Search

Context: Over the past three decades, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally, accompanied by a relative decline in communicable diseases. Aims: With this background, the research was planned to determine the prevalence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) or skin tags (STs) in the study population and to examine the relationship between the presence of AN and ST with commonly used indicators such as waist-to-height ratio (W/Ht.), Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), and body mass index for predicting the risk of NCDs. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was done at a health facility in Lucknow (India). Methodology: Consecutive sampling was employed to select 152 apparently healthy adults as the participants. Data collection involved administering a questionnaire and conducting anthropometry using standardized methods. Visual inspection was conducted to identify AN or ST on the common sites. Statistical Analysis Used: Data entry was done in Microsoft Office Excel, followed by data analysis using SPSS. To test the association between variables "significance of difference of mean," Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and estimation of Kohen's kappa were used. A "P" value was considered statistically significant at <0.05 level. The sensitivity and specificity of AN and ST were also estimated in predicting the risk of NCDs. Results: The prevalence of AN was 19.08% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.76%–25.40%), while the prevalence of STs was 28.29% (95% CI = 21.05%–35.53%). AN showed a sensitivity of 22.4% and specificity of 96.3% with W/Ht. ratio as the standard, and a sensitivity of 26.44% and specificity of 90.77% with IDRS as the standard. ST exhibited a sensitivity of 32.0% and specificity of 88.89% with W/Ht. ratio as the standard, and a sensitivity of 37.93% and specificity of 84.62% with IDRS as the standard. Conclusion: AN and ST can be used as simple and time-saving tools in screening protocols for (NCDs). Further research is desirable to validate the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study was aimed at identifying the incidence of unreported probable hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on anti-diabetic medications, using the screening Stanford Hypoglycemia Questionnaire (SHQ) in real-world situations. Methods: It was a multicentre cross-sectional study on consecutive individuals attending 10 diabetes care centres in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The inclusion criteria were as follows: known individuals with T2DM, literate, age greater than or equal to 18 years, on at least one anti-diabetic agent for more than a month and not engaged in regular self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Results: This study was conducted from August 2017 to April 2018, involving 1198 participants. The mean age of the individuals enrolled was 53.45 years (±10.83), with males comprising 55.3% of the population. It was found that 63.6% of patients were on sulphonylurea (SU), 14.5% were on pioglitazone, 92.2% on metformin, 62.3% on Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4i) and 12.8% on Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2i). The mean SHQ score was 1.81 (±1.59). Probable hypoglycaemia was mild in 57.59%, moderate in 14.69% and severe in 1.41%. Those with diabetic neuropathy (P = <0.001), retinopathy (P = <0.001) and nephropathy (P = <0.001) had significantly higher SHQ scores. Insulin or SU use was associated with a significantly higher SHQ score. Concomitant statin use was associated with a lower incidence of mild, moderate and severe hypoglycaemia (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, we found that age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin use and fasting blood sugar were the most important factors associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia with an R2 cut-off of 0.7. Conclusion: SHQ was discovered to be a simple and cost-effective screening tool for outpatient detection of hypoglycaemia in an Indian setting, and it can add value to management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:Cervical carcinoma is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. It is estimated that over a million women worldwide currently have cervical cancer. Worldwide, cervical cancer is both the fourth-most common cancer and the fourth-most common cause of death from cancer in women. In 2012, 528, 000 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed, and 266, 000 women died of the disease (GLOBOCAN 2012), nearly 90% of them in lowto middle-income class countries. Multifactorial causation, potential for prevention, and the sheer threat it poses make cervical cancer an important disease for in-depth studies, as has been attempted by this paper by studying the hypoxic marker. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the identification of biomarkers able to predict both response to treatment and survival. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of hypoxic marker Carbonic anhydrase (CAIX) markers to predict the clinical outcome of patients with cervical carcinoma. Materials and methods:This study was conducted on biopsy proven previously untreated cases of cancer cervix who presented to the Department of Radiotherapy at King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study was a single institution, non-randomised, prospective study to evaluate carbonic anhydrase IX as a biomarker in cancer cervix patients undergoing radiotherapy. Sample size: Total 75 samples • 25 healthy control subjects (Age and sex matched) • 25 cancer cervix patients (duplicate samples i.e. baseline and follow up). Approximately 2 ml of blood was withdrawn before initiation of treatment and at the time of first follow up. Standard treatment was given as external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with concurrent chemotherapy followed by intracavitary radiotherapy (ICRT). Blood samples was analysed for the level of CAIX..Statistical analyses was performed with the SPSS software package v13.0. Results: Pre-treatment high level of carbonic anhydrase IX correlated with poor treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Menstruation is a normal physiologic phenomenon. Due to lack of awareness regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in India, majority have unhygienic practices which make them vulnerable to various adverse health and social outcomes. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the awareness and perception of pre- and postmenarchal adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene. Settings and Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics of a Government tertiary care center, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh for 6 months from 1 July 2019 to 31 December 2019. Material and Methods: The study was undertaken among 120 adolescent girls between 09 and 19 years of age. Premenarchal age group was from 9 to 12 years and postmenarchal was 13–19 years. All the adolescent girls who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were subjected to a pretested prevalidated semi-structured questionnaire assessing their awareness and perceptions regarding menstrual hygiene. Result: Of 120 respondents, 43 girls were aware of menstruation prior to attainment of menarche. Mother was the first informant regarding menstruation in the case of 49 (49.65%) girls. A total of 57 girls believed it as a physiological process. 32 (53.3%) girls knew the use of sanitary pads during menstruation. Regarding restrictions practiced, 136 (85%) girls practiced different restrictions during menstruation. Conclusion: Adolescent girls, being vulnerable, need to have adequate and correct awareness regarding menstrual hygiene. This will protect them from risk of developing reproductive or sexually transmitted infections (RTI/STI) which is a burden on our society and render many females infertile and cause other adverse health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of Copper, Zinc and Selenium associated with Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase level in serum of Breast cancer patients of North India A. K. Singh, V. Jain, G. N. Singh 1Department of Surgery, King George's Medical University, 2Surgery, King Georg's Medical University, Lucknow, India I declare that my presentation : will not include discussion of unapproved or "off-label" usage of a commercial product or device. Introduction: Breast cancer in women is most common cancer world wide and second most common cancer overall. Trace elements and antioxidant enzymes have been found involved in development and prevention of malignancies including breast cancer. This study aims to find out association between trace elements: copper, zinc and selenium along with antioxidant enzymes: SOD, Catalase, Glutathione peroxidise levels in breast cancer patients of various clinical stages. Materials & Methods: This Prospective observational cohort study is conducted in department of general surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India. Blood sample of 152 breast cancer patients were analysed and age matched with 152 controls. Unpaired t-test is used to compare the antioxidant enzymesand trace elements between cases and controls. The plasma level of copper, zinc, selenium and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase) were analysed in both groups to find out any statistically significant correlation. Results: Plasma copper levels (μgm/dl) are higher in cases with mean of 132.43±6.10 vs controls 113.58±11.70 with p<0.0001. Plasma zinc levels (μgm/dl) (case: 88.25±6.30, control: 109.92±8.33, p<0.0001)) and selenium (μmol/dl) (case:3.27±0.18, control: 3.33±0.22 (p<0.0001)) are lower in breast cancer patients. Mean levels of Superoxide dismutase (IU/ ml) (case: 9.49±6.25, control: 27.04±4.39, p<0.0001), Catalase (IU/ ml) (case:0.09±0.08, control: 0.29±0.24, p<0.0001) and Glutathione peroxidise (nanomolNADPH oxidase/min/mg protein) (case: 16.96±10.20, control; 46.70±14.18, p<0.0001) are observed to be lower in breast cancer patients. Blood level of selenium, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase are found to have a direct correlation while Plasma levels of Copper has inverse correlation with advanced stages of breast cancer Conclusion: Lower levels of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase) and selenium found in breast cancer patients along with higher copper levels suggest that these metals and antioxidant enzymes play role in etiopathogenesis and aggressiveness of disease. This gives insight to initiate research for additive therapy of antioxidants and selenium in patients of breast cancer to achieve better outcome. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]