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Background: Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was launched in 2013 to provide financial support packages for people with disability to purchase supports and services to enhance independence. People with disability are required to develop a plan with the National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA), the government department responsible for managing the NDIS. This scoping review aims to ascertain the level of research into people's experience of the NDIS planning process in these geographic areas. Methodology: Research publication databases were searched using a specific search string to identify research about people with disability and their families/carer's experiences of the NDIS planning process in regional, rural and remote regions of Australia. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was adopted to appraise the quality of the research publications. Research publications focused on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were additionally appraised using the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool developed by the Centre for Excellence in Aboriginal Chronic Disease Knowledge Translation and Exchange. A thematic synthesis of the publications' contents was undertaken to ascertain people with disabilities and carers experience of the NDIS planning process. Results: Ten (N = 10) research papers were found that met the inclusion criteria. Two papers were policy reviews and reported on the improvements of the NDIS planning process since its conception. The analysis found the research archive focused on five themes: (1) healthcare workforce and NDIA staff; (2) NDIS package holders and carers lack of awareness of the NDIS; (3) cultural/socio‐economic barriers; (4) travel funding; and (5) emotional burden of the NDIS planning process. Conclusion: There are limited papers available that explore people's experiences of the NDIS planning process in regional, rural and remote regions of Australia. This systematic review illuminates the difficulties, barriers and concerns of people with disability and their carers about the planning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Consumer engagement in research is becoming an ethical, political, and moral imperative. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a snapshot of the current status of the emerging area of consumer engagement in occupational therapy health‐related research, as published in the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. Methods: A scoping review was conducted of all health‐related original research published in the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal for 5½ years, plus Early View, as at June 2019. Eligible papers were examined for consumer engagement content which included any active choice or control by consumers, beyond being a research participant. A recognised six stage methodology was used with quantitative and qualitative data analysed. Two consumers collaborated in interpreting the data including finalising themes, leading theme naming, developing key discussion points, and producing recommendations. Results: Of the 123 eligible papers, 48 (39.02%) included consumer engagement. However, only two incorporated consumer engagement across all research phases—preparation, execution and translation. A total of 103 consumer engagement activities were charted and categorised across all papers. There were limited instances of consumer collaboration (14/103, 13.59%) or consumer‐led research processes (15/103, 14.56%) reported. Four themes emerged: Parity in research partnerships; It's important to know the Who, What, When, How and So What of consumer involvement; Consumer engagement must be a two‐way process—not a dead end street; and Meeting the challenge—being diverse and inclusive. Conclusion: Comprehensive consumer‐researcher partnerships may not be common‐place in health‐related occupational therapy research in the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. This paper is a call to action. Occupational therapists must embrace consumer research partnerships as a demonstration of the key philosophies of enabling and empowering consumers and communities. Collaboration with two consumers in finalising data analysis, results interpretation and reporting added a diverse and valuable perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Implementation of shared decision‐making in antenatal care has had limited exploration. Objective: To assess what is known about shared decision‐making in antenatal care. Search Strategy: Five databases were searched (1997–2022) limited to English language studies from OECD countries. Data Collection and Analysis: A data collection table was constructed with findings from 32 papers. A narrative synthesis was conducted with subsequent thematic analysis of included papers. Main Results: Four areas of decision‐making were identified with six themes revealing enablers and barriers to shared decision‐making in antenatal care. Conclusion: Implementation of shared decision‐making requires continuity, time and personalisation of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Competency‐based medical education (CBME) led to the widespread adoption of workplace‐based assessment (WBA) with the promise of achieving assessment for learning. Despite this, studies have illustrated tensions between the summative and formative role of WBA which undermine learning goals. Models of workplace‐based learning (WBL) provide insight, however, these models excluded WBA. This scoping review synthesizes the primary literature addressing the role of WBA to guide learning in postgraduate medical education, with the goal of identifying gaps to address in future studies. Methods: The search was applied to OVID Medline, Web of Science, ERIC and CINAHL databases, articles up to September 2020 were included. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers, followed by a full text review. Two members independently extracted and analysed quantitative and qualitative data using a descriptive‐analytic technique rooted in Billett's four premises of WBL. Themes were synthesized and discussed until consensus. Results: All 33 papers focused on the perception of learning through WBA. The majority applied qualitative methodology (70%), and 12 studies (36%) made explicit reference to theory. Aligning with Billett's first premise, results reinforce that learning always occurs in the workplace. WBA helped guide learning goals and enhanced feedback frequency and specificity. Billett's remaining premises provided an important lens to understand how tensions that existed in WBL have been exacerbated with frequent WBA. As individuals engage in both work and WBA, they are slowly transforming the workplace. Culture and context frame individual experiences and the perceived authenticity of WBA. Finally, individuals will have different goals, and learn different things, from the same experience. Conclusion: Analysing WBA literature through the lens of WBL theory allows us to reframe previously described tensions. We propose that future studies attend to learning theory, and demonstrate alignment with philosophical position, to advance our understanding of assessment‐for‐learning in the workplace. The authors' synthesis of literature that focuses on the overlap between workplace learning and workplace assessment highlights gaps and identifies key strategies for enabling "assessment for learning" in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many people with an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) are biologically, socially, and economically/politically vulnerable to developing SARS‐COV‐2 (COVID‐19) compared to the general population. Most governments have developed public‐health policies and strategies to address the challenges that COVID‐19 has presented. These policies and strategies have been based upon the general population and in fact could be detrimental to the health and well‐being of people with IDD. This paper provides a review of the key learning points emerging from the COVID‐19 literature, together with guidance for the provision of services and government interventions for people with an IDD for future pandemics. Using guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute, a scoping review was used to explore the current literature (scientific and grey) on IDD and COVID‐19. Three core themes emerged from the review. Prevention/protection: User‐friendly accurate accessible information, handwashing and social distancing, Personal Protective Equipment, shielding, track and trace, testing, vaccine compliance/hesitancy, and training. Mitigation: Making reasonable adjustments both to where people live, and to community healthcare/clinical practice; and the use of technology as a pandemic‐response strategy. Treatment/Management: Access to acute hospitals and lifesaving equipment, using a suitable clinical fatality assessment instrument, stopping Do Not Resuscitate notices, individualised care plans and hospital passports, family/paid carers to support people in hospitals; and use of telehealth in clinical care. This is the first international scoping review that provides a narrative synthesis of emerging themes related to the COVID‐19 pandemic and people with an IDD. This paper highlights themes related to preventing, mitigating, and treating/managing the care of this population during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which can inform future public‐health policies. This paper also exposes the negative impacts of public‐health interventions in both High‐Income Countries and Low‐Middle Income Countries for this population including lapses in upholding human rights. These data provide a basis for learning from the COVID‐19 pandemic in planning for future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Children living in rural, regional and remote locations experience challenges to receiving services for mental illness and challenging behaviours. Additionally, there is a lack of clarity about the workforce characteristics to address the needs of this population. Objective: To scope the literature on the rural, regional and remote child mental health and behavioural workforce and identify barriers and enabling mechanisms to mental health service provision. Design: A scoping review utilising the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A database search was undertaken using Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Scopus to identify papers published 2010–2023. Research articles reporting data on mental health workforce characteristics for children aged under 12 years, in rural, regional or remote locations were reviewed for inclusion. Findings: Seven hundred and fifty‐four papers were imported into Covidence with 22 studies being retained. Retained studies confirmed that providing services to meet the needs of children's mental health is an international challenge. Discussion: The thematic analysis of the review findings highlighted four workforce strategies to potentially mitigate some of these challenges. These were: (1) The use of telehealth for clinical services and workforce upskilling; (2) Role shifting where non mental health professionals assumed mental health workforce roles; (3) Service structure strategies, and (4) Indigenous and rural cultural factors. Conclusion: A range of potential strategies exists to better meet the needs of children with mental health and behavioural issues. Adapting these to specific community contexts through co‐design and production may enhance their efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Blended feeding has become increasingly prevalent in recent years with its practice gaining some momentum. With anecdotal reports of benefits and little evidence of harm in the literature regarding blended feeding, this scoping review was deemed important. The aim of this scoping review was to summarise the published evidence about blended feeding in gastrostomy‐fed children. Method: The scoping review methodology used included searches in specific online databases: PUBMED, PsychINFO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, AMED and EMBASE for articles that addressed issues pertaining to blended feeds in gastrostomy‐fed children. Grey literature was also considered. Inclusion criteria included papers that pertained to information and research on blended feeding in gastrostomy‐fed children. Studies published in English over the past 11 years (2011–2022) were included. This resulted in 59 papers being included in this scoping review. Results: Thematic analysis of the literature identified eight overall themes. It was clear that parents found blended feeding promoted the normalising of feeding, their own involvement in decision‐making around foods and promotion of a socially inclusive mealtime. The need for dietician and health professional input and support is key, whereas a lack of guidelines acts as a barrier to blended feeding. Furthermore, risks associated with blended feeding are identified but also the benefits to the physical well‐being of the child are considered. Conclusion: The review was comprehensive in that it identified a broad range of literature, exploring the extent, range and nature of research activity related to the use of blended feeds. The lack of original research is a concern. However, it is expected this review will provide direction for researchers, and in particular inform policy and practitioners working in the field where blended feeds may be an option for gastrostomy‐fed children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Throughout the transition to motherhood, changes are experienced across a woman's physical, mental, social, and occupational self. Maternal chronic illness adds the complexity of increased healthcare needs and navigating a high‐risk, medicalised pregnancy, birth, and post‐natal period. Literature concerning motherhood transitions in chronic illness generally focusses on the mother's medical health and pregnancy outcomes; little is known about the impacts on women's occupations, balance, and quality of life. Understanding these issues may help support women in a more tailored and holistic way. Objective: This scoping review aims to gather, analyse, and synthesise existing empirical research on occupational engagement and occupational balance as they impact on wellbeing and quality of life in women with a lifetime chronic illness before and during pregnancy and in early motherhood. Method: The review follows the nine‐stage framework described in the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis (2020). Five databases were searched: Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and OT Seeker. Data were extracted and examined via content analysis, described in narrative synthesis, summarised into a conceptual framework, and tabulated. Findings: A total of 8,655 papers were discovered on initial search. Following title and abstract screening, 220 full‐text studies were assessed for eligibility, and 46 papers were finally included. Analysis generated four major themes: The Disrupted Transition Journey; Adaptation, Compromise and Choice; Outcomes; and Drawing on What's Available. The themes were conceptualised into a framework to explain how women sought to balance motherhood and illness‐related occupations. Adequate access to information, social support, expert care, and financial resources improved both quality of life and healthcare compliance. Conclusion: Findings of this scoping review deepen the understanding of occupational balance during the transition to motherhood in the context of lifetime chronic illness. Healthcare providers and supportive family and friends can use this knowledge to adapt their approach to assisting women with chronic illness on the motherhood journey. These findings may also inform further inquiry into the scope of occupational therapy practice with this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the instruments used in measuring genomic competence in nursing. The objective was to understand how ethical issues are reflected in the instruments. Design: A scoping review. Methods: A systematically conducted scoping review was conducted by using CINAHL Complete and Medline databases covering the years from January 2010 to January 2022. Two authors inspected potentially eligible papers and assessed their quality independently using the critical appraisal tools of Joanna Briggs Institute. Twenty‐five articles were eligible including 19 different instruments. Included articles answered the research question: "How ethical issues are reflected in instruments measuring genomic competence in nursing?" The inductive thematic analysis was used in this review. Results: Descriptions of ethical themes were unstructured in the scoped articles and instruments. Not all genomic competence instruments covered ethical aspects. Only three studies asked direct questions by using the word ethics or its derivates, including confidentiality in solving ethical problems, familiarity with the ethical aspects of genetic counselling and ability to identify ethical issues. Thirteen articles included ethics‐related themes encompassing knowledge, skills, concerns, advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many medical students may encounter a range of academic and personal challenges during their course of study, but very little is known about their experiences. Our aim was to review the literature to inform future scholarship and to inform policy change. Methods: A scoping review was conducted searching PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, British Education Index, Web of Science and ERIC for English language primary research with no date limits. This retrieved 822 papers of which eight met the requirements for inclusion in the review. Data were independently reviewed by two researchers and underwent thematic analysis by the research team. Results: Three major themes emerged. Theme 1: 'Identity preservation' addressed students' aim to preserve their sense of self in the face of academic difficulty and their tendency to seek support. This connected the apprehension many students expressed about their educational institutions to Theme 2: 'The dual role of the medical school'—medical schools are required to support struggling students but are predominantly seen as a punitive structure acting as the gatekeeper to a successful career in medicine. Students' apprehension and attempts to protect their identities within this complex landscape often resulted in 'maladaptive coping strategies' (Theme 3). Conclusion: Understanding and exploring the academic challenges faced by medical students through their own experiences highlight the need for the development of more individualised remediation strategies. Educators may need to do more to bridge the gap between students and institutions. There is a need to build trust and to work with students to enhance their sense of self and remediate approaches to engagement with learning, rather than focusing efforts on success in assessments and progression. Kirtchuk et al review qualitative studies of students' experiences with academic challenges. Their results highlight a need for institutions to build students' trust, enhance their self‐esteem, and improve engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia in 2013 promised significant improvements in the lives of adults with intellectual disabilities. Although the scheme enables support, there are challenges associated with establishing eligibility and administering funds. This scoping review explored perceived barriers and enablers to effectively utilising the NDIS for adults with intellectual disabilities and their families. Method: A scoping review of the empirical literature on the NDIS and intellectual disabilities included nine studies in this review. These papers were subjected to thematic analysis and the findings were presented as a narrative synthesis. Results: The key themes identified were: (1) Limited understanding of the NDIS process; (2) Language use and capacity assumptions; (3) Unrealistic goals and progress, and difficulty utilising plans; (4) Expectations of families and associated workloads; (5) Opening up opportunities not previously available; (6) Knowledgeable planners who actively seek to involve adults and their families. Conclusion: Although qualitative studies demonstrate that adults with an intellectual disability and their families are largely satisfied with the increased opportunities the NDIS has afforded them, there are various areas in which accessibility to services can be improved. In order for the NDIS to continue to improve, the results from this scoping review underline the need for adults with an intellectual disability and their support systems to have their voices heard and be utilised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Simulated learning experiences are a common feature of many health professions' pre‐registration curricula. However, the use of simulation within occupational therapy is still largely undefined. This scoping review seeks to identify and summarise the available evidence exploring the use of simulation within occupational therapy pre‐registration education. Methods: A search was conducted in four databases for articles published between 2009 and 2020 to identify international literature relevant to the use of simulation within occupational therapy education. Articles were evaluated using the appropriate Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool and key features and benefits of current simulation education were identified using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 32 papers were included within the review. Four themes were identified and explored: simulation methods, authenticity, global approaches to simulation, and relationship to practice education. Conclusion: Simulation is taking place in many different forms within occupational therapy internationally. It is positively received by students and may provide an effective replacement for practice education if focussed on professional standards and competencies. Further research into the potential effectiveness of simulation in relation to practice learning is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Instagram by adolescents to access deliberate self‐harm content is a growing concern among scholars, mental health professionals and families, with many adolescents (10–19‐year‐olds) imitating offline what they have seen online. This scoping review aims to investigate the extent to which Instagram use impacts the mental health of its adolescent users, identifying whether there is a relationship between time spent on Instagram and engagement in deliberate self‐harm. The databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL and child development and adolescent studies were explored, and after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 15 papers were included in this review. Thematic analysis indicated that there was a relationship between time spent on Instagram and deliberate self‐harm; desensitization of deliberate self‐harm resulting in normalization; social contagion and that Instagram provided a sense of belonging to its users who engaged in deliberate self‐harm. Implications of this research is that it is quickly outdated as new social media platforms are developed and that the reliance on self‐reports does not have high validity or reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This scoping literature review aimed to answer the question: What are the shared decision‐making experiences of adult children in regard to their parent/s' health care in residential aged care facilities? Background: Shared decision‐making has been an important patient‐centred approach to nursing care since the 1990s, yet it is becoming increasingly evident that it is still not the reality in aged care facilities fifty years on. Currently, it is not well understood how adult children participate in shared decision‐making and the types of decisions they are required to make. Design: A review of original research papers using Kable, Pich and Maslin‐Prothero 12‐step systematic approach to documenting a search strategy. Method: The researcher screened 597 articles from four databases, published in the English language, during the period 1985–2019. The researcher used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2011 to determine the methodological quality of the included studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute QARI data tool was used to appraise the seven selected articles and thematically analyse findings, respectively. Results: Four themes were highlighted: communication; staffing; being involved; and staff–family relationships. Despite these themes being apparent, families have limited opportunities to participate in shared health decision‐making in regard to their parents' care. Conclusion: The findings from this literature show how shared decision‐making is affected by the RACF environment. There is a need to find out and understand what is important from a family member's point of view to optimise shared decision‐making and nursing care of the family member in residential aged care settings. Relevance to clinical practice: The limited findings specific to the SDM experiences of adult children of parents in RACFs in this review could help staff and RACFs to develop strategies and staff training to encourage and facilitate the implementation of shared health decision‐making with staff and families on older people's care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on healthcare systems worldwide. In particular, long‐term care facilities have proved more susceptible to infection as they care for vulnerable populations at high risk of chronic illness. How this impacts the role and core competencies of health and care workers in these facilities remains less understood. Aim: Describe how health and care workers contribute to the prevention of emerging infectious diseases in long‐term care facilities. Design: A scoping review. Methods: A systematic search of literature dating from 2002 to 2022 was conducted in the following databases: EMBASE, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, and AgeLine. Studies were selected if they focused on health and care workers in long‐term care facilities, offered a perspective on the prevention of emerging infectious diseases or infection prevention and control, and were original qualitative or quantitative studies in English. Data were extracted, cross‐checked and analyzed by two researchers, and any difference in views regarding the appropriateness of literature would be resolved by consulting a third researcher. An inductive descriptive approach was applied for the analysis of results, and themes were established via consensus meetings. Results: A total of fourteen studies from Asia, Europe, and the Americas were included. Three themes emerged from the review: "The roles of health and care workers evolve with the times", "The core competencies of health and care workers are essential for preventing emerging infectious diseases in long‐term care facilities" and "The key to successful prevention of emerging infectious diseases in long‐term care facilities is through a systematic, comprehensive effort that mobilize health and care workers at all levels". Health and care workers had to take on increasingly complex roles and rely on their core competencies to cope with epidemic changes, and facility resources, employee quality and management models were found to have significantly improved infection prevention and control outcomes. Conclusions: The roles of health and care workers are evolving, and effective infection prevention within long‐term care facilities depends on their ability to perform core competencies with skill and confidence. Moreover, a systematic, comprehensive framework, for which this paper proposes three guidelines, is urgently needed to ensure consistent policy implementation within the facility as well as support and access to resources for health and care workers. Clinical Relevance: Infection prevention efforts within long‐term care facilities must take into account the evolving roles of health and care workers, with a focus on guaranteeing access to resources, training and support that will help them gain the core competencies necessary for juggling those roles. In addition, there is an urgent need for research instruments that will help assess those competencies and identify areas of improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the attitudes and experiences of allied health students working with older adults on residential aged care placements. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies of any design describing allied health student experience of residential aged care placements. Online databases searched to identify potentially relevant documents included Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost) and Health and Medicine (ProQuest). Studies were excluded if residential aged care facilities or allied health professional students could not be extracted from the data. No restrictions were applied to methodological design, language, geographical location or year of publication. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess methodological quality. Extracted studies were analysed to identify the study design, participant and placement characteristics, study methodology and student experience measures. Data from the included studies were analysed thematically using meta‐synthesis. Results: Six studies (total number of participants, n = 308) met inclusion criteria, with four papers scoring a 5/5 on the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Studies included undergraduate and master's students from physiotherapy (n = 3), speech language pathology (n = 2), dietetics (n = 1) and audiology (n = 1). Placement length varied from two to 15 h, between one and six residential aged care visits. Three themes were identified; (1) Opportunity to improve skills and gain confidence, (2) Development of empathy and shift in attitudes towards older adults and (3) Recognised challenges associated with older adults and residential aged care settings. Conclusion: While the size of the evidence‐base is limited, the studies were largely consistent in demonstrating an increase in positive attitudes towards older adults following residential aged care placements. Future research, innovations and planning around workforce size, preparation and motivation must be prioritised to ensure older adults receive the care they need and deserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Graduate attributes are the personal qualities, skills and competencies, and values that students develop during their time at university to prepare them for work, and enable them to contribute to their communities. Occupational therapy education may foster well‐rounded individuals if the development of graduate attributes is embedded within curriculum design and delivery. Methods: This study identifies and synthesises existing knowledge on how graduate attributes are embedded in occupational therapy curricula. We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA extension for scoping review guidelines, and a qualitative research synthesis to reach a new conceptual understanding of the process of developing desired graduate attributes during occupational therapy curriculum development. Results: Ten discipline‐specific occupational therapy graduate attributes were identified. Three themes from the analysis of 15 papers explained how these attributes are embedded in curricula: Using a theoretical framework, a Graded process of active learning, and Collaborative curriculum design. Conclusion: Occupational therapy education is enhanced by being explicit about the desired graduate attributes that underpin curriculum design and delivery. Further work is needed to understand the benefits of including service users' perspectives and the value of clinical fieldwork education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This review aimed to elucidate research trends in global nursing in international literature. Design: A scoping literature review of the PRISMA was used to guide the review. Methods: PubMed was used to search for English articles published in academic journals between 2016–2018. The search keywords were "global/international/world nursing." We used thematic synthesis to analyse and interpret the data and generated topics for global nursing literature. Results: In total, 133 articles were analysed. Six topics emerged: (a) conceptualization of global nursing, (b) environmental health, (c) infectious diseases, (d) security efforts, (e) global shortage of nursing personnel and (f) diversification of study abroad programmes. The results of this review reflect today's serious international health, labour and global environmental issues. Based on these latest global nursing topics, it is necessary to develop new strategies, nursing models and environment‐related theories to create and maintain a healthy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current international healthcare focus on ensuring the perspectives and needs of individual persons, families or communities are met has led to the core tenet of person‐centred care for all. The nurse–patient relationship is central to the provision of care, and enhancing this relationship to ensure trust and respect supports optimal care outcomes for those accessing healthcare services. Engaging authentically is one of the recognised key approaches in person‐centred practice, and this scoping review of the literature aims to gain an understanding of the role this process plays in developing effective relationships between nurses and the people they care for. A systematic search of databases and grey literature was undertaken, and twenty‐one research papers met the inclusion criteria. A thematic analysis revealed four themes: 'getting to know the patient as a person', 'the complexity of relationship building—it takes time', 'the nurse: characteristics and behaviours that support the nurse–patient relationship' and 'the patient voice'. Nurses and patients both benefit from effective relationships, feeling valued and experiencing greater satisfaction with care. Key elements of engaging authentically were revealed as a nurse–patient relational process through this literature review; however, further research is needed to gain a greater understanding of this concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scoping review is one of the alternatives of producing a literature review. However, this approach still lacks a clearly accepted definition, and the scoping terminology is also somewhat fuzzy. Although the methodology of scoping review processing is relatively uniform, terminological chaos appears in the titles of studies with scoping review methodology. This paper presents an analysis of selected published studies with a focus on the content of their titles. A total of 13 thematic dimensions were identified covering the content of titles that show a degree of inconsistency and frequent terminological and methodological "chaos." This study includes a broad scope of themes and areas for which scoping reviews were produced. We would like to recommend to authors (especially scoping review beginners) to – if not necessary or desirable – avoid introducing new concepts and specifications of titles of produced and published scoping review studies. In the case of literature reviews and knowledge synthesis it is necessary to search according to specific keywords and search phrases – more fragmented scoping review terminology makes literature search more difficult or even impossible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient and public engagement in paediatric health‐care decision making is under‐researched, and there is a lack of systematically reviewed literature in this area. Objective: To examine the extent, range and nature of published research investigating the engagement of children/youth, families and the public in paediatric service improvement, to summarize key aspects of the research identified and to identify gaps to help inform future research needs. Methods: Literature was sought in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. Eligible articles presented research focused on patient, family and public engagement strategies in the paediatric health‐care setting. Two reviewers extracted and charted data and analysed findings using a descriptive numerical summary analysis and a thematic analysis. Results: From 4331 articles, 21 were eligible. Most were from the United States. The majority of studies were undertaken in hospital settings and used quantitative methods. Various patient and public engagement strategies/interventions were examined, including shared decision‐making tools, questionnaires, youth councils/family advisory groups, patient portals and online networks. Most of the studies examined child/youth/parent satisfaction, with fewer investigating treatment outcomes or service improvement. The majority of studies investigated an engagement strategy at the 'individual treatment' level of engagement. Regarding the continuum of engagement, most of the studies were at either the 'consultation' or 'involvement' stage. Conclusion: Future research needs to focus on the investigation of engagement strategies delivered in primary care, and the use of more qualitative and mixed methods approaches is recommended. There is a gap in the area of engagement strategies directed towards 'service design and resources' and 'macro/policy' levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Showing how engagement adds value for all stakeholders can be an effective motivator for broader implementation of patient engagement. However, it is unclear what methods can best be used to evaluate patient engagement. This paper is focused on ways to evaluate patient engagement at three decision‐making points in the medicines research and development process: research priority setting, clinical trial design and early dialogues with regulators and health technology assessment bodies. Objective: Our aim was to review the literature on monitoring and evaluation of patient engagement, with a focus on indicators and methods. Search strategy and inclusion criteria: We undertook a scoping literature review using a systematic search, including academic and grey literature with a focus on evaluation approaches or outcomes associated with patient engagement. No date limits were applied other than a cut‐off of publications after July 2018. Data extraction and synthesis: Data were extracted from 91 publications, coded and thematically analysed. Main results: A total of 18 benefits and 5 costs of patient engagement were identified, mapped with 28 possible indicators for their evaluation. Several quantitative and qualitative methods were found for the evaluation of benefits and costs of patient engagement. Discussion and conclusions: Currently available indicators and methods are of some use in measuring impact but are not sufficient to understand the pathway to impact, nor whether interaction between researchers and patients leads to change. We suggest that the impacts of patient engagement can best be determined not by applying single indicators, but a coherent set of measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quality improvement (QI) programs based on person‐centred outcome measures (PCOMs) play an important role in promoting optimal palliative care. However, routine use of PCOMs has been slow and difficult to implement, including within QI programs. Objective: This study aimed to identify implementation strategies that support the implementation of PCOMs as routine practice in hospital‐based palliative care, as well as the implementation theories, models and frameworks (TMFs) guiding the design of these implementation strategies. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Review framework. Four databases (Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and PubMed) were systematically searched for literature published between 1 January 1990 and 8 March 2024. Results: One hundred and fifteen unique implementation strategies, identified from 11 included studies, were mapped onto the 73 Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) discrete implementation strategies, covering 52% of the ERIC strategies. The most commonly used categories were train and educate stakeholders, and support clinicians, followed by develop stakeholder interrelationships and use evaluation and iterative strategies. Three key themes emerged: what to do; how to do it; and who to do it with. Only four studies employed TMFs to guide the design of the implementation strategies in this review. Conclusions: To promote the implementation of PCOM‐based QI programs, strategies should be developed based on identified/potential barriers and facilitators by using rigorous TMFs. The components of the implementation strategies must be reported transparently and consistently to enable replication and measurement in future research and practice. Patient and Public Contribution: This scoping review does not directly involve patients or the general public in its design or execution. However, it is part of an implementation study aimed at integrating the Palliative Care Outcome Collaboration (PCOC) model into routine clinical practice at a cancer hospital in China. Before the formal implementation, palliative care professionals from this hospital highlighted the need for a comprehensive analysis of existing evidence to support the effective adoption of the PCOC model in their specific clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The activities of extremist groups are perceived as a key threat to modern democracies. However, much remains unknown about the role families can play in prevention or disengagement from such groups. A scoping review identified seven studies that were eligible for inclusion. The findings suggest that there is limited, yet some, support for family‐directed services to directly prevent engagement in extremist groups. Rather, family directed services may indirectly influence this by strengthening family members' resilience and thus their ability to engage with the family member. Additionally, professionals working with families where a member is on a path to developing extremist ideology should continuously reflect upon their professional conduct and develop a narrative approach to reduce resistance. An important limitation to these findings is the different contexts and countries they have been conducted in, spanning from East Africa to Northern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The shift in medical education from time‐based learning to outcome‐based learning has drawn much attention to entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as an ideal assessment framework to translate competencies into clinical practice. Given the relative novelty of EPAs, this review aims to highlight research gaps and explore and consolidate available evidence pertaining to the development and implementation of EPAs in health care. Method: Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework was used to present the findings. The authors performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, MedNar, OpenGrey and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses for English articles published from the inception of each database to May 2018. A manual search of the reference lists of the included studies was conducted and an expert panel was consulted. Two reviewers screened the articles for eligibility using the inclusion criteria. All authors extracted key data and analysed the data descriptively. Thematic analysis was used to categorise the results into themes. Results: Eighty articles were included in the review. All articles were published between 2010 and 2018. Three major themes and eight sub‐themes were generated: (i) development of EPAs (frameworks for EPA development and implementation, identifying core or specialty‐specific EPAs, and EPAs for faculty development), (ii) evaluation of EPAs and EPA entrustment factors (revised curriculum, entrustment decisions for professional activities, and feedback on implemented EPAs and the development process), and (iii) future directions and recommendations for EPAs (implementation of EPAs in undergraduate medical education and specific disciplines, and other criticisms and recommendations for EPAs). Conclusions: Entrustable professional activities are an essential means to translate competencies into observable and measurable clinical practice. However, high‐level evidence‐based research on the efficacy, development and implementation of EPAs for specific target groups (i.e. undergraduates and staff) and geographical regions (i.e. Asia and Africa) is still lacking, which suggests a direction for future research. By reviewing the literature on Entrustable Professional Activities, Shorey et al. highlight an urgent need for high‐level evidence‐based research on the efficacy, development and implementation of EPAs for specific target groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite a recent surge in literature identifying professional identity formation (PIF) as a key process in physician development, the empiric study of PIF in medicine remains in its infancy. To gain insight about PIF, the authors examined the medical literature and that of two other helping professions. Methods: The authors conducted a scoping review and qualitative metasynthesis of PIF in medicine, nursing and counselling/psychology. For the scoping review, four databases were searched using a combination of keywords to identify empiric studies on PIF in trainees. After a two‐step screening process, thematic analysis was used to conduct the metasynthesis on screened articles. Results: A total of 7451 titles and abstracts were screened; 92 studies were included in the scoping review. Saturation was reached in the qualitative metasynthesis after reviewing 29 articles. Conclusion: The metasynthesis revealed three inter‐related PIF themes across the helping professions: the importance of clinical experience, the role of trainees' expectations of what a helping professional is or should be, and the impact of broader professional culture and systems on PIF. Upon reflection, most striking was that only 10 of the 92 articles examined trainee's sociocultural data, such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age and socio‐economic status, in a robust way and included them in their analysis and interpretation. This raises the question of whether conceptions of PIF suffer from sociocultural bias, thereby disadvantaging trainees from diverse populations and preserving the status quo of an historically white, male medical culture. While Professional Identity Formation is a well established construct, this paper questions the extent to which its conceptualization might suffer from sociocultural bias, thereby disadvantaging trainees from diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Support for the enrolment of adolescents in research has been constrained by uncertainties in parental involvement, and the lack of clarity in the ethical and legal frameworks. We conducted a scoping review to examine articles that explored the opinion of scholars on the question of adolescent consent and conditions for parental waivers in research in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) tool, we searched electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASSE, EBSCOHOST) and also reviewed the references of articles identified for additional relevant literature. We included full text English articles focusing on adolescent consent and parental waivers in SSA that were published between 2004 and 2020. We excluded studies focusing on healthcare, theses, and reviews. We reviewed a total of 21 publications from South Africa (n = 12), Kenya (n = 4) and Botswana, Malawi, Nigeria, Uganda and Zimbabwe (n = 1 each). We identified four broad thematic issues: the current position regarding parental waivers and self‐consent; parental involvement in the consent process; the role of community approval or consent when adolescent self‐consent approaches were used; and complexities and ambiguities in legal requirements and ethical guidelines on adolescent consent. Our findings show inconsistencies and ambiguities in the existing legal and ethical frameworks within and across different countries, and underscore the need for consistent and clearer guidance on parental waivers and adolescent self‐consent. Harmonization of the legal and ethical frameworks taking into account varying contexts is critically important to ensure research on adolescents in SSA meets adolescents' specific unmet needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: The concept of resilience is popular in both the mainstream media and in health and human services research. Over the last 40 years, the term has been moulded and transformed from the idea of a trait that can be fostered within the individual towards a transactional concept with an emphasis on environmental factors. Although many current definitions are used to describe and talk about resilience, the dynamism of the concept is a common element across most current discussions and research applications. This paper provides an opportunity to place the concept of resilience within a framework for future application at the clinical frontlines. Methods: An extensive scoping review on the existing literature was undertaken to explore recurring themes associated with resilience in families and children, particularly in the context of childhood disability. This literature was mapped and categorized in the context of World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework to create recommendations for practical application by health professionals. Findings: Three major themes emerged: (a) the idea of resilience as a state of an individual at a specific point in time rather than a built‐in trait; (b) the idea of resilience as dynamic rather than static; and (c) the value of a framework into which to place the components of “resilience.” Conclusions: The relative ease with which resilience concepts is situated within the ICF is an indication that the ICF framework provides a useful way to incorporate concepts of resilience for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This scoping review explored: (i) the role of unregulated care providers in the healthcare system; (ii) their potential role on interprofessional teams; (iii) the impact of unregulated care provider’s role on quality of care and patient safety; and (iv) education and employment standards. Background: Unregulated care providers in Canada assist older adults with personal support and activities of daily living in a variety of care settings. As the care needs of an aging population become increasingly complex, the role of unregulated care providers in healthcare delivery has also evolved. Currently, many unregulated care providers are performing tasks previously performed by regulated health professionals, with potential implications for quality of care and patient safety. Information is fragmented on the role, education and employment standards of unregulated care providers. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methods outlined by Arksey and O'Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 2005, 19) and Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien (Implementation Science, 5, 2010, 69). An iterative search of published and grey literature was conducted from January 2000 to September 2016 using Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Google. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify relevant studies published in English. Results: The search yielded 63 papers for review. Results highlight the evolving role of unregulated care providers, a lack of recognition and a lack of authority for unregulated care provider decision‐making in patient care. Unregulated care providers do not have a defined scope of practice. However, their role has evolved to include activities previously performed by regulated professionals. Variations in education and employment standards have implications for quality of care and patient safety. Conclusions: Unregulated care providers are part of an important workforce in the long‐term care and community sectors in Canada. Their evolving role should be recognised and efforts made to leverage their experience on interprofessional teams and reduce variations in education and employment standards. Implications for practice: This study highlights the evolving role of unregulated care providers in Canada and presents a set of recommendations for implementation at micro, meso, and macro policy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A growing body of research is addressing the process and science of engaging people with lived experience (PWLE) of mental health challenges and other psychiatric conditions, and family members, in research activities. Objective: This scoping review of reviews synthesizes literature reviews on the engagement of PWLE and family members in research across the field of psychiatry. Method: Systematic searches were conducted in seven bibliographic databases. Records were independently screened first at the title and abstract level, then at the full‐text level. Included were any literature synthesis studies published in English, French, or Spanish in any given year, focusing on the engagement of PWLE and/or family members in research within psychiatry. Twenty records were included. Data were extracted in a spreadsheet and codebook thematic analysis was used across the body of articles to synthesize the findings. Results: Aspects of PWLE engagement have been synthesized in 20 review articles reviewing 376 articles across psychiatry as a whole and several subpopulations, including youth mental health, dementia, neurodevelopmental disorders, people who use drugs, and forensic mental health. Information specific to family engagement is lacking. Barriers, facilitators, and positive impacts of PWLE engagement have been widely reported across domains of research, with a considerable degree of consensus across subpopulations. Some negative impacts and reporting challenges have also been identified. Discussion: This scoping review of reviews provides an overarching understanding of the current state of the science of PWLE and family engagement across psychiatry research. The findings can inform future research practices enriched with a genuine and effective engagement with PWLE and families. Patient or Public Contribution: The authorship team includes members with intersecting lived experience and academic identities. Additional lived experience engagement was not conducted as part of this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The involvement of people with lived experience (LEX) workers in the development, design, and delivery of integrated health services seeks to improve service user engagement and health outcomes and reduce healthcare gaps. Yet, LEX workers report feeling undervalued and having limited influence on service delivery. There is a need for systematic improvements in how LEX workforces are engaged and supported to ensure the LEX workforce can fully contribute to integrated systems of care. Objective: This study aimed to operationalize the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) using a rigorous scoping review methodology and co‐creation process, so it could be used by health services seeking to build and strengthen their LEX workforce. Search Strategy: A systematic literature search of four databases was undertaken to identify peer‐reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2022 providing evidence of the inclusion of LEX workers in direct health service provision. Data Extraction and Synthesis: A descriptive‐analytical method was used to map current evidence of LEX workers onto the CFIR. Then, co‐creation sessions with LEX workers (n = 4) and their counterparts—nonpeer workers (n = 2)—further clarified the structural policies and strategies that allow people with LEX to actively participate in the provision and enhancement of integrated health service delivery. Main Results: Essential components underpinning the successful integration of LEX roles included: the capacity to engage in a co‐creation process with individuals with LEX before the implementation of the role or intervention; and enhanced representation of LEX across organizational structures. Discussion and Conclusion: The adapted CFIR for LEX workers (CFIR‐LEX) that was developed as a result of this work clarifies contextual components that support the successful integration of LEX roles into the development, design, and delivery of integrated health services. Further work must be done to operationalize the framework in a local context and to better understand the ongoing application of the framework in a health setting. Patient or Public Contribution: People with LEX were involved in the operationalization of the CFIR, including contributing their expertise to the domain adaptations that were relevant to the LEX workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To map the themes and methods of nursing researches involving eye‐tracking as a measurement, and offer suggestion for future nursing research using eye‐tracking. Design: We conducted a scoping review following the methodology outlined in the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis on scoping reviews. Methods: Eligibility criteria were established based on Population (involving nursing or nursing students), Concept (utilizing eye‐tracking as a research method), and Context (in any setting). Articles were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, and Scopus databases, spanning from database inception to November 17, 2023. The included studies were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: After duplicates were removed, 815 citations were identified from searches of electronic databases and other resources, and 66 met the inclusion criteria finally. Thirty‐eight studies were conducted in a simulated environment. Five application domains were identified, and most of the studies (N = 50) were observational. The domains found in our review did not cover all topics of nursing research in the same depth. Additionally, 39 studies did not solely explicate eye‐tracking data but instead integrated behavioural measures, scales/questionnaires, or other physiological data. Conclusions: Eye‐tracking emerges as a significant research tool in uncovering visual behaviour, particularly in nursing research focused on nursing education. This study not only summarized the application and interpretation of eye‐tracking data but also recognized its potential in advancing clinical nursing research and practice. To effectively harness the capabilities of eye‐tracking in elucidating cognitive processes, future research should aim for a clearer grasp of the theoretical underpinnings of the addressed research problems and methodological choices. It is crucial to emphasize the standardization of eye‐tracking method reporting and ensuring data quality. No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural medical education is known as one of the most effective strategies in improving rural recruitment and retention. The aim was to identify modes of delivery to improve access to rural postgraduate medical education. Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework was used for conducting scoping reviews. CINAHL, Google Scholar, ERIC, PsycINFO, Medline and PubMed were searched to identify peer‐reviewed English‐language literature published between 2000 and 2019 focusing on postgraduate rural and regional medical education. A total of 102 articles were identified, with 51 included in the final analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcome measures included: article type; research methodology; date of publication; country of origin; and study population. Through iterative reading, common themes were identified. A typology of 6 content themes emerged as follows: rural curriculum; procedural skills; rurally based learning; service delivery; workforce; and distance learning. The majority of articles focused on rural curriculum, and rurally based learning, with half originating from Australia or New Zealand. Although results strongly emphasised context and curriculum in rural environments, lack of specific and pragmatic approaches was noted. Surprisingly, few articles focused on rural distance learning utilising information and communication technology. Pathways to improve rural education access include recognition of the unique rural context in curriculums; development of rural educational faculty; and creation of opportunities for rural specialist training. Emphasis should be given for education provided through rural centres rather than urban facilities. Use of information technology could be increased, for example in remote trainee supervision programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Educators and researchers recently implemented developmental progress assessment (DPA) in the context of competency‐based education. To reap its anticipated benefits, much still remains to be understood about its implementation. In this study, we aimed to determine the nature and extent of the current evidence on DPA, in an effort to broaden our understanding of the major goals and intended outcomes of DPA as well as the lessons learned from how it has been executed in, or applied across, educational contexts. Methods: We conducted a scoping study based on the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley. Our search strategy yielded 2494 articles. These articles were screened for inclusion and exclusion (90% agreement), and numerical and qualitative data were extracted from 56 articles based on a pre‐defined set of charting categories. The thematic analysis of the qualitative data was completed with iterative consultations and discussions until consensus was achieved for the interpretation of the results. Results: Tools used to document DPA include scales, milestones and portfolios. Performances were observed in clinical or standardised contexts. We identified seven major themes in our qualitative thematic analysis: (a) underlying aims of DPA; (b) sources of information; (c) barriers; (d) contextual factors that can act as barriers or facilitators to the implementation of DPA; (e) facilitators; (f) observed outcomes, and (g) documented validity evidences. Conclusions: Developmental progress assessment seems to fill a need in the training of future competent health professionals. However, moving forward with a widespread implementation of DPA, factors such as lack of access to user‐friendly technology and time to observe performance may render its operationalisation burdensome in the context of competency‐based medical education. Adding to the Cross‐cutting edge series, Johnston et al. introduce readers to the postmodern concept of the simulacrum, explore its relevance to the growing field of simulation education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This scoping review examined the factors affecting access to dialysis for patients with end‐stage kidney disease in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Design: Scoping review. Methods: The scoping review is conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and modelled by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses extension for scoping review. Results: A descriptive content analysis of 30 included articles revealed three main findings affecting access and use of dialysis: Health system–related factors, health provider–related factors and patient factors. Patient or Public Contribution: Equity in renal replacement therapy access and use will require concerted advocacy for good public policy, healthcare delivery, workforce capacity and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To analyse the aspects involved in the care of individuals assessed as kidney transplant candidates and to identify the role of nurses in providing specialised care for this population. Design: Scoping review. The results were summarised using a narrative synthesis technique. Data Sources: A review of the literature published between 2001 and 2021 was conducted between October and November 2021 using PubMed, CINAHL and SciELO. Review Methods: The research team agreed on a search strategy based on clinical practice guidelines for assessing kidney transplantation candidates. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies published in peer‐reviewed journals in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese were included. Results: A total of 377 studies were identified, and 49 articles were included after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The narrative synthesis was structured into four themes: Physical needs; Psychological and quality of life needs; Education and adherence needs; and Nurses' role. Conclusion: Nursing assessment of kidney transplantation candidates should encompass physical, psychosocial and adherence aspects. A variety of methodologies and resources are available for this assessment. Nurses contribute to coordinating access to kidney transplantation, aiming to improve adherence to an appropriate lifestyle to prevent patients from being excluded from kidney transplantation or suffering from kidney transplantation–related complications. Impact: Based on our findings, we managed to design a nursing care map for kidney transplantation candidates combining the main elements of nursing care that should be incorporated into this process. Advanced practice nursing professionals play a crucial role in accessing renal transplant care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is growing evidence demonstrating the impact of engaging people with lived experience (PWLE) in health research. However, it remains unclear what evidence is available regarding the impact of engagement specific to mental health and substance use research. Methods: A scoping review of three databases and thematic analysis were conducted. Sixty‐one articles that described the impact of engagement in mental health and substance use research on either individual experiences or the research process were included. Results: Key topics include (a) the impact of engagement on individual experiences; (b) the impact of engagement on the research process; and (c) facilitators and barriers to impactful engagement. Studies largely focused on the perceived positive impact of engagement on PWLE (e.g., personal and professional growth, empowering and rewarding experience, feeling heard and valued), researchers (e.g., rewarding experience, deeper understanding of research topic, changes to practice), and study participants (e.g., added value, fostered a safe space). Engagement activities were perceived to improve facets of the research process, such as improvements to research quality (e.g., rigour, trustworthiness, relevance to the community), research components (e.g., recruitment), and the research environment (e.g., shifted power dynamics). Facilitators and barriers were mapped onto the lived experience, researcher, team, and institutional levels. Commonly used terminologies for engagement and PWLE were discussed. Conclusion: Engaging PWLE—from consultation to co‐creation throughout the research cycle—is perceived as having a positive impact on both the research process and individual experiences. Future research is needed to bring consistency to engagement, leverage the facilitators to engagement, and address the barriers, and in turn generate research findings that have value not only to the scientific community, but also to the people impacted by the science. Patient or Public Contribution: PWLE were engaged throughout the scoping review process, including the screening phase, analysis phase, and write‐up phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Deformational plagiocephaly can be prevented in many healthy infants if strategies are implemented early after birth. However, despite efforts to disseminate accurate information, parental adherence to evidence‐based prevention strategies is a challenge. To date, factors – barriers and facilitators – influencing parental adherence to strategies have yet to be identified in a comprehensive manner. Objectives: This scoping review aims to identify and synthesize current evidence on barriers and facilitators impacting adherence of parents of newborns to deformational plagiocephaly prevention strategies. Methods: This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) process guidelines. Seven electronic (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete, AMED, PsychINFO and Scopus) and two grey literature (Health Systems Evidence and Grey Literature Report) databases were searched. Studies published between 2001 and 2022 were included. The deductive thematic data analysis used was guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation Behavioral Model (COM‐B) of health behaviour change. Results: From a total of 1172 articles, 15 met the eligibility criteria. All components of the COM‐B framework were identified. Capability‐psychological and opportunity‐environmental factors dominated the literature, whereas capability‐physical, motivation and, in particular, opportunity‐social factors were understudied. The most often reported barriers were a lack of knowledge of deformational plagiocephaly and the associated prevention strategies, ambiguous or inconsistent messaging, intolerance of babies to prone positioning and a lack of time. The most frequently reported facilitators were an awareness of deformational plagiocephaly, postural asymmetry and prevention strategies, skill acquisition with practice, accurate convincing information, scheduled time and environmental organization to position the baby at home. Discussion: Recommendations focused on diffusing accurate and detailed information for parents. Our review also suggests a gap regarding the comprehensive identification of factors influencing parental adherence to deformational plagiocephaly prevention strategies. Further studies exploring comprehensive opportunity‐social and motivation factors influencing parental adherence to deformational plagiocephaly prevention strategies are warranted to inform prevention programmes and foster better infant outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To understand nurses' perceptions of volunteer support in health care settings. Background: Increasingly, volunteers provide specialised support to health care service users, requiring volunteers and nurses to work closely together. However, little is known about nurses' perceptions of volunteer support. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA‐ScR checklist. A mixed‐methods convergent integrative approach was taken guided by the JBI framework. Quantitative data were transformed into qualitative data for synthesis and descriptive thematic analysis. Six databases were searched (CINHAL+, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, ProQuest Health and Medical Collection) on 24 January 2022 using terms related to nurses, perceptions, volunteers and care settings, followed by a manual search. The search was limited to English language articles published during 2000–2022. Studies were included if they reported nurses' perceptions of volunteers supporting care within any health care setting. Results: Of the 943 records identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. All 12 were included in the review following critical appraisal. Five themes were identified: perceived benefits for patients, volunteers providing support for nursing staff, nurses' valuing volunteer support, nurses' understanding of the volunteer role and nurses' understanding of recruitment and training of volunteers. Conclusion: Nurses generally viewed volunteer support positively and perceived that it benefitted patients and assisted nurses. Some nurses raised concerns about the burden of additional supervision of volunteers and lacked knowledge of the volunteer role, recruitment and training. Emerging innovative models of nurse‐led volunteer support can maximise the contribution of volunteers and help overcome barriers to volunteer acceptance. Implications: These findings will inform volunteer policies and provide guidance in developing volunteer support programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A category of symptoms that became characteristic early in the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic was chemosensory dysfunctions (alterations of smell and taste). Such symptoms substantially affect food and eating—cornerstones for both nutrition‐related health outcomes and for quality of life. Based on this, this scoping review aimed to map out existing scientific literature on food‐related experiences and related behavioral responses among people affected by chemosensory dysfunctions following COVID‐19. A librarian‐supported search of PsycInfo, PubMed, and Scopus for publications written in English (2020 to April 26, 2022) was conducted. Two authors searched for and screened publications and three others extracted and collated data. These are reported following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Of 1169 hits, 9 publications were included in the review. The results are thematized as "Psychological and social aspects" and "Nutritional aspects," each with the subsections "Experiences" and "Behavioral responses." A great variety of food‐related problems, nutritional and mental health effects, and implications for social life are identified. People affected by chemosensory dysfunctions following COVID‐19 suffer, as evident both in stories from qualitative studies and in measurements of quality of life. The results impact all professions who are and may come to be involved in treating these patients, such as nurses, physicians, dietitians, and psychologists. With more knowledge about the dysfunctions' manifestation, duration, and impact on everyday life, multiprofessional teams need to collaborate in supporting patients medically, psychosocially, and nutritionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Participating in family gatherings can provide enjoyment and quality time together as a family. However, being the primary carers, mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder may experience this phenomenon differently. The purpose of this study is to explore how available literature describes mothers' experiences of participation in family gatherings and social events with their children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A scoping review was used to explore available literature and identify studies describing mothers' experiences of family gatherings and social events with their children. A thematic synthesis was performed to analyse and synthesise the findings. Results: A total of 8 articles were included for review. The analysis of the included studies resulted in one central theme—Negative experiences despite strategies—and four analytical themes: Feeling fear, stress, and anxiety; Avoiding family gatherings; Enjoying less and becoming less confident; and Using strategies. Conclusion: These findings indicate that mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder experience difficulties during gatherings even when using strategies, hence limiting their participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Successful completion of clinical education experiences is a graduation requirement for students in occupational therapy and physical therapy programmes. A scoping review was conducted to determine what is known about possible clinical experience performance predictors and to find associated research gaps. Methods: The search included one hand‐searched journal and seven databases, which were used to identify related relevant studies: CINAHL, Education Database, Education Source, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PubMed, REHABDATA, and Web of Science. A research librarian guided the search process, and the review's reporting is structured by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) Checklist. Studies were included if they contained predictors of clinical experience success indicated by validated performance evaluation tools that were scored by clinical instructors. A multidisciplinary team reviewed the title, abstract, and full text for inclusion and conducted thematic data synthesis to categorise findings. Findings: Twenty‐six articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority of articles were of correlational design and included single institutions. Seventeen articles included occupational therapy, eight included physical therapy, with only one article including both programmes. Four categories of predictors of clinical experience success were identified: pre‐admission variables, academic preparation, learner characteristics, and demographics. Each of the main categories included three to six subcategories. Key findings included the following: (a) The most common cited predictors in clinical experiences are academic preparation and learner characteristics, (b) more experimental design studies are needed to determine the causal relationship between predictors and clinical experience success, and (c) future research is needed on ethnic disparities and clinical experience success. Conclusion: Findings from this review show that possible predictors of clinical experience success include a wide range of factors when correlating success with a standardised tool. Academic preparation and learner characteristics were the most investigated predictors. There were only a small number of studies that found a correlation with pre‐admission variables. The findings of this study suggest that students' academic achievement may be a critical element of clinical experience preparation. Future research using experimental designs and across institutions is needed to determine the main predictors for student success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Our professional identity refers to our sense of who we are and how we should behave as professionals. Professional identities are developed through socialisation processes: Established ways of knowing and doing are acquired and reproduced. The professional identities of health care professionals have implications for the realisation of health care reforms that require new ways of being and doing from clinicians. Tension and frustration can arise when professional identities are incongruent with reform directions. More knowledge is required about the professional identities of mental health care professionals—including clinical psychologists—so that they can be supported to develop professional identities that align with health care system reforms. Method: We undertook a scoping review of existing literature aiming to (i) identify the relevant literature; (ii) review the literature quality; (iii) thematically summarise the literature findings; (iv) consult with clinical psychologists; and (v) identify recommendations for research, training and practice. Results: A systematic database search (PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science) identified 24 relevant published articles and dissertations. Quantitative studies were excluded due to their markedly different research focus. Included studies were independently reviewed and findings summarised. Findings were organised around three themes: 'integration of personal and professional identities', 'intersectionality' and 'changes in professional identity over time'. Research quality issues were identified. The trustworthiness of the findings was corroborated in consultation with clinical psychologists. Discussion: Clinical psychologists recognise their professional identities as being interrelated with their personal identities and changing over time. They recognised professional identity as important yet inadequately considered in the profession. The research area is emerging yet remains undertheorised and requires improved research methodologies. Future theoretically informed research is required to build up a credible research base to better understand the development of clinical psychologists' professional identities so that this process can be facilitated to enable the realisation of health care reforms. Schubert at al. review the literature to determine what is required to nurture and support professional identity from training to practice in ways that support the realisation of mental healthcare reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Physiological signs of clinical deterioration are known to occur in the hours preceding a serious adverse event. As a result, track and trigger systems known as early warning systems (EWS) were introduced and routinely implemented as patient observation tools to trigger an alert in the presence of abnormal vital signs. Objective: The objective aimed to explore the literature pertaining to EWS and their utilisation in rural, remote and regional health care facilities. Design: The Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework was used to guide the scoping review. Only studies reporting on rural, remote and regional health care settings were included. All four authors participated in the screening, data extraction and analysis process. Findings Our search strategy yielded 3869 peer‐reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2022, with six studies ultimately included. Collectively, the studies included in this scoping review examined the complex interaction between patient vital signs observation charts and recognition of patient deterioration. Discussion: Whilst rural, remote and regional clinicians use EWS to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration, noncompliance dilutes the tool's effectiveness. This overarching finding is informed by three contributing factors: documentation, communication and challenges specific to the rural context. Conclusion: The success of EWS relies on accurate documentation and effective communication within the interdisciplinary team to support appropriate responses to clinical patient decline. More research is required to understand the nuances and complexities of rural and remote nursing and to address challenges associated with the use of EWS in rural health care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maladaptive therapist schemas are hypothesized to generate difficulties within cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) practice, training and supervision. Without adequate identification and management, they negatively affect the cognitions and emotions of the therapist, leading them to behave in ways that risk ruptures or therapy and supervision being delivered in a suboptimal fashion. Consequently, there is a need to synthesize the research that has been undertaken to date on the content, prevalence, identification and management of maladaptive therapist schemas. Method: A scoping review was undertaken of studies that have been published since 2001 on the impact of maladaptive therapist schemas (also referred to interchangeably as beliefs or cognitions) in CBT practice, training and supervision. Thirteen studies were identified in a literature search from four electronic databases, a reference list search of identified articles and hand searches. Results: Three overall themes were identified in the research: (1) prevalence of therapist schemas, (2) specific therapist beliefs and (3) therapist characteristics associated with the delivery of suboptimal CBT or supervision. While there is little empirical support for therapist schemas, therapist resistance and beliefs relating to the fear of using exposure therapy were identified. Therapist intolerance of uncertainty and self‐esteem were recurrent factors. Conclusion: There is no consensus on how to define, identify, formulate or respond to maladaptive therapist beliefs or schemas in clinical practice, training or supervision. Further research is needed to better understand their origins, maintaining factors and appropriate management of their impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Although precision medicine is seen by many as one of the most promising advances in the field of medicine, it has also raised critical questions at various levels. Many of these concerns revolve around an observation described by Kimmelman and Tannock as the 'paradox of precision medicine': somewhat surprisingly, uncertainty seems to be a key characteristic of precision medicine in practice. Aims and Objective: To better understand this concept and the underlying issues, a scoping review was undertaken to search for factors stated in the literature as contributing to or being aspects of uncertainty in precision medicine. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in three databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, and Jstor) and complemented with a systematic hand‐search. The initial search provided 1.252 items of which 51 articles for selected as eligible for further analysis. These articles were coded with MAXQDA and categorized into four main themes (a–d) of uncertainty. The main results were summarized and discussed with a view to the interrelations between different aspects and implications for precision medicine in practice. Results: The mapping of different aspects and sources of uncertainty leads to the key result that 'uncertainty' should be understood as a cluster concept. Uncertainties are identified in many different respects and situated at different levels: Most complexity‐related issues (theme a) can best be understood as ontological ('world‐sided') aspects of the uncertainty paradox. Conceptual (theme b) and evidence‐related uncertainties (theme c) are situated on an epistemological or methodological level, addressing foundational and normative challenges related to knowledge production in precision medicine. Finally, theme (d) targets issues on the level of material precision medicine practices. These levels are helpful to understand the different dimensions of the uncertainty paradox. Conclusions: Uncertainty may not merely be a transient effect of the novelty of the precision medicine paradigm. Rather, it should be seen as a consequence of the ontological, epistemological and practical complexity of precision medicine, implying that uncertainty will not necessarily be reduced by more research. This finding encourages further investigations to better understand the interactions among various factors and aspects of uncertainty in precision medicine and the resulting implications for research and medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Even when maternity care facilities are available, some women will choose to give birth unassisted by a professional (freebirth). This became more apparent during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), as women were increasingly concerned they would contract the virus in health care facilities. Several studies have identified the factors that influence women to seek alternative places of birth to hospitals, but research focusing specifically on freebirth is limited. Methods: Eight databases were searched from their respective inception dates to April 2022 for studies related to freebirth. Data from the studies were charted and a thematic analysis was subsequently conducted. Results: Four themes were identified based on findings from the 25 included studies: (1) Geographical and socio‐demographic determinants influencing freebirth, (2) Reasons for choosing freebirth, (3) Factors hindering freebirth, and (4) Preparation for and varied experiences of freebirth. Discussion: More women chose to give birth unassisted in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) compared with high‐income countries (HICs). Overall, motivation for freebirth included previous negative birth experiences with health care professionals, a desire to adhere to their birth‐related beliefs, and fear of contracting the COVID‐19 virus. Included studies reported that study participants were often met with negative responses when they revealed that they were planning to freebirth. Most women in the included studies had positive freebirth experiences. Future research should explore the different motivators of freebirth present in LMICs or HICs to help inform effective policies that may improve birth experiences while maintaining safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a significantly higher number of people experiencing severe levels of suicidal thoughts compared to that of suicidal deaths and suicide attempts. In suicide prevention research, there is a shift towards greater emphasis on people's experiences of living with suicidal thoughts. This can expand the existing evidence base, which is dominated by a biomedical approach. The aim of this review was to summarise and disseminate existing research on the lived experiences of living with suicidal thoughts. Methods: A scoping review by Arksey & O'Malley consisting of six stages: (1) formulating the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting studies, (4) mapping data, (5) summarising the results and (6) consulting stakeholders. PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched for studies in English, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian. Peer‐reviewed articles examining people's experiences of living with suicidal thoughts using qualitative methods were included. The search was supplemented with a citation pearl search in the Web of Science database. Twenty‐eight studies were included. Results: The findings were organised under two thematic headings: (a) the significance of social connections and (b) a loss of the personal self. Conclusion: There is a need for further qualitative research of people's experiences of living with suicidal thoughts from an everyday life perspective. Awareness about social connections and attachment in mental health prevention and governance is crucial. Trauma‐informed care could be a useful approach to prevent suicidal thoughts as the review found that many participants had traumatic experiences in both childhood and adulthood. As part of the treatment of suicidal thoughts, it might be useful to have a focus on narrative and communicative methods and their clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feedback on performance enhances student confidence and clinical skills and promotes safe clinical practice. Experiences of feedback are well documented across many health disciplines; however, less is known about paramedicine students' experiences of feedback on‐road in an emergency ambulance. The aim of this scoping review was to identify what is known about paramedicine students' experiences of feedback during clinical placement on‐road in an emergency ambulance. A review of studies between 2000 and 2021 was undertaken, guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. Databases included CINAHL, EMBASE, EBSCO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, ERIC (ProQuest), ProQuest (Nursing and Allied Health), Trove, and Open Accessd Theses and Dissertations. Three studies were identified. Feedback is valued by paramedicine students; however, it can be personal and destructive in nature. Paramedics are enthusiastic and supportive and provide clear feedback. Paramedics face challenges supervising students and may lack preparation to provide feedback. There is limited evidence on paramedicine students' experiences of feedback during clinical placement. Further exploration is needed to gain further understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]