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Biogas plants achieve its highest yield on plant biomass only with the most efficient hydrolysis of cellulose. This is driven by highly specialized hydrolytic microorganisms, which we have analyzed by investigating enrichment strategies for the isolation of cellulolytic bacteria out of a lab-scale biogas fermenter. We compared three different cultivation media as well as two different inoculation materials: Enrichment on filter paper in nylon bags (in sacco) or raw digestate. Next generation sequencing of the V3/V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA of metagenomic DNA from six different enrichment cultures, each in biological triplicates, revealed an average richness of 48 different OTU's with an average evenness of 0.3 in each sample. β-Diversity of the bacterial community revealed significant differences between the two sampling techniques or the different media used. The isolation attempt of single cellulolytic organisms resulted in several clonal pure cultures. Regardless which medium or inoculation material, well-known cellulolytic key players such as Clostridium cellulosi , Herbinix hemicellulosilytica and Hungateiclostridium thermocellum were among the isolates. The inoculation material as well as the cultivation conditions are crucial to cultivate the representative cellulolytic organisms. Taking raw digestate as inoculation material and using the same material, filtered and sterilized, for supplementing media allowed to imitate the natural habitat. Pre-enrichment of cellulolytic organisms directly in their natural habitat led to significant advantages concerning high diversity and high abundance of unknown cellulolytic organisms, which is a key factor for the isolation of hitherto unknown species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability has been well used (and abused) as "buzz-word", label or language token for certain behavior and action in political, organizational and increasingly in individual communication. Based on critical approaches in language, discourse and communication studies, the paper explores potential processes of normalization of sustainability as a new norm, discusses new theories and methodological variations that can be applied to better understand sustainable development, and offers a theoretical concept for cultivation of sustainability as a dialectic process of questioning and stabilization in transformation and change processes. Complemented by a communication for development and social change perspective, the paper lays the theoretical foundation for an understanding of sustainability as organizing principle in socio-ecological change processes, which is further elaborated in the contributions of this Special Issue, which are introduced at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taxus × media, belonging to the genus Taxus of the Taxaceae family, is a unique hybrid plant derived from a natural crossbreeding between Taxus cuspidata and Taxus baccata. This distinctive hybrid variety inherits the superior traits of its parental species, exhibiting significant biological and medicinal values. This paper comprehensively analyzes Taxus × media from multiple dimensions, including its cultivation overview, chemical composition, and multifaceted applications in the medical field. In terms of chemical constituents, this study delves into the bioactive components abundant in Taxus × media and their pharmacological activities, highlighting the importance and value of these components, including paclitaxel, as the lead compounds in traditional medicine and modern drug development. Regarding its medicinal value, the article primarily discusses the potential applications of Taxus × media in combating tumors, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, and treating diabetes. By synthesizing clinical research and experimental data, the paper elucidates the potential and mechanisms of its primary active components in preventing and treating these diseases. In conclusion, Taxus × media demonstrates its unique value in biological research and tremendous potential in drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fomitopsis betulina, as a macrofungus with both medicinal and dietary applications, is renowned for its rich content of bioactive substances. The recent advancements in research have significantly enhanced our understanding of its polysaccharides, cellulose-degrading enzymes, and wide range of secondary metabolites. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the artificial cultivation techniques and the chemical profiling of over 100 secondary metabolites identified in F. betulina, including terpenoids, phenols, and various other classes. These compounds exhibit notable pharmacological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-malarial effects. Moreover, this review delves into the genomic analysis of F. betulina, focusing on the prediction and classification of terpene synthases, which play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds. This insight is instrumental for potentially facilitating future biochemical studies and pharmaceutical applications. Through this review, we aim to solidify the foundation for future in-depth studies and the development of new drugs derived from this promising natural resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onopordum nervosum subsp. platylepis Murb. is an Asteraceae species found in Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya. It has been studied for its potential use as a vegetable rennet alternative to animal-derived rennet, making it important to understand its germination characteristics. This species often shows low germinability due to dormancy, which limits its large-scale cultivation. In preliminary experiments, many factors were analyzed to evaluate the seed germination of this thistle including physical stratification with abrasive paper and high-temperature water, chemical treatments with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and the exogenous use of the growth regulator gibberellic acid (GA3). Based on the obtained results and subsequent analysis, GA3 and cold stratification durations were selected for the second experiment, which used a full factorial RSM design with three levels for each factor. Additionally, the total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC), and DPPH assay were analyzed during the optimization process and for ungerminated seeds. The findings revealed that 14 days of cold stratification followed by 750 ppm GA3 was the most efficient method for breaking the dormancy of these thistle seeds. The highest TPC was recorded in ungerminated seeds. However, germinated Onopordum nervosum ssp. platylepis seeds showed higher levels of TFC and CTC (14.83 mg QE/g DW and 6.49 mg EC/g DW, respectively) compared to the non-germinated ones and demonstrated the greatest potency in inhibiting free radicals (DPPH EC50 = 0.018 mg/mL) at the identified optimal germination conditions. Ungerminated seeds indicated significant phenolic content (TPC) and a limited ability to reduce oxidants, which could explain their low germination percentage. Our findings on the seed germination and dormancy characteristics of this endemic thistle will aid in the protection and development of its germplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), the deciduous tree species belonging to the Rhamnus family, Ziziphus genus, is priced for its sweet and nutritious fruit. Jujube is an important fruit tree in China and the largest dried fruit tree species. Origin from China, the jujube has a cultivation and utilization history of more than 7000 years. Despite act as a common fruit on Chinese diet, jujube also play very important role as herb in Chinese traditional medicine. Furthermore, jujube also act as a culture symbol in traditional Chinese culture with rich meanings. This paper gives a brief review on Chinese jujube cultivation and utilization, and give prospect of the jujube industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores four-century-old "all-male" kabuki theatre of Japan as the site of logics, mechanisms, and operations of onnagata's gender performance. The term onnagata signifies actors performing women's roles in kabuki, and since the first two and a half centuries of kabuki history overlapped with the time when women were legally expelled from performance activities, male onnagata mostly developed and established the artistry and traditions of onnagata acting. Women resumed kabuki performance when it was still illegal, but that did not cancel this fact. The present article studies kabuki in this historical context in order to investigate how dynamically genders are taking shape on the kabuki stage and off. To that end, this paper uses "cultivation" (a training methodology called shugyô) as a key point of investigation, while paying special attention to female onnagata as a main subject of examination. Cultivation is the training methodology of weight that has long been used and systematized in many circles engaged in activities established in premodern times, such as Buddhism, martial arts, and performing arts, and constitutes a blanket regime for these wide-ranging areas. Cultivation is to obtain and internalize second nature to the extent that it could function as if it were natural, the process of which takes place through two stages: (1) repetitive, long-lasting, personal, and somatic training in, e.g., posture, movements, and the like, and (2) internalization of said technique as second nature. That this cultivation process is congruous with the concept of performativity in contemporary critical theory suggests that an analysis of how female kabuki actors go through cultivation in order to internalize kabuki body grammar, including gender related code can contribute not only to kabuki studies but also to gender studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are plants that have various uses for human health, nutrition, and well-being. They are sources of herbal medicines, dietary supplements, cosmetics, fragrances, spices, and other products. However, the production and utilization of MAPs also pose challenges and opportunities for environmental sustainability and economic viability. This work offers a wide-ranging review of the sustainable practices and circular economy approaches for the valorization of MAPs. The review discusses the importance and value of MAPs, as well as the principles and benefits of the circular economy, a sustainable model that aims to minimize waste and make the most of resources. The review identifies and analyzes various circular economy approaches for valorizing MAPs, like resource optimization through sustainable cultivation, waste minimization in harvesting and processing, closed-loop supply chains, product diversification and upcycling, circular design thinking for MAP-based products, recycling and reusing MAP-based waste, eco-certification and consumer awareness, and collaborative networks and knowledge sharing. The review paper provides examples and case studies of successful implementation of these approaches, as well as the challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use practices face significant pressure due to increased demand and conflicting needs. Several factors contribute to this trend, such as the ever-increasing human population, the increased demand for food production, and the expansion of industrial and agricultural areas. This paper, focused on the cultivation patterns and investigating changes in land use of maize and soybean over time (i.e., both genetically modified and non-genetically modified) in two South African provinces. The objective was to determine whether there was a net increase or decrease in land cover age for these two crops between 2006 and 2017 in the selected study areas. Hence, the study utilized ArcGIS (10.8.1) software to quantify and map the land used for the cultivation of maize and soybean from 2006 to 2017 in Free State and North West provinces. The results show both provinces to have minimal expansion or change in cultivation areas for both maize and soybean between 2006 and 2017. We concluded that both maize and soybean cultivation areas in these provinces, did not expand beyond the current agricultural areas (space), and did not encroach onto new land areas. As a result, both maize and soybean do not currently pose a threat to the surrounding landscape (i.e., natural vegetation) and are not in direct competition with other neighboring land use practices. We recommend that data on the annual planting or cultivation area be consistently gathered, analyzed, and mapped to monitor any alterations that could influence the current findings. This will also assist with any land use planning and management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing yield of Flammulina filiformis, spent mushroom root waste (MRW) has emerged as a major agricultural residue in F. filiformis production. In this paper, MRW was used as a new supplement for substrate mixtures to produce F. filiformis. Thirteen formulations and a control were designed to evaluate 37 cultivation and quality indices, including the physicochemical properties of the substrate, mycelial growth and development, yield, biological efficiency, fruiting body appearance quality, and nutritional quality. The cultivation substrate, including 1% (P4) or 3.1% (P8) MRW, was found to improve the yield and the biological efficiency while having no effect on or even improving some cultivation and nutritional indices, such as the growth rate of the length of the stipe (SLGR), the length of the stipe during harvest time (SL), and the crude fiber content (CFC), crude protein content (CPC) and phenylalanine in the fruiting body, compared with the control. In addition, the content of MRW had a significant impact on 37 cultivation indices except for FWC. However, in terms of correlation, it was only substantially correlated with the content of eight amino acids, four substrate indices, and two growth and development indices. The findings above indicated that adding 1–5% MSW could improve the mycelial growth rate, yield, biological efficiency, and quality of F. filiformis, which was a cost-effective method to recover MSW in a timely manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on how the Hospitallers cultivated the island of Rhodes between 1309 and 1522, drawing on both published and unpublished documents from the Hospitallers' archive on Malta. After their conquest of Rhodes, the Hospitallers not only inherited the available land, but attempted to expand and enhance its productivity and use. This article considers both agricultural and possible recreational spaces, in particular looking at the diverse types of gardens that developed. The paper argues that there were distinct stages to the cultivation of Rhodes, especially apparent in the first half-century of occupation of the island: that is, settlement of Latins and Greeks on the island, which equates to the social cultivation of Rhodes, then bringing uncultivated land into cultivation, the conveying of already cultivated land under Hospitaller control, and finally the maintenance and improvement of farmed lands. This last task was something shared by the many Hospitaller commanderies throughout Europe and continued until their lands were gradually confiscated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article analyzes the market for technologies used to support production processes in directed agriculture. The state of vegetable farming in Poland was analyzed and references were made to the country’s market and economic potential in relation to vegetable cultivation. Also analyzed were the directions of distribution of vegetables on a national and international scale. The vegetable farm surveyed in the case study has been cooperating with a chain of super and hyper markets for several decades. Design/methodology/approach: The subject of observation and profitability assessment included industry reports, technological flowcharts and price calculation using methods of calculating the arithmetic mean based on VAT invoices provided by the surveyed business entity. The presentation and detailed examination of available data took the form of tables and bar charts which were justified descriptively. The source of information for this paper was the subject literature, statistical data and many studies of the Central Statistical Office and Eurostat, reports in the industry section, an interview with the owner of a vegetable farm, an analysis of financial documents made available by the business in question as well as the author’s own observation. The business’s characteristics, revenues, costs and sales market were examined. Also, the machine park of the surveyed business and the level of employment therein were analyzed over the years. Findings: The surveyed farm produces goods for over 10 months a year, which significantly affects the continuity of supplying the customer with fresh vegetables. The article presents the characteristics of the farm and analyzes the production possibilities for individual vegetables. Manufacturing large quantities of goods requires an adequate supply of warehouse space, vegetable processing halls and the necessary human resources. The surveyed farm has been recording a steady increase in investment opportunities as well as introduction and improvement of recycling and ecological activities. Research limitations/implications: The analysis was limited to one vegetable farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship, a critical source of economic development, requires cultivation to carry it forward. From the perspective of culture, which is the root of thought and attitude, this paper lists the successful entrepreneurs both from China and other countries whose management practices have been influenced by Lao-Tzu's philosophy of management, discusses the convergence of that philosophy with entrepreneurship, and highlights the decisive influence of entrepreneurial mindset. It also explores the cultural pathway to cultivation of entrepreneurship, that is, it addresses the shaping of world outlook of "the unity of humanity and nature" and "something and nothing creating each other". The paper considers the life outlook of "taking hearts as my own, selflessness defines me", the value of "respecting and valuing morality" and "staying free from arbitrariness". Following the requirements of the times and regional cultural characteristics, this paper refines the entrepreneurship structure model at four levels: mission-driven responsibility mindset, awe-inspiring arbitrariness-free mindset, symbiotic and win-win altruism mindset and progressive mindset. The objective is to help to promote the creative transformation of contemporary values of traditional culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of magnetic treatment on the productivity of secondary metabolites, growth, and the state of microalgae cultures. This technology offers advantages such as low operating costs, absence of toxic effects, absence of secondary pollution, a wide range of applications, and a long useful life. Despite these advantages, its use in industrial microalgae culture systems has been limited due to the lack of consensus on the mechanisms that explain the observed effects on microalgae. In this paper, the effect of magnetic field treatments on microalgae and cyanobacterial cultures and the possible mechanisms are critically reviewed. However, it is still necessary to conduct more studies directly relating the experimental effects observed with one or several proposed mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Field & Vegetable Crops Research / Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo is the property of Institute of Field & Vegetable Crops and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper provides an overview of castor (Ricinus communis L.) plant characteristics, cultivation, seed harvest, reception, and pretreatment, and oil extraction, refinement, storage, and physicochemical properties, composition, and uses. It focuses on various traditional and novel methods of castor oil extraction and their optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics, and techno-economic, environmental, and social issues. Generally, novel techniques proved higher oil yield in a shorter time than conventional ones. The hybrid ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction provided the highest oil yield, whereas supercritical CO2 extraction showed no effect. The composition and properties of castor oil depend on not only extraction methods but also geographical origin, climate, soil, cultivar, and harvest time. The future perspective involves utilizing the entire biomass in a biorefinery to maximize the value of oil, seed cake, and waste residues. Castor oil production offers opportunities for sustainable development, but challenges must be addressed to ensure sustainability and social responsibility throughout the production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal and aromatic plants are a consistent component of the biodiversity heritage in numerous countries worldwide. Origanum dictamnus L. (Lamiaceae family), also known as Dittany, an endemic plant of the Greek island of Crete, has been widely used as traditional medicine since antiquity, all over Europe. The aim of the present review is to provide a thorough and detailed account of Dittany in antiquity, the plant's physical characteristics and ecology, and its cultivation methods, as well as its chemical components, biological properties, and pharmacological studies. The information is presented and analyzed in a critical manner. A total of 86 research studies were systematically reviewed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings indicate that Dittany is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants, with many uses not only in pharmacology but also in gastronomy. While a large body of literature exists regarding the application of essential oils, the number of publications concerning the plant's cultivation is rather small. Therefore, the main focus of this review is on the cultivation methods and the significance of cultivating and employing Dittany in Greece and the wider Mediterranean region in the future. Further research on this plant species is warranted since it has significant medicinal, economic, and environmental value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of the article is to understand how Chinese parents draw on their learning beliefs and experiences within the Chinese educational context to make decisions about their children's overseas education, as well as analysing how their learning beliefs are similar or different from East Asian or Western learning beliefs. Methods. The study is based on more than 100 in-depth separate interviews with 22 Chinese families conducted over serval years between 2016 and 2019. Based on interpretative phenomenological analysis and discourse analysis, the results are coded according to the theory of values proposed by Clyde Kluckhohn (1951). These learning values are further coded according to whether they are reflective of the American learning model (EALM), Confucian learning model (CLM), and Confucian learning philosophies. Results. The analysis shows that Chinese parents have displayed similar learning beliefs in socialising their children in the family domain, in their disapproval of the Chinese education system, and in their pursuit of a Western overseas education. The Chinese families' pursuit of a Western education for their children are driven by their cultural leaning beliefs, which are rooted in Confucian heritage culture, and which also echo European American heritage cultures. Conclusion. Many researchers tend to emphasise cultural differences in learning, particularly between Confucian heritage and European American heritage cultures. This paper shows the possibilities of cultural learning values shaping educational choices, expands upon the understanding of Confucian heritage culture, and suggests the similarities between the learning cultures of East Asia and the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the traditional uses of 20 medicinal plant species by some ethnic populace of the Angul district of Odisha. This ethnomedicinal study shows that the leaf, root, and fruit are the top three plant parts used. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Lodd. ex G. Don was the only epiphytic species and quite an important medicinal plant on the list. The plants possess a good range of medicinal properties to cure several ailments such as stomach, kidney, liver, cardiac, rheumatism, bone fracture, asthma, and skin problems, used as antidote, appetizer, and also effective for other diseases like fertility, general illness, fever, swellings, throat pain, etc. Large-scale commercial cultivation of these potential medicinal plants in a sustainable way is the urgent need of the hour with direct participation of the local tribal people and equal sharing of benefits and proper credit to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of prolonged trophic acclimation on the subsequent growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii batch cultures was studied. The mixotrophic (light + acetate) acclimation stimulated subsequent growth at both mixotrophy and autotrophy conditions and altered the expression profile of genes encoding enzymes of primary metabolism and plastid transporters. Besides the trophic effect, the influence of Chlamydomonas culture growth stage on gene expression was determined. Under mixotrophic conditions, this effect was most pronounced in the first half of the exponential growth with partial retention of the previous acclimation period traits. The autotrophy acclimation effect was more complex and its significance was enhanced at the end of the growth and in the stationary phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millets are very important plant genetic resources for agriculture sector that extends food security to poor farmers having arid, marginal and poor lands especially in Asia and Africa. Millets are a group of small grain cereal food crops which are highly nutritious and are grown under marginal/low fertile soils with very low inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides. Indian agriculture is highly dependent on monsoon. Millets are also gaining popularity among farmers as climate-friendly, drought-resistant crops which can thrive even on barren soil. These crops are preferable choice of farmers for cultivation under various adverse environments - prone to climatic extremes. Millets are gluten-free and have a low glycemic index, making them a balanced and healthy diet for people suffering from diabetes. An intensive attempt to include millet crops in cropping systems, especially in vulnerable environments, is a positive step towards long-term sustainability. An effort has been made to expand global and regional scope and target for millet production, usage and in this regard, India's proposal to observe an International Year of Millets in 2023 was approved by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) during 2018 and the United Nations General Assembly has declared the year 2023 as the International Year of Millets. In this esteem, the status of millets and their importance is compiled in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Fungus / Mantar Dergisi is the property of Journal of Fungus / Mantar Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the enactment of the Information Infrastructure for the management of migrants in Italy. The recent migration crisis required e-government tools to deal with the management of migrants in Italy, and this paper critically explores how the relevant Italian Authorities put in place a purpose-built government solution, the Information Infrastructure, to better manage and allocate migrants in the Italian Territory. This work closely focuses on the functionalities enacted in the Information Infrastructure, and critically analyses its main characteristics and interoperability. This research derives from a case study which enables the phenomenon to be explored from multiple sources and angles. The findings are explored through the lens of the assemblage framework, which helps to uncover the real nature of this Information Infrastructure, identifying it as an assemblage, a heterogeneous composite which results from the encounter of technology with a spectrum of socio-technical dimensions. Looking at this Information Infrastructure as an assemblage will help to unveil the role of mediation between the various interests and dimensions in the making of the assemblage. In particular, we will argue that the interplay of dimensions has led to an Information Infrastructure that is suboptimal and imperfect by contrast with the original plans because some dimensions fail to recognize the effects of the others. Moreover, we aim to demonstrate that the attempts to design an assemblage that is fully controllable a priori failed because an assemblage is always in-the-making and needs to be continuously cultivated by its actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop yield prediction is among the most important and main sources of income in the Indian economy. In this paper, the improved cat swarm optimization (ICSO) based recurrent neural network (RNN) model is proposed for crop yield prediction using time series data. The inertia weight parameter is added to position equation that is selected randomly, and a new velocity equation is produced which enhances the searching ability in the best cat area. By using inertia weight, the ICSO enhances performance of feature selection and obtains better convergence in minimum iteration. The RNN is applied to produce direct graph using sequence of data and decides current layer output by involving all other existing calculations. The performance of the model is estimated using coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) on the yield from the years 2011 to 2021 with an annual prediction for 120 records of approximately 8 million nuts. The evaluated result shows that the proposed ICSO-RNN model delivers metrics such as R2, MAE, MSE, and RMSE values of 0.99, 0.77, 0.68, and 0.82 correspondingly, which ensures accurate yield prediction when compared with the existing methods which are hybrid reinforcement learning-random forest (RL-RF) and machine learning (ML) methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the components of Chinese college counsellors' mental models in their daily work based on a rich content analysis of the story accounts of 152 exemplary college counsellors over the past 8 years. On the basis of a rigid three‐step coding procedure, this study reveals that Chinese college counsellors' mental models generally comprise four common constituents, namely a love‐filled faith system, a rule‐based thinking system, a professionalism‐based knowledge system and action‐based performance. These components jointly illustrate the general landscape of Chinese college counsellors' internal well‐being and fill a research gap regarding the sparse attention given to counsellors in the global literature on faculty professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper light is essential for the formation and development of macrofungi fruiting bodies. Currently, there are unclear treatment conditions, such as light quality and light intensity, in the production of Pleurotus eryngii in intensive cultivation facilities, which is not helpful to the formation and implementation of standardized production programs. The research discussed in this paper investigated the effects of different light quality and intensity conditions on the yield and quality of P. eryngii. The results showed that the yield and nutritional quality of the red light treatment samples were higher than those of the white light control, the commercial properties were good, and the energy consumption of the red LED light source was the lowest under the same light intensity. The results of this experiment further provide a reference for the energy-saving and high-quality cultivation of P. eryngii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yield of any crop depends on soil moisture. One of the moisture conservation technological methods is fallow in the form of soil mulch with a layer not exceeding a thickness of 5–6 cm. To create this, a harrow utilizing special working devices was designed. This paper presents the results obtained on the dynamics of changes in soil moisture in a fallow field treated with a new harrowing unit compared to a serial cultivator operating at a depth higher than 6 cm. It was observed that the soil moisture in the harrowed area of the fallow field was 1.4 times higher, while the moisture reserves were 2.2 times higher in contrast to the field with the agrotechnical environment, treated with the sweeps of a serial cultivator. The actual soil tillage depth uniformity reached with the new harrowing unit is higher in comparison to that of the basic cultivator unit because, according to the F-test, the dispersion of fluctuations in the field tillage depth by the former (0.64 cm2) is significantly less than that for the latter (3.24 cm2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The microsporidium Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae is an emergent and highly virulent pathogen of the European honey bee. The study of this parasite and the development of new therapies is difficult due to the seasonality of the disease in nature, with a short period of availability of infected individuals for investigation. In this paper, we present and characterize an easy and convenient method for V. ceranae cultivation using artificially infected worker bees under laboratory conditions. Nosemosis type C is a dangerous and widespread disease of the adult European honey bee Apis mellifera and is caused by the spore-forming intracellular parasite Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae. The search for new ways of therapy for this disease is complicated due to the seasonal availability of V. ceranae-infected insects as well as the lack of a developed system for the pathogen's cultivation. By carrying out trials which used different infectious dosages of the parasite, spore storage protocols, host age, and incubation temperatures, we present a simple, safe, and efficient method of V. ceranae propagation in artificially infected worker bees in the laboratory. The method is based on feeding the groups of adult worker bees with microsporidian spores and insect maintenance in plastic bottles at 33 °C. The source of the spores originated from the cadavers of infected insects from the previous round of cultivation, in which the infective spores persist for up to six months. An analysis of five independent cultivation rounds involving more than 2500 bees showed that the proposed protocol exploiting the dosage of one million spores per bee yielded over 60 million V. ceranae spores per bee, and most of the spore samples can be isolated from living insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the knowledge society nowadays, the responsibility of education is not only to impart knowledge to students but also to enable students to have the ability of autonomous learning. Autonomous learning ability is the foundation of all kinds of abilities. Improving college students' autonomous learning ability plays an important role in cultivating high-quality talents and realizing their all-around development. Based on a brief introduction of the connotation of autonomous learning, this paper starts by discussing the necessity of cultivating college students' autonomous learning ability. Then, combined with the questionnaire survey, the paper analyzes the current status of students' autonomous learning ability in application-oriented universities, discusses the deep-seated reasons for undergraduates' lack of autonomous learning ability, and puts forward some countermeasures to cultivate college students' autonomous learning ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper we study of the effect of soil cultivation and mineral fertilizers on protein yield in repeated summer sowing of soybeans in irrigated gray-brown (chestnut colour) soils under the conditions of Samukh region (Azerbaijan). It was determined that due to the effect of soil cultivation and mineral fertilizers, the yield of soybean protein in the field cultivated at the depth of 8-10 cm was 52.4-303.7 kg/ha; in the field cultivated with a disk trowel at the depth of 13-15 cm was 91.6-372, 1 kg/ha; in the 20-22 cm deep plowed area, protein yield increased between 71.0-480.4 kg/ha, compared to the control (without fertilizer) variant. The highest protein yield was obtained in the N60P90K60 norm of mineral fertilizers in all three soils cultivations and in the plowed field at a depth of 20-22 cm among the soil cultivations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equine rhinopneumonitis is an acute, highly contagious disease found virtually worldwide. The purpose of the studies presented in this paper is to develop a technology for the manufacture of a cell‐derived equine rhinopneumonitis vaccine, as well as to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the newly developed vaccine in laboratory animals model. The object of the studies was the AK‐2011 strain isolated from the horses suffering from rhinopneumonitis during an outbreak of abortions. The viability of the AK‐2011 strain was assessed using a continuous line of calf trachea cells, a continuous line of calf kidney cells, a continuous line of sheep kidney cells, a continuous line of bovine kidney cells, a continuous line of green monkey kidney cells, a continuous line of Syrian hamster kidney cells, a primary trypsinized culture of horse kidney cells grown in tubes and flasks and the AK‐2011 laboratory strain of equine rhinopneumonitis virus with biological activity of 6.0 lg TCID50/cm3. Sequencing and polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed. The virus isolated from the ORF68 gene in Kazakhstan appeared to be the most similar to the T‐953 and 2222‐03 strains isolated in the USA and Australia, respectively, in terms of phylogenetics. As to primary infections, cytopathic effects (CPEs) induced by the AK‐2011 virus stain (dilution 101) in calf trachea and horse kidney cell cultures were stable from the first to tenth passages, with biological activity of 5.75‐6.00 lg TCID50/cm3. CPEs caused by the virus were apparent on days 2–3, further developed intensively and extended to 60–80% of the cell monolayer on days 5–7. The vaccine results can be used to immunize horses on farms against rhinopneumonia, and horses should be immunized twice with an interval of 2–3 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flat-panel photobioreactors are effective systems for microalgae cultivation. This paper presents the growth characteristics of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana IPPAS C-1 as a result of three-stage scale-up cultivation in a specially designed cultivation system. First, C. sorokiniana was grown aseptically in 250 mL glass vessels; then, it was diluted and inoculated into a 5-liter flat-panel horizontal photobioreactor; and, at the last stage, the culture was diluted and inoculated into a 70-liter flat-panel vertical photobioreactor. In the presented cycle, the cultured biomass increased by 326 times in 13 days (from 0.6 to 195.6 g dw), with a final biomass concentration of 2.8 g dw L−1. The modes of semi-continuous cultivation were considered. The biomass harvest and dilution of the suspension were carried out either every day or every 3–4 days. For C. sorokiniana IPPAS C-1, a conversion coefficient of optical density values to dry biomass (g L−1) was refined through a factor of 0.33. The key parameters of the photobioreactors tested in this work are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the association between agricultural productivity and religious riots in a setting of an abrupt productivity increase in India. I find heterogeneity in the impacts of the gains across different crop regions. Crop cultivation methods determine the differential allocation of labour to the conflict and agricultural sectors. I show that in the labour-intensive rice growing regions there was a decline in conflict while in the capital-intensive wheat growing regions there was not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an assessment of the naturalisation status all exotic conifers present in New Zealand using existing herbarium specimens as qualifiers. A total; of 371 exotic taxa are confirmed as having been introduced for cultivation which represents 63% of world conifers that are non-native to New Zealand. In strong contrast to indigenous conifers, introduced conifers are predominantly from the Pineaceae and Cupressaceae families. Naturalised conifers are a major issue for southern hemisphere countries, this paper confirms a total of 57 exotic conifer taxa as wild in New Zealand, including 15 new taxa described as wild since the last comprehensive update. Conifers from the Rocky Mountain and Eastern Asiatic Botanical Regions are prominent among introduced taxa, but naturalised taxa frequently originate from Madrean and Circumboreal Regions. Many of the taxa previously reported as wild have expanded their New Zealand range considerably since their distributions were last described. Despite these increases, most exotic conifers in New Zealand likely occupy a relatively small proportion of the area in which they could establish. The ongoing naturalisation and spread of exotic conifers illustrate the significant environmental weed threat posed by this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]