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Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for the development of novel antibacterial agents with reduced environmental impact. In this study, we present a novel green synthesis approach for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a plant-based extract. These AgNPs were subsequently characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs by exhibiting a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at around 401 and 420 nm. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs, with distinct diffraction peaks corresponding to the face-centered cubic structure of silver. TEM analysis demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape and exhibited an average size within the nanoscale range. FTIR analysis was employed to elucidate the potential bioactive compounds present in the plant extract responsible for the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. Furthermore, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of these synthesized AgNPs against a panel of bacterial isolates. All the bacterial isolates were sensitive to the silver nanoparticles. Staphylococcus aureus as found to be most resistant, while E. coli as found to be the most sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First ever report of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. callus mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. • The seeds were germinated in-vitro in the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium and the in-vitro leaf was used as an explant to induce callus. • Callus was induced using various types of auxins and cytokinin's at different concentrations. The best responded callus was sub cultured and used for the study. • The antibacterial activity assay was performed against gram positive Bacilus velezensis (Accession no. MW219533) and gram-negative escherichia coli cultures. • highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (84.8%) and B. velezensis (78.1%) was shown by 0.5 mg/L pic and 2.0 mg/L BAP callus mediated AgNPs. In this paper, we describe the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts, as well as their structural, optical, and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus velezensis bacteria. For the study, several sections (root, leaves, and seed) of Mucuna pruriens , an immense medicinal herbal used to treat Parkinson's disease, were evaluated. Also, the seeds were grown in-vitro in the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium and the leaf derived callus supplemented by different phytohormones like picloram (pic), thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-iP) were selected for this study. This is the first report of distinct callus obtained from M. pruriens and used for green nanoparticle synthesis. The prepared materials were thoroughly evaluated for structural and optical properties using XRD, FTIR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. During synthesis, the colour changes from colourless to reddish brown, and the existence of an SPR peak in the absorption spectra confirms the formation of AgNPs. The FTIR spectra reveals the presence of phenolic group and alkyl ether groups, which were responsible for the reduction of silver ions during the green synthesis. The aqueous extracts of plant parts and callus obtained from different hormones showed very poor antibacterial activity. However, the green synthesized nanoparticles fabricated by different plant extracts showed good antimicrobial activity towards E. coli and B. velezensis bacteria. amongst the investigated results, highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli (84.8%) and B. velezensis (78.1%) was shown by AgNPs mediated by leaf extracts respectively followed by 0.5 mg/L pic and 2.0 mg/L BAP callus mediated silver nanoparticle solution. According to the findings, green produced AgNPs are promising candidates for antibacterial applications against E. coli and B. velezensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Environmentally benign silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized at different temperatures using leaf extract of Platycodon grandiflorum. The apparent UV–Vis spectrum maxima clearly displayed plasmon resonance bands at 442 and 457 nm for nanoparticles synthesized at 37 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The morphology of Ag NPs were investigated by FESEM, FETEM and AFM analysis and the results showed the formation of uniform spherical nanoparticles with average sizes of 19 and 21 nm for Ag NPs produced at 37 °C and 50 °C, respectively, with slightly larger nanoparticles formed at 50 °C owing to agglomeration. Further characterization by XRD, XPS, and FTIR confirmed their crystal nature, while stability was confirmed by zeta potential analysis. The strong XRD diffraction pattern confirmed the face-central cubic crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. Moreover, XPS revealed Ag 3d doublet (3d 5/2 and 3d 3/2) with C1s peaks of the catalysts that were turned into C H (283.68) C C, C C (284.16 eV), C O (285.34 eV), and C O (288.55 eV). The O1s spectra were also exhibited with binding energy at 530.94, 531.96 and 532.53 for AgO, C O and C O, respectively, and FTIR confirmed the peaks of plant extract appeared on Ag NPs. Overall, Ag NPs synthesized at 50 °C had good shape and structure with a high stability (−5.23). The nanoparticles also exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The biosynthesized Ag NPs have the potential for use in various applications, particularly in the field of biomedicine. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • AgNPs were synthesized from balloon flower plant at different temperature. • Monodispersed and uniform spherical nanoparticles were synthesized. • AgNPs morphology was investigated by FE-SEM, FE-TEM and AFM analysis. • AgNPs from P. grandiflorum shows strong inhibition against gram positive bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]