustment to Chronic Illness Scale. Patients reported low levels of PD at all points of assessment similar to population norms of age-matched German men. Persistent PD was seen in about 8% of the patients and 20% had PD at least two of the measurement points. Relevant predictors for PD after surgery were urinary symptoms and baseline PD. Adjustment to disease was highest before surgery and had significantly reduced at 3 and 6 months after surgery. In general, men are resilient to the experience of localised prostate cancer and adjust well psychologically after surgery. However, between 8% and 20% of patients could possibly benefit from mental health support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]