1. Autism Spectrum Symptoms in a Tourette's Disorder Sample
- Author
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Darrow, Sabrina M, Grados, Marco A, Sandor, Paul, Hirschtritt, Matthew E, Illmann, Cornelia, Osiecki, Lisa, Dion, Yves, King, Robert A, Pauls, David L, Budman, Cathy L, Cath, Danielle C., Greenberg, Erica, Lyon, Gholson J, McMahon, William M, Lee, Paul C, Delucchi, Kevin L, Scharf, Jeremiah M, Mathews, Carol A, Leerstoel Hout, Experimental psychopathology, Leerstoel Hout, and Experimental psychopathology
- Subjects
Male ,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Autism ,Tourette's disorder ,Comorbidity ,Neurodegenerative ,heritability ,SCHOOL-CHILDREN ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Tourette syndrome ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Child ,SCALE ,Pediatric ,GENERAL-POPULATION ,Social communication ,Middle Aged ,PREVALENCE ,OVERLAP ,obsessive-compulsive disorder ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mental Health ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Female ,Psychology ,TRAITS ,Clinical psychology ,Adult ,Tics ,Adolescent ,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) ,autism ,Developmental & Child Psychology ,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,TIC DISORDERS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Humans ,Adhd symptoms ,PHENOMENOLOGY ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Neurosciences ,PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS ,medicine.disease ,Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ,COMORBIDITIES ,Brain Disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Etiology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Tourette Syndrome - Abstract
Objective: Tourette's disorder (TD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share clinical features and possibly an overlapping etiology. The aims of this study were to examine ASD symptom rates in participants with TD, and to characterize the relationships between ASD symptom patterns and TD, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Method: Participants with TD (n = 535) and their family members (n =234) recruited for genetic studies reported TD, OCD, and ADHD symptoms and completed the Social Responsiveness Scale Second Edition (SRS), which was used to characterize ASD symptoms.Results: SRS scores in participants with TD were similar to those observed in other clinical samples but lower than in ASD samples (mean SRS total raw score = 51; SD = 32.4). More children with TD met cut-off criteria for ASD (22.8%) than adults with TD (8.7%). The elevated rate in children was primarily due to high scores on the SRS Repetitive and Restricted Behaviors (RRB) subscale. Total SRS scores were correlated with TD) (r = 0.27), OCD (r = 0.37), and ADHD (r = 0.44) and were higher among individuals with OCD symptom-based phenotypes than for those with tics alone.Conclusion: Higher observed rates of ASD among children affected by ID may in part be due to difficulty in discriminating complex tics and OCD symptoms from ASD symptoms. Careful examination of ASD-specific symptom patterns (social communication vs. repetitive behaviors) is essential. Independent of ASD, the SRS may be a useful tool for identifying patients with TD with impairments in social communication that potentially place them at risk for bullying and other negative sequelae.
- Published
- 2017