6 results
Search Results
2. First detection of porcine circovirus type 3 in Colombia and the complete genome sequence demonstrates the circulation of PCV3a1 and PCV3a2.
- Author
-
Vargas‐Bermudez, Diana S., Campos, Fabricio S., Bonil, Laura, Mogollon, Darío, and Jaime, Jairo
- Subjects
NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,LYMPH nodes ,GENOMES ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction - Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) was recently discovered and is a new species of the genus circovirus. Clinically, it is associated with absence of symptoms or with different clinical syndromes. It has been reported in different countries of America, Europe and Asia. Last year, in Colombia, some farms have reported symptoms similar to those caused by PCV2. Samples were taken from two farms located in the centre of the country, and the presence of PCV3 was determined by PCR in two samples, one from a pool of sera and another from mesenteric lymph node. The strains were fully sequenced (GenBank accession numbers MH327784 and MH327785) and classified into subgroups a1 and a2. According to this classification and its analysis, strain a2 is located within the group called "Linker" that may be evolving towards group "b". In addition to the above, the two Colombian strains were compared with 104 strains reported in the GenBank database. The phylogenetic tree obtained grouped according to the classification of subgroups a1, a2, b1 and b2. It was found that subgroups a1 and a2 were well grouped when comparing whole genomes, but the same was not observed with the strains of group "b". In the latter, no subgroups were evidenced when comparing complete genomes. It is suggested that a new classification of PCV3 subgroups should be proposed, based on whole genome sequences. This is the first report of PCV3 in Colombia and its complete genome sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Birth prevalence of congenital talipes equinovarus in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Smythe, Tracey, Kuper, Hannah, Macleod, David, Foster, Allen, and Lavy, Christopher
- Subjects
CLUBFOOT ,FOOT abnormalities ,DISEASE prevalence ,LOW-income countries ,MIDDLE-income countries ,WILCOXON signed-rank test ,DEVELOPING countries ,LABOR (Obstetrics) ,META-analysis ,SYSTEMATIC reviews - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Global summary of maternal and newborn vitamin D status - a systematic review.
- Author
-
Saraf, Rajneeta, Morton, Susan M.B., Camargo, Carlos A., and Grant, Cameron C.
- Subjects
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,HEALTH ,MEDICAL databases ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,LIQUID chromatography ,MASS spectrometry ,MEDLINE ,META-analysis ,MOTHERS ,RADIOIMMUNOASSAY ,RESEARCH funding ,VITAMIN D ,VITAMIN D deficiency ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases ,DISEASE prevalence ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,NUTRITIONAL status ,CHILDREN ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
Pregnant women and newborns are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. Our objective was to create a global summary of maternal and newborn vitamin D status. We completed a systematic review (1959–2014) and meta‐analysis of studies reporting serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in maternal and newborn populations. The 95 identified studies were unevenly distributed by World Health Organization (WHO) region: Americas (24), European (33), Eastern Mediterranean (13), South‐East Asian (7), Western Pacific (16) and African (2). Average maternal 25(OH)D concentrations (nmol L−1) by region were 47–65 (Americas), 15–72 (European), 13–60 (Eastern Mediterranean), 20–52 (South‐East Asian), 42–72 (Western Pacific) and 92 (African). Average newborn 25(OH)D concentrations (nmol L−1) were 35–77 (Americas), 20–50 (European), 5–50 (Eastern Mediterranean), 20–22 (South‐East Asian), 32–67 (Western Pacific) and 27–35 (African). The prevalences of 25(OH)D <50 and <25 nmol L−1 by WHO region in pregnant women were: Americas (64%, 9%), European (57%, 23%), Eastern Mediterranean (46%, 79%), South‐East Asian (87%, not available) and Western Pacific (83%, 13%). Among newborns these values were: Americas (30%, 14%), European (73%, 39%), Eastern Mediterranean (60%, not available), South‐East Asian (96%, 45%) and Western Pacific (54%, 14%). By global region, average 25(OH)D concentration varies threefold in pregnant women and newborns, and prevalence of 25(OH)D <25 nmol L−1 varies eightfold in pregnant women and threefold in newborns. Maternal and newborn 25(OH)D concentrations are highly correlated. Addressing vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and newborns should be a global priority. To protect children from the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency requires appropriate interventions during both pregnancy and childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Physicians' adherence to guideline-recommended medications in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: data from the QUALIFY global survey.
- Author
-
Komajda, Michel, Anker, Stefan D., Cowie, Martin R., Filippatos, Gerasimos S., Mengelle, Bastian, Ponikowski, Piotr, and Tavazzi, Luigi
- Subjects
HEART failure treatment ,PHYSICIAN adherence ,VENTRICULAR ejection fraction ,HOSPITAL care ,ACE inhibitors ,ANGIOTENSIN receptors ,THERAPEUTICS ,ADRENERGIC beta blockers ,HETEROCYCLIC compounds ,ALDOSTERONE antagonists ,CARDIOVASCULAR agents ,CHRONIC diseases ,HEART failure ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDICAL protocols ,STROKE volume (Cardiac output) - Abstract
Aims: To assess physicians' adherence to guideline-recommended medications for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) with reduced ejection fraction.Methods and Results: QUALIFY is an international prospective observational longitudinal survey of 7092 CHF outpatients recruited 1-15 months after hospitalization for heart failure from September 2013 to December 2014 in 547 centres in 36 countries. We constructed a five-class guideline adherence score for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and ivabradine. The adherence score was good in 67%, moderate in 25%, and poor in 8% of patients. Adherence was lower in women than men but there were differences in age (65.7 ± 12.5 years women vs. 62.2 ± 12.4 years men, P < 0.001) and the proportion of women at ≥50% target dose of beta-blockers was lower in those >67 years (median) (11% vs. 16.2%, P = 0.005). Geographic variations were observed with lower adherence scores in Central/Eastern European countries. The proportion of patients at target dose and ≥50% of target dose was low (27.9% and 63.3% for ACEIs, 14.8% and 51.8% for beta-blockers, 6.9% and 39.5% for ARBs, and 6.9% and 39.5% for ivabradine, respectively). It was also lower in patients most recently hospitalized (<6 vs. ≥6 months) except for beta-blockers.Conclusion: This international survey shows that adherence to guideline-recommended medications is relatively satisfactory but the dosage of recommended CHF medications is usually suboptimal. Action plans aimed at improving adherence to guidelines are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Who, What, Where: an analysis of private sector family planning provision in 57 low- and middle-income countries.
- Author
-
Campbell, Oona M. R., Benova, Lenka, Macleod, David, Goodman, Catherine, Footman, Katharine, Pereira, Audrey L., and Lynch, Caroline A.
- Subjects
FAMILY planning ,LOW-income countries ,HEALTH surveys ,CONTRACEPTIVES ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,MEDICARE privatization ,BUSINESS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONTRACEPTION ,CONTRACEPTIVE drugs ,DEVELOPING countries ,INCOME ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,PRIVATE sector ,PUBLIC sector ,EVALUATION research ,ACCESS to information - Abstract
Objective: Family planning service delivery has been neglected; rigorous analyses of the patterns of contraceptive provision are needed to inform strategies to address this neglect.Methods: We used 57 nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys in low- and middle-income countries (2000-2013) in four geographic regions to estimate need for contraceptive services, and examined the sector of provision, by women's socio-economic position. We also assessed method mix and whether women were informed of side effects.Results: Modern contraceptive use among women in need was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa (39%), with other regions ranging from 64% to 72%. The private sector share of the family planning market was 37-39% of users across the regions and 37% overall (median across countries: 41%). Private sector users accessed medical providers (range across regions: 30-60%, overall mean: 54% and median across countries 23%), specialised drug sellers (range across regions: 31-52%, overall mean: 36% and median across countries: 43%) and retailers (range across regions: 3-14%, overall mean: 6% and median across countries: 6%). Private retailers played a more important role in sub-Saharan Africa (14%) than in other regions (3-5%). NGOs and FBOs served a small percentage. Privileged women (richest wealth quintile, urban residents or secondary-/tertiary-level education) used private sector services more than the less privileged. Contraceptive method types with higher requirements (medical skills) for provision were less likely to be acquired from the private sector, while short-acting methods/injectables were more likely. The percentages of women informed of side effects varied by method and provider subtype, but within subtypes were higher among public than private medical providers for four of five methods assessed.Conclusion: Given the importance of private sector providers, we need to understand why women choose their services, what quality services the private sector provides, and how it can be improved. However, when prioritising one of the two sectors (public vs. private), it is critical to consider the potential impact on contraceptive prevalence and equity of met need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.