9 results on '"CLIMATE change mitigation"'
Search Results
2. Multi-level governance and power in climate change policy networks.
- Author
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Di Gregorio, Monica, Fatorelli, Leandra, Paavola, Jouni, Locatelli, Bruno, Pramova, Emilia, Nurrochmat, Dodik Ridho, May, Peter H., Brockhaus, Maria, Sari, Intan Maya, and Kusumadewi, Sonya Dyah
- Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation ,LAND use ,COMMUNICATION - Abstract
Graphical abstract Highlights • Specialisation at national level hampers mitigation-adaptation integration. • Local actors prioritize climate adaptation but lack of influence hinders action. • Decentralisation affects cross-level power differentials in land and climate domains. • Dominant national level communities exclude localities from policy decisions. Abstract This article proposes an innovative theoretical framework that combines institutional and policy network approaches to study multi-level governance. The framework is used to derive a number of propositions on how cross-level power imbalances shape communication and collaboration across multiple levels of governance. The framework is then applied to examine the nature of cross-level interactions in climate change mitigation and adaptation policy processes in the land use sectors of Brazil and Indonesia. The paper identifies major barriers to cross-level communication and collaboration between national and sub-national levels. These are due to power imbalances across governance levels that reflect broader institutional differences between federal and decentralized systems of government. In addition, powerful communities operating predominantly at the national level hamper cross-level interactions. The analysis also reveals that engagement of national level actors is more extensive in the mitigation and that of local actors in the adaptation policy domain, and specialisation in one of the climate change responses at the national level hampers effective climate policy integration in the land use sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Industrial low carbon futures: A regional marginal abatement cost curve for Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Author
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de Souza, J.F.T., de Oliveira, B.P., Ferrer, J.T.V., and Pacca, S.A.
- Subjects
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GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *DIRECT costing , *CLIMATE change , *CARBON dioxide mitigation ,PARIS Agreement (2016) - Abstract
Sub-national and regional greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policies are being stimulated by the Paris Agreement. Several low carbon studies have been conducted for important emitters such as California State in the US and Chinese provinces. At the same time, carbon mitigation studies have focused on the industrial sector, especially in developing countries. In comparison to the national scenario, the Sao Paulo state in Brazil shows a distinct emission profile. The industry in Sao Paulo is responsible for 14.7% of the total emissions, and this share increases to 31.5% considering energy indirect emissions. Therefore, Sao Paulo mitigation efforts depend on industry’s leadership such as in other parts of the world. The present study has evaluated the Sao Paulo state’s industry mitigation potential between 2014 and 2030 based on a Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) curve. In contrast to previous MAC studies, the MAC-SP study has also considered cement related emissions released outside its jurisdictions but that are driven by industrial choices within its boundary. Nine out of seventeen technologies show a negative MAC value, and energy efficiency technologies yield the lowest cost with a weighted average value of -$122/metric ton of CO 2 . Considering only the territorial based approach, the Sao Paulo state’s Industry would avoid 78.4 million metric ton of CO 2 until 2030. Although emissions under Sao Paulo’s responsibility increase 27%, if the consumption-based approach is adopted, the assessed mitigation potential enhances 83% and entails US$ 2.3 billion savings until 2030. In conclusion, the mitigation potential for São Paulo state’s industry is sizeable and consumption-based strategies are worthwhile, especially when regional policies are considered. Results can assist in formulating climate change policies and innovative incentive mechanisms to maximize the regional mitigation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Agricultural and agro-industrial residues-to-energy: Techno-economic and environmental assessment in Brazil.
- Author
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Portugal-Pereira, Joana, Soria, Rafael, Rathmann, Régis, Schaeffer, Roberto, and Szklo, Alexandre
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AGRICULTURAL wastes as fuel , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *BIOMASS energy , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
This study aims to quantify the environmentally sustainable and economically feasible potentials of agricultural and agro-industrial residues to generate electricity via direct combustion in centralised power plants in Brazil. Further, the energy savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potential of replacing natural gas-based electricity by bioenergy have been assessed. To this end, a methodology has been developed based on an integrated evaluation, incorporating statistical and geographical information system (GIS)-based analysis, and a life-cycle-assessment approach. Results reveal that the environmentally sustainable generation potential is nearly 141 TWh/year, mainly concentrated in the South, Southeast, and Midwest regions of the country. Sugarcane, soybean and maize crop residues are the major feedstocks for available bioenergy. On the other hand, the economic potential is far lower, accounting to 39 TWh/year. The total GHG mitigation is nearly 18 million tonne CO 2 e and could reach 64 million tonne CO 2 e yearly, if the technical potential is considered. The gap between technical and economic potentials implies that constraints to bioenergy are not related to a lack of resources, but rather associated to economic, logistical, regulatory and political barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Large carbon sink potential of secondary forests in the Brazilian Amazon to mitigate climate change
- Author
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Viola Heinrich, Marcos Adami, Thais M. Rosan, Celso Henrique Leite Silva Junior, Joanna Isobel House, Catherine Torres de Almeida, Ricardo Dalagnol, Henrique Luis Godinho Cassol, Liana O. Anderson, Wesley Augusto Campanharo, Tristram Hales, Stephen Sitch, and Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
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0106 biological sciences ,Satellite Imagery ,Carbon Sequestration ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Science ,Climate Change ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Climate change ,Carbon sequestration ,Forests ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Fires ,Trees ,Deforestation ,Forest ecology ,Biomass ,Climate-change mitigation ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Tropical Climate ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,Amazon rainforest ,Agroforestry ,Carbon sink ,Forestry ,General Chemistry ,Carbon cycle ,Models, Theoretical ,Carbon ,Climate change mitigation ,Secondary forest ,Environmental science ,Algorithms ,Brazil - Abstract
Tropical secondary forests sequester carbon up to 20 times faster than old-growth forests. This rate does not capture spatial regrowth patterns due to environmental and disturbance drivers. Here we quantify the influence of such drivers on the rate and spatial patterns of regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon using satellite data. Carbon sequestration rates of young secondary forests (, This study uses regional and global remote sensing data to assess the regrowth of secondary forests in the Brazilian Amazon biome. The authors find differences of regrowth rates due to climate, forest fires and deforestation actions and further quantify their carbon capture potential.
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- 2021
6. An Overview of Environmental Policies for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change and Application of Multilevel Regression Analysis to Investigate the CO2 Emissions over the Years of 1970 to 2018 in All Brazilian States
- Author
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Anny Key de Souza Mendonça, Luísa Zeredo Pereira, Dalton Francisco de Andrade, Silvio Aparecido da Silva, and Antonio Cezar Bornia
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Natural resource economics ,020209 energy ,Geography, Planning and Development ,lcsh:TJ807-830 ,ABC Plan ,lcsh:Renewable energy sources ,Climate change ,Public policy ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Deforestation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Production (economics) ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Land use ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants ,environmental protection policies ,Private sector ,Climate change mitigation ,lcsh:TD194-195 ,climate change ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,Brazil - Abstract
Background: Brazil, one of the largest greenhouse gas emitting countries in the world, emitted approximately 2 billion gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) in 2018. This data is practically the same recorded in the previous year, suggesting that the country&rsquo, s trajectory of CO2 emissions is stabilized. Methods: This study presents an overview of environmental protection and climate change mitigation policies adopted in Brazil, as well as makes use the multilevel regression modeling technique to investigate the relationship between economic activities variables in relation to CO2 emissions over the years of 1970 to 2018 in all Brazilian states. Results: The results show that the CO2 emissions in the states have the same behavior as the timeline of the change in land use. Conclusions: The public policies and actions by society and the private sector were fundamental to the reduction verified from the year of 2004 that followed until 2010, both in CO2 emissions and in the change in land use and forests. As of this year, there has been a trend towards stability in CO2 emissions. Another important characteristic is that even with a drop in the number of deforestation, the production variables continued to grow, which shows that there may be an increase in production activities, while there is a reduction in deforestation and in CO2 emissions.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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7. Multi-level governance and power in climate change policy networks
- Author
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Emilia Pramova, Jouni Paavola, Peter H. May, Leandra Fatorelli, Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat, Sonya Dyah Kusumadewi, Bruno Locatelli, Maria Brockhaus, Intan Maya Sari, Monica Di Gregorio, International Forest Policy, Forest Economics, Business and Society, Department of Forest Sciences, and University of Helsinki, International Forest Policy
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Multi-level governance ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Regional science ,Climate change ,Gouvernance ,Politique de l'environnement ,CHANGE ADAPTATION ,SCALE ,Global and Planetary Change ,Utilisation des terres ,4112 Forestry ,Ecology ,Policy networks ,Corporate governance ,Communication ,Environmental governance ,Scale (social sciences) ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Biodiversité ,INTEGRATION ,Brazil ,P40 - Météorologie et climatologie ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,CHANGE MITIGATION ,COALITIONS ,POLITICS ,1172 Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Changement climatique ,Government ,Land use ,BARRIERS ,ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE ,Climate change mitigation ,13. Climate action ,Indonesia ,LAND-USE SECTOR ,Business ,DEFORESTATION - Abstract
This article proposes an innovative theoretical framework that combines institutional and policy network approaches to study multi-level governance. The framework is used to derive a number of propositions on how cross-level power imbalances shape communication and collaboration across multiple levels of governance. The framework is then applied to examine the nature of cross-level interactions in climate change mitigation and adaptation policy processes in the land use sectors of Brazil and Indonesia. The paper identifies major barriers to cross-level communication and collaboration between national and sub-national levels. These are due to power imbalances across governance levels that reflect broader institutional differences between federal and decentralized systems of government. In addition, powerful communities operating predominantly at the national level hamper cross-level interactions. The analysis also reveals that engagement of national level actors is more extensive in the mitigation and that of local actors in the adaptation policy domain, and specialisation in one of the climate change responses at the national level hampers effective climate policy integration in the land use sector.
- Published
- 2019
8. Community owned solutions for fire management in tropical ecosystems: case studies from Indigenous communities of South America
- Author
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Bibiana Bilbao, Jayalaxshmi Mistry, and Andrea Berardi
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Climate Change ,Biodiversity ,Climate change ,Firefighting ,010501 environmental sciences ,Forests ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Indigenous ,Fires ,Deforestation ,Fire protection ,Humans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,business.industry ,Indians, South American ,Environmental resource management ,Community Participation ,Articles ,Venezuela ,Grassland ,010601 ecology ,Climate change mitigation ,Geography ,Greenhouse gas ,Guyana ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business ,Brazil - Abstract
Fire plays an increasingly significant role in tropical forest and savanna ecosystems, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and impacting on biodiversity. Emerging research shows the potential role of Indigenous land-use practices for controlling deforestation and reducing CO 2 emissions. Analysis of satellite imagery suggests that Indigenous lands have the lowest incidence of wildfires, significantly contributing to maintaining carbon stocks and enhancing biodiversity. Yet acknowledgement of Indigenous peoples' role in fire management and control is limited, and in many cases dismissed, especially in policy-making circles. In this paper, we review existing data on Indigenous fire management and impact, focusing on examples from tropical forest and savanna ecosystems in Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana. We highlight how the complexities of community owned solutions for fire management are being lost as well as undermined by continued efforts on fire suppression and firefighting, and emerging approaches to incorporate Indigenous fire management into market- and incentive-based mechanisms for climate change mitigation. Our aim is to build a case for supporting Indigenous fire practices within all scales of decision-making by strengthening Indigenous knowledge systems to ensure more effective and sustainable fire management. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind’.
- Published
- 2016
9. Interactions between climate change mitigation and adaptation: The case of hydropower in Brazil
- Author
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Kathryn Daenzer, Bob van der Zwaan, Mohamad Hejazi, Detlef P. van Vuuren, Tom Kober, Yongxia Cai, Sean W. D. Turner, Eveline Vasquez-Arroyo, Alexandre C. Köberle, David E.H.J. Gernaat, Robert Beach, André F.P. Lucena, Pedro Rochedo, Sustainable Chemistry Energy (HIMS, FNWI), and Environmental Sciences
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Mitigation ,Energy system model ,Natural resource economics ,Energy Efficiency ,020209 energy ,Yield (finance) ,Energy / Geological Survey Netherlands ,Climate change ,02 engineering and technology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Taverne ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Adaptation ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Hydropower ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Energy ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Representative Concentration Pathways ,Building and Construction ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Pollution ,General Energy ,Climate change mitigation ,Environmental science ,business ,Brazil ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
This paper performs a multi-model comparison to assess strategies for adaptation to climate change impacts in hydropower generation in Brazil under two Representative Concentration Pathways. The approach used allows for evaluating the interactions between climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies under low and high impact scenarios through 2050. Climate change impact projections of sixteen General Circulation Models indicate that a global high emissions trajectory scenario would likely yield more severe impacts on hydropower generation than a mitigation scenario. Adaptation modeling suggests that climate change impacts can be compensated by a wide range of alternatives, whose optimality will depend on the level of mitigation effort pursued. Our results show that climate change impacts would lead to even higher emissions in the absence of climate change mitigation policies. On the other hand, mitigation strategies to pursue lower emissions are maintained under climate change impacts, meaning that mitigation strategies are robust when faced with adaptation challenges. Mitigation efforts could yield a more diverse and less carbon intensive mix of technological options for adaptation. When analyzing investment costs to adapt to climate change impacts, in some cases mitigation can lead to a lower total investment level.
- Published
- 2018
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