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• The well-formed honeycomb preform and composite were prepared and investigated. • HCWI composite with fine in situ TiC x framework exhibited excellent properties. • Transition zone owned high hardness, low friction coefficient, wear depth and EWF. The well-formed porous Ti 3 AlC 2 preform with honeycomb structure using mold forming method, and TiC x /high chromium white iron (TiC x /HCWI) composite with fine TiC x framework formed by porous Ti 3 AlC 2 preform in situ decomposition using pressureless infiltration method were successfully prepared, respectively. The HCWI composite with fine in situ TiC x framework exhibited excellent properties. The transition zone between framework and HCWI with the highest hardness, the minimum friction coefficient, wear depth and electronic work function (EWF) may protect the whole sample during wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]