10 results on '"Fine, Philip"'
Search Results
2. Antisemitism and the left: On the return of the Jewish question
- Author
-
Robert Fine, Philip Spencer and Robert Fine, Philip Spencer
- Published
- 2017
3. Neuropathic pain in a rehabilitation setting after spinal cord injury: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of inpatients’ experiences
- Author
-
Hearn, Jasmine Heath, Finlay, Katherine Anne, Fine, Philip A., and Cotter, Imogen
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Creativity and Leisure During COVID-19: Examining the Relationship Between Leisure Activities, Motivations, and Psychological Well-Being.
- Author
-
Morse, K. F., Fine, Philip A., and Friedlander, Kathryn J.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL well-being ,COVID-19 ,LEISURE ,SOCIAL distancing ,SOCIAL advocacy - Abstract
Social distancing policies have been implemented around the world to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These measures have included temporary restrictions on mass gatherings and the closure of public facilities, limiting the pursuit of leisure activities such as travel while allowing more time for at-home pursuits, including creative activities such as gardening and painting. Previous research has demonstrated the benefits of physical activity for psychological well-being during COVID-19, but less attention has been given to the potential benefits of creative pursuits, such as arts and music. The present study investigated changes in the pursuit of creative, non-creative, and physical leisure activities and the relationship between engaging in leisure, the motivations for and barriers to pursuing these activities, and psychological well-being during COVID-19. A total of 3,827 participants from 74 countries completed an online leisure activities questionnaire and the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index. Logistic regression indicated that gender, age, social distancing adherence, and employment status significantly predicted leisure engagement during COVID-19. Compared to sports and outdoor pursuits, participation in creative activities was generally more likely to increase during this period, while participation in non-creative activities was less likely to increase. Multiple linear regression indicated that maintaining or increasing time on leisure activities significantly predicted well-being during COVID-19, with increased time spent on home crafts and artisanship, fine arts, musical and performing arts engagement, sports and outdoor pursuits, niche and IT interests, and language activities each predicting higher well-being outcomes. Motivations such as seeking creative expression and mental stimulation, keeping fit, and maintaining social connections also predicted higher well-being. These findings suggest that participation in both physical and creative leisure activities may offer protective benefits for well-being during COVID-19, and that strategies to promote engagement in creative activities should also be considered in future guidance for mental health during periods of lockdown or isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Responsive high-resolution air quality index mapping using model, regulatory monitor, and sensor data in real-time.
- Author
-
Schulte, Nico, Li, Xiang, Ghosh, Jo Kay, Fine, Philip M, and Epstein, Scott A
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Editorial: Novel Approaches for Studying Creativity in Problem-Solving and Artistic Performance.
- Author
-
Fine, Philip A., Danek, Amory H., Friedlander, Kathryn J., Hocking, Ian, and Thompson, William Forde
- Subjects
CREATIVE ability ,PROBLEM solving ,EYE movement measurements ,PUPILLOMETRY - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. “The Penny Drops”: Investigating Insight Through the Medium of Cryptic Crosswords.
- Author
-
Friedlander, Kathryn J. and Fine, Philip A.
- Subjects
LITERARY settings ,INSIGHT ,COINS ,DROPLETS ,ANAGRAMS - Abstract
A new protocol for eliciting insight (“Aha!”/Eureka) moments is proposed, involving the solving of British-style cryptic crosswords. The mechanics of cryptic crossword clues are briefly explained, and the process is set into the insight literature, with parallels being drawn between several different types of cryptic crossword clues and other insight-triggering problems such as magic, jokes, anagrams, rebus, and remote association puzzles (RAT), as well as “classic” thematic or spatial challenges. We have evidence from a previous survey of cryptic crossword solvers that the “Aha!” moment is the most important driver of continued participation in this hobby, suggesting that the positive emotional “payback” has an energizing effect on a participant's motivation to continue solving. Given the success with which a good quality cryptic crossword elicits “Aha!” moments, cryptics should prove highly valuable in exploring insight under lab conditions. We argue that the crossword paradigm overcomes many of the issues which beset other insight problems: for example, solution rates of cryptic crossword clues are high; new material can easily be commissioned, leading to a limitless pool of test items; and each puzzle contains clues resembling a wide variety of insight problem types, permitting a comparison of heterogeneous solving mechanisms within the same medium. Uniquely among insight problems, considerations of expertise also come into play, allowing us to explore how crossword solving experts handle the deliberate misdirection of the cryptic clue more effectively than non-expert, but equally experienced, peers. Many have debated whether there is such a thing as an “insight problem”
per se : typically, problems can be solved with or without insight, depending on the context. We argue that the same is true for cryptic crosswords, and that the key to the successful triggering of insight may lie in both the difficulty of the challenge and the degree to which misdirection has been used. Future research is outlined which explores the specific mechanisms of clue difficulty. This opens the way to an exploration of potential links between solving constraints and the experiencing of the “Aha!” moment, which may shed light on the cognitive processes involved in insight solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Grounded Expertise Components Approach in the Novel Area of Cryptic Crossword Solving.
- Author
-
Friedlander, Kathryn J. and Fine, Philip A.
- Subjects
CROSSWORD puzzles ,COGNITIVE ability ,PROBLEM solving ,INTELLECT ,ALGEBRA - Abstract
This paper presents a relatively unexplored area of expertise research which focuses on the solving of British-style cryptic crossword puzzles. Unlike its American "straight-definition" counterparts, which are primarily semantically-cued retrieval tasks, the British cryptic crossword is an exercise in code-cracking detection work. Solvers learn to ignore the superficial "surface reading" of the clue, which is phrased to be deliberately misleading, and look instead for a grammatical set of coded instructions which, if executed precisely, will lead to the correct (and only) answer. Sample clues are set out to illustrate the task requirements and demands. Hypothesized aptitudes for the field might include high fluid intelligence, skill at quasi-algebraic puzzles, pattern matching, visuospatial manipulation, divergent thinking and breaking frame abilities. These skills are additional to the crystallized knowledge and word-retrieval demands which are also a feature of American crossword puzzles. The authors present results from an exploratory survey intended to identify the characteristics of the cryptic crossword solving population, and outline the impact of these results on the direction of their subsequent research. Survey results were strongly supportive of a number of hypothesized skill-sets and guided the selection of appropriate test content and research paradigms which formed the basis of an extensive research program to be reported elsewhere. The paper concludes by arguing the case for a more grounded approach to expertise studies, termed the Grounded Expertise Components Approach. In this, the design and scope of the empirical program flows from a detailed and objectively-based characterization of the research population at the very onset of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The biopsychosocial factors associated with pain in people with spinal cord injury
- Author
-
Tilley, Margaret P., Finlay, Katherine, and Fine, Philip
- Subjects
BF Psychology - Abstract
Background: It is estimated that over 62% of people with a spinal cord injury (SCI) experience chronic pain, (Ullrich, Jensen, Loesser & Cardenas, 2007). Much research has demonstrated that a variety of biopsychosocial factors can impact on pain outcomes (Tran, Dorstyn & Burke, 2016) and, consequently on adjustment to injury. It is also well established that cognitive appraisal of SCI impacts on psychological adjustment during rehabilitation (Eaton, Jones & Duff, 2018). SCI pain is unusually resistant to standard pain management programmes (Perry, Nicholas & Middleton, 2010). However, the development of a tailored programme requires a profile of the biological, psychological, and social characteristics of chronic pain sufferers with SCI, but the existing knowledge base is fragmented. This study aimed to investigate how biopsychosocial factors interact to impact on pain-related outcomes for people with SCI. Method: A longitudinal, multiple assessment-point design was used with 60 spinal cord injured in-patients at the NSIC, Stoke Mandeville. Participants were asked to complete a set of two pain and six psychological assessments at three different time points over a nine-month period, and to provide salivary samples on each occasion to assess concentration levels of cortisol. Additionally, a cross-sectional study using the same questionnaires and cortisol sampling was undertaken with 47 out-patients, who had been discharged a minimum of two years previously from the NSIC. Cohen's (2009) power primer was used to calculate sample size. Independent t-tests measured differences between in-patient and out-patient groups on each questionnaire. Multiple regression was used to determine which biopsychosocial factors have greater predictive power in accounting for a range of functional, affective and sensory pain outcomes, highlighting how variables may individually and in combination influence the pain experience. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess how the data changed over time and each measure was additionally correlated with time since injury. Additional exploratory analyses were undertaken to see whether pain catastrophising, appraisal of injury and pain acceptance mediated the effects of the other biopsychosocial variables on the pain outcomes. Lastly, multiple regressions explored whether the psychosocial variables predicted the way in which the injury was appraised. Results: Out-patients appraised their injury more negatively (p = .04) and had lower determined resilience (p = .05) than in-patients at time one. They also demonstrated less pain acceptance (p = .04) and received fewer solicitous responses from a significant other person (p = .01). In-patients at time three had higher depression scores than out-patients (p = .006). In the multiple regression analyses, negative psychological variables predicted pain intensity (p = .002-.005), interference from pain (p = .001), and pain-related distress (p = .001). Positive psychological variables did not predict pain intensity but did predict pain interference (p = .029 - .071) and distress (p < .001). The way a significant other responded to the individual in pain did not predict pain intensity but did predict life interference (p = .001) and distress (p = .018 - .049). Cortisol did not predict any of the pain outcomes directly. Of all the variables, cortisol concentration was only significantly related to pain catastrophising (p = .008). The in-patient longitudinal analysis showed that over the three time points determined resilience decreased (p < .001), and depression scores increased (p = .025). The magnification sub scale of pain catastrophizing also increased between the first and second time point (p = .021). Time since injury was positively correlated with mental defeat (p = .047) and the helplessness sub scale of pain catastrophizing (p = .010), and negatively correlated with cortisol concentration levels (p = .001). In the mediation analyses, pain catastrophizing and appraisal of injury mediated the effects of most of the biopsychosocial variables on a wide range of pain outcomes. Pain catastrophizing was most influential on sensory and functional pain outcomes, and injury appraisal had greater effects on affective and functional outcomes. Pain acceptance was not influential as a mediating variable. In the final multiple regression analyses, the psychosocial variables were entered into regression models to see if they would predict the way the spinal injury was appraised. The psychological variables model (catastrophizing, acceptance, perceived stress, anxiety and mental defeat) predicted catastrophic negativity (p < .001) and determined resilience (p < .001). The way a significant person responded to the individual in pain did not predict catastrophic negativity with regard to injury appraisal but did predict determined resilience (p = .001). Conclusion: The results of this study clearly indicate that biopsychosocial variables combine and interact to affect the consequences of pain for people with spinal cord injury. Pain treatment programmes that fail to take account of each of the components of the biopsychosocial model will not be addressing all of the factors associated with the pain experience, and this will have a negative impact for those in pain. This is especially concerning as the study found that psychosocial variables worsen on transition to the community. Appraisal of injury and pain catastrophizing are particularly influential, both as predictors and mediators, so focusing on these factors in pain management could improve pain outcomes and injury adjustment for people with spinal cord injury.
- Published
- 2019
10. Making myself understood: perceived factors affecting the intelligibility of sung text.
- Author
-
Fine PA and Ginsborg J
- Abstract
Singing is universal, and understanding sung words is thought to be important for many listeners' enjoyment of vocal and choral music. However, this is not a trivial task, and sung text intelligibility is probably affected by many factors. A survey of musicians was undertaken to identify the factors believed to have most impact on intelligibility, and to assess the importance of understanding sung words in familiar and unfamiliar languages. A total of 143 professional and amateur musicians, including singers, singing teachers, and regular listeners to vocal music, provided 394 statements yielding 851 references to one or more of 43 discrete factors in four categories: performer-related, listener-related, environment-related and words/music-related. The factors mentioned most frequently in each of the four categories were, respectively: diction; hearing ability; acoustic; and genre. In more than a third of references, the extent to which sung text is intelligible was attributed to the performer. Over 60% of respondents rated the ability to understand words in familiar languages as "very important," but only 17% when the text was in an unfamiliar language. Professional musicians (47% of the sample) rated the importance of understanding in both familiar and unfamiliar languages significantly higher than amateurs but listed fewer factors overall and fewer listener-related factors. The more important the respondents rated understanding, the more performer-related and environment-related factors they tended to list. There were no significant differences between the responses of those who teach singing and those who do not. Enhancing sung text intelligibility is thus perceived to be within the singer's control, at least to some extent, but there are also many factors outside their control. Empirical research is needed to explore some of these factors in greater depth, and has the potential to inform pedagogy for singers, composers, and choral directors.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.