86 results on '"United Kingdom"'
Search Results
2. Sex Wars and TERF Wars: The Divisiveness of Who is Included in Feminism.
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Morgenroth, Thekla, Kirby, Teri A., Zehnter, Miriam K., and Ryan, Michelle K.
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FEMINISM , *TRANSGENDER identity , *SEX work , *POLARIZATION (Social sciences) , *SOCIAL marginality - Abstract
An increasing number of people identify as feminists, but there is disagreement about whom and what feminism should be fighting for. Using a multi-method approach, across three studies (total N = 3,387), we examine (1) disagreements in today's feminist movement and how these disagreements come together to form different ideological groups as well as (2) psychological variables associated with different feminist beliefs and ideologies. In doing so we establish a nuanced picture of contemporary feminism in the UK and the US. Study 1 used open-response data to identify topics on which today's feminists disagree. Study 2 used exploratory factor analyses to examine how views on these topics hang together, resulting in eight feminist beliefs scales. Finally, Study 3 used cluster analysis to determine what ideological groups of feminists exist in quasi-representative samples from the US and the UK and explored the associations of these beliefs with relevant psychological constructs. Transgender issues, sex work, and the importance of marginalized perspectives were the most polarizing issues across studies, highlighting that feminists are more divided on the issue of who feminism should fight for, than what feminism should fight for. These studies show the heterogeneity of feminist ideologies and the continued barriers to a truly inclusive and intersectional feminist movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. A Dynamic Disadvantage? Social Perceptions of Dynamic Morphed Emotions Differ from Videos and Photos.
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Becker, Casey, Conduit, Russell, Chouinard, Philippe A., and Laycock, Robin
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FACE , *STATISTICAL power analysis , *RESEARCH funding , *EMOTIONS , *SOCIAL perception , *PHOTOGRAPHY , *COMPARATIVE studies , *FACIAL expression , *FACE perception , *VIDEO recording - Abstract
Dynamic face stimuli are increasingly used in face perception research, as increasing evidence shows they are perceived differently from static photographs. One popular method for creating dynamic faces is the dynamic morph, which can animate the transition between expressions by blending two photographs together. Although morphs offer increased experimental control, their unnatural motion differs from the biological facial motion captured in video recordings. This study aimed to compare ratings of emotion intensity and genuineness in video recordings, dynamic morphs, and static photographs of happy, sad, fearful, and angry expressions. We found that video recordings were perceived to have greater emotional intensity than dynamic morphs, and video recordings of happy expressions were perceived as more genuine compared to happy dynamic morphs. Unexpectedly, static photographs and video recordings had similar ratings for genuineness and intensity. Overall, these results suggest that dynamic morphs may be an inappropriate substitute for video recordings, as they may elicit misleading dynamic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. "It's Not, Can You Do This? It's... How Do You Feel About Doing This?" A Critical Discourse Analysis of Sexuality Support After Spinal Cord Injury.
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Bryant, Chloe, Aplin, Tammy, Piantedosi, Diana K., and Setchell, Jenny
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AUTONOMY (Psychology) , *HUMAN sexuality , *SEX education , *STATISTICAL sampling , *INTERVIEWING , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SPINAL cord injuries , *DISCOURSE analysis , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *HUMAN reproduction , *RESEARCH methodology , *SOCIAL support , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *EJACULATION , *INTIMACY (Psychology) , *SEXUAL health - Abstract
Previous research has indicated that healthcare support for sexuality after spinal cord injury appears to be neglected or inadequately provided. The perspectives of people living with spinal cord injuries regarding what is lacking and what support they would like to be provided, and why, has yet to be explored. This paper uses critical theory to explore how societal constructs of sexuality and disability shape how sexuality is supported after a spinal cord injury. To do this, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 people with a spinal cord injury from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We drew from the works of various critical disability theorists to analyze what discourses underpinned the experiences people with spinal cord injuries had when receiving sexuality support. Analysis suggested that the following discourses were apparent: (1) broken bodies require repair, (2) sex is penetration, ejaculation then reproduction, and (3) sexual autonomy is required. Findings indicated healthcare professionals need to recognize people with spinal cord injuries as sexual beings with a diverse range of desires, lives, relations, and bodies. Provision of individualized comprehensive high-quality sexuality support is therefore warranted. To achieve this, healthcare professionals should aim to be aware of, and mitigate, ableist and normative assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Eplontersen: First Approval.
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Nie, Tina
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LIGANDS (Chemistry) , *CARBOHYDRATES , *HEALTH status indicators , *CARDIAC amyloidosis , *AMYLOIDOSIS , *MEDICATION error prevention , *PATIENT care , *NUCLEOTIDES , *DRUG approval , *MESSENGER RNA , *POLYNEUROPATHIES , *AMYLOID plaque , *QUALITY of life , *DRUG development , *LIVER , *SERUM albumin , *SUBCUTANEOUS injections , *DISEASE progression - Abstract
Eplontersen (Wainua™) is a ligand-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide directed to TTR, which is being developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals and AstraZeneca for the treatment of TTR-mediated amyloidosis (ATTR). Eplontersen, which is targeted to the liver by a ligand containing three N-acetyl galactosamine residues, binds to wild-type and variant TTR mRNA, thus reducing the levels of circulating TTR protein and amyloid deposition. Subcutaneous eplontersen reduced serum TTR levels, inhibited neuropathy progression and improved health-related quality of life in patients with polyneuropathy of hereditary ATTR (ATTRv-PN; v for variant) in a phase III trial. Based on these results, eplontersen was approved in the USA for the treatment of ATTRv-PN on 21 December 2023 and is currently undergoing regulatory review for a similar indication in the EU, the UK, Switzerland and Canada. Eplontersen is also undergoing phase III development for ATTR cardiomyopathy. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of eplontersen leading to this first approval for ATTRv-PN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Diverse pharmacovigilance jurisdiction—The right way for global drug safety?
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Zatovkaňuková, Petra and Slíva, Jiří
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DRUG side effects laws , *PUBLIC health laws , *ONLINE information services , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *PHARMACOLOGY , *RISK assessment , *DRUG side effects , *MEDLINE - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comparison of several countries with different legislation and approaches to pharmacovigilance and to point out how these impact the number of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that are reported to national competent authorities. Methods: Legislative and statistical data regarding ADR reporting from various national competent authorities' websites, databases, and pharmacovigilance centers were used. In combination with the WHO pharmacovigilance quantitative indicator that was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of particular national pharmacovigilance systems in our scope. Results: The study compared pharmacovigilance systems in six countries, focusing on ADR reporting from 2010 onwards. All countries required MAHs to report ADRs, while healthcare professionals' obligations varied. Per-capita ADR reports increased in all countries with available data, with the United States having a significantly higher reporting rate, possibly due to FDA campaigns. Despite starting later, China's per-capita reporting rate surpassed that of the Czech Republic and Japan. The study highlighted various measures taken by countries to enhance ADR reporting systems since the inception of their programs, contributing to the overall increase in reporting rates. Conclusions: ADR reporting is a global priority, with efforts made by different countries to strengthen their pharmacovigilance systems. Some success can be seen in gradually improving per-capita ADR reporting rates. The varying reporting rates and measures taken by each country may serve as a basis for further research and exchange of best practices to improve drug safety monitoring worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Venture capital activities under uncertainty: US and UK investors behavior.
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Shuwaikh, Fatima, Brinette, Souad, Khemiri, Sabrina, and Castro, Rita Grego De
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WEIBULL distribution , *VENTURE capital , *DECISION making , *GOING public (Securities) - Abstract
We investigate how in the context of Corporate Venture Capital (CVC), the investment decisions affect the likelihood of their subsequent exit strategies. We use OLS and probit regression as well as Weibull distribution of residual values, given its reliability and validity for studying lifetime analysis. Based on a sample of 8722 VC-backed ventures with the first investment dates between 1999 and 2018 in United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK), the results show that the presence of CVCs positively affects the funding amounts and the duration of the investment. CVC funds are more generous and more patient than Independent Venture Capital (IVC) funds regarding their investments in ventures. Moreover, the findings provide evidence that the exit strategies are directly influenced by the funding amounts and the duration of the investment which are influenced, in turn, by the fund type. Greater funding increases the likelihood of IPO exit which is reduced by longer investment duration. Our results are robust to alternative estimation methods, namely two-stage treatment-effects regressions. These results help the various stakeholders (VC funds, investors, ventures) make crucial decisions regarding investment amounts and duration, and exit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Child Cognitive Development and Parent Roles: A Preliminary Comparison of Moroccan Parents to United States and United Kingdom Benchmarks.
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Karam, Rita T., Zellman, Gail L., and Perlman, Michal
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BRAIN physiology , *PARENT attitudes , *TEACHING , *COGNITION in children , *CHILD development , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *PARENTING , *COMPARATIVE studies , *LEARNING strategies , *HEALTH literacy , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *RESEARCH funding , *BOOKS , *HEALTH attitudes , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PARENT-child relationships , *EARLY medical intervention , *READING , *PARENTS , *EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
There is a dearth of research examining what parents in MENA region know about children's brain development and the type of activities they engage their young children at home to promote their cognitive development. This article describes and compares the views and behaviors of parents with children 0–6 years old from Casablanca, Morocco, the US, and the UK on early parental engagement. Seventy-eight Moroccan parents were compared to 1066 US/UK parents. The study utilizes survey data and explores parents' understanding of and support for their children's early cognitive development. Results reveal that more than fifty percent of Moroccan parents do not see themselves as having an impact on brain development until after the first year of their child's life compared to 10% of US parents, in part because they believe that babies' capacity for learning in the earliest years is limited. Yet Moroccan parents reported higher frequencies of teaching their young children letters and numbers and reading a book to them than US parents. These differences in at-home teaching practices may reflect the higher percentage of US/UK children who participate in early learning programs outside their own homes; such programs are not culturally accepted in Morocco. The belief that there is little capacity for learning in children's earliest years among Moroccan parents may minimize parents' motivation to function as their child's first teacher in the absence of early education programs. Policy implications and interventions are discussed concerning ways to change parents' knowledge and beliefs to motivate early learning activities. Highlights: Moroccan parents view themselves as having limited impact on their children's cognitive development in the early years compared to US parents. Moroccan parents reported higher frequencies of teaching their young children numbers and reading compared to UK parents. Sending very young children to early education centers is less acceptable in Morocco than in the US/UK. Moroccan parents turn to their extended family more than US parents do for guidance on child-rearing. Interventions should be culturally relevant and target sources to whom parents turn for support; home visits are promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. A Response to the Paal et al. Rejoinder: Religiosity and Risk of Parkinson's Disease in England and the USA.
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Koenig, Harold G.
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SPIRITUALITY , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *PARKINSON'S disease , *RELIGION , *MEDICAL research , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
This commentary provides a response to the rejoinder by Paal et al. (Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01726-y, 2023), regarding the research of Otaiku (Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01603-8, 2022) "Religiosity and risk of Parkinson's disease in England and the USA." After providing a brief overview of Otaiku's work, the commentary then addresses each of Paal et al.'s arguments. While agreeing that more research needs to be undertaken, this commentary concludes that Otaiku's research findings are well founded, suggesting that greater religiosity may lower the risk of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Meaning and Experience of International Migration in Black African South African Families.
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Mabandla, Nthopele, Marchetti-Mercer, Maria C., and Human, Leonie
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FAMILIES & psychology , *IMMIGRANTS , *RACISM , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *RESEARCH methodology , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *GROUP identity , *INTERVIEWING , *FEAR , *FAMILY attitudes , *EXPERIENCE , *FAMILY roles , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SOUND recordings , *RESEARCH funding , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *FAMILY relations , *JUDGMENT sampling , *STATISTICAL sampling , *CONTENT analysis , *THEMATIC analysis , *ANXIETY , *FAMILY structure , *AFRICAN Americans ,UNITED States emigration & immigration ,BLACK South Africans - Abstract
This article explores the experiences of some Black South African families affected by international migration. Historically, emigration from South Africa has occurred in waves, and has been associated with specific political moments. Such migration has often been perceived as a predominantly "White phenomenon", but recent trends reveal a more complex picture. Prior research on Black migration has focused primarily on internal labour migration, exilic migration and the "brain drain" phenomenon of medical professionals. So far, little research has been done on the impact of international outward migration on the Black family system. This article addresses this gap, drawing on a larger qualitative project exploring the impact of South African emigration on elderly family members staying behind. The findings highlight the significance of close relational ties in the Black South African family system. Familial separation through emigration brings feelings of loss and apprehension for the wellbeing of family members living abroad, including potential racism in destination countries. Migrants abroad highlighted the value of family and of maintaining a Black South African identity, despite separation from the country of origin and the extended family. Significantly, migration is often perceived as a temporary state, in contrast to White South African counterparts. Given increased international migration, the results shed light on the interplay between racial identity and emigration, and the impact of international migration by Black South Africans on family that they leave behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. Pre- and post-headache phases of migraine: multi-country results from the CaMEO – International Study.
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Lipton, Richard B., Lanteri-Minet, Michel, Leroux, Elizabeth, Manack Adams, Aubrey, Contreras-De Lama, Janette, Reed, Michael L., Fanning, Kristina M., and Buse, Dawn C.
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SCIENTIFIC observation , *NECK pain , *MIGRAINE , *CROSS-sectional method , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RESEARCH funding , *MENTAL depression , *DISABILITIES , *ANXIETY , *VISION disorders , *SECONDARY analysis , *ALLODYNIA , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Background: Individuals with migraine frequently experience pre- and post-headache symptoms. This analysis aimed to characterize the relative frequency and burden of pre- and post-headache symptoms in people with migraine using data collected through the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes – International Study. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, web-based survey was conducted in 2021–2022 in Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Respondents who met modified International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, criteria were offered the opportunity to participate. Information collected included migraine-related disability, depression/anxiety symptoms, cutaneous allodynia, activity limitations, and acute treatment optimization. Respondents indicated how often they had pre- or post-headache symptoms using a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 to 4, with a rating of 2 or higher classified as a pre- or post-headache symptom case. Modeling was used to examine relationships with monthly headache days (MHDs) and activity limitations during pre-headache and post-headache phases. Results: Among a total of 14,492 respondents, pre-headache symptoms were reported by 66.9%, while post-headache symptoms were reported by 60.2%. Both pre-headache and post-headache symptoms were reported by 49.5% of respondents, only pre-headache by 17.4%, only post-headache by 10.7%, and neither pre- nor post-headache symptoms by 22.4%. Compared with respondents who experienced only pre- or post-headache symptoms, respondents who experienced both pre- and post-headache symptoms had the highest rates of 4–7, 8–14, and ≥ 15 monthly headache days (23.1%, 14.1%, and 10.9%, respectively). Of respondents with both pre- and post-headache symptoms, 58.5% reported moderate-to-severe disability, 47.7% reported clinically significant symptoms of depression, 49.0% reported clinically significant symptoms of anxiety, and 63.8% reported cutaneous allodynia with headache (ASC-12). Moderate-to-severe activity limitations were reported during the pre-headache (29.5%) and post-headache phases (27.2%). For all outcomes modeled, after controlling for covariates, having pre-headache symptoms, post-headache symptoms, or both were associated with worse outcomes than having neither. Conclusions: Pre- and post-headache phases of migraine are common, carry unrecognized burden, and may be a target for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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12. A Scoping Review of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Mental Health Among Immigrants in Western Countries: An Integrated Bio-Psycho-Socio-Cultural Lens.
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Elshahat, Sarah, Moffat, Tina, Morshed, Mahira, Alkhawaldeh, Haneen, Madani, Keon, Mohamed, Aya, Nadeem, Naya, Emira, Sara, Newbold, K. Bruce, and Donnelly, Michael
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IMMIGRANTS , *ONLINE information services , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *LEISURE , *RISK-taking behavior , *SPORTS participation , *WELL-being , *COGNITION disorders , *BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL model , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *ACCULTURATION , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *TRAVEL , *SELF-perception , *MENTAL health , *ACTIVITIES of daily living , *PSYCHOSOCIAL functioning , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *PHYSICAL activity , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *SLEEP , *EXERCISE , *EMPLOYMENT , *MENTAL depression , *AFFECTIVE disorders , *LITERATURE reviews , *MEDLINE , *ANXIETY , *SOMATOFORM disorders , *EAST Asians , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that regular physical activity (PA) positively impacts individuals' mental health (MH). The PA-MH relationship may be critical among immigrants owing to psycho-social-cultural influences. This scoping review of 61 studies employed a holistic bio-psycho-socio-cultural framework to thoroughly investigate the complex relationship between PA (across life domains) and immigrants' MH in Western countries. A systematic search of five electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Anthropology Plus) was conducted to locate relevant articles. No limitations were applied to study design, age, gender, home country, MH condition or PA type. A bio-psycho-socio-cultural-informed conceptual model guided the analysis of the multi-domain PA-MH relationship. Immigrant PA-MH studies were conducted and reported most commonly in the USA (38%), Australia (18%), and Canada (11%). Overall, PA was positively related to MH. Each domain-specific PA appeared to be associated with unique MH-promoting pathways/mechanisms. Leisure-related PA may support MH by enhancing self-agency and minimizing risky behaviors, whilst travel- and domestic-related PA may promote self-accomplishment and physical engagement. Ethnic sports appeared to enhance resilience. Occupational-related PA was associated with either positive or negative MH, depending on the type of occupation. A bio-psycho-socio-cultural-informed model is required to gain an encompassing and integrated understanding of immigrants' health. The first iteration of such a model is presented here, along with an illustration of how the model may be used to deepen analysis and understanding of the multi-domain PA-MH relationship among immigrants and inform public health planners and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Analysis and Mapping of Scientific Literature on Detention and Deportation of International Migrants (1990–2022).
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Sweileh, Waleed M.
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NOMADS , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *AUTHORS , *LABOR productivity , *SERIAL publications , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *SOCIAL sciences , *CITATION analysis , *DEPORTATION , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *INTELLECT , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *HUMANITIES , *DATA analysis software , *PERIODICAL articles , *MEDICAL literature , *MEDICAL research , *IMPACT factor (Citation analysis) - Abstract
Millions of people cross political borders yearly without having the proper documents. This has led to increased detention and deportation practices in destination countries for reasons related to security and sovereignty. The objective of the current study was to analyze and visualize research publications on the detention and deportation of migrants to identify current research hotspots, research gaps, and potential future research in the field. Relevant research articles were obtained from the Scopus database for the study period from 1900 to December 31, 2022. The analysis included presentations of key contributors to the field and visualization of topics, themes, and international collaboration. In total, 906 articles were found. The earliest was in 1982. The majority of articles were published in journals within the subject areas of social sciences and humanities. The number of publications showed a steep rise from 2011 to 2022. The Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies was the most prolific, but publications in the Citizenship Studies journal received the highest number of citations per article. Researchers from the United States contributed the most. Mexico ranked fifth in the number of publications. Oxford University was the most prolific institution, followed by three universities in Australia. The majority of articles were single-authored, indicative of limited author-author collaboration. Research hotspots in the field were "human rights" and "mental health". The detention and deportation of Mexican and other Latino migrants in the United States constituted a distinct research theme in the field. International research collaboration was limited by geographical proximity (e.g., the United States and Mexico) or common language (e.g., the United Kingdom and Australia). Future research topics should focus on alternatives to detention, family separation, and healthcare services for detained migrants. Research activity on detention and deportation is required from all world regions, including the source countries of migrants. Future research should promote alternatives to traditional detentions. The contribution of countries in Africa, the Middle East, and South-Eastern Asian regions needs to be encouraged. Future research on the detention and deportation of non-Latino migrants is highly required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. "I Felt as If My Body Wasn't Mine Anymore:" Ex-Partner Stalking Victims' Overlapping Experiences of Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault.
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Logan, TK and Cole, Jennifer
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MULTIVARIATE analysis , *INTIMATE partner violence , *VICTIM psychology , *EXPERIENCE , *SEXUAL harassment , *COMPARATIVE studies , *SEX crimes , *RESEARCH funding , *STALKING , *CONTROL (Psychology) , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress - Abstract
Purpose: The current study examines the overlapping victimizations of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and stalking. Method: An online data collection platform was used to recruit participants and data analysis examined relationship abuse and stalking victimization experiences and victim harms (e.g., resource losses, negative identity perceptions, sexual autonomy, and current mental health symptoms) for ex-partner stalking victims who were sexually assaulted during the abusive relationship (n = 392) compared to ex-partner stalking victims who were not sexually assaulted during the relationship (n = 169). Results: Results found that over half of the women sexually assaulted during the relationship reported sexual assault while being stalked compared to a small proportion of women not sexually assaulted during the relationship. Sexual harassment experiences were pervasive regardless of relationship sexual assault victimization. However, women sexually assaulted during the relationship experienced increased coercive control, sexual harassment, resource losses, safety concerns, sexual difficulties, and current mental health symptoms than stalking victims who were not sexually assaulted during the relationship. Multivariate results found that younger age, higher safety efficacy, and fewer sexual difficulties were significantly associated with higher sexual autonomy while younger age, increased safety concerns, lower safety efficacy, increased resource losses, and increased sexual difficulties were significantly associated with increased recent PTSD and depression/anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: The current study results suggest that it is important to examine a wide scope of victim harms and that helping victims with safety planning in intimate relationships as well as to protect resource losses may be crucial for their recovery journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. Global Research Trends on Periprosthetic Fractures After Artificial Joint Replacement Between 2000 and 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualized Study.
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Liang, Xinyu, Zhang, Xinglong, Xu, Qian, Zhang, Kai, Pang, Ran, Shi, Wei, Li, Zhijun, Wang, Qiang, Li, Hui, and Zhang, Huafeng
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TOTAL hip replacement , *TOTAL knee replacement , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *ARTIFICIAL joints , *CITATION analysis , *REOPERATION , *DATA analysis software , *PERIPROSTHETIC fractures - Abstract
Background: Periprosthetic fractures after prosthetic joint replacement have received increasing attention over the past decades. The purpose of this study was to estimate the trends and state of research in periprosthetic fractures. Methods: Articles on periprosthetic fractures were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Information about each article, including country/region, author, institution, issue, journal, and keywords, was recorded for bibliometric analysis. The analysis included only English-language articles from 2000 to 2021, from 58 countries and regions. Results: A total of 1668 original articles meeting the research requirements were obtained. The number of manuscripts on periprosthetic fractures has experienced rapid growth, especially since 2009. Productivity was dominated by the USA, followed by the UK and Germany. The most prolific institution was Mayo Clinic. The most cited article was published by Sharkey, P.F. in 2002. The five most frequent keywords were "periprosthetic fractures", "total hip arthroplasty", " revision", "arthroplasty", "total knee arthroplasty". Conclusions: Based on the current trends of globalization, there is a rising trend in publications on periprosthetic fractures, with the largest annual contributions made by the United States. The most influential contributors are researchers from the United States and England. In addition, Journal of Arthroplasty is the journal with the most research in this field. Geriatric trauma and dual mobility are the new hot topics in this field. Together these studies have played a key role in periprosthetic fractures decision-making and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. Interest, Mindsets and Engagement: Longitudinal Relations in Science Orientations for Adolescents in Informal Science Programs.
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Joy, Angelina, Mathews, Channing J., Zhao, Mengya, Law, Fidelia, McGuire, Luke, Hoffman, Adam J., Balkwill, Frances, Burns, Karen P., Butler, Laurence, Drews, Marc, Fields, Grace, Smith, Hannah, Ozturk, Emine, Winterbottom, Mark, Rutland, Adam, Hartstone-Rose, Adam, and Mulvey, Kelly Lynn
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TEACHING methods , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *EXPERIENCE , *SEX distribution , *ACADEMIC achievement , *STUDENTS , *RESEARCH funding , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ATTENTION in adolescence , *STUDENT attitudes , *EMPIRICAL research , *PATH analysis (Statistics) , *SCIENCE , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Little is known about the factors that influence engagement for adolescents participating in informal youth science programs. This study examined longitudinal reciprocal associations between adolescents' science engagement, interest, and growth mindset. Participants were adolescents (Mage = 15.06, SD = 1.82 years, 66.8% female) from the UK (n = 168) and the US (n = 299). A cross lagged path analysis indicated that participants' science growth mindset at baseline was positively related to interest, and engagement at year 1, and science interest at year 1 was positively related to growth mindset at year 2. Additionally, girls had lower science growth mindsets than boys. This evidence suggests that informal programs may encourage positive STEM trajectories by fostering engagement, growth mindset and interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. Imprecision in adverse event reports following immunization against HPV in Japan and COVID-19 in the USA, UK, and Japan—and the effects of vaccine hesitancy and government policy.
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Inokuma, Yasuko and Kneller, Robert
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COVID-19 vaccines , *HUMAN papillomavirus vaccines , *VACCINE hesitancy , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Introduction: Erroneous reports of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) likely exacerbated the 2013 collapse of Japan's HPV immunization program. A similar phenomenon characterized the first months of COVID-19 immunization programs in the USA, UK, and Japan with high rates of reported anaphylaxis. These reports illustrate the susceptibility of supposedly objective medical judgments to public anxiety. Purpose and methods: This study documents inaccuracies in reported AEFIs using three quantitative methods. Results: One of these quantitative methods revealed that false-positive rates for anaphylaxis reports following HPV and later COVID-19 vaccination ranged from 74 to 91 percent. However, unlike HPV vaccinations in Japan, anaphylaxis reports following COVID-19 vaccines fell in Japan, the USA and the UK in the latter months of 2021. Nevertheless, false-positive rates for anaphylaxis reports remained high, suggesting a high degree of imprecision in serious AEFI reports from many countries for many vaccines. Japan's HPV immunization program indicates that media reports, patient hesitancy, healthcare providers' perspectives on vaccine safety, and consistency of government messaging, all influence report number and accuracy. A parallel publication analyzes in depth how such factors affect AEFI reports. Conclusion: Confidence in the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines may have been bolstered trough rapid monitoring of AEFI reports and communication of these findings. This may partly explain the different trajectories of serious AEFI following HPV immunizations in Japan and COVID-19 immunizations in the USA, UK, and Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Promoting Diverse Youth's Career Development through Informal Science Learning: The Role of Inclusivity and Belonging.
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Zhao, Mengya, Mathews, Channing J., Mulvey, Kelly Lynn, Hartstone-Rose, Adam, McGuire, Luke, Hoffman, Adam J., Winterbottom, Mark, Joy, Angelina, Law, Fidelia, Balkwill, Frances, Burns, Karen P., Butler, Laurence, Drews, Marc, Fields, Grace, Smith, Hannah, and Rutland, Adam
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VOCATIONAL guidance , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *CULTURAL pluralism , *GROUP identity , *RACE , *PRE-tests & post-tests , *SEX distribution , *ENGINEERING , *MATHEMATICS , *PSYCHOLOGY of high school students , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RESEARCH funding , *STUDENT attitudes , *PATH analysis (Statistics) , *ETHNIC groups , *TECHNOLOGY , *SCIENCE , *SOCIAL integration , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Little research has examined the associations between perceived inclusivity within informal science learning sites, youth program belonging and perceptions of program career preparation. This study explored relations between these factors at three timepoints (T1 = start of program, T2 = 3 months and T3 = 12 months after start). Participants were a diverse sample of 209 adolescents participating in STEM youth programs within informal science learning sites situated in the United States and United Kingdom (70% females: Mage = 15.27, SDage = 1.60), with 53.1% British and 64.1% non-White. Path analysis revealed that only perceptions of inclusivity for own social identity group (i.e., gender, ethnicity) at T1 were associated with T2 STEM youth program belonging. There was a significant indirect effect of T1 perceptions of inclusivity for one's own social identity groups on T3 perceptions of program career preparation via T2 program belonging. This study highlights that, over time, perceptions of inclusivity around youth's own social identity groups (i.e., gender and ethnicity/culture) are related to a sense of youth program belonging, which in turn is later associated with perceptions of program career preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Celebrating Higher Education's 50 years: trends, absences, and opportunities.
- Author
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Guzmán-Valenzuela, Carolina, Tagle, Andrés Rojas-Murphy, and Palacios, Diego
- Subjects
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HIGHER education , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *SOCIAL network analysis , *META-analysis - Abstract
The journal, Higher Education (HE), was established in 1972 and is currently one of the leading international journals in higher education studies. By using bibliometric techniques, a systematic review, and a social network analysis, this review article provides an overview of the main patterns of publications in HE during its history. The findings show that (i) the volume of articles has been continuously increasing, with a particular marked uplift since 2007; (ii) while single-authored articles have dominated the publication pattern, collaborative articles have shown a particular growth over the last decade; (iii) the USA, the UK, and Australia have dominated the journal in terms of the number of articles, international collaboration, and the most prolific authors; (iv) while Chinese authors have become more evident, there has been a near-absence of contributions from Latin America, Eastern Europe, and most of Africa; (v) in the entire history of HE, there has been a gender imbalance (in favour of male authors) across the most cited articles, but this pattern has changed in the last decade and; (vi) both teaching and learning and system policy have been key research themes in the journal although internationalisation and the student experience have recently gained traction. These patterns of publication in HE, with their imbalances and absences, suggest several challenges ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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20. Open Fractures from Gustilo and Anderson to the Present: A Bibliometric Analysis with Global Productivity and Research Trends.
- Author
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Alıç, Taner and Hassa, Ercan
- Subjects
- *
STATISTICS , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *SERIAL publications , *CITATION analysis , *COMPOUND fractures , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *DATA analysis - Abstract
Background/Objective: Despite the increase in global research on open fractures, which continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, seriously affecting the health and quality of life of patients, there has not been any bibliometric research on this subject. The aim of this study was to make a holistic analysis of scientific articles published on the subject of open fractures using bibliometric methods. Methods: Articles published on the subject of open fractures between 1980 and 2021 were downloaded from the Web of Science (WoS) database, and were analysed using various statistical methods. Network visualisation maps were used to determine international collaborations and trend topics, and citation analyses to determine the most effective studies. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine correlations, and exponential smoothing predictors to estimate the number of articles to be published in the next 5 years. Results: A total of 1742 articles were analysed. The 3 countries making the greatest contribution to literature were the USA (591, 33.9%), UK (219, 12.5%) and Germany (132, 7.5%). The most active author was Bhandari M. (n = 22). The 3 most productive institutions were determined to be the University of California System (n = 57), University of Washington (31), and Harborview Medical Center (29). The most active journal was Injury (n = 143). Conclusion: According to the analysis applied to identify trend topics, the topics most studied in recent years were determined to be surgical site infection, orthoplastics, intramedullary nail, Masquelet technique, BOAST, bone healing, closed reduction, classification, outcomes, and lower limb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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21. Queering Relationships: Exploring Phenomena of Asexual Identified Persons in Relationships.
- Author
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Glass, Valerie Q.
- Subjects
- *
FAMILY psychotherapy , *ASEXUALITY (Human sexuality) , *RESEARCH methodology , *INTERVIEWING , *COUPLES therapy , *EXPERIENCE , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *QUALITATIVE research , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *ASEXUAL people , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
This phenomenological study explored experiences of asexual identified persons within the context of relationships. Thirty-five asexual spectrum identified participants took part in semi-structured interviews that focused on how they viewed themselves and their uniquenesses within relationship dynamics. Queer theory guided the research design and analysis. Findings include a movement towards understanding and experiencing relationships that extend beyond heteronormativity. Themes included: (a) evolving asexual identity development, (b) conscious adapting and communication within relationships, (c) reconsidering amatonormativity, and (d) therapeutic recommendations. Participants identified that their relationships were distinctly different from social expectations; however, overall, partners adapted successfully to these differences with communication and understanding. Findings contribute to a greater competency in asexual identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Health and Chinese Beliefs: A Scientometric Analysis of Health Literature Related to Taoism and Confucianism.
- Author
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Şenel, Engin
- Subjects
- *
BIBLIOMETRICS , *HEALTH , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PSYCHOLOGY & religion , *PHILOSOPHY , *MEDICAL research - Abstract
Taoism and Confucianism both exited simultaneously as philosophies of living in dynastic China. Although there has been an increasing popularity in scientometric studies, religion and health (R&H) literature lacks a holistic evaluation investigating articles relevant to Taoism and Confucianism. All publications produced in Taoism and Confucianism literature and indexed in Web of Science (WoS) databases between 1975 and 2018 were included in this study. Database search on health and Taoism literature retrieved 199 documents from WoS databases. Main research areas were Psychology, Religion and Behavioral Sciences (24.121, 21.608 and 20.603, respectively). The USA ranked first with 38 papers followed China, Taiwan and the UK (n = 35, 20 and 6 documents, respectively). Hong Kong Polytechnic University from China was the most contributor institution in health and Taoism literature. A total of 448 documents were published in health and Confucianism literature between 1975 and 2018, and original articles covered 93.08% of all literature. China was leading country with 126 articles followed by the USA, South Korea and Taiwan (n = 97, 35 and 35 items, respectively). The most productive institutions were City University of Hong Kong (China), Karolinska Institute (Sweden) and University of Hong Kong (China). Researchers from developing and least developed countries should be encouraged to carry out novel scientometric studies in R&H literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Higher Author Fees in Gastroenterology Journals Are Not Associated with Faster Processing Times or Higher Impact.
- Author
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Jamorabo, Daniel S., Koulouris, Vasilios, Briggs, William M., Buscaglia, Jonathan M., and Renelus, Benjamin D.
- Subjects
- *
ADMINISTRATIVE fees , *H-index (Citation analysis) , *GASTROENTEROLOGY , *EDUCATORS , *ACQUISITION of manuscripts - Abstract
Background: Publications are an important component of academic careers. Aims: We investigated the financial costs to authors for submitting and publishing manuscripts in gastroenterology (GI) journals in the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and elsewhere. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out from 11/1/2020 to 12/31/2020. We used the SCImago Journal and Country Rankings site to compile a list of gastroenterology and hepatology journals to analyze. We gathered information on the journals' Hirsch indices (h indices), SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), Impact Factor (IF), and base countries as of 2019, processing and publication fees, open access fees, time to first decision, and time from acceptance to publication. We used t-testing and linear regression modeling to evaluate the effect of geography and journal quality metrics on processing fees and times. Results: We analyzed 97 GI journals, of which 51/97 (52.6%) were based in the US/UK while the other 46/97 (47.4%) were based elsewhere. The mean IF (5.67 vs 3.53, p = 0.08), h index (90.5 vs 41.8, p < 0.001), and SJR (1.82 vs 0.83, p < 0.001) for the US/UK journals were higher than those for non-US/UK journals. We also found that 11/51 (21.6%) of US/UK journals and 15/46 (32.6%) of non-US/UK journals had mandatory processing and publication fees. These tended to be significantly larger in the US/UK group than in the non-US/UK group (USD 2380 vs USD 1470, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Publication-related fees may preclude authors from smaller or socioeconomically disadvantaged institutions and countries from publishing and disseminating their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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24. Unconscionability of E-contracts: A Comparative Study of India, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
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Prasad, Dharmita and Mishra, Pallavi
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- *
ELECTRONIC contracts , *UNCONSCIONABLE contracts , *ADHESION contracts , *CONTRACTS - Abstract
Adhesion contracts have a strong likelihood of being unconscionable. The laws and principles are further complicated by the introduction of electronic contracts, specifically electronic consumer contracts. The paper touches upon the duty to read doctrine in contracts and electronic contracts. While the doctrine of unconscionability has evolved it has been playing catch up with the demands of consumers. This paper compares the application of this doctrine in the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), and India. The paper also proposes recommendations for consumers and the development of laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Real-World experience of interictal burden and treatment in migraine: a qualitative interview study.
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Lo, Siu Hing, Gallop, Katy, Smith, Timothy, Powell, Lauren, Johnston, Karissa, Hubig, Lena T., Williams, Emma, Coric, Vladimir, Harris, Linda, L'Italien, Gilbert, and Lloyd, Andrew J.
- Subjects
- *
LIFESTYLES , *MIGRAINE , *SELF-evaluation , *RESEARCH methodology , *INTERVIEWING , *CALCITONIN , *MONOCLONAL antibodies , *EXPERIENCE , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *QUALITATIVE research , *QUALITY of life , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *THEMATIC analysis , *SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) - Abstract
Background: The debilitating nature of migraine attacks is widely established; however, less is known about how the interictal burden (i.e., how patients are affected in-between migraine episodes) of migraine impacts on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQL). Acute and preventive treatments may lift the burden of the disease, but they often have unwanted side effects and limited effectiveness. The objective of this study was to understand the interictal burden of migraines, from the patient perspective, and to explore patient experience with migraine treatments. Methods: Participants (n=35) with a self-reported diagnosis of migraine were recruited in the US, UK and Canada, including a subgroup of patients who had taken calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody (CGRP mAb) treatment for at least three months. Participants completed a background questionnaire, followed by a semi-structured interview via telephone or video call. The interviews explored patients' migraine symptoms, perception of interictal burden and treatment experience. The interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The most reported migraine symptom was migraine pain, followed by aura, sensory sensitivity and nausea. Most participants reported interictal impact on HRQL, lifestyle changes they made to avoid triggers or in anticipation of an attack, impacts on work, career, daily activities and relationships. Emotional impacts were reported by all participants, including anger, depression, anxiety and hopelessness. Many participants who took preventive treatments reported improvements in HRQL and functioning but still experienced breakthrough attacks. Among patients who took CGRP mAbs, participants noted varying consistency of treatment effectiveness between treatment administrations. Conclusion: This study detailed the additional HRQL impact of migraine in-between migraine attacks and described the unmet need for effective treatment options to prevent and mitigate migraine attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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26. Validation of an artificial intelligence solution for acute triage and rule-out normal of non-contrast CT head scans.
- Author
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Dyer, Tom, Chawda, Sanjiv, Alkilani, Raed, Morgan, Tom Naunton, Hughes, Mike, and Rasalingham, Simon
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH , *MEDICAL triage , *ACQUISITION of data methodology , *INTRACRANIAL hemorrhage , *CEREBRAL infarction , *RESEARCH methodology , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *PATIENTS , *MEDICAL records , *EMERGENCY medical services , *COMPUTED tomography , *SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) , *HEAD injuries , *ALGORITHMS , *NEURORADIOLOGY - Abstract
Purpose: Non-contrast CT head scans provide rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute head injury; however, increased utilisation of CT head scans makes it difficult to prioritise acutely unwell patients and places pressure on busy emergency departments (EDs). This study validates an AI algorithm to triage patients presenting with Intracranial Haemorrhage (ICH) or Acute Infarct whilst also identifying a subset of patients as Normal, with the potential to function as a rule-out test. Methods: In total, 390 CT head scans were collected from 3 institutions in the UK, US and India. Ground-truth labels were assigned by 3 FRCR consultant radiologists. AI performance, as well as the performance of 3 independent radiologists, was measured against ground-truth labels. Results: The algorithm showed AUC values of 0.988 (0.978–0.994), 0.933 (0.901–0.961) and 0.939 (0.919–0.958) for ICH, Acute Infarct and Normal, respectively. Sensitivity/specificity for ICH and Acute Infarct were 0.988/0.925 and 0.833/0.927, respectively, compared to 0.907/0.991 and 0.618/0.977 for radiologists. AI rule-out of Normal scans achieved 0.93% negative predictive value (NPV) for the removal of 54.3% of Normal cases, compared to 86.8% NPV for radiologists. Conclusion: We show our algorithm can provide effective triage of ICH and Acute Infarct to prioritise acutely unwell patients. AI can also benefit clinical accuracy, with the algorithm identifying 91.3% of radiologist false negatives for ICH and 69.1% for Acute Infarct. Rule-out of Normal scans has huge potential for workload management in busy EDs, in this case removing 27.4% of all scans with no acute findings missed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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27. General Surgery Training in the USA, UK, and India: a Scrutiny of Strength and Challenges.
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Jain, Gaurav, Are, Chandrakanth, Agrawal, Vikesh, and Agarwal, Pawan
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- *
CULTURE , *MEDICAL quality control , *ACCREDITATION , *OPERATIVE surgery , *WORK , *MEDICAL care , *INTERNSHIP programs , *ABILITY , *TRAINING , *SUPERVISION of employees , *PATIENT safety , *MEDICAL research - Abstract
Surgicaltraining programs across the globe have the responsibility of preparing the future generation of surgeons while promoting quality and patient safety. Surgical training differs significantly between countries, which can be based on the requirements of local accrediting bodies, different patient populations, different healthcare delivery systems and cultural and traditional patterns unique to that particular training environment. In this article, we reviewed General surgery residency training in the USA, UK, and India to identify strengths and challenges. We also highlighted salient aspects of training, including duration of the training, resident work-hours, operative opportunities, rotation and supervision, essential skill development, research activity, assessment, and regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Differences in Breast Cancer Presentation at Time of Diagnosis for Black and White Women in High Resource Settings.
- Author
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Osei-Twum, Jo-Ann, Gedleh, Sahra, Lofters, Aisha, and Nnorom, Onye
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- *
CINAHL database , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *BLACK people , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EARLY detection of cancer , *DEMOGRAPHY , *WHITE people , *MEDLINE , *BREAST tumors , *WOMEN'S health - Abstract
This paper provides a narrative review of the existing literature on differences in demographic and biological features of breast cancer at time of diagnosis between Black and White women in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Electronic database searches for published peer-reviewed articles on this topic were conducted, and 78 articles were included in the final narrative review. Differences between Black and White women were compared for eight categories including age, tumour stage, size, grade, lymph node involvement, and hormone status. Black women were significantly more likely to present with less favourable tumour features at the time of diagnosis than White women. Significant differences were reported in age at diagnosis, tumour stage, size, grade and hormone status, particularly triple negative breast cancer. Limitations on the generalizability of the review findings are discussed, as well as the implications of these findings on future research, especially within the Canadian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Casirivimab/Imdevimab: First Approval.
- Author
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Deeks, Emma D.
- Subjects
- *
THERAPEUTIC use of monoclonal antibodies , *DRUG approval , *DRUG efficacy , *COMBINATION drug therapy , *COVID-19 , *MONOCLONAL antibodies , *SEVERITY of illness index , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve™; REGEN-COV™) is a co-packaged combination of two neutralizing immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1) human monoclonal antibodies (casirivimab and imdevimab) against the spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Casirivimab/imdevimab received its first emergency use authorization for the treatment of COVID-19 in November 2020 in the USA, with similar authorizations subsequently granted in various other countries, including India, Canada, and Switzerland. In February 2021, casirivimab/imdevimab was granted a positive scientific opinion in the EU for the treatment of COVID-19. In July 2021, casirivimab/imdevimab received its first approval in Japan for the treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19, followed in August 2021 by its conditional approval for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute COVID-19 infection in the UK. The combination was also granted provisional determination in Australia in August 2021, indicating its eligibility to be considered for provisional registration for COVID-19 treatment and prevention. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of casirivimab/imdevimab leading to these first approvals for COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Mental health consequences of detaining children and families who seek asylum: a scoping review.
- Author
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Mares, Sarah
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRATION law , *MENTAL illness risk factors , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *CINAHL database , *WELL-being , *PSYCHOLOGY of refugees , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *PARENT-child separation , *RISK assessment , *PARENTING , *CHILD psychopathology , *LITERATURE reviews , *MEDLINE , *PARENT-child relationships - Abstract
Almost 80 million people globally are forcibly displaced. A small number reach wealthy western countries and seek asylum. Over half are children. Wealthy reception countries have increasingly adopted restrictive reception practices including immigration detention. There is an expanding literature on the mental health impacts of immigration detention for adults, but less about children. This scoping review identified 22 studies of children detained by 6 countries (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Netherlands, the UK and the US) through searches of Medline, PsychINFO, Emcare, CINAHL and Scopus data bases for the period January 1992–May 2019. The results are presented thematically. There is quantitative data about the mental health of children and parents who are detained and qualitative evidence includes the words and drawings of detained children. The papers are predominantly small cross-sectional studies using mixed methodologies with convenience samples. Despite weaknesses in individual studies the review provides a rich and consistent picture of the experience and impact of immigration detention on children's wellbeing, parental mental health and parenting. Displaced children are exposed to peri-migration trauma and loss compounded by further adversity while held detained. There are high rates of distress, mental disorder, physical health and developmental problems in children aged from infancy to adolescence which persist after resettlement. Restrictive detention is a particularly adverse reception experience and children and parents should not be detained or separated for immigration purposes. The findings have implications for policy and practice. Clinicians and researchers have a role in advocacy for reception polices that support the wellbeing of accompanied and unaccompanied children who seek asylum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. COVID-19-Related Economic Anxiety Is As High as Health Anxiety: Findings from the USA, the UK, and Israel.
- Author
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Bareket-Bojmel, Liad, Shahar, Golan, and Margalit, Malka
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 , *MEDICAL care costs , *ACTIVITIES of daily living , *MENTAL health , *HEALTH status indicators , *COGNITION , *SOCIAL isolation , *ATTITUDES toward illness , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *FAMILY attitudes , *HEALTH attitudes , *EMPLOYMENT , *ANXIETY , *ECONOMIC aspects of diseases , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress - Abstract
As the COVID-19 outbreak peaks, millions of individuals are losing their income, and economic anxiety is felt worldwide. In three different countries (the USA, the UK, and Israel: N = 1200), the present study addresses four different sources of anxiety: health-related anxiety, economic-related anxiety, daily routine-change anxiety, and anxiety generated by social isolation. We hypothesized that, economic anxiety would have a similar or greater effect, compared to health anxiety. Results show that in all three countries, the levels of economic and health anxiety were essentially equal, and both surpassed routine-change and isolation anxiety. Although the COVID-19 crisis originated in the health field, this study emphasizes the need to move from a generalized concept of anxiety to specific types of distress, most notably economic anxiety. Economic anxiety results in serious mental and physical health problems and should be attended to by clinical professionals and by policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Link Between COVID-19, Anxiety, and Religious Beliefs in the United States and the United Kingdom.
- Author
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Rigoli, Francesco
- Subjects
- *
WELL-being , *SOCIAL support , *CHRISTIANITY , *HEALTH attitudes , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *ANXIETY , *COVID-19 pandemic , *RELIGION , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Research has shown that stress impacts on people's religious beliefs. However, several aspects of this effect remain poorly understood, for example regarding the role of prior religiosity and stress-induced anxiety. This paper explores these aspects in the context of the recent coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). The latter has impacted dramatically on many people's well-being; hence it can be considered a highly stressful event. Through online questionnaires administered to UK (n = 140) and USA (n = 140) citizens professing either Christian faith or no religion, this paper examines the impact of the coronavirus crisis upon common people's religious beliefs. Anxiety about the coronavirus and prior religiosity showed an interaction effect upon change in religious beliefs (t(276) = 2.27, p =.024): for strong believers higher anxiety about coronavirus was associated with increased strengthening of religious beliefs (r =.249), while for non-believers higher anxiety about coronavirus was associated with increased scepticism towards religious beliefs (r = −.157). These observations are consistent with the notion that stress-induced anxiety enhances support for an individual's existing ideology already embraced before a stressful event occurs. This study sheds light on the psychological and cultural implications of the coronavirus crisis, which represents one of the most serious health emergencies in recent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Parent Sensitive Topic Understanding, Communication Comfort, and Parent-Adolescent Conversation Following Exposure to 13 Reasons Why: A Comparison of Parents from Four Countries.
- Author
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Cingel, Drew P., Lauricella, Alexis R., Mann, Supreet, Carter, Michael C., and Wartella, Ellen
- Subjects
- *
MOTION pictures & psychology , *PARENT attitudes , *ATTITUDES toward mental illness , *HUMAN comfort , *SELF-evaluation , *CONVERSATION , *SOCIAL stigma , *POPULATION geography , *PARENTING , *PARENT-child relationships - Abstract
A number of recent series airing on traditional and streaming platforms portray sensitive topics faced by adolescents, including depression and suicide. Research has suggested that these subjects may be difficult for parents and adolescents to discuss, given their stigmatized nature. It is possible, however, that series portraying these issues in a realistic way can influence parent viewers' perceived understanding of and comfort discussing these topics, and subsequently, relate to self-reported conversations with their adolescents. In addition, it is likely that these relations may differ for participants from different countries, especially considering country differences in mental health, access to mental health care, and stigmatization about mental health. We tested these relations using data from 778 parent viewers of the series 13 Reasons Why. We sampled viewers from four countries: Australia, the United States, Brazil, and the United Kingdom. Results suggested an indirect association between self-reported topic understanding and starting a conversation with their adolescent about these topics via reports of comfort discussing these topics. Participants' country of habitation at the time of the study did not significantly influence these associations. We discuss these findings in the context of parent-adolescent communication, particularly around sensitive health-related topics. Highlights: Four-country sample of parents of adolescents (ages 13–17) who viewed 13 Reasons Why. Relation between understanding of portrayed sensitive topics and comfort discussing them with child. Relation between comfort discussing sensitive topics and reports of having a conversation with child. Few differences as a function of country. Implications for the role of media in prompting and supporting difficult conversations between parents and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A Habit-Based Randomised Controlled Trial to Reduce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption: the Impact of the Substituted Beverage on Behaviour and Habit Strength.
- Author
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Judah, Gaby, Mullan, Barbara, Yee, Monica, Johansson, Lina, Allom, Vanessa, and Liddelow, Caitlin
- Subjects
- *
BEHAVIOR modification , *BEVERAGES , *DIET in disease , *DIET therapy , *FOOD habits , *INTENTION , *NATURAL foods , *STATISTICAL sampling , *WATER , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *DIETARY sucrose - Abstract
Background: Excess sugar consumption has been linked to numerous negative health outcomes, such as obesity and type II diabetes. Reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption may reduce sugar intake and thus improve health. The aim of the study was to test the impact of the potentially different rewarding nature of water or diet drinks as replacements for SSB, using a habit and implementation intention–based intervention. Method: An online randomised, two-arm parallel design was used. One hundred and fifty-eight participants (mainly from the UK and USA) who regularly consumed SSBs (Mage = 31.5, 51% female) were advised to create implementation intentions to substitute their SSB with either water or a diet drink. Measures of SSB consumption, habit strength and hedonic liking were taken at baseline and at 2 months. Water or diet drink consumption was only measured at 2 months. Results: There was a large and significant reduction in SSB consumption and self-reported SSB habits for both the water and diet drink groups, but no difference between groups. There were no differences in hedonic liking for the alternative drink, alternative drink consumption and alternative drink habit between the two groups. Reduction in SSB hedonic liking was associated with reduced SSB consumption and habit. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that an implementation intention–based intervention achieved substantial reductions in SSB consumption and habits. It also indicates that hedonic liking for SSBs and alternative drinks are associated with changes in consumption behaviour. Substituting SSBs with water or diet drinks was equally as effective in reducing SSB consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Mapping global research related to international students: a scientometric review.
- Author
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Jing, Xiaoli, Ghosh, Ratna, Sun, Zhaohui, and Liu, Qiang
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION research , *SECOND language acquisition , *SCIENTOMETRICS , *FOREIGN students , *HIGHER education - Abstract
Although international students have been a notable research topic in higher education for more than 100 years, to date only one qualitative literature review has been published on the topic. In order to help researchers better understand the intellectual landscape of global research related to international students, we conducted a quantitative scientometric review of 3685 relevant journal articles published between 1900 and 2018 and indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. The findings show that the number of articles published in the field has increased rapidly, especially since 2006, and this expansion has been led primarily by Australia, the U.K., and the USA, as these three countries not only produced most of the high-yielding research institutions and productive authors, but also published a majority of the prolific journals. Among the numerous topics discussed in these selected articles, cross-cultural adjustment, mental health problems, second-language acquisition, intercultural development, and student migration were most frequently studied, while social integration, graduate employability, and student satisfaction have emerged as new trends. These results complement the existing qualitative literature review from a quantitative perspective and provide valuable insights into and implications for global research related to international students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Understanding Access to and Utilisation of Sexual Health Services by South Asian Immigrant Men in Western Countries: A Scoping Review.
- Author
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Jahangir, Yamin Tauseef and Meyer, Samantha B.
- Subjects
- *
SEXUALLY transmitted disease diagnosis , *SEXUALLY transmitted disease treatment , *ASIANS , *CULTURE , *HEALTH attitudes , *HEALTH services accessibility , *SEXUAL health , *PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL care , *MEDLINE , *MEN'S health , *ONLINE information services , *SOCIAL skills , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *LITERATURE reviews , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors - Abstract
South Asian communities comprise one of the fastest growing populations in Western countries. However, the sexual health of immigrant men in particular remains vastly understudied and little is known about how and if men access these services. Four multi-disciplinary electronic databases were searched to between 1998 and 2018. The search yielded 586 articles; 407 duplicate articles were removed, and 376 did not meet the inclusion criteria. A total of 10 articles were included in this review. Herein we report the factors shaping sexual health service access and use, namely: (1) cultural and psychological factors; (2) sexual health service accessibility; (3) personal beliefs and patterns in service use; (4) social perspectives and conflicting values on sexual health. We identify the gaps in research needed for policymakers, formal healthcare providers, and South Asian community stakeholders to develop effective and inclusive sexual health programs for South Asian men in Western countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Hidden Figures: Are Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Women Really so Different When it Comes to Health Care?
- Author
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Simhi, Meital, Yoselis, Aviva, Sarid, Orly, and Cwikel, Julie
- Subjects
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HEALTH policy , *ONLINE information services , *CINAHL database , *HEALTH services accessibility , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *JUDAISM , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *HEALTH status indicators , *ULTRA-Orthodox Jews , *PSYCHOLOGY of women , *PSYCHOLOGY & religion , *MEDLINE , *WOMEN'S health - Abstract
Incorporating the needs of at-risk populations into national health care initiatives is essential. Israel has identified ultra-Orthodox Jewish, or Haredi, women, as at risk of increased morbidity and mortality, yet actual data on this insular community are lacking. We reviewed published research on Israeli Haredi women's health status, behaviors and health care access and examined methodologies. Of 273 articles identified, 14 publications and four government reports were included. More research is needed on this community, essential not only to Israeli health care policy, but to that of the USA and the UK, who share the largest percentages of Haredi Jews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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38. Identifying child temperament risk factors from 2 to 8 years of age: validation of a brief temperament screening tool in the US, Europe, and China.
- Author
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Zentner, Marcel
- Subjects
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BEHAVIOR disorders in children , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *RESEARCH methodology , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *RISK assessment , *TEMPERAMENT , *STATISTICAL reliability , *INTER-observer reliability , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *CHILDREN ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Despite ample evidence linking particular child temperament characteristics to behavior disorders later in life, there is currently a lack of temperament measures that can be used early, easily, and widely for screening purposes. To redress this gap, the current research aimed at developing a very brief scale of child temperament characteristics that have been found to predict behavior problems over the long term, are represented across models of temperament, and have the potential to exhibit measurement invariance over different countries and childhood periods. The new scale was derived from the Integrative Child Temperament Inventory, a 30-item measure to assess five well-established temperament dimensions, and examined in three studies with samples of children aged between 2 and 8 years across five countries: The United States, the United Kingdom, China, Germany, and Spain (N = 13,425; boys 55.96%). The studies included tests of measurements invariance, of convergent validity with established measures of temperament, and of criterion validity with measures of behavior problems. The scale exhibited full metric invariance and partial scalar invariance across age groups (toddlerhood, preschool, school age) and countries. Test–retest reliability, interrater reliability across teachers, and convergent and criterion validity were adequate. Preliminary data on the measure's clinical utility suggest a favorable balance between brevity and screening accuracy. Altogether, this study suggests that early childhood temperament characteristics placing children at risk for developing behavior problems much later in life can be quickly, effectively, and commensurably assessed across different countries and age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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39. Behavioural risk factors and healthy life expectancy: evidence from two longitudinal studies of ageing in England and the US.
- Author
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Zaninotto, Paola, Head, Jenny, and Steptoe, Andrew
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BEHAVIORAL assessment , *LIFE expectancy , *AGING - Abstract
We examined whether the co-occurrence of four behavioural risk factors (alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity and obesity) is associated with disability-free and chronic disease-free life expectancy similarly in two longitudinal studies of ageing in England and the United States. Data were from 17,351 individuals aged 50+ from the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and, 10,388 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), from 2002 to 2013. Disability-free life expectancy was estimated using repeat measures of limitations with instrumental activities and activities of daily living and, chronic disease-free life expectancy was based on chronic health conditions. Multistate life table models were used to estimate sex-specific health expectancy at the ages of 50, 60 and 70. In both countries and at all ages, there was a clear gradient towards shorter health expectancy with increasing number of behavioural risk factors. Compared to people with 2+ behavioural risk factors, in both countries, those with no behavioural risk factors could expect to live up to 11 years longer without disability and, up to 12 years longer without chronic conditions. Individual and co-occurring behavioural risk factors were strongly associated with shorter healthy life expectancy in both countries, attesting to the robustness of the contribution of lifestyle factors on health expectancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
40. The Consequences of Incarceration for Mortality in the United States.
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Daza, Sebastian, Palloni, Alberto, and Jones, Jerrett
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IMPRISONMENT , *MORTALITY , *OLDER people , *PANEL analysis , *DATA analysis - Abstract
Previous research has suggested that incarceration has negative implications for individuals' well-being, health, and mortality. Most of these studies, however, have not followed former prisoners over an extended period and into older adult ages, when the risk of health deterioration and mortality is the greatest. Contributing to this literature, this study is the first to employ the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to estimate the long-run association between individual incarceration and mortality over nearly 40 years. We also supplement those analyses with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79). We then use these estimates to investigate the implications of the U.S. incarceration regime and the post-1980 incarceration boom for the U.S. health and mortality disadvantage relative to industrialized peer countries (the United Kingdom). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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41. LDL-apheresis-induced remission of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis recurrence in pediatric renal transplant recipients.
- Author
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Shah, Lokesh, Hooper, David K., Okamura, Daryl, Wallace, Dean, Moodalbail, Divya, Gluck, Caroline, Koziell, Ania, and Zaritsky, Joshua J.
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METHYLPREDNISOLONE , *CHILDREN'S hospitals , *COMBINED modality therapy , *CREATININE , *GLOMERULAR filtration rate , *HEMAPHERESIS , *KIDNEY transplantation , *LOW density lipoproteins , *MEDICAL protocols , *PEDIATRICS , *POSTOPERATIVE period , *PROTEINURIA , *TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. , *DISEASE relapse , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *DISEASE remission , *FOCAL segmental glomerulosclerosis , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in pediatric patients is typically difficult to treat and will progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in about 10% of cases. Following kidney transplantation, FSGS can recur in up to 56% of renal allografts—with a near 100% recurrence in subsequent transplants. Methods: Four different pediatric centers across the USA and the UK employed a protocol using LDL-apheresis (LDL-A) and pulse solumedrol to treat recurrent FSGS after transplantation in seven patients. All the patients included in this series demonstrated immediate, or early, recurrence of FSGS, which clinically presented as nephrotic-range proteinuria within hours to days after implantation of the kidney. Results: All patients experienced reductions in urinary protein to creatinine ratios resulting in partial or complete remission. All patients demonstrated improvements in their estimated GFRs at their most recent follow-up since LDL-A discontinuation. Conclusions: This case series describes the successful treatment, across four different pediatric centers, of seven pediatric patients with recurrent post-transplant FSGS using the Liposorber® LA-15 in combination with pulse solumedrol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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42. Utilisation of Healthcare Services and Medicines by Pakistani Migrants Residing in High Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis.
- Author
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Saleem, Ahsan, Steadman, Kathryn J., and Fejzic, Jasmina
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CINAHL database , *HEALTH attitudes , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL care use , *MEDICINE , *MEDLINE , *ONLINE information services , *RELIGION , *WORK environment , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *QUALITATIVE research , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *THEMATIC analysis , *CULTURAL competence ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
Migration, as a global phenomenon, gives rise to many challenges for healthcare professionals providing care to migrant populations. Migrants originating from diverse cultural backgrounds have unique beliefs and healthcare needs, and their utilisation of healthcare services and medicines is influenced by a number of factors. This review aims to assess the factors influencing the utilisation of healthcare services and medicines among Pakistani migrants residing in high income countries. The databases searched included PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and IPA. Of the 2566 publications initially obtained, 37 met the inclusion criteria. They included eight countries—the United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Australia, United Arab Emirates and Cyprus. Eight descriptive themes emerged and two analytical constructs were established, as a result of thematic synthesis of included publications. The profile of utilisation of healthcare services and medicines among Pakistani migrants was multifaceted and influenced by their individual circumstances (socioeconomic characteristics; personal beliefs, preferences, and experiences; individual culture and religion; family and friends; and language and communication), and host country characteristics (work environment; healthcare organisation, access and affordability; and health professionals' education, practices, and preferences). Awareness of population-specific characteristics of migrant communities is important to promote and implement culturally appropriate healthcare practices and service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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43. Exploring Pain Management Among Asian Immigrants with Chronic Pain: Self-Management and Resilience.
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Kawi, Jennifer, Reyes, Andrew Thomas, and Arenas, Rogelio A.
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CHRONIC pain treatment , *ASIANS , *DRUG therapy , *EMOTIONS , *PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL databases , *ASIAN medicine , *MEDLINE , *ONLINE information services , *RESEARCH funding , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *SELF-management (Psychology) , *PAIN management , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors - Abstract
Asians immigrants (AIs) are one of the fastest growing racial groups in many countries globally. Despite pain prevalence, studies on chronic pain management among AIs is limited in the literature. An integrative review was conducted exploring the current state of science on chronic pain management among AIs. Several databases were used to identify related articles and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two major themes emerged: (a) self-management, pertaining to how AIs take responsibility for their pain, and (b) resilience, their adaptive behaviors indicating low levels of pain-related dysfunction and burden despite chronic pain severity. Resilience plays a significant role in the mechanism by which self-management works in pain among AIs. Chronic pain management is a complex process where challenges to effective treatments exist. Findings have significant implications to healthcare providers and the general pain population. Future research directions include the necessity for increased participation of AIs in studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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44. Dharmic Religions and Health: A Holistic Analysis of Global Health Literature Related to Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism.
- Author
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Şenel, Engin
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SERIAL publications , *BUDDHISM , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *HOLISTIC medicine , *RELIGION & medicine , *HINDUISM , *SIKHS , *RELIGION - Abstract
Bibliometrics and scientometrics are popular and novel disciplines providing information in publication trends in a certain academic field. Although there has been an increasing popularity in bibliometric studies, a limited number of reports have been published in religion and health literature. In this study, to the best of our knowledge we aimed to perform a first bibliometric analysis in the health literature related to Dharmic religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. We found a total of 655 health articles related to Dharmic religions as we searched Web of Science databases. The United States of America (USA) ranked first in Health and Hinduism literature with 62 documents followed by India, the UK and Bangladesh (n = 40, 33 and 6, respectively). A detailed keyword analysis revealed that the most used keywords in the field of Hinduism and health were "Hinduism," "religion," "spirituality" and "Islam." The USA was also the leading county in the literature of Buddhism and Health with 159 articles (32.78%) and followed by Thailand, the UK and China (10.72, 6.8 and 6.39%, respectively). The Journal of Religion and Health was noted to be the most prolific source in this field. We found that the developing countries such as India, Thailand, Singapore and Taiwan were found to be included in the most productive countries list on the contrary to previous bibliometric studies in health and religion field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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- View/download PDF
45. Post-Basal Insulin Intensification and Healthcare Resource Use in Type 2 Diabetes: A Web-Based Physician Survey in the United States and United Kingdom.
- Author
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Brod, Meryl, Basse, Amaury, Markert, Marie, and Pfeiffer, Kathryn M.
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TYPE 2 diabetes , *U.S. states , *GLUCAGON-like peptide-1 receptor , *DRUG side effects , *PHYSICIANS - Abstract
Introduction: Currently, there is limited knowledge of the healthcare resources and time needed to intensify patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with basal insulin to more complex treatment regimens. The purpose of the study was to investigate physicians' perspectives on the time and healthcare resources required for post-basal insulin intensification to basal–bolus and to basal in combination with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1) regimens. The study also examined referrals to specialists for intensification and patient challenges with intensification. Methods: A web-based survey of physicians was conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (USA). Results: A total of 458 physicians completed the survey, including general practitioners (58.5%) and specialists (endocrinologists/diabetologists; 41.5%). On average, 7.0 healthcare provider (HCP) visits (SD 3.7) over 30.1 weeks (SD 17.4) were required to intensify to a basal–bolus regimen, while 5.7 HCP visits (SD 3.8) over 23.5 weeks (SD 15.2) were needed to intensify to basal insulin in combination with GLP-1. Referral to a specialist for intensification required on average an additional 8 weeks of wait time before intensification. Physicians reported that the complexity of the basal–bolus regimen and frequent injections were key challenges for T2D patients intensifying to basal–bolus, while frequent injections and side effects were key challenges for those intensifying with GLP-1. Conclusion: Less complex regimens for intensification following basal insulin may help reduce the time and healthcare resources required for intensification and address some of the challenges T2D patients face when intensifying to basal–bolus or basal with GLP-1. Funding: Novo Nordisk, A/S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Antipsychotic utilization patterns among patients with schizophrenic disorder: a cross-national analysis in four countries.
- Author
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Sultana, Janet, Hurtado, Isabel, Bejarano-Quisoboni, Daniel, Giorgianni, Francesco, Huybrechts, Krista F., Lu, Zhigang, Patorno, Elisabetta, Sanfélix-Gimeno, Gabriel, Tari, Daniele Ugo, and Trifirò, Gianluca
- Subjects
- *
ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents , *DRUG utilization , *SCHIZOPHRENIA , *RETROSPECTIVE studies - Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to describe antipsychotic utilization patterns among patients with schizophrenic disorder in Italy, Spain, the UK, and the USA. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients aged 15 and over with schizophrenic disorder were identified in the Caserta claims database (Italy), the Valencia electronic medical record (EMR) database (Spain), in The Health Improvement Network EMR database (UK), and in databases of publicly and privately insured populations in the United States (US). Results: The frequency of first-generation or second-generation antipsychotic use and of long-acting or other formulations was described. Persistence to antipsychotics was estimated. Overall, 1,403,240 patients with schizophrenic disorder having a total of 765,573 new antipsychotic treatment episodes were identified. The median follow-up time ranged from 0.8 (IQR 0.2–1.9) years in the US commercially-insured population to 1.2 (IQR 0.1–1.7) years in the Spanish population. Second-generation antipsychotics were more frequently used than first-generation antipsychotics in all countries (on average, from 64.4% in the UK to 87% in US): the use of this class increased over time in Italy, Spain, and US (Medicaid). The use of long-acting formulations was heterogeneous across countries, but generally much lower than other formulations. Persistence to antipsychotic treatment at 1 year was low in all countries, ranging from 40 in Spain to 30% in Italy. Conclusions: Antipsychotic utilization was heterogeneous among persons with schizophrenic disorder. Nevertheless, low persistence was an issue in all the countries, as less than half of the patients continued their treatment beyond 1 year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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47. New therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus - past imperfect, future tense.
- Author
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Murphy, Grainne and Isenberg, David A.
- Subjects
- *
ANKYLOSING spondylitis , *SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus , *JANUS kinases , *ANTIGEN presentation , *RHEUMATOID arthritis , *PEPTIDE receptors , *B cells - Abstract
The failure of many new, mostly biologic, drugs to meet their primary end points in double-blind clinical trials in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has caused a profound sense of disappointment among both physicians and patients. Arguably, the success of B cell depletion with rituximab in open-label clinical trials, the approval of belimumab (which blocks B cell-activating factor (BAFF)) for use in patients with lupus nephritis in the USA and in difficult-to-treat patients with SLE in the UK and the recognition that clinical trial design can be improved have given some cause for hope. However, changes to therapies in current use and the development of new approaches are urgently needed. The results of the latest studies investigating the use of several new approaches to treating SLE are discussed in this Review, including: fully humanized anti-CD20 and anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies; inhibition of tyrosine-protein kinase BTK; CD40 ligand blockade; interfering with the presentation of antigen to autoreactive T cells using a peptide approach; a receptor decoy approach using an analogue of Fcγ receptor IIB; dual blockade of IL-12 and IL-23; and inhibition of Janus kinases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The evidence-based choice for antipsychotics in children and adolescents should be guaranteed.
- Author
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Putignano, Daria, Clavenna, Antonio, Reale, Laura, and Bonati, Maurizio
- Subjects
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MENTAL illness drug therapy , *ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents , *DECISION making , *DRUGS , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDLINE , *RISPERIDONE , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *OFF-label use (Drugs) , *HALOPERIDOL , *ARIPIPRAZOLE - Abstract
Purpose: Drug use in the pediatric population still often features off-label prescriptions, particularly for psychotropic drugs. We reviewed the registration status, scientific evidence, and recommendations from the guidelines for antipsychotics used for psychiatric disorders in children. Methods: Antipsychotic drugs marketed in Italy, the United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US) were identified with the ATC Classification System. The licensing status and Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) were taken from the national formularies. We analyzed reviews and guidelines on antipsychotics use in children and adolescents in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Results: Out of 67 drugs, 19 were marketed with a pediatric license in at least one country: three in all the selected countries, and only paliperidone with the same indications. Haloperidol was the only antipsychotic authorized for autism in Italy and the UK, and as well as risperidone and aripiprazole in the US. Aripiprazole and paliperidone were licensed in all three countries for schizophrenia. Aripiprazole was licensed for bipolar disorders in all three countries. Haloperidol was licensed for Tourette syndrome in Italy and the UK, and pimozide and aripiprazole in the US. We retrieved 21 pertinent reviews and 13 guidelines for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders in pediatrics. There was a complete overlap between the authorized therapeutic indications and the available scientific evidence for autism in the US, for conduct disorders and bipolar disorders in the UK, and for Tourette syndrome and tics in the UK and Italy. Conclusions: These results highlight the different regulatory processes that deny to many children and adolescents the most appropriate and rational antipsychotic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Seasonal variation in the internet searches for gout: an ecological study.
- Author
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Kardeş, Sinan
- Subjects
- *
INTERNET searching , *SEASONAL variations of diseases , *GOUT , *ARTHRITIS , *SCIENTIFIC observation - Abstract
Introduction/objective: While few studies with various types of outcomes and methodology have investigated the seasonality of gout, no internet data has been used in any study. This novel methodology may complement and extend the previous traditional data sources and has increasingly been used in investigating the seasonality of health conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize the Google Trends data to test whether there is a seasonal variation in the internet searches for gout on a population basis.Methods: In this observational ecological study, the Google Trends was searched for the [gout] within the USA, the UK, Canada, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand from January 01, 2004, to December 31, 2017, utilizing the "health" category.Results: The cosinor analyses revealed a statistically significant seasonal variation in relative search volume of the [gout] in the USA, the UK (p < 0.001), Canada (p < 0.001), Ireland (p < 0.001), Australia (p < 0.001), and New Zealand (p < 0.001), with a peak in the late spring/early summer months and trough in the late fall/early winter months. The peaks in late spring/early summer and troughs in late fall/early winter were out of phase by 6 months in the northern compared to the southern hemisphere countries.Conclusion: Another line of evidence from internet search query data showed a seasonal variation in gout, with a peak in the late spring/early summer months. Further studies aimed at elucidating the possible mechanisms behind seasonality in gout are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Living with Geographic Atrophy: An Ethnographic Study.
- Author
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Sivaprasad, Sobha, Tschosik, Elizabeth A., Guymer, Robyn H., Kapre, Audrey, Suñer, Ivan J., Joussen, Antonia M., Lanzetta, Paolo, and Ferrara, Daniela
- Subjects
- *
VIDEO coding - Abstract
Introduction: The specific impact from the patient's perspective of geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is not well understood.Methods: An ethnographic study was conducted to understand the impact of bilateral GA secondary to AMD on daily functioning by observing regular activities performed at home and through semi-structured interviews. Eligible subjects had a definitive GA diagnosis, including presence of drusen, GA lesion size of at least one disc area in the better-seeing eye, and no other confounding ophthalmologic diagnosis. Data were collected via video recordings and field notes, and analyzed by coding video transcripts.Results: Functional impact domains affecting more than two of the 16 subjects from the United Kingdom, United States, or Germany were activities of daily living (difficulty reading, n = 16; driving, n = 12; and watching movies, television, or theater, n = 11), emotional (frustration, and fear of blindness, n = 7 each), social/leisure (interference with hobbies, n = 8, and diminished social activities, n = 4), physical (n = 4), and financial (n = 10). Subjects with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/100 or better in the better-seeing eye (n = 10) reported similar functional impacts to those with a BCVA of worse than 20/100 in their better-seeing eye (n = 5).Conclusion: This study helps address gaps in patient-focused research into GA, which negatively impacts the day-to-day functioning of patients. Larger qualitative and quantitative studies are needed to quantify patient experiences and assess the correlation between BCVA score and impact of GA.Funding: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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