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This article tests the impact of state environmental regulatory stringency on firms' allocation of production across states using plant-level U.S. Census data for the paper industry during 1967–2012. We model firms' production shares in each state with a conditional logit specification, testing several measures of state regulatory stringency and controlling for other state characteristics. Firms with relatively low compliance rates are more likely to avoid stringent states compared to firms with the highest compliance rates. This is consistent with our theoretical model when firms' compliance decisions are affected more by differences across their costs, rather than their benefits, of compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation and sustainability are both at the forefront of current supply chain developments. However, the specific mechanisms of how digital transformation and green supply chain development interact still need to be clarified, which can help supply chain business operators to enhance supply chain sustainability more effectively. This paper focuses on how the companies' organization structure and the socio-economic environment interact with digital technologies under the process of green supply chain development. Based on the "Technology–Organization–Environment" (TOE) framework, this paper analyze how digital transformation can drive green supply chain development. To test the TOE theoretical analysis framework, this paper calculates the digital transformation and green supply chain development index at the provincial level in China and conducts an empirical study. The main findings and implications of this paper can be summarized in the following aspects: First, according to the TOE theory, the external environment dimensions, such as the market and policy environments, affect the role of digital technology in promoting GSC development. Second, in the organizational dimensions, labor–capital relations, company size, and ownership factors can all affect the contribution of digital transformation to green supply chains. Third, there are differences in the impact of different types of digitization technologies on GSC development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitalization era of public relations is increasingly affecting the means of presenting information about the economic activities of an enterprise, in particular financial, in the context of a global pandemic, which was caused by the global COVID-19. Increasingly, in our environment, there is a transition from paper to electronic information carriers. The financial information generated by business entities both in Ukraine and in the world as a whole is no exception. The purpose of the study is to systematize the existing digital formats for presenting financial information as a basis for analyzing and auditing the business activities of enterprises in Ukraine. The basis of the study is the methodological recommendations on the use of Taxonomy UA XBRL IFRS, instructions for the revision of the Ukrainian IFRS taxonomy, specialized software products, legislative framework of Ukraine. The following methods were used: graphical (to visualize the results of the study), and grouping (to systematize the advantages and disadvantages of software that uses tax services to conduct e-audits). Digital formats for the presentation of financial information were analyzed. They are the basis for the analysis and audit of the enterprise's activities. The structure and characteristics of the legal framework for the disclosure of financial information in electronic XBRL format in Ukraine were given. Comparative analysis of financial information in digital format XBRL and SAF-T UA were carried out. It has been determined that XBRL can be used as a basis for analyzing financial information in electronic format using special software, for example, to assess the financial condition, calculate indicators of financial stability, liquidity, solvency, business activity, enterprise profitability, etc. It has been proved that the electronic format of financial information SAF-T UA is used when conducting an electronic audit (e-audit) of taxpayers, and can also be used to calculate the tax burden (tax return, tax efficiency ratio) used by the State Tax Service of Ukraine for the purpose of control completeness of calculation and payment of relevant taxes and fees to the state budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an editorial from the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, discussing the need for new approaches to business network development in the face of global disruptions. The editorial introduces a special section of the journal that includes five papers exploring different aspects of business network development. The papers cover topics such as organizational networking processes in emerging markets, the role of guanxi networking in export performance, the influence of informal networking on B2B relational outcomes, the drivers of geographical indication food supply chain networks, and the concept of agency in business networks. The editorial also highlights potential future research directions in the field of business network development. [Extracted from the article]

This paper deals with the application of the 6S method in a selected industrial enterprise, the subject of activity of which is the production, design and development of technical fabrics from synthetic, natural and metallic materials; production of semi-finished products for paper screens. It is an application of the six steps of Separation, Systematization, Purification, Standardization, Self-discipline and Occupational Health and Safety. The analysis of the organization's individual sites revealed deficiencies at three sites in the metal fabrication department and one site in the weaving department of the weave union. The individual steps of the 6S method and the individual actions within these steps are the content of the paper. The proper implementation of the 6S method has led to improvements in the functioning of the individual workplaces in the organisation under study, and the method has become part of the company culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On average, firms with patents enjoy up to 7.0 percent lower ETRs, with the most significant tax benefits accruing to multinational firms compared to domestic firms. We find that companies engaging in greater tax avoidance before the TCJA, companies subject to greater media scrutiny, and companies headquartered in Democratic states are more likely to overstate than understate initial transition tax estimates, possibly to appear as though they pay their fair share of tax. Specifically, we find that relative to unaffected U.S. firms, affected firms experience a decrease in leverage of about 7.6 percent of assets, corresponding to about $330 million per firm and $84.8 billion for the treatment sample of 257 firms. Sarah Khalil, Miles Romney, and Steven Utke Goodwill is a large and important component of firms' balance sheets, and goodwill impairments are costly to firms. [Extracted from the article]

Both theoretical and empirical research studies the factors influencing firms' location choices. This paper presents a new viewpoint by considering relationship continuity to explain small‐scale relocations and relocations of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), which represent the majority of firms. The influences of firms' relationships with financing institutions are studied using a two‐stage nested logit model. Consequently, the positive effect of relationships on location choices is revealed and the factors preventing firms from moving are described. The model is valid for estimating relocations to medium‐sized cities, and the influences on shrinking firms as opposed to expanding firms are especially strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can firms establish competitive advantages using artificial intelligence (AI)? Although AI is beginning to permeate business activities, our understanding of how AI can be used to create unique value is limited. To address this void, I introduce the concept of situated AI and illuminate its importance for establishing AI-driven competitive advantages. The paper highlights the organizational activities involved in situating AI—specifically, grounding, bounding, and recasting. It also explains the conditions in which these situating activities better enable firms to develop AI-driven capabilities that are firm-specific, cost-effective, and appropriate for opportunities in the strategic environment. Thus, this paper provides an integrative framework for connecting a firm's AI pursuits to competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many journal editors will state that impact factors are imperfect measures of success as they proudly post annual impact factors for their journals. On top of that, customer attention is driven by the need of supply chain managers to cope with an ongoing set of challenges and disruptions, including war, inflation and extreme weather. The supply chain team owning ESG targets is an exciting expansion of scope and opportunity to add value. [Extracted from the article]

Harald J. Amberger, Eva Eberhartinger, and Matthias Kasper A growing body of research suggests that financial decisions with tax implications (tax decisions) may be subject to decision biases. Knowledge Sharing in Auditor-Provided Tax Services: Experiences of Audit and Tax Personnel Candice T. Hux, Jean C. Bedard, and Tracy J. Noga Research generally finds positive audit and tax outcomes associated with auditor-provided tax services (APTS), attributing knowledge sharing (KS) between tax and audit as the underlying cause. However, theoretical work and research on book-tax tradeoffs and reputational costs indicate that some firms have tax planning goals besides minimizing cash taxes paid. Our main hypothesis is that resource constraints induce a tax-rate bias in tax decisions because the economic effects of tax rates are more intuitive and simpler to identify than the economic effects of the tax base. [Extracted from the article]

Overall, we find that tax benefits granted to significant but struggling firms generate limited economic benefits to those firms, underscoring the importance of firms' specific circumstances on the economic effects of targeted tax benefits. In additional experimental conditions, we include information about both tax management and the firm's performance in a non-tax CSR issue, and our results suggest both tax management and performance in a non-tax CSR issue affect perceived managerial quality, which in turn impacts the investor's willingness to invest. Although the RSTR provided a significant cash infusion for qualifying firms, the market response findings suggest that investors did not view the refund as meaningfully improving these firms' chance of success. [Extracted from the article]

This paper takes the establishment of the Green Financial Reform and Innovation Pilot Zone (GFPZ) in 2017 as a natural experiment, adopts the data of a-share industrial listed enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2020, and utilizes the difference-in-differences (DID) method to carry out empirical tests. The results show that (1) GFPZ policy significantly improves the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of enterprises, and the positive effect is mainly realized by improving the external financing ability and green-technology innovation level of enterprises. (2) There is heterogeneity in the impact of GFPZ policy on the ESG performance of firms with different equity natures and internal control levels. (3) Green finance promotes active corporate social responsibility, and it can further improve environmental governance in the regions where it operates. This paper provides a useful supplement to the comprehensive understanding of green-finance policy effects and ESG impact factors, and it is of great significance in mitigating the negative environmental and social externalities caused by the excessive pursuit of economic benefits by enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the most direct way to guide and support the transformation and upgrading of grain enterprises, government subsidies have an important orientation for the transformation and development of Chinese grain enterprises and the improvement of new quality productivity. Based on the data of 136 grain listed companies and NEEQ listed companies from 2015 to 2022, this paper empirically tests the impact of government subsidies on the new productivity of grain enterprises and its transmission mechanism. The research results show that government subsidies have significantly improved the new productivity of grain enterprises. The analysis of the mechanism of action finds that government subsidies have promoted the improvement of new productivity of enterprises by optimizing the structure of human capital and improving the absorptive capacity of enterprises. Further research shows that the higher the degree of product market competition, the lower the tax burden of enterprises, and the government subsidy exceeds the threshold value of 8.9685, the greater the effect of government subsidy on the improvement of new quality productivity of enterprises. The economic consequence test shows that government subsidies can promote the new productivity of grain enterprises and effectively improve the total factor productivity of enterprises. The research in this paper provides relevant enlightenment for the Chinese government to strengthen project planning, strengthen resource coordination, and implement scientific and accurate policies in the new round of fiscal and taxation system reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, digital transformation is having various impacts on enterprises around the world, including the green innovation. However, the current literature on the relationship between digitalization and green innovation in enterprises is scarce. What is the relationship between them, and whether heterogeneous environmental regulation has mediating effects, are questions that are worth exploring. Using a sample of listed manufacturing enterprises in China, this paper empirically tests the impact of digital transformation on enterprise green innovation. The results show that: (1) Digital transformation has a significant positive impact on green innovation, including green innovation output and green innovation capability. (2) Diverse environmental regulation may have mediating effects of digital transformation's influence on green innovation. (3) After a number of robustness tests, the conclusions are still valid. This paper can provide a reference for developing green development strategies for manufacturing enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It thus appears that the relationships and services provided by software solutions firms change according to the digital maturity of the recipient, connecting the DT of firms with the development of their supplier relationships. In making such a case comparison, the authors found that the value added to the firm's competitive advantage by data differs between the firms in different phases of DT. This special issue aims to explore digitalisation and digital transformation (DT) in a B2B setting. The paper by Carla Cleira Ferreira and Frida Lind also describes how a digitally immature firm began to use more digitally mature firms, such as IoT suppliers, to aid it in its DT. [Extracted from the article]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular economy (CE) has garnered increasing attention in political circles and practitioner literature thanks to its potential to overcome the harmful consequences of linear patterns of growth. Nonetheless, the adoption of sustainable practices entails a holistic approach requiring businesses to make significant changes to their production, technologies and stakeholder management. These challenges resulted in limited progress in terms of the practical implementation of CE. This paper addresses the need for more literature focused on the pragmatic aspects of applying this paradigm to incumbent firms. The author presents the journey that Lucart S.p.A., a major European tissue paper manufacturer, has undertaken between 2014 and 2020 to apply CE principles to its practices. Insights from the transformation process, reconstructed through interviews with the firm's management and environmental impact data, suggest that to succeed it takes innovating (plants, products and marketing strategies) and setting up supply chains that reconcile environmental and economic sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an examination of the relationship between international operations and corporate R&D investment. Using a large sample of Chinese listed firms for the 2009–2022 period and the ordinary least squares method, we find that international operations have a positive effect on corporate R&D investment. The finding remains valid after a battery of robustness tests. Mechanism tests show that international operations increase corporate R&D investment by diversifying product demand instead of increasing firms' international knowledge acquisition. This paper provides new evidence on the role of international operations in innovation activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically examines the learning-by-exporting theory from a new angle: how firms innovate. Two different innovation strategies are studied. One is independent innovation if a firm conducts in-house research and development activities on its own and the other is spillover innovation if a firm adopts external technologies and knowledge from the others. Global firm-level data were acquired from the latest 2017–19 Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey. The learning-by-exporting effect is interpreted as a positive effect of firms' exports on their productivity, which is estimated semi-parametrically. After implementing a three-step estimation method that addresses endogeneity, the learning-by-exporting effect was found to be importantly subject to firms' innovation strategies. Learning-by-exporting can only be significantly and robustly detected among firms with spillover innovation, whereas exports cannot always enhance independent innovators' performance. Further heterogeneity tests support this finding. This paper suggests that the learning-by-exporting effect is essentially a technology spillover process, and it highlights the importance of both independent and spillover innovation that must be implemented and regulated properly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of takeover defenses changes with different firm characteristics. In the paper, I examine the interactions of firm characteristics with the value of takeover defenses. The results show that the relationship between firm value and takeover defenses differs in firm age, monitoring costs, advising needs, and their interactions. Takeover defenses are not necessarily more detrimental for older firms. Instead, takeover defenses are more harmful for older firms with higher monitoring costs, but the adverse impact is positively moderated for older firms with higher advising needs. Thus, the influence of firm age on the value of takeover defenses depends on a firm's monitoring costs and advising needs. The findings of the paper present consistent evidence that takeover defenses have a heterogeneous impact for firms with different firm characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TEME: Casopis za Društvene Nauke is the property of TEME: Casopis za Drustvene Nauke and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We examine 468 experimental auditing research papers that were published in ten leading accounting and auditing journals from 1991–2015 to address three key issues. First, we consider the trends in experimental auditing research and find that while the total number of papers published in the leading journals has expanded, the percentage of experimental auditing papers has decreased substantially. Second, in order to support evidence-based standard-setting and regulation, and to identify the audit quality issues that have been addressed, we map this research to the IAASB Framework for Audit Quality. We find that the majority of studies have concentrated on the processing stage of the Framework and at both the engagement and firm levels. Third, breaking our period of study into five five-year blocks, we observe a significant evolution in experimental research over the 25 years of our study, as evidenced by trends in the topics examined, types of participants used, and data collection approaches used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important way to expand financing channels, the listing can significantly improve the enterprises' comprehensive competitiveness. However, few studies pay attention to the continuous impact of listing years on enterprise innovation. Based on the sample data of Chinese enterprises before and after listing from 2004 to 2017, this paper discusses the relationship between the listing years and dual innovation. And analyzes the moderating effect of slack. The research shows that the listing years are related to the quantity and quality of innovation in the inverted U-shaped, but the inflection point of the innovation quantity is later than the innovation quality. Before listing, the innovation quantity and quality increased; after listing, the innovation quantity first increased and then decreased, while the innovation quality declined. High slack makes the inverted U-shaped relationship between the listing years and innovation quality steeper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science and technology parks (STPs) are non-spontaneous agglomerations aimed at encouraging the formation and growth of on-site technology and knowledge-based firms. STPs have diffused worldwide, attracting significant, and often public, investment. However, there are contrasting evidence and insights on the effectiveness of these local development, technology and innovation policy tools. This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the STP literature (221 papers, 1987–2021), focusing especially on quantitative papers aimed at assessing the park effect on tenant's performance. We perform an in-depth quantitative analyses, which allows us to go beyond the inconclusiveness reported in previous review papers, showing that the likelihood of finding positive STP effects increases considerably with sample size. We discuss the limitations of this literature and offer some suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce is a boom in the modern business. E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity of electronically buying or selling products on online services or over the Internet. E-commerce is one of the most dynamic and important sectors of the economy as well as one of the main factors leading to greater competitiveness. The development of E-commerce is driven by rapidly expanding Internet access, but also by growing mobility and popularity of portable devices, via which customers order goods and services at a convenient time and place more and more frequently. The strength of a business is determined by how well it can manage to provide its products and services at the right price, time, and quality. In today's fierce competitive world, E-commerce businesses are often up against their peers from different geographical regions. It makes perfect sense for a company to expand its operations geographically, which would allow them the advantages of quickly reaching out to more customers and building good word of mouth for the brand. But, it also give rise to the risks like additional costs associated with logistics, longer delivery time than expected, problems with adjusting the inventory levels to match customer needs at each location, etc. That's why it makes sense to think about Return to Origin (RTO) before calculating revenue and profits. So, this paper is on impact of RTO on E-commerce business and it also discussed preliminary findings of research undertaken with the Indian ecommerce company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To steadily promote the reform of sales electricity prices, China has innovatively proposed to carry out grid enterprises' agency power purchase business (GEAPPB) as a transitional scheme for industrial and commercial users to enter the power market in the future. However, because the GEAPPB covers a wide range of users and involves complex business processes, the risks throughout the process of the GEAPPB will affect the organization and operation of the business. This paper proposes a GEAPPB risk assessment technique. First, a risk evaluation index system containing 10 indicators is designed based on the characteristics and development process of GEAPPB. Second, a risk assessment model based on the fuzzy full consistency method (FUCOM-F) and gray relational analysis (GRA)-improved MARCOS is constructed. Finally, seven grid enterprises in China are taken as examples to verify the validity and scientificity of the model. The results show that improving the accuracy of power forecasting, optimizing the agency power purchase strategy, and strengthening demand response management are the key schemes to reduce the risk of GEAPPB. Compared with the other three evaluation models, the proposed model has good applicability and effectiveness for the risk evaluation of GEAPPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: The concept of nature positive has recently emerged from the widespread recognition of the global scale at which nature is being lost and the threat this poses to the collective survival of the human race. Much of the interest in nature positive reflects the initial commitment to it by conservation organisations and by a number of international political initiatives. However, the pursuit of nature positive approaches by businesses has received little attention in the business and management literature. Building upon an analysis of secondary sources, this entry paper first examines how three international organisations suggest a nature positive strategy could be pursued. This paper then focuses on two multinational companies and how they plan to pursue a nature positive approach to their business activities. This article identifies a number of critical factors in developing a nature positive strategy: incorporating suppliers in this strategy, assessing corporate dependencies and impacts on nature, and reporting on nature positive initiatives and outcomes. At the same time, this article raises concerns that nature positive approaches could be driven more by business imperatives rather than fundamental corporate concerns about biodiversity and that many business commitments to nature positive could be seen as mainly aspirational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of the new generation of digital technology has injected new vitality into the digital transformation (DT) and continued growth of enterprises. This paper selects data from China's A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2019 and uses transaction cost theory to empirically test the effect of enterprise digital transformation (EDT) on enterprise growth and its mechanism. Research has found that DT can significantly promote enterprise growth. The reduction of supply chain collaboration costs plays an important role as an intermediary mechanism in this process. At the same time, industry competition intensity, regional marketization level, and digital infrastructure level have played positive regulatory roles. In addition, when the enterprise's level of financing constraints is low and it is a manufacturing enterprise or state-owned enterprise, the promotion effect of EDT on enterprise growth is more significant. While expanding the research perspective and measurement methods of EDT, this paper integrates the strategic actions of EDT and the inter-enterprise collaboration costs of the supply chain into a unified theoretical framework, revealing a new theoretical mechanism for DT to promote enterprise growth. It also provides practical inspiration for relevant policy formulation and enterprise transformation and upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on complex network theory, this paper establishes a Boolean competitive relationship network model and a weighted competitive relationship network model for building material enterprises based on big data and performs empirical analyses with construction prefabricated component (PC) enterprises in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region as research samples. Results show the competitive relationship network of PC enterprises in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is characterised by the development of a small-world network, and its cumulative degree and out-degree (in-degree) intensity distributions are single-scale networks with fast-decaying tails. The network has strong network clustering and assortativity, and it can truly reflect the competitive status and dynamics of the enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annapoornima M. Subramanian, Moren Lévesque, and Vareska Van De Vrande were recognized as a runner up for the 2020 Ralph Gomory Best Industry Studies Paper Award. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including a new method for multi-criteria group decision-making; a deep learning-based decision support system for mobile performance marketing; and a decision support system for project portfolio management in construction companies.

Debt restructuring is an effective means to solve the financial difficulties of enterprises. At present, the operation methods and means of enterprises with different characteristics to participate in debt restructuring are different, and no universal debt restructuring scheme has been formed. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses the method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. This paper discusses the influence mechanism of multiple concurrent factors on enterprise debt restructuring and summarizes the selection rules of debt restructuring strategies for enterprises with different characteristics of debt. The research shows that there are five kinds of allocation for enterprises to realize debt restructuring. According to the different core conditions, enterprise debt restructuring can be divided into high-quality operation and management mode, technology leading mode, and debt-to-equity mode. The research results reveal the mechanism behind enterprise debt restructuring and provide a reference basis for the government and creditors to make corresponding decisions in the debt restructuring process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether and how firms receiving benefits through their connections to politicians use accounting discretion to mitigate the costs associated with negative publicity. I utilize a unique setting that captures the change in political costs arising from chairmanship appointments to influential U.S. Senate committees. Firms in the home state of a promoted officeholder often receive preferential treatment, drawing public scrutiny and incentivizing them to avoid reporting extreme earnings through income smoothing to reduce adverse political attention. Employing a difference-in-differences research design, I find evidence that home-state firms smooth their earnings throughout the officeholder's tenure following a senator's promotion to chairman or ranking minority member. Cross-sectional analyses demonstrate that these effects are stronger for firms anticipating higher political costs. Overall, this paper provides evidence of the political cost hypothesis, highlighting the role of political connections in shaping firms' financial reporting strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of LogForum is the property of LogForum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to identify, evaluate, and analyze determinants of the profitability of food enterprises from the Republic of Serbia. The paper determines the nature of the relationship between defined determinants and profitability by applying a panel regression model on a sample of 189 small, medium, and large food enterprises from Serbia in the period from 2011 to 2021. The analysis results showed that the profitability of food enterprises is positively influenced by liquidity and sales growth rate. On the other hand, the indebtedness, size, and materiality of assets have a negative impact on the profitability of food enterprises. Of all analyzed variables, only liquidity does not affect profitability at a statistically significant level. The results of the analysis should be added to the fact that smaller food enterprises, with a lower degree of indebtedness and a smaller share of fixed in total assets, achieve a higher degree of profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper theoretically analyzes and empirically examines the impact and mechanisms of automated machines on employment in manufacturing enterprises, drawing on task-based model and using micro data from listed Chinese manufacturing enterprises between 2012 and 2019. Our findings reveal that: (1) Automated machines in manufacturing enterprises leads to a substitution effect on the total labor force, with a substitution effect on low-skilled labor and a creation effect on high-skilled labor in terms of employment structure. (2) Further analysis indicates that automated machines primarily have a positive effect on R&D and technical staff, a non-significant effect on sales staff, and a negative impact on production, administrative, and financial staff. (3) The primary influencing mechanisms of automated machines on employment in manufacturing firms are productivity effects and output scale effects, based on the mediation effect model. (4) Considering the industry linkage effect, we employ the input-output method and the Input-Output Table and find that automated machines for upstream (downstream) manufacturing enterprises will result in a substitution effect on employment for downstream (upstream) enterprises. The novelties and research contributions are as follows: (1) we conduct a structural decomposition of total employment, and further decompose employment positions into production, R&D, sales, finance, and administration. (2) We try to investigate the industry linkage effect about the impact of automated machines on the employment of upstream and downstream enterprises. (3) We use data from listed manufacturing companies, and the data of existing research are about provincial and industry-level data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Papers Presented in Special Issue Entitled "Strategic Planning and Management in... Several papers were considered, and finally, a total of six papers were selected for this Special Issue. Awareness of the importance of an appropriate strategic planning and management process in the energy industry is constantly growing. 10.3390/en15155455 2 Klemke-Pitek M., Majchrzak M. Pro-Ecological Activities and Shaping the Competitive Advantage of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Aspect of Sustainable Energy Management. [Extracted from the article]

The financing resources play an important role in the economic function of a country, therefore studies related to the financing resources and their impact on enterprises is very popular. This paper elaborates which factors influence the decision of capital structure, when we know the enterprises during their development face numerous and large financing challenges. For more successful coping, they need greater support both at the local and central level, in order to create a more suitable environment for their development. In reviewing the literature, the term capital structure was often mentioned by analysts, investors, and many other enterprise officials. Numerous researchers have noted various factors affecting the capital structure of enterprises. By this research we will try to clarify which factors influence the decision of the capital structure. This study describes the Modigliani and Miller theorem about capital structure and the review of some authors about determinants of capital structure including dependent, independent and control variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper proposes a context-based framework for measuring and disclosing human capital in the financial statements of the Zimbabwean mining companies. The study was prompted by the lack of universal standardised framework that can be adopted by companies for use and existing of varied models with conflicting measurement metrics. The developed model is meant to bring harmony within the industry and across other sectors, particularly in developing countries such as Zimbabwe. Methodology: This paper adopted an integrative literature review approach also known as the critical review approach in the development of the human capital measurement and disclosure framework. Corporate annual reports, existing related literature, and various human capital models were critically and systematically reviewed to conceptualise different views from various authors concerning human capital measurement and disclosure framework. A thematic analysis approach was adopted to analyse the qualitative findings. The analysis was conducted until a point of saturation was reached. Findings: The paper proposed a context-based human capital measurement and disclosure framework with six key primary factors. Furthermore, the paper proposed the measurement criteria and the disclosure requirements of the six primary factors established. The framework also acts as a starting point for human capital reporting since there is a lack of an established and generally accepted reporting framework in Zimbabwe. The benefit of this framework is that it is flexible, and it allows companies to develop human capital reporting guidelines based on key features specific to an individual company's human capital and can be applied to other similar contexts in the SADC region. This paper recommends the adoption of the human capital measurement and disclosure framework as to increase companies' value, financial performance as well as economic growth at large. Originality/Value: The proposed framework is envisaged to reduce information asymmetry and improve corporate governance practices for both practice and policy formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solving the risk of zombification of enterprises and relieving their business difficulties, as a key element of supply-side structural reform, is the pain point of the conversion of old and new dynamic energy and the difficulty of economic transformation and upgrading. In the Internet era, the impact on business operations is also expanding with the widening of investor attention channels. This paper selects Chinese listed companies from 2011-2020 as a research sample, and the empirical results show that, first, investor attention can effectively reduce the risk of transforming enterprises into zombie enterprises, i.e., the risk of corporate zombification decreases as the level of investor attention increases; second, there is heterogeneity in the role of investor attention in resolving the risk of corporate zombification; third, further mechanism tests find that along with Third, further mechanistic tests reveal that as the level of investor attention increases, the level of environmental uncertainty decreases and the annual market value of individual stocks increases, thereby reducing the risk of corporate zombification. The findings of this paper provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for further improving the risk mitigation of corporate zombification, promoting the “de-emphasis” of enterprises, and leading the high-quality and healthy development of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]